Native Milkweed (Asclepias) Species Common to Mississippi Asclepias Tuberosa Asclepias Amplexicaulis BUTTERFLY WEED CLASPING MILKWEED Patricia R

Total Page:16

File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb

Native Milkweed (Asclepias) Species Common to Mississippi Asclepias Tuberosa Asclepias Amplexicaulis BUTTERFLY WEED CLASPING MILKWEED Patricia R Native Milkweed (Asclepias) Species Common to Mississippi Asclepias tuberosa Asclepias amplexicaulis BUTTERFLY WEED CLASPING MILKWEED Patricia R. Drackett, Director The Crosby Arboretum, Mississippi State University Extension Service Assistant Extension Professor of Landscape Architecture Milkweeds are a major source of nectar Although the common orange-blooming for insects such as butterflies and A. tuberosa (Butterfly Weed) is well- beetles and are the larval food plants of known to gardeners, there are many Asclepias variegata – Asclepias lanceolata other native Asclepias species or veteran status. the monarch butterfly (Danaus WHITE MILKWEED ty, FEWFLOWER MILKWEED plexippus). At least 15 species of deserving of wider garden use. Some milkweeds (Asclepias spp.) are native species are becoming more widely to Mississippi. In order to support known, and increasingly available in the monarch populations and migrations, it nursery trade. By becoming acquainted is recommended that species native to with a property’s specific environmental the state be planted. Most Mississippi conditions, species best-suited to the milkweed species bloom from late site may then be selected. In general, Asclepias verticillata – Asclepias longifolia milkweeds native to moist or wetland spring through early summer, although WHORLED MILKWEED LONGLEAF MILKWEED some, such as A. lanceolata, persist habitats are easier to grow than those during the hot summer months. originating from dry sites. Native Asclepias Species Rare to Mississippi Asclepias michauxii Asclepias viridiflora MICHAUX’S MILKWEED GREEN COMET MILKWEED Asclepias hirtella Asclepias humistrata Asclepias obovata Asclepias purpurascens Asclepias rubra GREEN MILKWEED PINEWOODS MILKWEED PINELAND MILKWEED PURPLE MILKWEED RED MILKWEED Asclepias viridis Asclepias perennis GREEN ANTELOPEHORN Mississippi State University does not discriminate on the basis of race, color, religion, national origin, sex, age, disabili age, sex, origin, national religion, color, race, of State on does the not basis University discriminate Mississippi SWAMP MILKWEED All images, http://www.southeasternflora.com/, except image of Purple Milkweed, source: http://www.missouribotanicalgarden.org/PlantFinder/FullImageDisplay.aspx?documentid=32972 Southeastern Flora is an online resource to assist in identifying native or naturalized wildflowers in the SE United States. Easily identify trees, shrubs, vines, and herbaceous plants without knowing how to read a plant identification key..
Recommended publications
  • Bwsr Featured Plant Minnesota's Milkweeds
    BWSR FEATURED PLANT MINNESOTA’S MILKWEEDS Publication Date: 6‐1‐13 Milkweeds play a key role in wetlands, prairies, savannas and forests in Minnesota. The genus (Asclepias) is particularly important as a nectar and larval food source for a wide range of insect species. The best known example is the monarch butterfly whose larvae appear to feed only on milkweeds. Milkweeds have a unique pollination mechanism where pollen grains are enclosed in waxy sacs called “pollina” that attach to the legs of butterflies, moths, bees, ants and wasps and are then deposited in another milkweed flower if they step into a specialized anther opening. Most milkweeds are toxic to vertebrate herbivores due to cardiac glycosides that are in their plant cells. In addition to supporting insect populations, Butterfly Milkweed milkweeds also provide other landscape benefits due to their extensive root systems (sometimes deep roots, sometimes horizontal) that Photos by Dave Hanson decrease compaction, add organic material to the soil and improve unless otherwise stated water infiltration. Common milkweed is probably the best known milkweed species as it is found in all counties of the state and was included on some county prohibited noxious weed lists. The species was considered a common agricultural weed as its extensive root network made it difficult to remove from agricultural fields with cultivators. Now the species is effectively removed from genetically modified corn and soybean fields that are sprayed with herbicide. This practice has contributed to significant declines in milkweed species, with an estimated 58% decline in the Midwest between 1999 and 2010 and a corresponding 81% decline in monarch butterfly production (Pleasants & Oberhauser, 2013).
    [Show full text]
  • Asclepias Purpurascens L. Purple Milkweed
    Asclepias purpurascens L. purple milkweed State Distribution Photo by Michael R. Penskar Best Survey Period Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sept Oct Nov Dec Legal status: State threatened one or two additional umbels are present in the upper leaf axils. The individual flowers, which are usually Global and state rank: G4G5/S3 from 13-17 mm long, bear reflexed, purplish corolla lobes that are glabrous (smooth), pale purple hoods Family: Asclepiadaceae (milkweed family) (forming the corona) 5-7 mm long, and incurved flat horns that are shorter than the hood. The reproductive Total range: Asclepias purpurascens is found parts (filaments, anthers, and style) are fused into a principally in eastern North America, occurring from structure called the gynostegium. The fruit is a smooth New Hampshire south to Virginia and ranging west to follicle (a pod) filled with seeds attached to downy hairs Wisconsin, Iowa, Kansas, and Oklahoma. (coma) that aid in wind dispersal. State distribution: Purple milkweed is known from Asclepias purpurascens is often difficult to distinguish more than 60 occurrences in southern Michigan; thirty- from the very similar looking common milkweed, four of these records are derived from collections made Asclepias syriaca, which despite its unfortunate prior to 1930. This species is concentrated primarily Latin epithet is also a native milkweed. Overall, the in southeastern and southwestern Lower Michigan, leaves of A. purpurascens are more acute and less where it is known from 19 counties, with most counties predominately pinnately–veined (i.e. more strongly tallying only a single occurrence. Counties with the net-veined) than A.
    [Show full text]
  • Butterfly Plant List
    Butterfly Plant List Butterflies and moths (Lepidoptera) go through what is known as a * This list of plants is seperated by host (larval/caterpilar stage) "complete" lifecycle. This means they go through metamorphosis, and nectar (Adult feeding stage) plants. Note that plants under the where there is a period between immature and adult stages where host stage are consumed by the caterpillars as they mature and the insect forms a protective case/cocoon or pupae in order to form their chrysalis. Most caterpilars and mothswill form their transform into its adult/reproductive stage. In butterflies this case cocoon on the host plant. is called a Chrysilas and can come in various shapes, textures, and colors. Host Plants/Larval Stage Perennials/Annuals Vines Common Name Scientific Common Name Scientific Aster Asteracea spp. Dutchman's pipe Aristolochia durior Beard Tongue Penstamon spp. Passion vine Passiflora spp. Bleeding Heart Dicentra spp. Wisteria Wisteria sinensis Butterfly Weed Asclepias tuberosa Dill Anethum graveolens Shrubs Common Fennel Foeniculum vulgare Common Name Scientific Common Foxglove Digitalis purpurea Cape Plumbago Plumbago auriculata Joe-Pye Weed Eupatorium purpureum Hibiscus Hibiscus spp. Garden Nasturtium Tropaeolum majus Mallow Malva spp. Parsley Petroselinum crispum Rose Rosa spp. Snapdragon Antirrhinum majus Senna Cassia spp. Speedwell Veronica spp. Spicebush Lindera benzoin Spider Flower Cleome hasslerana Spirea Spirea spp. Sunflower Helianthus spp. Viburnum Viburnum spp. Swamp Milkweed Asclepias incarnata Trees Trees Common Name Scientific Common Name Scientific Birch Betula spp. Pine Pinus spp. Cherry and Plum Prunus spp. Sassafrass Sassafrass albidum Citrus Citrus spp. Sweet Bay Magnolia virginiana Dogwood Cornus spp. Sycamore Platanus spp. Hawthorn Crataegus spp.
    [Show full text]
  • Identification of Milkweeds (Asclepias, Family Apocynaceae) in Texas
    Identification of Milkweeds (Asclepias, Family Apocynaceae) in Texas Texas milkweed (Asclepias texana), courtesy Bill Carr Compiled by Jason Singhurst and Ben Hutchins [email protected] [email protected] Texas Parks and Wildlife Department Austin, Texas and Walter C. Holmes [email protected] Department of Biology Baylor University Waco, Texas Identification of Milkweeds (Asclepias, Family Apocynaceae) in Texas Created in partnership with the Lady Bird Johnson Wildflower Center Design and layout by Elishea Smith Compiled by Jason Singhurst and Ben Hutchins [email protected] [email protected] Texas Parks and Wildlife Department Austin, Texas and Walter C. Holmes [email protected] Department of Biology Baylor University Waco, Texas Introduction This document has been produced to serve as a quick guide to the identification of milkweeds (Asclepias spp.) in Texas. For the species listed in Table 1 below, basic information such as range (in this case county distribution), habitat, and key identification characteristics accompany a photograph of each species. This information comes from a variety of sources that includes the Manual of the Vascular Flora of Texas, Biota of North America Project, knowledge of the authors, and various other publications (cited in the text). All photographs are used with permission and are fully credited to the copyright holder and/or originator. Other items, but in particular scientific publications, traditionally do not require permissions, but only citations to the author(s) if used for scientific and/or nonprofit purposes. Names, both common and scientific, follow those in USDA NRCS (2015). When identifying milkweeds in the field, attention should be focused on the distinguishing characteristics listed for each species.
    [Show full text]
  • Native Milkweeds of Oklahoma
    Native Milkweeds of Oklahoma Scientific Name Common Name # of counties where Habitat, part of state Growing at Kerr Notes occurrence has been where it most occurs Center? documented Asclepias amplexicaulis Clasping milkweed 32 West central Asclepias arenaria Sand milkweed 24 West Asclepias asperula Antelope horns, 47 Dry soils of prairies, Planting seed in spider milkweed mostly western 2015 Asclepias brachystephana Bract milkweed 1 Far west Asclepias engelmanniana Engelmann's 23 Scattered across state, mostly west Asclepias hirtella Tall green milkweed 21 Scattered, mostly east Planting seed in 2015 Asclepias incarnata Rose, Marsh or 20 Wet areas statewide, Yes, planted 2014, Observed Swamp milkweed more common in east planting seed in monarch 2015 caterpillars eating it in Sept. 2014 Asclepias involucrata Dwarf milkweed 1 Rare, in Cimarron County Asclepias latifolia Broad-leaf milkweed 19 Central and west; widely distributed on dry plains Asclepias macrotis Long hood 1 Panhandle, rare milkweed Native Milkweeds of Oklahoma Asclepias obovata Pineland milkweed 8 Eastern Asclepias oenotheroides Sidecluster 7 Central, south milkweed, Zizotes central, southwest milkweed Asclepias pumila Plains milkweed 14 Southwest, northwest Asclepias purpurascens Purple milkweed 4 Dry fields, meadows, open woods in a few eastern counties Asclepias quadrifolia Fourleaf milkweed 16 Most common in eastern OK Asclepias speciosa Showy milkweed 19 Moist soil of open Planting seed in areas, also in 2015 panhandle Asclepias stenophylla Narrow-leaf 47 Western half
    [Show full text]
  • Hybridization Between Asclepias Purpurascens and Asclepias Syriaca (Apocynaceae): a Cause for Concern?1
    Journal of the Torrey Botanical Society 146(4): 278–290, 2019. Hybridization between Asclepias purpurascens and Asclepias syriaca (Apocynaceae): A cause for concern?1 Steven B. Broyles2,4 and Geordie Elkins3 2Biological Sciences Department, SUNY Cortland, Cortland, NY 13045 and 3Highstead, 127 Lonetown Road, Redding, CT 06896 Abstract. Rare plant species can be at risk of hybridization, reduced genetic variation, and genetic assimilation when a numerically abundant congener co-occurs in or invades their habitat. We investigated hybridization between a species in decline, Asclepias purpurascens L., and its common and widespread congener, Asclepias syriaca L. A total of 40 morphological traits were measured on 60 flowering plants from a mixed population in Connecticut. Cluster and principal component analyses identified two distinct clusters of parental species taxa and a third cluster representing putative hybrids. Although leaf traits of putative hybrids were more similar to A. syriaca, floral traits and the morphological space on the principal component analysis were more similar to A. purpurascens. This suggests that the population contains a mix of F1 and advanced generation hybrids with the possibility of introgression into A. purpurascens. Although putative hybrids are intermediate for most traits, pollen counts reveal reduced fertility of presumed hybrid that might influence mating behaviors and increase the likelihood of backcrossing with A. purpurascens. We suggest a combination of morphological traits that better identify the two parental species as well as hybrids in the field. Conservationists should consider options of managing A. syriaca where A. purpurascens needs protection from competition to prevent genetic assimilation of the latter. Key words: Asclepias, conservation, hybridization Angiosperms abound with natural and anthro- 2015).
    [Show full text]
  • FINAL REPORT PSRA Vegetation Monitoring 2005-2006 PC P502173
    Rare Plants and Their Locations at Picayune Strand Restoration Area: Task 4a FINAL REPORT PSRA Vegetation Monitoring 2005-2006 PC P502173 Steven W. Woodmansee and Michael J. Barry [email protected] December 20, 2006 Submitted by The Institute for Regional Conservation 22601 S.W. 152 Avenue, Miami, Florida 33170 George D. Gann, Executive Director Submitted to Mike Duever, Ph.D. Senior Environmental Scientist South Florida Water Management District Fort Myers Service Center 2301 McGregor Blvd. Fort Myers, Florida 33901 Table of Contents Introduction 03 Methods 03 Results and Discussion 05 Acknowledgements 38 Citations 39 Tables: Table 1: Rare plants recorded in the vicinity of the Vegetation Monitoring Transects 05 Table 2: The Vascular Plants of Picayune Strand State Forest 24 Figures: Figure 1: Picayune Strand Restoration Area 04 Figure 2: PSRA Rare Plants: Florida Panther NWR East 13 Figure 3: PSRA Rare Plants: Florida Panther NWR West 14 Figure 4: PSRA Rare Plants: PSSF Northeast 15 Figure 5: PSRA Rare Plants: PSSF Northwest 16 Figure 6: PSRA Rare Plants: FSPSP West 17 Figure 7: PSRA Rare Plants: PSSF Southeast 18 Figure 8: PSRA Rare Plants: PSSF Southwest 19 Figure 9: PSRA Rare Plants: FSPSP East 20 Figure 10: PSRA Rare Plants: TTINWR 21 Cover Photo: Bulbous adder’s tongue (Ophioglossum crotalophoroides), a species newly recorded for Collier County, and ranked as Critically Imperiled in South Florida by The Institute for Regional Conservation taken by the primary author. 2 Introduction The South Florida Water Management District (SFWMD) plans on restoring the hydrology at Picayune Strand Restoration Area (PSRA) see Figure 1.
    [Show full text]
  • Open Myers THESIS.Pdf
    The Pennsylvania State University The Graduate School School of Science, Engineering, and Technology IMPACT OF OZONE ON MILKWEED (ASCLEPIAS) SPECIES A Thesis in Environmental Pollution Control by Abigail C. Myers 2016 Abigail C. Myers Submitted in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Master of Science December 2016 The thesis of Abigail C. Myers was reviewed and approved* by the following: Dennis R. Decoteau Professor of Horticulture and Plant Ecosystem Health Thesis Advisor Donald D. Davis Professor of Plant Pathology and Environmental Microbiology Richard Marini Professor of Horticulture Shirley Clark Associate Professor of Environmental Engineering Graduate Program Coordinator, Environmental Engineering and Environmental Pollution Control *Signatures are on file in the Graduate School ii Abstract Tropospheric (or ground level) ozone in ambient concentrations can damage vegetation and interfere with the human respiratory system. Plants as bioindicators of ozone are commonly used to detect phytotoxic levels of tropospheric ozone where physical/chemical/electrical monitoring equipment cannot be utilized due to expense, electrical needs, or availability of instruments. Asclepias syriaca (Common Milkweed) has been effectively used as a bioindicator for ozone. Visual ozone injury on Common Milkweed is characterized as purple stippling of the upper surface of older leaves as the season progresses, the purple coloration of the upper leaf surface may encompass most of the leaf surface. While sensitivity to ozone has been documented on Common Milkweed, less is known about the ozone sensitivity of other Asclepias species and little is known regarding the concentration dose response of Common Milkweed to ozone and timing of visual symptoms. Of the Asclepias species evaluated Tropical Milkweed (A.
    [Show full text]
  • Functional Response of Phytoseiulus
    U niv. j. zool. Rajshahi. Univ. Vol. 29, 2010 pp. 77-80 ISSN 1023-61041 http://journals.sfu.ca/bd/index.php/UJZRU © Rajshahi University Zoological Society Short Note Larvicidal effect of latex from Calotropis gigantea (L.) W.T. Aiton against the mosquito, Culex quinquefasciatus Say (Diptera: Culicidae) Khondkar Ehteshamul Kabir1, Ataur Rahman Khan2 and A.S.M. Shafiqur Rahman*2 1Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management, Institute of Biological Sciences, University of Rajshahi; 2Department of Zoology, University of Rajshahi; Rajshahi-6205, Bangladesh Key words: Culex quinquefasciatus, Calotropis gigantea, latex, larvicidal effect. *Corresponding author The milkweed, Calotropis gigantea (L.) W.T. Aiton Test material: Milky latex of C. gigantea, grown in (Gentianales: Asclepiadaceae) locally known as the campus of Rajshahi University, Bangladesh, Akond, is an evergreen, perennial shrub, and is was collected in early-March of 2000 with widely distributed in sub-tropical and tropical punching of the young stems using sharp pins. countries. It has been reported that latices of the Before making the various concentrations of latex milkweeds including C. gigantea contain cardiac in ppm, the collected latex was poured into pre- glycosides that vary in amount and type between weighed conical flask and weighed to obtain the species, between various plant parts of the same wet weight of the latex. Then the latex was dried species and through time, and other noxious in the same flask for 24 h at 60° C, and the flasks chemical substances including pyrrolizidinic were weighed again to obtain the dry weight of the alkaloids (Farrell et al., 1991). latex. The stock solution of the semisolid latex in MeOH (w/v) was then appropriately added to the The pant latex functions as defense chemicals test water medium to obtain the desired against insect herbivores (Konno et al., 2006).
    [Show full text]
  • Local Ecotype Seed Species Available
    Conservation Blueprint 2020 Local Ecotype Seed Availability 1 Seed Origin Nebraska County of Species Scientific Name Ecoregion Request Generation 2 Origin Western Yarrow Achillea millefolium G0 332 Howard Acmispon americanus or Lotus Deer Vetch unifoliolatus G0 332 Howard Rough Purple Gerardia Agalinis aspera G0 332 Howard Slender Gerardia Agalinis tenuifolia G0 332 Howard Anise Hyssop Agastache foeniculum G2 332 Howard White Snakeroot Ageratina altissima G0 332 Howard Wild Onion/Wild Garlic Allium canadense G0 332 Howard Ragweed, Common Ambrosia artemisiifolia G0 332 Howard Ragweed, Western Ambrosia psilostachya G0 332 Howard Ragweed, Giant Ambrosia trifida G0 332 Howard Leadplant Amorpha canescens G0 332 Howard Caroline Anemone Anemone caroliniana G0 332 Howard Candle Anemone Anemone cylindrica G0 332 Howard & Colfax Field Pussytoes Antennaria neglecta G0 332 Howard Prickly Poppy Argemone polyanthemos G0 332 Howard White Sage Artemisia ludoviciana G0 332 Howard Sand Milkweed Asclepias arenaria G0 332 Howard, Greeley & Loup Swamp Milkweed Asclepias incarnata G1 332 Howard Purple Milkweed Asclepias purpurascens G1 251 Kansas Showy Milkweed Asclepias speciosa G1 332 Howard Narrow-leaved Milkweed Asclepias stenophylla G0 332 Howard Sullivant's Milkweed Asclepias sullivantii G1 332 Howard, Knox & Merrick Howard, Colfax & Common Milkweed Asclepias syriaca G0 332 Greeley Common Milkweed Asclepias syriaca G0 222 Michigan Butterfly Milkweed Asclepias tuberosa G1 332 Howard Whorled Milkweed Asclepias verticillata G0 332 Howard Green Milkweed
    [Show full text]
  • Towards Biological Control of Swallow-Worts: the Ugly, the Bad and the Good
    200 Session 4 Target and Agent Selection Towards Biological Control of Swallow-Worts: The Ugly, the Bad and the Good R. Sforza1, M. Augé1, M.-C. Bon1, R. Dolgovskaya2, Y. Garnier1, M. Jeanneau1, J. Poidatz1, S. Reznik2, O. Simonot1, M. Volkovitch2 and L. R. Milbrath3 1USDA-ARS European Biological Control Laboratory, CS 90013 Montferrier sur Lez, 34988 St Gély du Fesc, France [email protected] 2Zoological Institute, Anglijskij prospect, 32, St.Petersburg 190121, Russia 3USDA Agricultural Research Service, Robert W. Holley Center for Agriculture and Health, 538 Tower Road, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA Abstract Native to Eurasia, swallow-worts (“the ugly:” Vincetoxicum rossicum (Kleopov) Barbarich and V. nigrum L. - Apocynaceae) have invaded forested landscapes and prevented native plant regeneration in eastern North America. We first aimed to understand where the invasive populations of both species come from, and then evaluated the impact of potential biological control agents (BCAs). The following phytophagous BCAs have been studied since 2009: Chrysochus asclepiadeus (Pallas) (Col., Chrysomelidae), Abrostola asclepiadis (Denis & Schiffermuller) and Abrostola clarissa (Staudinger) (Lep., Noctuidae). Adults of the beetle feed on leaves while larvae are root feeders, and Abrostola spp. larvae are foliage feeders. Genetically, none of the native V. nigrum populations analyzed to date possesses exactly the major multilocus genotype detected in the invasive North American populations, in contrast to V. rossicum, for which source populations of the invasion are found to be in Ukraine. We performed choice and no-choice specificity tests with French and Russian populations of C. asclepiadeus. We evaluated adult herbivory in no-choice tests on three Vincetoxicum spp., as controls, and seven Asclepias spp.: C.
    [Show full text]
  • Milkweed and Monarchs
    OHIO DEPARTMENT OF NATURAL RESOURCES DIVISION OF WILDLIFE MILKWEEDS AND MONARCHS Acknowledgments Table of Contents We thank Dr. David Horn, past president of the Ohio Lepidopterists, 03 MONARCH LIFE CYCLE for his thoughtful review of this publication. Our appreciation goes 04 MONARCH MIGRATION to the Ohio Lepidopterists, and Monarch Watch. These organizations work tirelessly to promote the conservation of butterflies and moths. 05 PROBLEMS & DECLINE COVER PHOTO BY KELLY NELSON 06 MILKWEEDS 07 OTHER MILKWEED SPECIALISTS 08 MONARCH NURSERY GARDEN Introduction 09 FIVE EXCELLENT MILKWEEDS Text and photos by Jim McCormac, Ohio Division of Wildlife, unless otherwise stated. 10 SUPERB MONARCH NECTAR SOURCES The Monarch butterfly (Danaus plexippus) is one of North Amer- ica’s most iconic insects. The gorgeous golden-brown and black but- terfly is probably the most celebrated insect on the continent, and the migration of the eastern population is conspicuous and spectacular. Southbound Monarchs can appear anywhere, even in highly urban- ized locales, and the butterflies often use backyard gardens as way sta- tions. Occasionally a resting swarm of hundreds or even thousands of butterflies is encountered. The spectacle of trees dripping with living leaves of butterflies is unlikely to be forgotten. PHOTO BY CHRIS FROST A Pictorial Journey From Caterpillar to Chrysalis to Butterfly PHOTOS BY STEVEN RUSSEL SMITH Monarch Butterfly Life Cycle Like all species in the order Lepidoptera (moths and butterflies), soon hatch. The caterpillars begin eating the milkweed foliage, and Monarchs engage in complete metamorphosis. This term indicates grow rapidly. The growth process involves five molts where the cater- that there are four parts to the life cycle: egg, caterpillar, pupa, and pillar sheds its skin and emerges as a larger animal.
    [Show full text]