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Poster Session Abstracts POSTERS–MONDAY 102Nd Annual International Conference of the American Society for Horticultural Science Las Vegas, Nevada

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Poster Session Abstracts POSTERS–MONDAY 102Nd Annual International Conference of the American Society for Horticultural Science Las Vegas, Nevada Poster Session Abstracts POSTERS–MONDAY 102nd Annual International Conference of the American Society for Horticultural Science Las Vegas, Nevada Presenting authors are denoted by an astrisk (*) relationships showed a similar pattern for all of the navel varieties. A hedonic rating of 6 (like slightly) was not reached until the SSC : TA ratio exceeded the current legal minimum of 8:1, suggesting that The number preceeding the poster title corresponds to the the standard should be raised. Juice ethanol levels and percent juice location of the poster in the Poster Hall did not have any apparent infl uence on the sensory ratings. Fruit that were run over a packing line and waxed developed higher amounts of ethanol during storage than control fruit but did not differ substantially Poster Session 1—Postharvest Quality: Fruit from them in hedonic rating. 18 July 2005, 12:00–12:45 p.m. Poster Hall—Ballroom E/F (22) Evaluation of Postharvest Texture and Weight Loss in Apple Fruits by Destructive and Nondestructive Measurements (20) Effect of Fruit Dipping into Germanium Solution Just Sun Tay Choi *1, Judith Abbott 2, Kyu Seob Chang 3, Ji Gang Kim 1, After Harvest on Fruit Quality of ‘Niitaka’ Asian Pear 1 Chae Il Lim 1 1 1 2 1 Wol-Soo Kim , Tae-Hyun Kim , Soon-Ju Chung , Hyun Suk Choi * National Horticultural Research Institute, Postharvest Technology Division, 475 Imok- 1 2 Chonnam National University, Department of Horticulture, 300 Yongbong-dong, Gwangju, Dong, Jangan-Gu, Suwon, Kyeonggi, 440-706, South Korea; USDA-ARS, Produce Quality 3 500-757, Korea; 2University of Arkansas, 316 Plant Science, Fayetteville, AR, 72701 and Safety Laboratory; Chungnam National University, Food Science and Technology Germanium has been reported as a mineral element affecting plant The relation between sensory and instrumental measurements of apple cell metabolism. Many trials to supply germanium to fruit have been texture was investigated to fi nd an effective postharvest texture measure- carried out since tests have confi rmed germanium’s role as a medical ment method of apple. Then nondestructive evaluation of texture and substance. Supplying germanium to orchards by soil and foliar ap- weight loss using NIR was conducted. ‘Gala’ and ‘Fuji’ apples were plication was not effective because of loss from rainfall. Also, tree sampled during storage at 20 °C with 80% to 85% relative humidity. injection with germanium solution required the insertion of a tube to Instrumental measurements included penetration, compression, and the tree xylem at each injection site. In order to increase germanium bending tests with a texture analyzer, and sensory attributes were fi nger absorption by fruit, this study carried out the postharvest dipping of fi rmness, hardness, crispness, and mealiness. The penetration test was fruit into germanium solution. ‘Niitaka’ pear ( Pyrus pyrifolia) fruit more effective for postharvest texture measurement than compres- was treated with two types of germanium, GeO (inorganic type) and sion and bending tests in the correlation between sensory texture and Ge-132 (organic type), in a concentration of 50 mg·L –1 just after harvest instrumental measurement. As texture evaluation parameters, elastic in early Oct. 2004. Flesh browning after peeling the fruit was delayed modulus (slope before rupture point) and work (area to penetrate) of by germanium treatment, and polyphenoloxidase (PPO) activities penetration test were more sensitive than maximum force. Maximum were lowered. Postharvest potentials were maintained at high levels force, generally used as the parameter for texture evaluation, had a for fruit fi rmness, physiological disorders, and decayed fruit during little problem under infl uence of weight loss in ‘Fuji’; however, elas- cold storage at 0 to 1 °C for 2 months. Antioxidant and some phenolic tic modulus and work could detect the texture change of apple under compounds were higher than those of control fruit. infl uence of weight loss as well as softening. In the investigation of possibility of nondestructive evaluation using NIR of texture, the (21) Quality Factors Important to Navel Orange Taste as MLR analysis for elastic modulus determination of penetration test Infl uenced by Maturation and Handling showed good correlation ( R = 0.82, SEP = 2.66) in combination of two David Obenland *1, Paul Neipp1 , Jim Sievert ,2 Sue Collin ,2 cultivars. Also, in the weight loss evaluation, MLR analysis showed Mary Lu Arpaia2 the prediction correlation of 0.79 and SEP 1.08 in combination of 1 two cultivars. These results showed the possibility of nondestructive USDA-ARS, San Joaquin Valley Agricultural Sciences Center, Parlier, CA, 93648; evaluation using NIR of postharvest texture and weight loss. 2University of California, Kearney Agricultural Center, Parlier, CA, 93648 Maturity standards that determine when navel oranges can be harvested (23) Sorbitol Transport, Sorbitol, and Watercore in Apple in California are currently based upon the ratio of soluble solids content Cultivars Differ in Watercore Susceptibility (SSC) to titratable acidity (TA) and the rind color of the fruit. These Wayne Loescher , Tad Johnson , Randolph Beaudry *, standards may be inadequate to describe the quality of the fruit, which Sastry Jayanty is important given the increased competition from other commodities in the marketplace and declining consumption of fresh citrus. To reevalu- Michigan State University, Horticulture, East Lansing, MI, 48824 ate the basis of the maturity standard, navel oranges were harvested Sorbitol is the major carbohydrate translocated into apple fruit where it at intervals throughout the season and evaluated for SSC, TA, juice is normally metabolized to fructose. In watercored apple fruit tissues, ethanol concentration, percent juice, peel coloration, and sensory however, the intercellular spaces become fl ooded and sorbitol content characteristics. Three varieties of navel oranges, representing early-, is consistently higher than in nonwatercored apples, suggesting a mid- and late-season maturities, were used. SSC : TA ratios averaged defect in sugar alcohol metabolism or transport. Our previous results 6.3 at the beginning of the season and steadily increased to 23.4 at have identifi ed and characterized two sorbitol transporters, MsSOT1 the end of the season. Changes in the hedonic rating, or likeability of and MsSOT2, in apple fruit tissues. Sorbitol transporter gene expres- the fruit taste as rated by the sensory panelists, were closely related sion has been implicated in development of watercore with MsSOT to the SSC : TA ratio and ratings of sweetness and tartness. These expression diminished or absent in certain watercored fruit tissues. To HORTSCIENCE, VOL. 40(4), JULY 2005 993 ffinal6_20Julyinal6_20July HS.indbHS.indb 993993 66/20/05/20/05 55:00:38:00:38 PMPM explore this further, we have investigated the relationships between (26) Commercial Film Coatings Reduce Weight Loss and watercore, fruit maturation, fruit composition, and MsSOT expression Improve Appearance of ‘Keitt’ Mango Fruits in a number of apple cultivars that differ in watercore susceptibility. We ( Mangifera indica L.) also compared transporter expression between affected (watercored) and healthy parts of the same fruit and between watercored and non- Manuel Baez-Sañudo *, Jorge Siller-Cepeda , watercored fruits throughout the maturation and ripening processes. Rosalba Contreras-Martinez , Laura Contreras-Angulo , The MsSOT expression was often dramatically reduced in fruit tissues Rosabel Velez , Dolores Muy-Rangel exhibiting watercore. Thus, in susceptible cultivars, maturing (ripen- CIAD,A.C. Culiacan, Postharvest Physiology, Carretera a Eldorado Km. 5.5. Apdo. Postal ing) fruit parenchyma cells lose the ability to transport sorbitol, and 32-A., Culiacan, Sinaloa, 80129, Mexico this in turn leads to sorbitol accumulation in the apoplastic free space Mango ‘Keitt’ is characterized by a poor external color development and subsequent fl ooding of these spaces. These results are consistent and a slightly high transpiration rate during ripening, which affect with a relationship between watercore and sorbitol transport and also external quality. When fruit is ripening, the peel turns from a green to with a genetic susceptibility to the disorder. yellowish or dull green color, and the peel has no shine. We evaluated the effectiveness of three fi lm coatings to reduce weight loss, improve appearance, and maintain quality during ripening of ‘Keitt’ mango (24) Varietal Apple Wines from Great Plains-grown fruits. Four lots of fruits were obtained from a packinghouse in late Cultivars September and transported to the laboratory. Each lot was sprayed at the commercial recommended rates with SemperFresh™, Natural Patricia Lattrell1 , Durward A. Smith 1, Paul Read *2, Shine™, TFC 210, and FreshSeal™ coatings. Water sprayed fruits Susan S. Cuppett 1 were used as a control. After applications, fruits were stored for 15 1University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Food Science and Technology, 253 Food Industry days at 22 °C and 85% RH to simulate marketing conditions. Quality Complex, Lincoln, NE, 68583-0919; 2University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Agronomy and Horticulture, 377-J Plant Science, Lincoln, NE, 68583 parameters evaluated included weight loss (%), fi rmness, external and internal colors (hue, chroma, l), respiration rate (CO 2 production), and There is little information regarding processing methods that result chemical parameters such as pH, titratable acidity and °Brix. After 15
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