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235 Genus Pseudathyma Staudinger AFROTROPICAL BUTTERFLIES 17th edition (2018). MARK C. WILLIAMS. http://www.lepsocafrica.org/?p=publications&s=atb Genus Pseudathyma Staudinger, 1891 Deutsche Entomologische Zeitschrift, Iris 4: 90 (61-157). Type-species: Pseudacraea sibyllina Staudinger, by monotypy. The genus Pseudathyma belongs to the Family Nymphalidae Rafinesque, 1815; Subfamily Limenitidinae Behr, 1864; Tribe Adoliadini Doubleday, 1845; Subtribe Bebearina Hemming, 1960. The other genera in the Subtribe Bebearina in the Afrotropical Region are Evena, Aterica, Pseudargynnis, Cynandra, Eutyphura, Euryphaedra, Euryphurana, Harmilla, Euphaedra, Euriphene, Bebearia and Euptera. Pseudathyma (False Sergeants) is an Afrotropical genus containing 14 species. Generic revision by Libert et al., 2002. Relevant literature: Amiet & Libert, 2002 [Biogeography]. Libert et al., 2002 [Generic revision]. P. sibyllina group P. sibyllina subgroup *Pseudathyma sibyllina (Staudinger, 1890) Sibylline False Sergeant Pseudacraea sibyllina Staudinger, 1890. Deutsche Entomologische Zeitschrift, Iris 3: 338 (337-338). Pseudathyma sibyllina (Staudinger, 1890). Ackery et al., 1995. Type locality: Sierra Leone. Neotype (male): Sierra Leone (Preuss). Neallotype (female): Bayota Forest, Gagnoa, Ivory Coast, VI 1966 (T.H.E. Jackson) (Both designated by Libert et al., 2002). Neotype (male) in N.H.M., London and neallotype (female) in N.M.K., Nairobi. 1 Distribution: Guinea, Sierra Leone, Liberia, Ivory Coast, Ghana, Nigeria. Distribution: Guinea, Sierra Leone, Liberia, Ivory Coast, Ghana, Nigeria. Specific localities: Guinea – Djeke (Libert et al., 2002); Mount Nimba (Libert et al., 2002); Seredou (Libert et al., 2002). Sierra Leone – Guma Valley (Libert et al., 2002); Loma Mountains (Libert et al., 2002). Liberia – Wanau Forest (Libert et al., 2002). Ivory Coast – Alepe (Libert et al., 2002); Banco (Libert et al., 2002); Bayota (Libert et al., 2002); Issia (Libert et al., 2002); Tiassale (Libert et al., 2002); Yapo (Libert et al., 2002). Ghana – Asin Foso (Libert et al., 2002); Kakum (Libert et al., 2002); Kibi (Libert et al., 2002); Konongo (Libert et al., 2002); Kumasi (Libert et al., 2002); Sagamase (Libert et al., 2002); Bobiri Butterfly Sanctuary (Larsen et al., 2007); Boabeng-Fiema Monkey Sanctuary (Larsen et al., 2009). Nigeria – Ikom (Libert et al., 2002); Umuhaia (Libert et al., 2002). Habitat: Forest. Habits: Usually flies high up and so is rarely seen (Larsen, 2005a). Early stages: Nothing published. Larval food: Nothing published. *Pseudathyma callina (Grose-Smith, 1898) Calline False Sergeant Neptis callina Grose-Smith, 1898. Annals and Magazine of Natural History (7) 1: 246 (245-246). Pseudathyma callina (Grose-Smith, 1898). Ackery et al., 1995. 2 Pseudathyma callina. Female. Left – upperside; right – underside. Isombo, Ikelenge, N.W. Province, Zambia. 12:III:76. A. Heath. (From a photograph of a specimen donated to the Natural History Museum, London). Type locality: Cameroon: “Cameroons”. Neallotype (male): Zamakoe, Cameroon, 31 X 1988 (M. Libert) (Designated by Libert et al., 2002). Holotype (female) in the N.H.M., London. Neallotype (male) in the M.N.H.N., Paris. Distribution: Nigeria, Cameroon, Gabon, Congo, Central African Republic, Democratic Republic of Congo, Zambia Distribution: Nigeria, Cameroon, Gabon (Libert, 2005c), Congo, Central African Republic, Democratic Republic of Congo, Zambia (north-west). Specific localities: Nigeria – Ikom (Libert et al., 2002); Oban (Libert et al., 2002). Cameroon – Deng Deng (Libert et al., 2002); Masse (Libert et al., 2002); Sangmelima (Libert et al., 2002); Zamakoe (Libert et al., 2002). Gabon – Ipassa (Vande weghe, 2010). Congo – Mambili (Libert et al., 2002); Ngundo (Libert et al., 2002). Central African Republic – Bangui (Libert et al., 2002); Lobaye (Libert et al., 2002); Maboke (Libert et al., 2002). Democratic Republic of Congo – Bangupa (Libert et al., 2002); Bunia (Libert et al., 2002); Kafakumba (Libert et al., 2002); Kapanga (Libert et al., 2002); Katako-Kombe (Libert et al., 2002); Kisangani (Libert et al., 2002); Mbandaka (Libert et al., 2002). Zambia – Ikelenge (Heath); 80 km south of Mwinilunga (Fisher) (Heath et al., 2002); Isombo, Ikelenge (female illustrated above). Habitat: Forest. Habits: A rare species (Larsen, 2005a). Early stages: Nothing published. Larval food: Nothing published. *Pseudathyma cyrili Chovet, 2002 Pseudathyma cyrili Chovet, 2002. In: Libert, Chovet & Collins, 2002. Revision des Euptera et Pseudathyma (Lepidoptera, Nymphalidae). A.B.R.I. & Lambillionea: 128 (1-177). Type locality: Central African Republic: “Bangui, R.C.A., VIII 1991”. Allotype (female): same data as holotype. Holotype (male) and allotype (female) in the M.N.H.N., Paris. 3 Etymology: Dedicated to Cyril Chovet. Distribution: Cameroon, Central African Republic, Congo, Democratic Republic of Congo, Uganda, Tanzania. Distribution: Cameroon, Central African Republic, Congo, Democratic Republic of Congo, Uganda, Tanzania. Specific localities: Cameroon – Bitje (Libert et al., 2002); Kalo (Libert et al., 2002); Kumilia (Libert et al., 2002); Lolodorf (Libert et al., 2002); Makak (Libert et al., 2002); Mambioko (Libert et al., 2002); Masse (Libert et al., 2002); Meyila (Libert et al., 2002); Mount Kala (Libert et al., 2002); Nkolesse (Libert et al., 2002); Mbalmayo (Libert et al., 2002). Central African Republic – Bangui (TL) Congo – Etoumbi (Libert et al., 2002); Goumina (Libert et al., 2002); Kelle (Libert et al., 2002). Democratic Republic of Congo – Beni (Libert et al., 2002); Epulu (Libert et al., 2002); Kafakumba (Libert et al., 2002); Kamba (Libert et al., 2002); Kambasa River (Libert et al., 2002); Kiputu (Libert et al., 2002); 127 km E. of Kisangani (Libert et al., 2002); Kinshasa (Libert et al., 2002); Kole (Libert et al., 2002); Lake Tumba (Libert et al., 2002); Luena (Libert et al., 2002); Mapimbi (Libert et al., 2002); Medje (Libert et al., 2002); Mbandaka (Libert et al., 2002); Mongbwala (Libert et al., 2002); Mount Hoyo (Libert et al., 2002); Paulis (Libert et al., 2002); Sandoa (Libert et al., 2002); Toya Kole (Libert et al., 2002); Tshipasa (Libert et al., 2002). Uganda – Budongo (Libert et al., 2002); Kalinzu (Libert et al., 2002); Katera (Libert et al., 2002). Tanzania – Minziro Forest (Libert et al., 2002). Habitat: Forest. Early stages: Nothing published. Larval food: Nothing published. P. falcata subgroup *Pseudathyma falcata Jackson, 1969 Falcate False Sergeant Pseudathyma falcata Jackson, 1969. Journal of Natural History 3: 493 (493-496). Type locality: Ivory Coast: “Côte d’Ivoire, Gagnoa, Bayota Forest, VI 1966 (T.H.E. Jackson)”. Allotype 4 (female): Tiassale, Abidjan, Ivory Coast, X 1965 (T.H.E. Jackson). Holotype (male) and allotype (female) in N.H.M., London. Distribution: Guinea, Ivory Coast, Ghana, Nigeria. Distribution: Guinea (Libert, 2005c), Ivory Coast, Ghana, Nigeria. Specific localities: Ivory Coast – Bayota Forest, Gagnoa (TL); Abengourou (Libert et al., 2002); Agboville (Libert et al., 2002); Alepe (Libert et al., 2002); Issia (Libert et al., 2002); Lamto (Libert et al., 2002); Tiassale (Libert et al., 2002). Ghana – Accra (Libert et al., 2002); Amedzofe (Libert et al., 2002); Asenanyo (Libert et al., 2002); Kakum (Libert et al., 2002); Kibi (Libert et al., 2002); Konango (Libert et al., 2002); Likpe (Libert et al., 2002); Tinto Bepo (Libert et al., 2002); Wli Falls (Larsen, 2005a); Bobiri Butterfly Sanctuary (Larsen et al., 2007). Nigeria – Gambari Forest (Libert et al., 2002); Ibadan (Libert et al., 2002); Ikom (Libert et al., 2002); Ilaro (Libert et al., 2002); Lagos (Libert et al., 2002); Omuo (Libert et al., 2002). Habitat: Forest. Habits: This butterfly is rarely encountered (Larsen, 2005a). A pair, with their legs intertwined, fell in front of Larsen on a forest path and were picked up in his fingers (Larsen, 2005a); presumably this was a courting couple. Similar behaviour was noted in Euptera elabontas (Larsen, 2005a: 436). Males are sometimes seen mudpuddling (Larsen, 2005a). Early stages: Nothing published. Larval food: Nothing published. jocqueana Hecq, 1990 (as sp. of Pseudathyma). Lambillionea 90 (2): 39 (39-41). Ivory Coast: “Cote d’Ivoire”. Syn nov. Libert, Chovet & Collins, 2002: 129. P. plutonica subgroup *Pseudathyma plutonica Butler, 1902 Pseudathyma plutonica Butler, 1902. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1902: 48 (44-51). Type locality: Uganda: “Toro, VI 1900 (H. Johnston)”. Neallotype (female): Entebbe (Designated by 5 Libert et al., 2002). Holotype (male) and neallotype (female) in N.H.M., London. Diagnosis: Similar to Pseudathyma lucretioides but forewing discal spot in space 3 much shorter than other discal spots; subapical white streaks poorly developed; male whitish to cream (not yellowish); margin less indented (Kielland, 1990d). Distribution: Democratic Republic of Congo, Uganda, Kenya [ssp. plutonica – red dots] Tanzania [ssp. expansa – green dot] Democratic Republic of Congo [ssp. shaba – blue dot] Distribution: Democratic Republic of Congo, Uganda, Kenya, Tanzania. Habitat: Forest. Habits: Usually flies high up in the trees, where males defend territories from favoured perches (Congdon & Collins, 1998). Both sexes occasionally descend to sun themselves on leaves lower down or even on the ground and are then extremely wary (Larsen, 1991c). Males come down to mud puddle and females can be observed settling low down on riverine vegetation. Both sexes are attracted to fermenting fruit (Kielland, 1990d). Larsen (1991) once noted a pair spiralling down
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