Regionalization of Research in West and Central Africa a Synthesis of Workshop Findings and Recommendations

SD Publication Series Office of Sustainable Development Bureau for Africa

Regionalization of Research in West and Central Africa A Synthesis of Workshop Findings and Recommendations

Banjul, The Gambia March 14–16, 1994

Technical Paper No.4 November 1994

Regionalization of Research in West and Central Africa A Synthesis of Workshop Findings and Recommendations

Banjul, The Gambia March 14–16, 1994

Publication services provided by AMEX International, Inc. pursuant to the following USAID contract: Project Title: Policy, Analysis, Research, and Technical Support Project Project Number: 698-0478 Contract Number: AOT-0478-C-00-3168-00

CORAF Conférence des Responsables Special Program for African U.S. Agency for International de Recherche Agronomique Agricultural Research Development Africaine Bureau for Africa

i ii Contents

Foreword v Executive Summary vi Glossary of Acronyms and Abbreviations ix

1. Introduction 1

A. The Workshop 1 B. Objectives 1

2. Background 2

A. Regionalization of Research 2 B. The Framework for Action for the Humid and Sub Humid Zones of Central 3 and Western Africa C. Coordination of Regional Research Programs 3 D. Impacts from Agricultural Research 4 E. Future Challenges: Trade and Technology 5

3. Recommendations 6

A. Governance and Coordination 6 B. Institutional Mechanisms to Fund and Implement Programs 6 C. Strategic Planning and Priority Setting 7 D. Technical Forum and Information Exchange 7

4. Follow-up Actions 9

Annexes A. List of Documents/Liste des Documents 10 B. List of Participants/Liste des Participants 13 C. Agenda 24 D. Regional Programs Synopsis 30

iii iv Foreword

In Africa and within the international commu- tional, regional, and international activities in nity, a shared vision of an Africa on the path to West and Central Africa. They gained an un- sustainable development is beginning to crys- derstanding of the basic principles for success- tallize: a more united, more entrepreneurial, ful regional collaboration and identified con- better-managed Africa, ready to participate fully crete actions for a more united effort in support in the world economy. of agricultural research. This optimistic vision is based on: We extend thanks to The Government of The Gambia for hosting the workshop. We extend n recognition that long-term sustainable de- special thanks to the vice president of The Gam- velopment in Africa requires agricultural bia and the minister of agriculture who provided diversification, more efficient production support and guidance for the workshop. The work- and marketing systems, and larger markets shop and this document were a joint effort by the for African products; Special Program for African Agricultural Re- n realization that recent efforts and reforms search (SPAAR), Conférence des Responsables have created opportunities for significant de Recherche Agronomique Africaine (CORAF), cooperation and integration; and and the U.S. Agency for International Develop- n consensus on the key role of agriculture in ment, Africa Bureau, Office of Sustainable De- supporting both economic growth and eco- velopment, Productive Sector and Growth Divi- nomic integration in Africa. sion (USAID/AFR/SD/PSGE).* We acknowledge the commitment and effort African economic development and agri- of the many professionals that prepared the indi- cultural research are linked to and influenced vidual papers presented and discussed at the by changes and developments at the global level. workshop. Their experience and knowledge The institutions of the 21st century must facili- greatly enriched the dialogue and informed the tate these linkages and respond to this reality. recommendations. The transformation of agriculture must be viewed in this broader context. This document synthesizes presentations and David M. Songer discussions from the March 1994 Banjul work- Unit Leader shop, Regionalization of Research in West and Technology Development and Transfer Central Africa. It includes recommendations USAID/AFR/SD/PSGE for organizing regional initiatives so that the leaders of national technology systems assume Moctar Toure responsibility for regional programs. Executive Secretary At the workshop, leaders from coastal and SPAAR Secretariat Sahelian countries and representatives from donors, regional organizations, as well as international centers discussed the integration of na- * Formerly the Office of Analysis, Research, and Technical Support / Division of Food, Agriculture, and Resources Analysis (USAID/AFR/ARTS/FARA).

v Executive Summary

The Workshop nology and strengthening national research systems. More than 100 persons participated in the “Workshop on Regionalization of Research in Major Recommendations West and Central Africa,” held in Banjul, The Gambia, March 14–16, 1994. Participants rep- 1. A regional mechanism should be established resented 21 National Agricultural Research to promote cooperation in agricultural re- Systems (NARS), 9 donor agencies, and 17 search, to fulfill the functions of governance international and regional organizations. The and coordination, and to provide liaison and Special Program for African Agricultural Re- linkage with similar coordinating mecha- search (SPAAR) convened the workshop, with nisms in other agroecological zones and assistance from the U.S. Agency for Interna- Africa-wide. tional Development (USAID), Conférence des By conducting national research in a Responsables de Recherche Agronomique regional context, countries can pool re- Africaine (CORAF), World Bank, and Govern- sources to address technical issues, improve ment of The Gambia. information sharing, and advance regional In plenary and small group sessions, work- solutions to agricultural problems. shop participants assessed the opportunities for Regionalization builds on the experience of collaboration among the various initiatives pro- several collaborative regional research promoting regionalization of research in West and grams that bring together a critical mass of Central Africa. Participants reviewed a draft scientists and encourage the free exchange framework, shared ideas for increasing infor- of profitable technology across national mation exchange across borders, and examined borders. At the present time, numerous re- existing regional programs. From these sessions, gional programs are working side-by-side. several recommendations emerged. Rationalizing and harmonizing their activities requires priority setting within a com- Regionalization of Research mon agricultural policy framework.

Regionalization of research refers to the integra- 2. The coordinating mechanism should have tion of national, regional, and international re- the following components: search activities. Regionalization requires the collaboration of participants to define research n a political apex body, consisting of the priorities, allocate responsibilities, and share find- Conference of Ministers of Agriculture ings. It requires the involvement of both policy of West and Central Africa; makers and scientists to harmonize policies and n a technical/policy body or Directors’ priorities among participating systems. Experi- Committee, consisting of one person ence demonstrates that collaborative regional from each country in the humid and research programs can be an efficient means of subhumid zones; concurrently increasing the availability of tech- n an executive secretariat, consisting of a

vi small number of professional employ- 6. Regional priorities should be developed at ees; and two levels: n steering or technical committees, consisting of key technical persons from n at the policy level, across commodities each institution participating in a par- and themes; and ticular initiative. n at the technical level, involving task forces of scientists, to develop priorities 3. Three preconditions need to be met for a within a commodity or theme. regional program to operate: Regional activities must complement na- n Relevant agents within member coun- tional activities, but permit a reallocation of tries should have the political will to tasks across national programs, based on collaborate. comparative advantage of the participating n Funding agents (external donors and institutions and scientists. national authorities) should be committed to finance regionally based activi- 7. National, regional, and international agen- ties. cies and donors are encouraged to work n A strategic plan should provide a realis- together to establish electronic communica- tic alignment of resources with activi- tion among National Agricultural Research ties, with prospects to resolve priority Systems, among NARS and regional and constraints efficiently. international centers, and among NARS leaders, international regional centers, and 4. To support and implement regional pro- donors. grams, institutional and funding mechanisms should: 8. Communication between technical officers and policy makers must be strengthened. n be owned by national systems; The Directors’ Committee should develop n include processes and capacities to sup- an agenda of policy issues and devise a port strategic planning; strategy for using them to improve dialogue n provide transparent and reliable account- with policy makers. To assist in this effort, ing systems to document contributions resources should be allocated for impact of NARS to regional programs; studies that demonstrate the performance n offer transparent and clear guidelines levels of research. on task distribution and allocation issues; and Follow-Up Actions n enable scientific coordination. 1. SPAAR will arrange a meeting of NARS’ 5. The process of regional priority setting should leaders to develop the conditions and mo- begin at the national level, with national gov- dalities of setting up a Directors’ Commit- ernments and research systems developing tee and to define a realistic work program. strategic plans, based on rigorous priority The work program should include actions setting in a regional context. Regional and to finalize and validate the Framework for national priorities should be aligned with Action of the Humid and Sub-Humid Zones economic development objectives, technical (by September 1994) and integrate it with prospects for success, and policy realities. the Framework for Action of the Sahelian Zone.

vii In preparation for the meeting, SPAAR tual resources required to implement the will initiate consultations between and Frameworks for Action. Additional analyti- among the various parties to address both cal work is required on funding, regional substantive and procedural issues. The meet- priority setting, and impact assessment. ing will be sponsored by the Conference of Ministers of Agriculture of West and Cen- 3. NARS, donors, and International Agricul- tral Africa. tural Research Centers (IARCs) will be proactive in pursuing the harmonization of 2. SPAAR will assist the Directors’ Commit- regional collaborative activities. tee in mobilizing the financial and intellec-

viii Glossary of Acronyms and Abbreviations

AFR Bureau for Africa (USAID)

AGRIS Agricultural Research Information System

ARTS/FARA Office of Analysis, Research, and Technical Support / Division of Food, Agricul- tural, and Resources Analysis (USAID/AFR, now SD/PSGE)

CARIS Commonwealth Agricultural Information System

CORAF Conférence des Responsables de Recherche Agronomique Africaine

FFA Framework for Action (for the Humid and Subhumid Zones of Central and Western Africa)

IARC International Agricultural Research Center

NARS National Agricultural Research System(s)

NGO nongovernmental organization

R&D research and development

RESEADOC Réseau Sahélian d’Information et de Documentation Scientifiques et Techniques

SD/PSGE Office of Sustainable Development / Productive Sector Growth and Environment Division (USAID/AFR, formerly ARTS/FARA)

SIS SPAAR Information System

SPAAR Special Program for African Agricultural Research

TDT technology development and transfer

UDEAC Union Douanière et Économique de l’Afrique Centrale

USAID U.S. Agency for International Development

WARDA West Africa Rice Development Association

ix x 1. Introduction

A. The Workshop n assess the opportunities for collaboration among the various initiatives promoting More than 100 persons participated in the ”Work- regionalization of research in West and shop on Regionalization of Research in West and Central Africa; Central Africa,” held in Banjul, The Gambia, n develop a framework to increase the in- March 14–16, 1994. Participants represented 21 volvement and leadership of national re- National Agricultural Research Systems, 9 do- search system policy makers in collabora- nor agencies, and 17 international and regional tive regional research programs; organizations. The Special Program for African n develop a framework or forum to increase Agricultural Research (SPAAR) convened the information exchange across borders and workshop, with assistance from the U.S. Agency programs within the subregion; for International Development (USAID), n improve understanding of the strategic di- Conférence des Responsables de Recherche rections that are being taken at the regional Agronomique Africaine (CORAF), the World level to improve and sustain the flow of Bank, and the Government of The Gambia. profitable and sustainable technology; and n improve understanding of what technology B. Objectives is available or in the pipeline to increase agricultural productivity for selected com- The objectives of the workshop were to: modity systems.

1 2. Background

Leaders of agricultural technology development grams create a critical mass of scientists and and transfer systems in the West and Central encourage the free exchange of profitable tech- Africa subregion are engaged in efforts to ad- nology across national borders. At the present dress—head on—the unique institutional and time, numerous regional programs are working technical challenges they face to revitalize their side-by-side. Rationalizing and harmonizing systems, and increase the contribution of tech- their activities requires priority setting within a nology development and transfer (TDT) to eco- common agricultural policy framework. nomic growth. These efforts are being supported The need for coordinated action is apparent. by a multitude of financing and implementing To meet domestic agricultural needs and com- agents. The Banjul workshop provided an op- pete in international markets, African countries portunity for national leaders to review ap- must find ways to increase productivity, reduce proaches to regional programs and ensure ac- costs, and improve product quality. Many Na- countability for resources committed to tional Agricultural Research Systems (NARS) collaborative regional research programs. This share similar ecological conditions and have section of the synthesis provides background similar agricultural problems. Production sys- on these topics presented and discussed at the tems often cut across national boundaries. A workshop. full understanding of many problems (for example, natural resources management) requires A. Regionalization of Research a multicountry perspective and more resources and manpower than any one NARS can muster. In a given thematic or commodity area, By conducting national research in a regional regionalization of research refers to the integra- context, countries can pool resources to address tion of national, regional, and international re- technical issues, improve information sharing, search activities. Regionalization requires the and advance regional solutions to agricultural collaboration of participants to define research problems. priorities, allocate responsibilities, and share In the nonfarm areas of the food sector and findings. It requires the harmonization of poli- agricultural industry (for example, processing, cies and priorities among participating systems, distribution, storage, financing, and retailing), and thus requires the involvement of policy harmonization of activities and standards is makers and managers as well as scientists. essential to achieve consistency throughout re- Regionalization builds on the experience of gional economies. several collaborative regional research programs An analysis of experience with existing during the past two decades, experience that collaborative regional research programs reveals demonstrates the feasibility and efficiency of the following lessons learned: regional efforts. The programs bring together a larger number of scientists than would other- n Collaborative regional research should be wise be present in one national system and responsive to the needs of national agricul- enables them to work together on a shared tural research systems, with objectives that agenda. Collaborative regional research pro- are firmly anchored in the national strategic

2 plans of participating NARS. tion (FFA) provides a strategic agenda and a n National scientists should be involved in process to promote: the conception and implementation of regional programs. n technology-driven agricultural development; n Regional programs should be governed and n cross-country cooperation; and led by national systems (not by external n greater interaction among political and fi- organizations). nancial leaders, scientific and technological n Sustaining regional collaboration requires leaders, private entrepreneurs, and nongov- the commitment of national systems, which ernmental organizations (NGOs). can only be achieved when the NARS in- vest in collaboration. The FFA includes: n Well-designed and -executed collaborative regional research programs are an efficient n the development of national research strat- means of concurrently increasing the avail- egies (master plans) that reflect the regional ability and access to technology, and dimension, respond to requirements for eco- strengthening national research systems. nomic development, and are tailored to the human and financial resources available; One example of the successful application n the organization of a coalition of various of these lessons is the creation by West Africa country efforts to ensure adequate, depend- Rice Development Association (WARDA) of able, and timely financial resources for the task forces of national scientists to jointly imple- implementation of the agreed priority re- ment a common set of research themes and search programs; agree on the distribution of work. Task forces n the improvement of the institutional struc- were broadly endorsed at the workshop. tures and the enabling environment to facilitate the development and implementa- B. The Framework for Action for the tion of transparent management systems and Humid and Subhumid Zones of the development of a culture of excellence; Central and Western Africa n the establishment of greater accountability to both the financiers and clients of research; Economic growth in West and Central African and countries is highly dependent on the sustain- n the encouragement of pluralism in the ex- able performance of their agricultural sector. ecution of the research plan to capitalize on Sustainable performance requires increased use the comparative advantage of the public of profitable and sustainable technologies that and private sectors, the academic commu- can assist producers, processors, market agents nity, NGOs, and the regional and interna- and policy makers to address on- and off-farm tional research institutions. constraints to agricultural sector modernization and transformation. C. Coordination of Regional Research The Conference of Ministers of Agriculture Programs of West and Central Africa and the Special Program for African Agricultural Research In the background session on coordination of (SPAAR) group of donors agree that technol- research, it was noted that the problem of coor- ogy is a catalyst for economic development and dination can be viewed from four perspectives: that an enabling environment is needed to ac- celerate the flow of technology to and within n coordinating goals; Africa. The design of the Framework for Ac- n coordinating activities and tasks;

3 n coordinating structures; and involving changing goals and structures to meet n coordinating the human perspective. changing needs.

Coordination must begin with shared pur- D. Impacts from Agricultural Research poses and goals for agricultural research and development (R&D). R&D goals must be clearly Studies completed in the last two years in the and explicitly related to other national develop- subregion, and elsewhere in Africa, indicate ment goals. that past investments in TDT have brought When we combine tasks and activities aimed positive and significant economic benefits. The at serving R&D goals, we may seek a commod- studies challenge a view that was prevalent a ity grouping, a process grouping, or a spatial few years ago—the view that investments in (district) grouping. The commodity subsector agricultural TDT were of little value. In fact, approach stresses the sequencing of tasks and studies of past investments indicate substantial activities that ensure that all the elements will returns from investments in TDT. be in place for a technological or economic Findings presented at the workshop show breakthrough. The process groping looks at the that before and after Africa’s decade of decline task common to all commodities (e.g., seed (from 1970–73 to 1980–84), when economic multiplication, irrigation management, range policies were relatively open and rainfall was management) and looks at the way that ex- relatively high, significant increases occurred panded services can be made available to new in per capita production and exports from Af- activities at incremental cost. The logic of spa- rica as a whole. Productivity gains were achieved tial (district) grouping of tasks will depend on through intensifying land use, raising output many factors: national policy, regional diver- per arable hectare, reducing fallow periods, and sity, and technical requirements. increasing the use of labor and other inputs. The structural elements for good coordina- Intensification has been facilitated by agricul- tion include establishing and maintaining man- tural research into new seed varieties and agro- agement structures that facilitate interrelated nomic methods. (These patterns are similar to decision making, programming, communica- those in Asia.) tion, and control. The functional agencies imple- Case studies of national research programs menting activities should have a pattern of del- show consistently high economic returns in egating authority, responsibility, and Africa as elsewhere. But three key differences accountability for making operational decisions. between Africa and Asia influence research Organizational structures should be set up so as impacts and clarify priorities: higher taxation to engage the participation, involvement, and of agriculture, which transfers research benefits commitment of as many as possible of the people to the nonfarm sector; higher rural population concerned with the developmental activities. growth, which absorbs research benefits in on- Coordinating the human perspective requires farm consumption; and a smaller size of indi- that all individuals, at all levels, be inculcated vidual countries, which makes cross-border col- with the importance of attitudes of willing and laboration in research more important. ready cooperation. Each of the three key differences between Lessons to draw on for the development of Africa and Asia calls for a modification of the good coodination mechanisms of regional re- traditional methods of assessing impact, devel- search programs are available from within and oped for Asia and Latin America in the 1970s outside of Africa. A fundamental lesson is that and 1980s. Methods for assessing impact should good coordination is founded on a process that take account of government policies, popula- efficiently supports institutional evolution— tion growth, and cross-border spillovers. They

4 should develop African capacity to assess im- policies to promote food self-sufficiency; re- pacts and be accountable for resources used. strictions on regional trade because of localized rent-seeking; lack of coordination of official E. Future Challenges: Trade and producer prices; and inefficient public sector Technology marketing and fiscal appropriations. The result of these distortions has been Food security in West and Central Africa is a high priority. The role of trade and technology n a major decline in traditional exports and in supporting this has received considerable loss of world market share; attention over the past decade, which has led to n poor performance regarding the substitu- a redefinition of strategies toward self-reliance tion of local production for imports of prod- away from self-sufficiency approaches. It is ucts such as rice; clear that trade and other off-farm sources of n inefficiency of production and high cost to income play a key role in food security. It is consumers resulting from trade protection; also clear that technology significantly influ- n waste resources associating with rent-seek- ences the profitabiltiy and, in turn, comparative ing trade flows; advantage of enterprises individuals engage in n lack of expansion or decline of regional trade and generate income. The links between trade flows based on comparative advan- trade and research agendas in West and Central tage; and Africa have historically been weak. A key fu- n stagnation of nontraditional exports. ture challenge for regional and national technology systems is to become more informed With the implementation of programs of about trade and factors influencing trade, and to structural adjustment and recent policy reforms align research efforts with opportunties to have such as devaluation of the CFA franc, a number broad-based impact on trade of small- and in- of these distortions are being eliminated. As a termediate-size enterprises. result, there is a need to anticipate future direc- The identification of agricultural research tions of demand for agricultural products, the priorities in West and Central Africa must take potential of production to meet that demand, into account the evolution of demand for agri- and the need for agricultural research. In addi- cultural products and the pattern of compara- tion, there is a need to reduce institutional con- tive advantage. At present, patterns of produc- straints in such areas as savings mobilization tion and trade flows are seriously distorted by: for investment, storage and transportation, tim- the recent overvaluation of the CFA franc and ing and quality of delivery, and administrative the trade policies put in place to offset some of procedures regarding imports and exports. the effects of overvaluation; protective trade

5 3. Recommendations

At the Banjul workshop, participants discussed plan regional research, mobilize and the regionalization of research in plenary and in allocate resources, coordinate research working groups. The following recommenda- programs, liaise with research partners tions were developed in working groups and and external organizations, ensure fi- reviewed in plenary. nancial accountability, and assess impacts. Members of this body should be A. Governance and Coordination selected by respective countries and empowered to represent them in matters n Research should be planned and imple- of research policy, strategy, and resource mented by national and regional coalitions allocation. Normally, the Director of of donors, researchers, users, and input sup- Agricultural Research will be the mem- ply agents. ber. Other members may be added to the technical/policy body, as determined n A regional mechanism should be established by committee. to promote cooperation in agricultural re- t An executive secretariat, consisting of search, to fulfill the functions of governance a small number of professional employ- and coordination, and to provide liaison and ees, should perform the analytical and linkage with similar coordinating mecha- coordinating tasks associated with ful- nisms in other agroecological zones and filling the mandate of the Directors’ Africa-wide. Committee. t Steering or technical committees should n The membership of the regional coordina- be established, as needed, with key tech- tion mechanism should be limited to the nical persons from each institution par- countries of West and Central Africa whose ticipating in a particular initiative. New lands lie predominantly in the humid and task forces or technical committees may subhumid zones. be established by the Directors’ Com- mittee. n The coordinating mechanism should have the following components. B. Institutional Mechanisms to Fund t A political body, consisting of the Con- and Implement Programs ference of Ministers of Agriculture of West and Central Africa, should pro- n Three preconditions need to be met for a vide political authentication and valida- regional program to operate: tion and undertake policy coordination t Relevant agents within member coun- across the region. tries should have the political will to t A technical/policy body or Directors’ collaborate. Committee, consisting of one person t Funding agents (external donors and na- from each country in the humid and tional authorities) should be committed subhumid zones, should set priorities, to finance regionally based activities.

6 t A strategic plan should provide a realis- balance of analysis (objectivity) and politi- tic alignment of resources with activi- cal process to achieve consensus. ties, with prospects to resolve priority constraints efficiently. n Regional priorities should be developed at two levels: n To support and implement regional pro- t at the policy level, across commodities grams, institutional and funding mechanisms and themes; and should: t at the technical level, involving task t be owned by national systems; forces of scientists, to develop priorities t incorporate processes and instruments within a commodity or theme. to consolidate resources and efforts from multiple sources; n Regional activities must complement na- t include processes and capacities to sup- tional activities, but permit a reallocation of port strategic planning; tasks across national programs, based on t facilitate dialogue and interaction among comparative advantage of the participating NARS scientists; among NARS and institutions and scientists. IARC scientists; among donors, NARS and IARCs; and between these three n Donors should endeavor to align their de- groups and other relevant agents; velopment resources with national and re- t provide transparent and reliable account- gional efforts in ways that promote an effi- ing systems to document NARS contri- cient allocation of resources. butions to regional programs; t be subscribed to by all members (NARS, D. Technical Forum and Information IARCs, and others); Exchange t offer transparent and clear guidelines on task distribution and allocation is- n National, regional, and international agen- sues; and cies and donors should work together to t enable scientific coordination. establish electronic communication among NARS, among NARS and regional and in- C. Strategic Planning and Priority ternational centers, and among NARS lead- Setting ers, international regional centers, and donors. n The process of regional priority setting should begin at the national level. n The Directors’ Committee should organize an annual forum for technical exchange and n Regional and national priorities should be dialogue on research that is generating in- aligned with economic development objec- novations of broad regional significance. tives, technical prospects for success, and The forum could be concurrent with (or part policy realities. of) a plenary meeting of the Directors’ Committee. It should not replace the techni- n Within the subregion, national governments cal exchange meetings of individual initia- and research systems need to develop na- tives. tional strategic plans, based on rigorous priority setting in a regional context. n To the fullest extent possible, existing information exchange systems should be used n National decision making must include a to facilitate communication. Some of the

7 existing systems are: Agricultural Research n Communication between technical officers Information System (AGRIS), Common- and policy makers must be strengthened. wealth Agricultural Information System The Directors’ Committee should develop (CARIS), Réseau Sahélian d’Information an agenda of policy issues and devise a et de Documentation Scientifiques et Tech- strategy for using them to improve dialogue niques (RESEADOC), Union Douanière et with policy makers. To assist in this effort, Économique de l’Afrique Centrale resources should be allocated for impact (UDEAC), SPAAR Information Systems studies that demonstrate the performance (SIS), International Agricultural Research levels of research. Centers (IARCs), and various newsletters.

8 4. Follow-Up Actions

n SPAAR will arrange a meeting of NARS Conference of Ministers of Agriculture leaders to develop the conditions and mo- of West and Central Africa. dalities of setting up a Directors’ Commit- tee and to define a realistic work program. n SPAAR will assist the Directors’ Commit- The work program should include actions tee in mobilizing the financial and intellec- to finalize and validate the Framework for tual resources required to implement the Action of the Humid and Sub-Humid Zones Frameworks for Action. Additional analyti- (by September 1994) and integrate it with cal work is required on funding, regional the Framework for Action of the Sahelian priority setting and impact assessment. Zone. t In preparation for the meeting, SPAAR n National Agricultural Research Systems, do- will initiate consultations between and nors and International Agricultural Research among the various parties to address Centers will be proactive in pursuing the both substantive and procedural issues. harmonization of regional collaborative ac- The meeting will be sponsored by the tivities.

9 Annex A List of Documents/Liste des Documents

Name of Document / Nom du Document Author / Auteur

1 The Africa Bureau Sustainable Financing Initiative: USAID Program Statement

2 Cassava Improvement through Regional R. Asiedu, A.G.O. Dixon, S.Y.C Ng, Collaborative Research and I. Kasele, IITA

3 Coalition for Change: A Framework for Action for Joint Initiative of the Conference of Improving Technology Development and Transfer Ministers and of SPAAR in the Humid and Subhumid Zones of West and Central Africa

4 Compte Rendu des Activities Relatives au Theme Laboratoire de Recherches Sante Animale Veterinaires et Zootechniques de Farcha, Republic du Tchad

5 Coordination of Research Issues, Experience, and Howard Elliott, ISNAR Lessons from Outside Africa

6 CORAF Charter Governing the Networks and the CORAF Base-Centres Amended Version / Charte des Reseaux et Bases Centres Amendee

7 Evolution du Programme Economie des Filieres Bakary Sekou Coulibaly and Bino de l’IER: Une Contribution a la Planification Teme Strategique de la Recherche Agricole

8 Groupe Thematique Forets: Resume des Activities A. Moutanda

9 Impact Assessment of the SAFGRAD Commodity John H. Sanders, Taye Bezuneh, and Networks Alan C. Schroeder

10 The Impact of Agricultural Research in West and William A. Masters and John H. Central Africa: Concepts and Evidence Sanders

11 The Impact of Agricultural Technology in USAID Sub-Saharan Africa: A Synthesis of Symposium Findings, ARTS Technical Paper No. 3 /

10 L’Impact de la Technologie Agricole en Afrique Sub-Saharienne: Une Synthese des Decouverts du Symposium, ARTS Document Technique No. 3F

12 Initiative pour la Relance de aa Recherche CORAF Agricole en Afrique Occidentale et Centrale: Contribution de la CORAF

13 Initiative pour Promouvoir la Regionalisation de Ndiaga Mbaye, CORAF la Recherche en Afrique de l’Ouest et du Centre: L’Experience de la CORAF

14 The Maize Network for West and Central Africa B. Badu-Apraku, IITA (WECAMAN)

15 Planning Regional Research Collaboration: Akinwunmi Adesina, WARDA The Task Force Mechanism of the West Africa Rice Development Association

16 Politiques de Recherche Agricole au Sahel: Josue Dione, INSAH Developpement et Transfert de Technologies Dans un Environnement en Mutation Rapide—Rapport General

17 Regional Collaborative Research Program in Food Josue Dione, INSAH Security at the Institute du Sahel

18 Review of the West and Central Africa Sorghum S.K. Debrah, ICRISAT Research Network (WCASRN), (1985–1994)

19 A Regional Strategy for Trade and Growth in J. Dirck Stryker West Africa

20 Scientific Evolution of CORAF: Working Document / CORAF Evolution Scientifique de la CORAF: Document de Travail

21 Statement from Prof. J. A. Ekpere, Executive J. A. Ekpere Secretary, Scientific, Technical and Research Commission of the Organization of African Unity (OAU/STRC), Lagos, Nigeria, to the SPAAR Workshop on Regionalization of Research in West andCentral Africa: March 14–16, 1994, Banjul, The Gambia

11 22 Strategic Framework for Agricultural Recovery and Conference of the Ministers of Growth in the CMA/WCA Member Countries Agriculture on West and Central Africa (CMA/WCA)

23 Strengthening African Research Capacity: SPAAR’s SPAAR Secretariat Perspective

24 Sustainable Animal Agriculture in Sub-Saharan E. A. Olaloku and M. Sall, ILCA Africa: A Collaborative Research Networking Approach

25 Towards a Sustainable Future for Africa: Improved USAID Natural Resources Management under the Development Fund for Africa, 1987 to 1993, ARTS Technical Paper No. 5

12 Annex B List of Participants / Liste des Participants

National Agricultural Research Systems (NARS) Cameroon

Benin Mr. David Mbah Akuro Directeur de la Valorisation et de Mr. Georges Agbahungba l’Appui au Développement DRA Ministère de la Recherche Scientifique et B.P. 031649 Technique Cotonou, Bénin B.P. 1457 T: 229-301451 Yaoundé, Cameroun F: 229-300326 T: 237-236043 F: 237-235467 Burkina Faso Mr. The Charles Mr. Celestin Belem IRA Directeur B.P. 2067 Institut d’Etudes et de Recherches Agricoles Yaoundé, Cameroon (INERA) T: 237-223022 03 B.P. 7192 F: 237-225924 Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso T: 226-340269/70 Mr. Joseph Ekorong a Moute F: 226-340271 IRA B P 33 Mr. Yacouba Sere Maroua, Cameroon Phytopathologiste T: 237-292458 Chef du Programme riz F: 237-292976 INERA-Farako - BA B.P. 910 Cape Verde Bobo-Dioulasso, Burkina Faso T: 226-982329 Mr. Silva Carlos F: 226-970960 National Institute for Agrarian Research and Development (INDIA) Mr. Saidou Bonkoungou Caixa Postal 84 Phytopathologiste Praia, Cape Verde INERA T: 238-711147 B.P. 7192 F: 238-711133 Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso T: 226-340269/70 Central African Republic F: 226-340271 Mr. G. Assas Mbilaut Directeur Général ICRA B P 122 Bangui-Lakouanga, République Centre Afrique T: 236-616775 F: 236-616637

13 Chad Mr. Gérard B. Boukambou Vice Président Mr. Abbe Mady Dabbeye AGRISUD/AGRICONGO Directeur de la Recherche et de la Technologie 17 Route De Lassi Jean Agricole 33760 Ministère du Développement Rural Frontenac-France B.P. 441 T: 33-1-3970 3799 N’Djamena, Chad F: 33-1-5623 5073 T: 235-514801 F: 235-511919 Côte d’Ivoire

Mr. Idriss Alfaroukh Mr. Koffi Goli Directeur du Directeur Général Laboratoire de FARCHA IDESSA B. P. 433 B.P. 633 Njamena, Tchad Bouake 01, Côte d’Ivoire T: 235-512476 T: 225-633526/633139/632044 F: 235-513302 F: 225-632045

Congo Mr. Bakary Ouayogode Directeur des Programmes de Recherche Mr. Maurice Onanga Ministère de la Recherche Scientifique et de l’EPT Président de la CORAF B.P. V151 Directeur Général de la Recherche Scientifique et Abidjan, Côte d’Ivoire Technique (DGRST) T: 225-213620 B.P. 2499 F: 225-226294 Brazzaville, Congo T: 242-810607 Mr. Ludovic N’Cho Achiayel F: 242-823977 IDESSA B.P. 633 Mr. Joseph Mabanza Bouake 01, Côte d’Ivoire DGRST T: 225-633526 B.P. 181 F: 225-632065/632045 Brazzaville, Congo F: 242-832977 Gabon

Mr. Antoine Mountanda Ms. Adèle Sambo CNRF Directeur Adjoint de l’IRAF B.P. 764 B.P. 2246 Pointe Noire, Congo Libreville, Gabon T: 242-940575 T: 241-732375 F: 242-944721 F: 241-731629

Mme. Rodriguez Andriamasy Annick The Gambia DGRST/CERAG B. P. 2499 Mr. Baboucar Manneh Brazzaville, Congo Deputy Director T: 242-810607 Department of Agricultural Services F: 242-944721 Bakau, Cape Saint Mary, The Gambia T: 220-495038 F: 220-495413

14 Mr. M. M. Dabo Madagascar Acting Director Department of Agricultural Research Mr. François Rasolo Ministry of Agriculture Directeur Général Banjul, The Gambia FOFIFA T: 220-472876 B.P. 1690 F: 220-472875 Antananarivo, Madagascar

Mr. S. Sima Ms. Jacqueline Rakotoarisoa Research-Extension Liaison Programme Riz Department of Agricultural Services FOFIFA Ministry of Agriculture B.P. 1690 Banjul, the Gambia Antanarivo, Madagascar T: 220-472008 T: 261-225676/79 F: 220-472875 F: 261-225926

Ghana Mali

Mr. E. A. Addison Mr. Bakary Coulibaly Director Chef, Programme Economique, Sous-secteur des Crops Research Institute Produits P.O. Box 3785 Institut d’Economie Rurale (IER) Kumasi, Ghana B.P. 258 T: 233-516221 Bamako, Mali Tlx: 30BTH1036/3014BTH26GH T: 223-222606 F: 223-223775 Guinea Mr. Ntji Coulibaly Mr. Mamadou Saliou Diallo Chef, Programme Maize Directeur Général IER Institut de Recherche Agronomique (IRAG) B.P. 438 Bamako, Mali B.P. 4608 T: 223-226008 Conakry, Guinée F: 223-223775 T: 224-444262 F: 224-444978 Mr. Hamadi Dicko Telex: 22332 Secrétaire Permanent du Comité National de la Recherche Agronomique Guinea Bissau IER B.P. 258 Mr. Lourenco Abreu Bamako, Mali Coordonateur de la Recherche T: 223-226008 Institut National de Recherche Agraire F: 223-223775 B.P. 505 Bissau, Guinée Bissau Mr. Aboubacar Toure T: 245-213844 Sorghum Network Coordinator F: 245-201687 Station de Sotuba IER Mr. Simon Gomes B.P. 438 Institut National de Recherche Agraire Bamako, Mali B.P. 505 T: 223-223775 Bissau, Guinée Bissau T: 223-226008 T: 245-213844 F: 245-201687

15 Mauritania Rwanda

Mr. Mamadou Lamine Ba Mr. Pierre Nyabyenda Directeur Technique Directeur Scientifique Centre National de Recherche Agronomique et de ISAR Développement Agricole (CNRADA) B.P. 138 B.P. 22 Butare, Rwanda Kaedi, Mauritania T: 250-33311 F: 250-33312 Mr. Boubacar Cisse Diallo Directeur Sao Tome and Principe B.P. 167 CNERV Mr. Manuel Lima de Nazare Nouakchott, Mauritania Directeur T: 2222-52765 Centre Agro-alimentaire de Mesquita F: 2222-52803/54478 Ministère de l’Agriculture et du Développement Rural Niger Sao Tome et Principe R.D.S.T.P. T: 239-1-22480 Mr. Mamadou Ouattara F: 239-1-22357 Director General INRAN Senegal B.P. 429 Niamey, Niger Mr. Mohamadou El-Habib Ly T: 227-723434 Directeur Général F: 227-722144 Institut Sénégalais de Recherche Agricole (ISRA) B.P. 3120 Nigeria Dakar, Sénégal T: 221-210610 Mr. Yunus Yusufa F: 221-223413 Assistant General Manager Bank of the North Limited Headquarters Mr. Amadou Ba Ahmadu Bello House Institut Sénégalais de Recherche Agricole (ISRA) P.O. Box 211 B.P. 3120 Kano, Kano State, Nigeria Dakar, Sénégal T: 234-0646602909 ext. 357 T: 221-220374/212-425 F: 234-064664375 F: 221-735050

Mr. L.B. Olugbemi Mr. Honore Da Costa Director Maitre Assistant Institute of Agricultural Research (IAR) Un. Cheikh Anta Ahmadu Bello University Dakar, Sénégal P.M.B. 1044 T: 221-255569 Zaria, Kaduna State, Nigeria T: 234-6950571 Mr. Djibril Sene Président de la Commission du Développement Mr. K. Elemo Rural et de l’Hydraulique Chairman of Steering Committee B.P. 86 Sorghum Network Dakar, Sénégal IAR/ABU T: 221-235573 PMB 1044 F: 221-239172/222887 Zaria, Kaduna State, Nigeria T: 234-6950571

16 Mr. Alain Mbaye Mr. Adomefa Kossi Coodonnateur Programme Cultures Maraichères Coordonnateur Agr/CORAF CDH/ISRA Thème Amélioration Génétique et Reproduction Dakar, Sénégal Elevage T: 221-350610/352506 DNRA F: 221-350610 B.P. 1163 Lome, Togo Mr. Alassane Sere T: 228-210043 Directeur F: 228-218792 EISMV Tlx: 5303 CAMOLA TG BP 5007 Dakar, Sénégal Zaire F: 221-254283 Mr. Ndyanabo Masimango Mr. Georges Bray Président-Délégué Général Conseiller Scientifique Institut National pour l’Etude et la Recherche AUPELF.UREF Agronomique B.P. 10017 B.P. 2037 Liberté, Dakar Kinshasa, Zaire F: 221-253458 T: 24312-33332/33334 F: 24312-87115/03261 Sierra Leone

Mr. Mohamed T. Dahniya Donors Director Institute of Agricultural Research Belgium P.M.B. 540 Freetown, Sierra Leone Mr. Luc Sas T: 23222-223989/224921 CGIAR Offices, BADC F: 23222-224439/222179 Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Foreign Trade and Development Cooperation Mr. R.A.D. Jones Marsveldpleins, Box 57 Chief Executive 1050 Brussels, Belgium National Agricultural Research Coordinating T: 32-2-5190550 Council F: 32-2-5190585 Tower Hill, P.M.B. 1313 Freetown, Sierra Leone EEC T: 232-22222179/2222-2794 F: 23222-224439/222179 Mr. Alain Darthenucq Administrateur Scientifique Togo DG XII/B-4, Direction Générale pour le Développement de la Commission des Mr. Fouseni Adam Communautés Européennes Directeur 200, rue de la Loi DNRA Bruxelles 1049, Belgique B.P. 1163 T: 32-2-2953698 Lome, Togo F: 32-2-2966252 T: 228-252148 F: 228-218792

17 FAO Mr. Gary Cohen USAID/Gambia Mr. Gora Beye PMB 19 Kairaba Avenue Senior National Agricultural Research Officer Fajara (East) Agriculture Department Banjul, the Gambia Room NF-723, FAO T: 220-280533 Via delle Terme di Caracalla F: 220-280066 00100 Rome, Italy T: 396-52253037 Mr. Mawa Diop F: 396-5782610 Project Officer Agricultural Research France Agricultural and Natural Resources USAID/Senegal Mr. Roland Guis B.P. 49 Chargé de Mission pour la Recherche Agricole c/o American Embassy Ministère de la Coopération Dakar, Senegal 20, rue Monsieur 75700 Paris, France Mr. Michael Fuchs-Carsch T: 331-47830017 Agricultural Economist F: 331-45561331 USAID/AFR/SWA Department of State Netherlands Room 3491 Washington, D.C. 20523 USA Mr. Jan De Koning T: 202-647-8834 Agronomist F: 202-647-6032 Netherlands Embassy B.P. 3262 Mr. Jeff Hill Dakar, Sénégal USAID/AFR/ARTS/FARA T: 221-239483 1111 North 19th Street F: 221-217084 Room 210 Arlington, VA 22209 USA United Kingdom T: 703-235-3787 F: 703-235-3805 Mr. Sam Bickersteth Natural Resources Adviser Mr. Tadesse Kibreab Overseas Development Administration Agricultural Research Advisor 94 Victoria Street USAID London SW1E 5JL, United Kingdom Bamako, Mali T: 4471-9170434/0285 T: 223-223602 F: 4471-9170198/0652 F: 223-223933

USAID Ms. Carole Levin USAID/R&D/AGR/IARC Mr. Rob Bertram Department of State USAID/R&D/AGR/IARC SA-18 513 Department of State Washington, D.C. 20523-1809 USA SA-18 513 T: 703-875-4348 Washington, D.C. 20523-1809 USA F: 703-875-4394 T: 703-875-4070 F: 703-875-4394

18 Mr. William Masters IARCs and Other Organizations Department of Agricultural Economics Purdue University CGIAR Secretariat 1145 Krannert Bldg., Room 621 West Lafayette, IN 47907 USA Mr. Guy Rocheteau T: 317-494-4235/494-4191 CGIAR Secretariat F: 317-494-9176 The World Bank 1818 H Street, NW Ms. Millie Morton Washington, D.C. USA 20433 USAID/AFR/ARTS/FARA T: 202-4738934 1111 N. 19th Street, Room 210 F: 202-4738110 Arlington, VA 22209 USA T: 703-235-3827 CIRAD F: 703-235-3805 Mr. Michel de Nucé de Lamothe Mr. M. Moussie Directeur Général USAID/AFR/ARTS/FARA CIRAD 1111 North 19th Street, Room 210 42, Rue Scheffer Arlington, VA 22209 USA 75116 Paris, France T: 703-235-3803 T: 331-53702045 F: 703-235-3805 F: 331-47043005

Mr. Yves Prudencio Mr. Francois Vicariot USAID/Cote d’Ivoire DRE CIRAD B.P. 1712 42 rue Scheffer 5 Rue Jesse Owens Paris, France Abidjan, Côte d’Ivoire T: 33-1-53702000 T: 225-414530 F: 33-1-47043185 F: 225-413544 Mr. Jean Claude Follin Mr. Dirck Stryker CIRAD-CA AIRD B.P. 5035 55 Wheeler Street Montpellier, France Cambridge, MA 02138 T: 3367-615938 T: 617-864-7770 F: 3367-615832 F: 617-864-5386 Mr. C. Gaborel World Bank CIRAD-CA B.P. 5035 Mr. Jan Weijenberg 34032 Montpellier Cedex 1, France Principal Agriculturalist T: 3367-615999 World Bank, Africa Region F: 3367-615632 1818 H Street, N.W., Room J3-111 Washington, D.C., USA 20433 Mr. Maurice Izard T: 202-473-4108 Délégué du CIRAD F: 202-473-7916 B.P. 6483 Abidjan 01, Côte d’Ivoire T: 225-214368 F: 225-214368

19 Mr. Jean Le Marchand CMAWCA CIRAD-CA B.P. 5035 Mr. Baba Dioum 34032 Montpellier Cedex 1, France Conseiller Technique T: 3367-619970 Ministère du Développement Rural et de F: 3367-615632 l’Hydraulique B.P. 440 Mr. Alain Lemasson Dakar, Sénégal CIRAD-BMVT T: 221-234216 B.P. 5035 F: 221-237596 34032 Montpellier Cedex 1, France T: 3367-615938 CORAF F: 3367-615632 Mr. Ndiaga Mbaye Mr. Jean Louis Messager Secrétaire Exécutif CIRAD B.P. 3120 B.P. 6189 Dakar, Sénégal Dakar, Sénégal T: 221-255569 F: 221-255569 Mr. C. Poisson CIRAD-CA Ms. Binetou Ndir B.P. 5035 B.P. 3120 34032 Montpellier Cedex 1, France Dakar, Sénégal T: 3367-615999 T: 221-255569 F: 3367-615632 F: 221-255569

Mr. F. Noel Reyniers Ms. Aissatou Niang CIRAD-CA B.P. 3120 B.P. 5035 Dakar, Sénégal 34032 Montpellier Cedex 1, France T: 221-255569 T: 3367-615938 F: 221-255569 F: 3367-615632 CRTA Mr. Robert Schilling CIRAD-CA Mr. M. Saydil M. Touré B.P. 5035 Directeur 34032 Montpellier Cedex 1, France Centre de Recherches les Trypanosomoses T: 3367-615999 Animales (CRTA) F: 3367-615870 01 B.P. 454 Bobo-Dioulasso, Burkina Faso Mr. Jacques Teissier T: 226-972053/972287 Délégué du CIRAD F: 226-972320 01 B.P. 6483 Abidjan 01, Côte d’Ivoire FFA Task Force T: 225-221869/211625 F: 225-214368 Mr. Ajibola Taylor Director Research Program Design and Management ISNAR P.O. Box 93375 2509 AJ The Hague, The Netherlands T: 3170-3496100 F: 3170-3819677

20 Mr. Robert Ayling Mr. Idumbo N. Kasele Consultant, SPAAR Agronomist Breeder 2130 Milton Hills Drive Crop Improvement Division (CID) Charlottesville, Virginia, USA 22902 Tuber and Root Improvement Program T: 804-293-2909 IITA F: 804-293-2909 Oyo Road PMB 5320 ICRAF Ibadan, Nigeria T: 234-22 400300-319 Ext. 2343 Mr. Edouard Bonkoungou F: 874-1772276 ICRAF/SALWA c/o OAU/SAFGRAD ILCA 01 B.P. 1783 Ouagadougou 01, Burkina Faso Mr. Moustapha Sall T: 226-306071/308500 Représentant Régional F: 226-311586 CIPEA POUR L’A O/C B P 60 ICRISAT Bamako, Mali

Mr. S.K. Debrah Mr. E Olaloku ICRISAT Country Representative ILCA B.P. 320 Coordinator, Cattle Research Network Bamako, Mali Animal Production Research T: 223-223375 P.O. Box 5689 F: 223-228683 Addis Ababa, Ethiopia T: 2511-613215 IITA F: 2511-611892

Mr. Badu-Apraku INRA Coordinator of the Maize Network IITA Mrs. Andrée Sontot P.M.B. 5320 Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique Ibadan, Nigeria (INRA) T: 234-22400300 147 Rue de l’Université F: 874-1772276 75338 Paris, Cedex 07, France T: 331-42759250 Mr. Jacques Eckebil F: 331-42759377 Deputy Director General International Cooperation Division INSAH IITA P.M.B. 5320 Mr. M. S. Sompo-Ceesay Ibadan, Nigeria Directeur Général T: 234-22400300/319 INSAH F: 874-1772276 B.P. 1530 Bamako, Mali T: 223-222148 F: 223-222337

21 Mr. Josue Dione OAU / SAFGRAD Program Coordinator INSAH Mr. Taye Bezuneh B.P. 1530 Directeur de Recherche Bamako, Mali OAU/SAFGRAD T: 223-222148 01 B.P. 1783 F: 223-222337 Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso T: 226-306071 Mr. Netoyo Laomaibao F: 226-311586 Coordinateur R3S INSAH Mr. Johnson Ekpere B.P. 1530 Executive Secretary Bamako, Mali OAU/STRC T: 223-222148 PMB 2359 F: 223-222237 Lagos, Nigeria F: 234-1-2636093 ISNAR ORSTOM Mr. Howard Elliot Deputy Director General Mr. Guy Hainaux ISNAR Directeur de Recherche P.O. Box 93375 ORSTOM 2509 AJ The Hague, The Netherlands B.P. 5045 T: 317-03496100 Montepellier, France F: 317-03819677 T: 331-67617505 F: 331-67547800 Mr. Jean-François Merlet Associate Officer Mr. Jean Albergel ISNAR Chef Departement Hydrologie P.O. Box 93375 ORSTOM 2509 AJ The Hague, The Netherlands B.P. 1386 T: 317-03496100 Dakar, Sénégal F: 317-03819677 T: 221-323480 F: 221-324307 ITC WARDA Mr. Leo Dempfle Director General Mr. Eugene Terry International Trypanotolerance Centre Director General P.M.B. 14 West Africa Rice Development Association Banjul, The Gambia (WARDA) T: 220-462928/463423 01 B.P. 2551 F: 220-462924/463270 Bouake, Côte d’Ivoire T: 225-632800 Mr. Bakary Touray F: 225-634714 International Trypanotolerance Centre P.M.B. 14 Mr. Peter Matlon Banjul, The Gambia Director of Research T: 220-462928/463423 West Africa Rice Development Association F: 220-462924 (WARDA) 01 B.P. 2551 Bouake, Côte d’Ivoire T: 225-633242 F: 225-634714

22 SPAAR Ms. Antonia Obeya Consultant Mr. Moctar Toure SPAAR Executive Secretary The World Bank SPAAR 1818 H Street, NW The World Bank Room No. J3-008 1818 H Street, NW Washington, D.C. 20433 USA Room No. J3-089 T: 202-473-6711 Washington, D.C. 20433 USA F: 202-473-8231 T: 202-473-9008 F: 202-473-8231

23 Annex C Workshop Agenda

Workshop on Regionalization of Research in West and Central Africa, March 14–16, 1994 and CORAF Annual General Meeting March 17–18, 1994

KAIRABA HOTEL Banjul, The Gambia

Chairman: Moctar Toure

Facilitators: Millie Morton Robert Ayling Jan Weijenberg M S Diallo

Annotated Agenda

Objectives of the Workshop are: n Assess the opportunities for collaboration among the various initiatives promoting regionalization of research in West and Central Africa; n Develop a framework to increase the involvement and leadership of national research system policy makers in collaborative regional research program; n Develop a framework or forum to increase information exchange across borders and programs within the subregion; n Improve our understanding of the strategic directions that are being taken at the regional level to improve and sustain the flow of profitable and sustainable technology; and n Improve our understanding of what technology is available or in the pipeline at the regional level to increase agricultural productivity for selected commodity systems.

24 Monday, March 14

Session One: Initiatives Promoting Collaborative Regional Research Approaches in West and Central Africa

Objective: To review initiatives promoting collaborative regional research in West and Central Africa in order to identify strengths, weaknesses, and areas where cooperation can be achieved.

Moderator: Djibrill Sene

8:00–8:15 Introductory Remarks, Moctar Toure 8:15–8:30 WCA Council of Ministers, Yunus Yusuf 8:30–8:45 Frameworks For Action, Moctar Toure 8:45–9:00 CGIAR Ecoregional Initiatives and Consortia, Eugene Terry 9:00–9:15 Collaborative Regional Research Networks, Jeff Hill 9:15–9:30 CORAF Research Networks, Ndiaga Mbaye 9:30 BREAK

Session Two: Regional Economic Integration and Implications for Research

Objective: To examine issues affecting regional economic integration and assess the implications for research.

Moderator: A. Dartenucq

(Presentations - 20 minutes; Questions and Answers - 10 minutes.)

11:00 Strategic Framework for Regional Collaborative Efforts in the Agricultural Sector, Baba Dioum. 11:30 The Macroeconomic Context for Regional Integration in West and Central Africa, Ousmane Badiane. 12:00 The Demand for Agricultural Products, Comparative Advantage and The Implications for Research Priorities, Dirck Stryker. 12:30–1:30 LUNCH

Session Three: Priority Setting

Objective: To review approaches to strategic planning relevant to establishing research priorities and linking regional and national objectives.

Moderator: J. Eckebil

(Presentations - 20 minutes; Questions and Answers - 10 minutes.)

1:30 Impacts of Research and Criteria for Priority Setting, William Masters

25 2:00 Commodity System (Subsector) Approaches to Strategic Planning, B. Caulibaly

Session Four:Approaches to Coordination of Regional Research Programs

Objective: To examine the governance and coordination mechanisms that have been used in WCA and other areas of the World to facilitate Collaborative Regional Research.

Moderator: Peter Matlon

2:30 Experience, Lessons and Issues With Mechanisms to Coordinate Regional Research Programs, Howard Elliot 3:00 Coordination of Regional Programs—Experience of and Needs for West and Central Africa, M.S. Sompo-Ceesay

Session Five: Opening Ceremony

3:30–5:00

Chairman: Hon. Omar Amadou Jallow, Minister of Agriculture

Arrival of Guests Arrival of Ministers and Members of the Diplomatic Corps Statement of Executive Secretary of SPAAR Statement of Chairman of CORAF Statement by USAID Representative Statement from Council of Ministers for West and Central Africa Statement from the Executive Secretary of OAU/STRC Official Address and formal Opening by His Excellency, The Vice President and Minister of Defence, Hon Alhajie Saihou Sabally

Tuesday, March 15

Session Four (cont.):Approaches to Coordination of Regional Research Programs

Objective: To examine the governance and coordination mechanisms that have been used in WCA and other areas of the World to facilitate Collaborative Regional Research.

Moderator: Peter Matlon

8:00 Experience, Lessons and Issues With Mechanisms to Coordinate Regional Research Programs, Howard Elliot 8:30 Coordination of Regional Programs—Experience of and Needs for West and Central Africa, M.S. Sompo-Ceesay 9:00 BREAK

26 Session Six: Developing Guidance For Collaborative Regional Research Programs in West and Central Africa

Objective: To develop guidance in support of collaborative regional research activities in West and Central Africa

Participants will be assigned to work in 4 Working Groups, to work in 4 thematic areas: n Governance & Coordination of Regional Programs, (Moderator: Gora Beye, Rap’teur: B. Ayling) n Institutional Mechanisms to fund and implement programs, (Moderator: H.Ly Rap’teur: J. Bickersteth) n Strategic Planning and Priority Setting, (Moderator: P. Matlon, Rap’teur: M. M. Dabo) n Technical Forum and Information Exchange, (Moderator: M. Onanga, Rap’teur: C. Y. Prudencio)

Instructions are provided on separate sheets. Each Working Group will report out during the lunch on Tuesday. Working Groups will be made up of a mix of NARS leaders, Donors, International and Regional Organization representatives, etc. (On Wednesday, participants will be organized in the following groups to respond to recommendations: NARS Directors; Donors; International and Regional Organizations.) Each Groups will have nearly four hours (from 8:15 am until noon) to complete discussions and summarize recommendations.

9:15 Introduction to Break-Out Sessions, Moctar Toure 9:30 Break-Out Sessions

Session Seven: (WORKING LUNCH) Thematic Working Group Reports

Objective: To share recommendations of each Working Group with all participants

Moderator: B. Ouayogode

NOON: WORKING LUNCH—SENEGAMBIA HOTEL MAIN RESTAURANT

Working Groups Report Out (Presentations - 10 minutes; Questions and Answers - 5 minutes.)

12:15 Group One Report 12:30 Group Two Report 12:45 Group Three Report 1:00 Group Four Report

27 Session Eight: The Humid and Subhumid Framework for Action

Objective: To obtain feedback on the preliminary Framework for Action for the Humid and Subhumid Zone of West and Central Africa.

Moderator: Guy Rocheteau

2:00 Humid and Subhumid Framework For Action, Abjibola Taylor 2:30 Linkages between the Sahel and Humid and Subhumid FFAs, M S Sompo-Ceesay 3:00 BREAK 3:15–5:00 Panel Response n K. Golli (Cote d’Ivoire) n M. Dahniya (Sierra Leone) n M. Quattara (Niger) n N. Massimongo (Zaire) n J. Eckebil (IITA) n H. Ly (Senegal)

Wednesday, March 16, 1994

Session Nine: Review of Regional Collaborative Research Programs

Objective: To share strategic plans and technical aspects from major collaborative regional research programs; and assess institutional characteristics of ongoing regional programs.

Moderator: Fouseni Adam

(Presentations - 30 minutes; Questions and Answers - 15 minutes.)

8:00 Food Security Presenter: J. Dione, Comment: CORAF 8:45 Maize Presenter: Badu-Apraku, Comment: The Charles 9:30 BREAK

Moderator: M. Dhaniya

9:45 Rice Presenter: P. Matlon, Comment: N’cho Achiayel 10:30 Sorghum Presenter: Debrah, Comment: Dicko 11:15 Cassava Presenter: IITA, Comment: Mobanza NOON WORKING LUNCH

28 Session Ten: Working Groups Review Recommendations (Working Lunch)

Objective: To provide a forum for various groups to work independently to review recommendations made during Tuesday’s lunch. Groups will be organized as follows: n NARS Directors and Network Coordinators (in JAMA HALL B) n Donors (in COMMITEE ROOM 1) n IARCs, Regional organizations, Universities (in COMMITTEE ROOM 2)

Each group will select its own Rapporteur. The groups will have one and one-half hours to discuss the recommendations and formulate a response. Reports will be made at the closing session for the day.

Session Nine (cont.): Review of Regional Collaborative Research Programs

Moderator: Soares

(Presentations - 30 minutes; Questions and Answers - 15 minutes.)

1:30 Livestock, Presenter: Olaloku, Comment: Al Faroukh 2:15 Agroforestry, Presenter: Bounkoungou, Comment: Mountanda 3:00 BREAK

Session Eleven: Conclusions and Followup Actions

Objectives: n To identify the strengths, complimentarities and benefits of the regional collaborative research programs discussed in session eight and identify prospects for integration and sharing. n To provide a forum for NARS Directors, Donors, and International Centers and Regional Organizations to clarify their positions regarding the recommendations presented.

Moderator: Saydil M. Toure

3:15 Panel Discussion on Network Presentations N. Mbaye T. Bezuneh E.A. Addison R. Bertram C. Belem 4:00 Luncheon Working Groups Report (Presentations - 10 minutes and 5 minutes Questions and Answers) 5:00 Followup Actions, Moctar Toure 5:30 CLOSING

29 Annex D Regional Programs Synopsis

Network: Implementing Agency Mangrove Swamp Rice Network National Agricultural Research Systems Countries Involved (NARS)

Guinea, Guinea Bissau, Nigeria, Sierra Leone, Financier The Gambia U.S. Agency for International Development Objectives

The general objectives of the network are: to Networks: consolidate the gains achieved from improved African Feed Resources Network rice varieties developed by the West Africa (AFRNET) Rice Development Association (WARDA) for Small Ruminants Research Network smallholders in mangrove environments; and (SRNET) to enhance the capacity of National Agricul- Cattle Research Network (CARNET) tural Research Systems (NARS) in the region to meet the need for sustainable increases in Countries Involved mangrove swamp rice production. The specific objectives of the network are: Africa-wide to characterize environments in order to facilitate targeting of improved rice technologies; Objectives and to develop well-adapted, high-yielding cul- tivars from segregating progenies. The overall objective of the three networks is to WARDA purifies and multiplies promising encourage the development of a strong, self- varieties and breeder seeds for distribution to sustaining, relevant and innovative research NARS, extension agencies, nongovernmental process in National Agricultural Research Sys- organizations (NGOs) and farmers. The six tems (NARS). Specifically, the networks seek countries in the network conduct varietal trials. to: (1) encourage collaborative, producer-oriented adaptive research within and between Start-Up Time NARS and regionally; (2) assist NARS to develop research methodologies; (3) assist NARS 1990 scientists in data collection, analysis, interpre- tation of research results, and reporting; (4) Coordinating Agency assist in the improvement of research-extension-user linkages; (5) facilitate the peer-re- West Africa Rice Development Association view process in the selection of projects with (WARDA) potential for impact; (6) facilitate training and information exchange; and (7) assist NARS in

30 obtaining adequate and sustained donor fund- Network: ing for program implementation. West and Central African Sorghum Network programs focus on three major Research Network (WCASRN) areas. Countries Involved n Collaborative Research Programs formulate and execute collaborative research de- Benin, Burkina Faso, Cameroon, Central Afri- signed to address the major constraints to can Republic, Cote d’Ivoire, The Gambia, sustainable animal agriculture in the exist- Ghana, Guinea, Guinea Bissau, Mali, ing production systems. Priority areas are Mauritania, Niger, Nigeria, Senegal, Sierra identified by NARS scientists at regional Leone, Chad, and Togo. meetings and biennial workshops. n Training and Information Exchange Pro- Objectives grams improve the competence of NARS scientists and technicians and facilitate sci- The overall objective of the network is to improve entific information exchange. Most NARS sorghum production in West and Central Africa in sub-Saharan Africa have a critical short- by concentrating on constraints having regional age of trained manpower. significance, and by linking national, regional, and n Outreach Activities promote producer par- international institutes to serve the region effec- ticipation in collaborative, on-farm research tively. The specific objectives are to (1) increase and expedite the transfer of improved tech- the production of sorghum; (2) assist and strengthen nology packages. Collaborative research national sorghum improvement programs, and programs usually involve producers in the contribute to their research in all agroecological testing and validation of technologies gen- semiarid zones; (3) develop improved varieties erated. Farm days and other outreach activi- and hybrids and agronomic/management practices ties give many farmers the opportunity to capable of giving higher and more stable economic observe the results of new technologies first- yields in the semiarid environments; (4) organize hand. and promote systematic regional testing of available and improved genetic material and technol- Coordinating Agency ogy in the semiarid zone; (5) facilitate the development of agricultural research manpower among International Livestock Centre for Africa (ILCA) West Africa nationals at all levels; and (6) organize regional workshops and monitor uniform yield Implementing Agency trials through field inspections. The activities of the network are organized National Agricultural Research Systems and implemented around seven main areas: train- (NARS) ing, regional trials and nurseries, research projects, monitoring tours, regional workshops, visits to Financier National Agricultural Research Systems (NARS), and steering committee meetings. International Livestock Center for Africa (ILCA) Start-Up Date

The network was conceived and approved in 1984. It became operational in 1985 when a steering committee was formed.

31 Coordinating Agency high returns to investments. The network has six components: collabo- International Centre for Research in Semi-Arid rative research projects, regionally oriented resi- Tropics (ICRISAT) dent research, regional trials, exchange of scientific information and technologies, impact Implementing Agency assessment, and human resources development. Lead centers generate technologies in partner- National Agricultural Research Systems ship with National Agricultural Research Systems (NARS) (NARS), which test and adapt technologies.

Financier Start-Up Time

U.S. Agency for International Development 1987

Coordinating Agency Network: The Maize Network for West and International Institute of Tropical Agriculture Central Africa (WECAMAN) (IITA)

Countries Involved Implementing Agency

The network encompasses the coastal and National Agricultural Research Systems Sahelien countries of West and Central Africa. (NARS) Because funding is limited, the network focuses on eight countries where maize is an important Financier staple: Nigeria, Cameroon, Benin, Togo, Ghana, Burkina Faso, Côte d’Ivoire, and Mali. U.S. Agency for International Development

Objectives Network: WECAMAN was created as one of four collabo- Collaborative Group on Root and Tuber rative networks under Phase II of the Semi-Arid Improvement Systems Research Food and Grain Research and Development (CORTIS) (SAFGRAD) project. The network helps national maize programs in West and Central Africa de- Countries Involved velop appropriate technologies. It aims to increase productivity, production, and income by extend- Coastal West Africa ing appropriate technologies to farmers. National extension services, other parastatal extension agen- Objectives cies, and nongovernmental organizations (NGOs) work with farmers in the respective member coun- CORTIS focuses on: (1) exchange and develop- tries. The network focuses on the savanna zone, ment of germplasm for improved cassava variet- where over 50 percent of maize is produced in the ies (to be evaluated by National Agricultural Re- subregion. In the savanna, where rainfall is opti- search Systems and refined under local conditions); mum, sunshine is adequate, and few disease prob- (2) exchange of information through published lems exist, maize has considerable potential for bulletins and annual collaborators’ meetings

32 (evaluation of research results, standardization of decision makers at the national and regional procedures, assessment of new research needs, and levels in order to improve the quality and flow planning of future collaborative research); and (3) of information necessary for policy formulation development of human resources through group and implementation on food security; (2) im- or individualized degree and nondegree training. prove training of Sahelian researchers in research methods applicable to food security poli- Start-Up Time cies and strategies; (3) promote a concerted design and implementation of evolutionary stud- CORTIS was established in 1991 as an amal- ies on food security issues of regional interest gamation of two previous collaborative arrange- by Sahelian researchers; and (4) disseminate ments between the International Institute of research results on food security policies and Tropical Agriculture (IITA) and African Na- strategies to researchers and decision makers. tional Agricultural Research Systems. Goal Coordinating Agency Contribute to the improvement of food security International Institute of Tropical Agriculture for the Sahelian populations by strengthening (IITA) the endogenous capacities of national research systems to conduct studies and disseminate in- Implementing Agency formation relevant to food security policies and strategies in the Sahel. National Agricultural Research Systems (NARS) in West Africa; IITA Activities

Financier The activities of the program would include (1) dialog/cooperation between researchers, and IITA between researchers and decision makers; (2) training of researchers in research methods; and (3) promotion of concerted studies in the NARS. Network: Regional Collaborative Research Coordinating Agency Program in Food Security at the Institute of Sahel Institute du Sahel (INSAH)

Countries Involved Implementing Agency

Sahel countries INSAH; Michigan State University

Objectives Financier

(1) Promote dialog between researchers and U.S. Agency for International Development

33 34

U.S. Agency for International Development Bureau for Africa Office of Sustainable Development Productive Sector Growth and Environment Division Room 2744 NS Washington, DC 20523-0089