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Regionalization of Research in West and Central Africa a Synthesis of Workshop Findings and Recommendations

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SD Publication Series Office of Sustainable Development Bureau for Africa Regionalization of Research in West and Central Africa A Synthesis of Workshop Findings and Recommendations Banjul, The Gambia March 14–16, 1994 Technical Paper No.4 November 1994 Regionalization of Research in West and Central Africa A Synthesis of Workshop Findings and Recommendations Banjul, The Gambia March 14–16, 1994 Publication services provided by AMEX International, Inc. pursuant to the following USAID contract: Project Title: Policy, Analysis, Research, and Technical Support Project Project Number: 698-0478 Contract Number: AOT-0478-C-00-3168-00 CORAF Conférence des Responsables Special Program for African U.S. Agency for International de Recherche Agronomique Agricultural Research Development Africaine Bureau for Africa i ii Contents Foreword v Executive Summary vi Glossary of Acronyms and Abbreviations ix 1. Introduction 1 A. The Workshop 1 B. Objectives 1 2. Background 2 A. Regionalization of Research 2 B. The Framework for Action for the Humid and Sub Humid Zones of Central 3 and Western Africa C. Coordination of Regional Research Programs 3 D. Impacts from Agricultural Research 4 E. Future Challenges: Trade and Technology 5 3. Recommendations 6 A. Governance and Coordination 6 B. Institutional Mechanisms to Fund and Implement Programs 6 C. Strategic Planning and Priority Setting 7 D. Technical Forum and Information Exchange 7 4. Follow-up Actions 9 Annexes A. List of Documents/Liste des Documents 10 B. List of Participants/Liste des Participants 13 C. Agenda 24 D. Regional Programs Synopsis 30 iii iv Foreword In Africa and within the international commu- tional, regional, and international activities in nity, a shared vision of an Africa on the path to West and Central Africa. They gained an un- sustainable development is beginning to crys- derstanding of the basic principles for success- tallize: a more united, more entrepreneurial, ful regional collaboration and identified con- better-managed Africa, ready to participate fully crete actions for a more united effort in support in the world economy. of agricultural research. This optimistic vision is based on: We extend thanks to The Government of The Gambia for hosting the workshop. We extend n recognition that long-term sustainable de- special thanks to the vice president of The Gam- velopment in Africa requires agricultural bia and the minister of agriculture who provided diversification, more efficient production support and guidance for the workshop. The work- and marketing systems, and larger markets shop and this document were a joint effort by the for African products; Special Program for African Agricultural Re- n realization that recent efforts and reforms search (SPAAR), Conférence des Responsables have created opportunities for significant de Recherche Agronomique Africaine (CORAF), cooperation and integration; and and the U.S. Agency for International Develop- n consensus on the key role of agriculture in ment, Africa Bureau, Office of Sustainable De- supporting both economic growth and eco- velopment, Productive Sector and Growth Divi- nomic integration in Africa. sion (USAID/AFR/SD/PSGE).* We acknowledge the commitment and effort African economic development and agri- of the many professionals that prepared the indi- cultural research are linked to and influenced vidual papers presented and discussed at the by changes and developments at the global level. workshop. Their experience and knowledge The institutions of the 21st century must facili- greatly enriched the dialogue and informed the tate these linkages and respond to this reality. recommendations. The transformation of agriculture must be viewed in this broader context. This document synthesizes presentations and David M. Songer discussions from the March 1994 Banjul work- Unit Leader shop, Regionalization of Research in West and Technology Development and Transfer Central Africa. It includes recommendations USAID/AFR/SD/PSGE for organizing regional initiatives so that the leaders of national technology systems assume Moctar Toure responsibility for regional programs. Executive Secretary At the workshop, leaders from coastal and SPAAR Secretariat Sahelian countries and representatives from do- nors, regional organizations, as well as interna- tional centers discussed the integration of na- * Formerly the Office of Analysis, Research, and Technical Support / Division of Food, Agriculture, and Resources Analysis (USAID/AFR/ARTS/FARA). v Executive Summary The Workshop nology and strengthening national research sys- tems. More than 100 persons participated in the “Workshop on Regionalization of Research in Major Recommendations West and Central Africa,” held in Banjul, The Gambia, March 14–16, 1994. Participants rep- 1. A regional mechanism should be established resented 21 National Agricultural Research to promote cooperation in agricultural re- Systems (NARS), 9 donor agencies, and 17 search, to fulfill the functions of governance international and regional organizations. The and coordination, and to provide liaison and Special Program for African Agricultural Re- linkage with similar coordinating mecha- search (SPAAR) convened the workshop, with nisms in other agroecological zones and assistance from the U.S. Agency for Interna- Africa-wide. tional Development (USAID), Conférence des By conducting national research in a Responsables de Recherche Agronomique regional context, countries can pool re- Africaine (CORAF), World Bank, and Govern- sources to address technical issues, improve ment of The Gambia. information sharing, and advance regional In plenary and small group sessions, work- solutions to agricultural problems. shop participants assessed the opportunities for Regionalization builds on the experience of collaboration among the various initiatives pro- several collaborative regional research pro- moting regionalization of research in West and grams that bring together a critical mass of Central Africa. Participants reviewed a draft scientists and encourage the free exchange framework, shared ideas for increasing infor- of profitable technology across national mation exchange across borders, and examined borders. At the present time, numerous re- existing regional programs. From these sessions, gional programs are working side-by-side. several recommendations emerged. Rationalizing and harmonizing their activi- ties requires priority setting within a com- Regionalization of Research mon agricultural policy framework. Regionalization of research refers to the integra- 2. The coordinating mechanism should have tion of national, regional, and international re- the following components: search activities. Regionalization requires the collaboration of participants to define research n a political apex body, consisting of the priorities, allocate responsibilities, and share find- Conference of Ministers of Agriculture ings. It requires the involvement of both policy of West and Central Africa; makers and scientists to harmonize policies and n a technical/policy body or Directors’ priorities among participating systems. Experi- Committee, consisting of one person ence demonstrates that collaborative regional from each country in the humid and research programs can be an efficient means of subhumid zones; concurrently increasing the availability of tech- n an executive secretariat, consisting of a vi small number of professional employ- 6. Regional priorities should be developed at ees; and two levels: n steering or technical committees, con- sisting of key technical persons from n at the policy level, across commodities each institution participating in a par- and themes; and ticular initiative. n at the technical level, involving task forces of scientists, to develop priorities 3. Three preconditions need to be met for a within a commodity or theme. regional program to operate: Regional activities must complement na- n Relevant agents within member coun- tional activities, but permit a reallocation of tries should have the political will to tasks across national programs, based on collaborate. comparative advantage of the participating n Funding agents (external donors and institutions and scientists. national authorities) should be commit- ted to finance regionally based activi- 7. National, regional, and international agen- ties. cies and donors are encouraged to work n A strategic plan should provide a realis- together to establish electronic communica- tic alignment of resources with activi- tion among National Agricultural Research ties, with prospects to resolve priority Systems, among NARS and regional and constraints efficiently. international centers, and among NARS leaders, international regional centers, and 4. To support and implement regional pro- donors. grams, institutional and funding mechanisms should: 8. Communication between technical officers and policy makers must be strengthened. n be owned by national systems; The Directors’ Committee should develop n include processes and capacities to sup- an agenda of policy issues and devise a port strategic planning; strategy for using them to improve dialogue n provide transparent and reliable account- with policy makers. To assist in this effort, ing systems to document contributions resources should be allocated for impact of NARS to regional programs; studies that demonstrate the performance n offer transparent and clear guidelines levels of research. on task distribution and allocation is- sues; and Follow-Up Actions n enable scientific coordination.
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    USAID/MAURITANIA CROSS-SECTORAL YOUTH ASSESSMENT REPORT August 18, 2020 This report is made possible by the support of the American people through the United States Agency for International Development (USAID). The contents are the responsibility of Making Cents International through YouthPower: Evidence and Evaluation Task Order 1 (YouthPower Learning). This report does not necessarily reflect the views of USAID or the United States Government. USAID/MAURITANIA CROSS-SECTORAL YOUTH ASSESSMENT REPORT August 18, 2020 By: Michelle Barsa, Independent Consultant for Making Cents International Haroune Sidatt, Independent Consultant for Making Cents International USAID’s YouthPower Learning generates and disseminates knowledge about the implementation and impact of positive youth development (PYD) and cross-sectoral approaches in international youth development. We are leading research, evaluations, and events designed to build the evidence base and inform the global community about how to transition young people successfully into productive, healthy adults. PYD is defined by USAID as: Positive Youth Development (PYD) engages youth along with their families, communities, and/or governments so that youth are empowered to reach their full potential. PYD approaches build skills, assets and competencies; foster healthy relationships; strengthen the environment; and transform systems. Visit us at YouthPower.org to learn more and follow us on Facebook and Twitter for updates. For public inquiries and additional information please email [email protected] or mail to Making Cents International, attn: YouthPower2: Learning and Evaluation, 1350 Connecticut Ave. NW, Suite 410, Washington DC 20036. 3 TABLE OF CONTENTS ACRONYMS AND ABBREVIATIONS 6 I. INTRODUCTION 8 Figure 1: Positive Youth Development Framework 9 II.