If Old Napalm Sticks to Kids, What About New Napalm?
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Wildland Fire Incident Management Field Guide
A publication of the National Wildfire Coordinating Group Wildland Fire Incident Management Field Guide PMS 210 April 2013 Wildland Fire Incident Management Field Guide April 2013 PMS 210 Sponsored for NWCG publication by the NWCG Operations and Workforce Development Committee. Comments regarding the content of this product should be directed to the Operations and Workforce Development Committee, contact and other information about this committee is located on the NWCG Web site at http://www.nwcg.gov. Questions and comments may also be emailed to [email protected]. This product is available electronically from the NWCG Web site at http://www.nwcg.gov. Previous editions: this product replaces PMS 410-1, Fireline Handbook, NWCG Handbook 3, March 2004. The National Wildfire Coordinating Group (NWCG) has approved the contents of this product for the guidance of its member agencies and is not responsible for the interpretation or use of this information by anyone else. NWCG’s intent is to specifically identify all copyrighted content used in NWCG products. All other NWCG information is in the public domain. Use of public domain information, including copying, is permitted. Use of NWCG information within another document is permitted, if NWCG information is accurately credited to the NWCG. The NWCG logo may not be used except on NWCG-authorized information. “National Wildfire Coordinating Group,” “NWCG,” and the NWCG logo are trademarks of the National Wildfire Coordinating Group. The use of trade, firm, or corporation names or trademarks in this product is for the information and convenience of the reader and does not constitute an endorsement by the National Wildfire Coordinating Group or its member agencies of any product or service to the exclusion of others that may be suitable. -
Napalm: Burning People Alive Apalm Was Invented at Harvard University in 1942
(5) Napalm: Burning People Alive apalm was invented at Harvard University in 1942. Kim Phuc said if she ever met the pilot who bombed her: N I would tell him we cannot change history, but we should try to do It is a jellied gas named after the naphthenic and palmitic acids good things for the present and for the future to promote peace. originally used in its manufacture. The mixture of gasoline, benzene and aluminum or polystyrene are housed in an aluminum casing. They use a trinitrotoluene (TNT) explosion to ig- nite white phosphorus which burns at high enough temperature to ignite the napalm. During the Vietnam war, na- palm B was developed. Polystyrene and benzene replaced the naphthenate and palmitate, while white phospho- rus was replaced by thermite. Napalm burns at more than 5,000 F°. It is used in firebombs and land mines dropped from planes or in Photo by Nick Ut Source: <www.mindfully.org/Plastic/Napalm-Recycled.htm> hand-held flamethrowers. Napalm has been used to burn down forests, vil- The Vietnam War: lages, cities and, of course, their in- erhaps more than any other napalm. Phan Thi Kim Phuc now lives habitants. It sticks to the skin and can P weapon used by the US in Viet- in Toronto. keep burning to the bone. Napalm fires nam, napalm came to publicly repre- Among the warplanes that are so intense they can asphyxiate peo- sent the horror, inhumanity and dropped napalm on Southeast Asians ple nearby by sucking the oxygen out criminality of that war. -
Forty-Two Years and the Frequent Wind: Vietnamese Refugees in America
FORTY-TWO YEARS AND THE FREQUENT WIND: VIETNAMESE REFUGEES IN AMERICA Photography by Nick Ut Exhibition Curator: Randy Miller Irene Carlson Gallery of Photography August 28 through October 13, 2017 A reception for Mr. Ut will take place in the Irene Carlson Gallery of Photography, 5:00 – 6:00 p.m. Thursday, September 21, 2017 Nick Ut Irene Carlson Gallery of Photography FORTY-TWO YEARS AND THE FREQUENT WIND: August 28 – October 13, 2017 VIETNAMESE REFUGEES IN AMERICA About Nick Ut… The second youngest of 11 siblings, Huỳnh Công (Nick) Út, was born March 29, 1951, in the village of Long An in Vietnam’s Mekong Delta. He admired his older brother, Huynh Thanh My, who was a photographer for Associated Press, and who was reportedly obsessed with taking a picture that would stop the war. Huynh was hired by the AP and was on assignment in 1965 when he and a group of soldiers he was with were overrun by Viet Cong rebels who killed everyone. Three months after his brother’s funeral, Ut asked his brother’s editor, Horst Faas, for a job. Faas was reluctant to hire the 15-year-old, suggesting he go to school, go home. “AP is my home now,” Ut replied. Faas ultimately relented, hiring him to process film, make prints, and keep the facility clean. But Ut wanted to do more, and soon began photographing around the streets of Saigon. "Then, all of a sudden, in 1968, [the Tet Offensive] breaks out," recalls Hal Buell, former AP photography director. "Nick had a scooter by then. -
Kim Phuc in Winnipeg for Peace Days
http://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/manitoba/girl-in-the-picture-brings-peace-message-to-winnipeg-1.1862521 'Girl in the picture' brings peace message to Winnipeg South Vietnamese forces follow terrified children, including 9-year-old Phan Thi Kim Phuc, center, as they run down Route 1 near Trang Bang, Vietnam, after an aerial napalm attack on suspected North Vietnamese troop positions on June 8, 1972. A Vietnamese Airforce bomber accidentally dropped its flaming napalm on South Vietnamese troops and civilians. (Associated Press/Nick Ut) Kim Phuc recalls her 14 month recovery in a Vietnamese hospital. (Teghan Beaudette/CBC) You may not know her name, or even anything about her, but chances are you’ve seen a photo of her in her most vulnerable moment. Kim Phuc is known worldwide as “the girl in the picture” after being photographed as a child running naked in a small Vietnamese village after a napalm strike burned the clothes off of her body. The photo, taken by Nick Ut, is considered one of the most recognizable photos in the world. Phuc’s desperate face and burnt skin became the image of war, and years later, a catalyst for peace. Now, Phuc is an advocate for child victims of war and a symbol for peace. On Thursday, she stopped in Winnipeg to speak as part of the city’s Peace Days. The moments before the photo was taken Phuc was nine years old when the iconic photo was taken in 1972, in the midst of the Vietnam War. Days before, her family relocated from their home to a temple, believing it would be safer there, but, Phuc said, “in war time, nowhere is safe.” 'I wished the photo wasn’t taken the moment I saw it'- Kim Phuc, the 'girl in the picture' On the third day in the temple, south Vietnamese soldiers arrived to tell her family they needed to run. -
US Flamethrower Tanks of World War II Pdf Free Download
US FLAMETHROWER TANKS OF WORLD WAR II PDF, EPUB, EBOOK Steven Zaloga,Richard Chasemore | 48 pages | 22 Oct 2013 | Bloomsbury Publishing PLC | 9781780960265 | English | United Kingdom US Flamethrower Tanks of World War II PDF Book Afterwards Germany lacked resources for another offensive and the end was inevitable. How to Get Started With Welding. Battle of Narva: February—August The Germans had limited supplies and could only fight for few days to before fuel and ammunition ran out, so the offensive soon ran out of steam. Jennifer Rosenberg is a historian and writer who specializes in 20th-century history. ThoughtCo uses cookies to provide you with a great user experience. The siege claimed more than , Soviet lives in a single year alone due to starvation, disease, and shelling. After Anzio, the Germans occupied defensive positions known as the Winter Line, consisting of bunkers, barbed wire, minefields and ditches. Trapped, surrounded, and with German bombers raining explosives down on them, Russians soldiers surrendered in large numbers. Though the tank had been built larger and heavier, its engines were not updated which further reduced Churchill's already slow speed from 16 mph to More than a quarter of a million Russian soldiers were killed, injured, or captured, 10 times the number of German casualties. The Germans were pushed back by more than miles by January. By the end of the war more than 3, merchant ships had been sunk, as well as almost U-Boats. This content is created and maintained by a third party, and imported onto this page to help users provide their email addresses. -
Between Russia and Iran: Room to Pursue American Interests in Syria by John W
STRATEGIC PERSPECTIVES 27 Between Russia and Iran: Room to Pursue American Interests in Syria by John W. Parker Center for Strategic Research Institute for National Strategic Studies National Defense University Institute for National Strategic Studies National Defense University The Institute for National Strategic Studies (INSS) is National Defense University’s (NDU’s) dedicated research arm. INSS includes the Center for Strategic Research, Center for the Study of Chinese Military Affairs, and Center for the Study of Weapons of Mass Destruction. The military and civilian analysts and staff who comprise INSS and its subcomponents execute their mission by conducting research and analysis, publishing, and participating in conferences, policy support, and outreach. The mission of INSS is to conduct strategic studies for the Secretary of Defense, Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff, and the unified combatant commands in support of the academic programs at NDU and to perform outreach to other U.S. Government agencies and the broader national security community. Cover: In the Gothic Hall of the Presidential Palace in Helsinki, Finland, President Donald Trump met with President Vladimir Putin on July 16, 2018, to start the U.S.-Russia summit. (President of Russia Web site/Kremlin.ru) Between Russia and Iran Between Russia and Iran: Room to Pursue American Interests in Syria By John W. Parker Institute for National Strategic Studies Strategic Perspectives, No. 27 Series Editor: Thomas F. Lynch III National Defense University Press Washington, D.C. January 2019 Opinions, conclusions, and recommendations expressed or implied within are solely those of the contributors and do not necessarily represent the views of the Defense Department or any other agency of the Federal Government. -
The Portuguese Colonial War: Why the Military Overthrew Its Government
The Portuguese Colonial War: Why the Military Overthrew its Government Samuel Gaspar Rodrigues Senior Honors History Thesis Professor Temma Kaplan April 20, 2012 Rodrigues 2 Table of Contents Introduction ..........................................................................................................................3 Before the War .....................................................................................................................9 The War .............................................................................................................................19 The April Captains .............................................................................................................33 Remembering the Past .......................................................................................................44 The Legacy of Colonial Portugal .......................................................................................53 Bibliography ......................................................................................................................60 Rodrigues 3 Introduction When the Portuguese people elected António Oliveira de Salazar to the office of Prime Minister in 1932, they believed they were electing the right man for the job. He appealed to the masses. He was a far-right conservative Christian, but he was less radical than the Portuguese Fascist Party of the time. His campaign speeches appeased the syndicalists as well as the wealthy landowners in Portugal. However, he never was -
Education About Asia Interview with John Dower
Handout (5 pages) Education About Asia Interview with John Dower Interviewed by Lynn Parisi MIT Professor John Dower has written numerous publications about modern Japanese history and US-Japan relations. Lynn Parisi is the director of the Program for Teaching East Asia at the University of Colorado Boulder. Lynn Parisi: John, thank you for doing a second interview for Education about Asia. Yours has been a major voice in the discourse on Hiroshima for many years, and we appreciate your contributions to this EAA special section marking the sixtieth anniversary of the atomic bombings. Since the early postwar period, much of American discourse regarding Hiroshima has been framed by the question of whether the bomb was necessary, a discussion revisited in this issue of EAA. Because lessons on the “decision to drop the bomb” are a staple of many American history classrooms, this enduring controversy seems a good place to begin our conversation. Briefly, can you discuss how the dialogue over this question has evolved over time? Why has this question persisted in academic and public debate? John Dower: Immediately after WWII, it was understandably argued that the bombs were necessary to end the war quickly—that is, without dropping the bombs in August 1945, the United States would have had to invade Japan, at an enormous cost in American lives. Thus the famous phrase: “Thank God for the atomic bomb.” Then, people added to this that the bombs didn’t just save American lives, they saved Japanese lives as well because invasion would have meant enormous losses in Japan. -
Saddam Hussein's Use of Nerve Gas on Civilians at Halabja
James Madison University JMU Scholarly Commons Senior Honors Projects, 2010-current Honors College Spring 2019 A war of frustration: Saddam Hussein’s use of nerve gas on civilians at Halabja (1988) and the American response Christopher Huber Follow this and additional works at: https://commons.lib.jmu.edu/honors201019 Part of the Islamic World and Near East History Commons, Military History Commons, and the United States History Commons Recommended Citation Huber, Christopher, "A war of frustration: Saddam Hussein’s use of nerve gas on civilians at Halabja (1988) and the American response" (2019). Senior Honors Projects, 2010-current. 683. https://commons.lib.jmu.edu/honors201019/683 This Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by the Honors College at JMU Scholarly Commons. It has been accepted for inclusion in Senior Honors Projects, 2010-current by an authorized administrator of JMU Scholarly Commons. For more information, please contact [email protected]. A War of Frustration: Saddam Hussein’s Use of Nerve Gas on Civilians at Halabja (1988) and the American Response _______________________ An Honors College Project Presented to the Faculty of the Undergraduate College of Arts and Letters James Madison University _______________________ by Christopher Brian Huber May 2019 Accepted by the faculty of the Department of History, James Madison University, in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the Honors College FACULTY COMMITTEE: HONORS COLLEGE APPROVAL: Project Advisor: Raymond M. Hyser , PhD Bradley R. Newcomer, PhD., Professor, History Dean, Honors College Reader: Philip D. Dillard, PhD Professor, History Reader: John J. Butt, PhD Professor, History PUBLIC PRESENTATION This work is accepted for presentation, in part or in full, at MadRush on March 16, 2019. -
Reunification of Cyprus: the Op Ssibility of Peace in the Wake of Past Failure Benjamin M
Cornell International Law Journal Volume 34 Article 5 Issue 2 2001 Reunification of Cyprus: The oP ssibility of Peace in the Wake of Past Failure Benjamin M. Meier Follow this and additional works at: http://scholarship.law.cornell.edu/cilj Part of the Law Commons Recommended Citation Meier, Benjamin M. (2001) "Reunification of Cyprus: The osP sibility of Peace in the Wake of Past Failure," Cornell International Law Journal: Vol. 34: Iss. 2, Article 5. Available at: http://scholarship.law.cornell.edu/cilj/vol34/iss2/5 This Note is brought to you for free and open access by Scholarship@Cornell Law: A Digital Repository. It has been accepted for inclusion in Cornell International Law Journal by an authorized administrator of Scholarship@Cornell Law: A Digital Repository. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Reunification of Cyprus: The Possibility of Peace in the Wake of Past Failure Benjamin M. Meier* Introduction ..................................................... 455 I. Background .............................................. 457 A. Establishment of the Republic of Cyprus ............... 457 B. Failure of the Republic ................................ 460 C. Turkish Invasion of Cyprus ............................ 463 1. The Invasion ...................................... 463 2. Justificationsfor the Invasion ....................... 464 D. Attempts at Reunification ............................. 465 II. Current State of the Republic of Cyprus ................... 468 III. Possibilities for Peace .................................... -
War, Women, Vietnam: the Mobilization of Female Images, 1954-1978
War, Women, Vietnam: The Mobilization of Female Images, 1954-1978 Julie Annette Riggs Osborn A dissertation submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy University of Washington 2013 Reading Committee: William J. Rorabaugh, Chair Susan Glenn Christoph Giebel Program Authorized to Offer Degree: History ©Copyright 2013 Julie Annette Riggs Osborn University of Washington Abstract War, Women, Vietnam: The Mobilization of Female Images, 1954-1978 Julie Annette Riggs Osborn Chair of the Supervisory Committee: William J. Rorabaugh, History This dissertation proceeds with two profoundly interwoven goals in mind: mapping the experience of women in the Vietnam War and evaluating the ways that ideas about women and gender influenced the course of American involvement in Vietnam. I argue that between 1954 and 1978, ideas about women and femininity did crucial work in impelling, sustaining, and later restraining the American mission in Vietnam. This project evaluates literal images such as photographs, film and television footage as well as images evoked by texts in the form of news reports, magazine articles, and fiction, focusing specifically on images that reveal deeply gendered ways of seeing and representing the conflict for Americans. Some of the images I consider include a French nurse known as the Angel of Dien Bien Phu, refugees fleeing for southern Vietnam in 1954, the first lady of the Republic of Vietnam Madame Nhu, and female members of the National Liberation Front. Juxtaposing images of American women, I also focus on the figure of the housewife protesting American atrocities in Vietnam and the use of napalm, and images wrought by American women intellectuals that shifted focus away from the military and toward the larger social and psychological impact of the war. -
Sanctuary Lost: the Air War for ―Portuguese‖ Guinea, 1963-1974
Sanctuary Lost: The Air War for ―Portuguese‖ Guinea, 1963-1974 Dissertation Presented in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree Doctor of Philosophy in the Graduate School of The Ohio State University By Matthew Martin Hurley, MA Graduate Program in History The Ohio State University 2009 Dissertation Committee: Professor John F. Guilmartin, Jr., Advisor Professor Alan Beyerchen Professor Ousman Kobo Copyright by Matthew Martin Hurley 2009 i Abstract From 1963 to 1974, Portugal and the African Party for the Independence of Guinea and Cape Verde (Partido Africano da Independência da Guiné e Cabo Verde, or PAIGC) waged an increasingly intense war for the independence of ―Portuguese‖ Guinea, then a colony but today the Republic of Guinea-Bissau. For most of this conflict Portugal enjoyed virtually unchallenged air supremacy and increasingly based its strategy on this advantage. The Portuguese Air Force (Força Aérea Portuguesa, abbreviated FAP) consequently played a central role in the war for Guinea, at times threatening the PAIGC with military defeat. Portugal‘s reliance on air power compelled the insurgents to search for an effective counter-measure, and by 1973 they succeeded with their acquisition and employment of the Strela-2 shoulder-fired surface-to-air missile, altering the course of the war and the future of Portugal itself in the process. To date, however, no detailed study of this seminal episode in air power history has been conducted. In an international climate plagued by insurgency, terrorism, and the proliferation of sophisticated weapons, the hard lessons learned by Portugal offer enduring insight to historians and current air power practitioners alike.