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Civil War to Civil Rights CIVIL WAR TO CIVIL RIGHTS Trail to Freedom Many slaves saw the arrival of the Union army in Stafford, opposite Fredericksburg, in April 1862 as a chance for freedom. Over the next few months, slaves from Fredericksburg, Stafford, Spotsylvania, and the surrounding counties fed to the Union army. It was likely the largest single exodus[mass departure] of slaves in America up to that time. However, the crossing of the Rappahannock was not the end of their journey, but the beginning. African Americans worked to gain true freedom for the next 100 years. This booklet tells some local stories of the struggles and achievements along that “trail to freedom.” Sponsored By 3TAFFORDs3POTSYLVANIAs&REDERICKSBURGs+ING'EORGEs#ULPEPERs#AROLINEs/RANGE Black History Month Events TO CIVIL WAR CIVIL RIGHTS at Germanna Community College #REDITS About This Resource This resource guide is The articles contained within The creators of this resource The Civil Rights Act of 1964 Revisited presented by this resource are intended to believe that illustrating the The Trail to Freedom provide a few examples of broader story through local February 17 FebruarZrBook Club Discussion - FebruarZr Think Fast Trivia Game Work Committee: local history, as they ft into the stories will not only help 12:00- 1:30 PM Student Lounge Speaker Diane Freedom Summer larger national story of African students to make a stronger Fredericksburg Area Campus Nash, Freedom 8:30 AM Fredericksburg Area Campus Mr. James W. Anderson American history from the Civil connection to history, but also RiderFOR and Civil ALL YOUR STAFFING 23rd USCT & Friends of War to the Civil Rights era. understand the important role Fburg Area Battlefeld FebruarZrProgram of Praise Rights Leader FebruarZrPreacher Moss List of Contributors: The frst section summarizes the Fredericksburg region 7:00 - 9:00 PM Daniel Technology Center 12:30 PM NEEDS CALL . Inspirational Talk Ms. Debbie Aylor the national story as outlined played in our nation’s history. Culpeper Fredericksburg 12:00 -1:00 PM Sealy Auditorium Spotsylvania Tourism Manager The Fredericksburg Area LOCALLY OWNED Museum & Cultural Center in the Virginia Standards It is written at a student level Area Campus Fredericksburg Area Campus Ms. Denise Benedetto FebruarZrSoul Food Potluck Lunch University of Mary Washington of Learning. The rest of the so that teachers may use it Open to the public Serving the region for Women of the Civil War 11:30 AM - 1:00 PM Student Presentations, FebruarZrMovie Night: National Park Service document divides the 100 to support both reading and and free of charge. more than 20 years! Living Historian Locust Grove Campus Mississippi Burning 23rd Regiment, United States years of history into four major history learning. A timeline Mr. Luigi Benedetto Colored Troops Open Eye Beating Heart Film eras and provides local stories is provided across the bottom FOR ALL YOUR STAFFING7>Üi`ÊÃ>ÊLÕÃiÃà Stafford County Historical that reinforce the concepts in of each era. Key vocabulary Cindy DUFFER–Matern - Owner and Video Productions For more information go to www.germanna.edu Society the Standards. These eras are is highlighted, lesson ideas NEEDS540-604-5000 CALL . Ms. Jane Conner John J. Wright Education Emancipation, Reconstruction, are included, and additional Culpeper ÜÜÜ°>ÌViÃÌ>vw}°VFredericksburg LocustCER GTIroFvIeED GOVERNMENT Online Stafford County Historical Society & Cultural Center LOCALLY OWNED Segregation, and the Civil information is provided in the CONTRACTOR AGENT #51ZH6 Mr. Steward Henderson Central Rappahannock Rights Movement. inset boxes. Serving the region for 23rd USCT Regional Library FOR ALLFOR YOUR ALL STAFFING YOUR STAFFINGmoreFOR than ANY20 years! REASON Moncure Conway Foundation • Temp to Perm Jobs Ms. Tramia “Mia” Jackson Fredericksburg Area Museum & The Montpelier Foundation NEEDS CALLNEEDS . CALL . Try Before You Hire Cultural Center Virginia Historical Society FOR ALL YOUR STAFFING7>Üi`ÊÃ>ÊLÕÃiÃà • Long term needs while conducting employee National Baseball Hall of Fame Cindy DUFFER–Maternsearch - Owner Ms. Margaret Clay Library, Cooperstown NY 540-604-5000LOCALLY OWNED “M.C.” Moncure NEEDS CALL . • Seasonal Staffng National Association Stafford Tourism Manager ÜÜÜ°>ÌViÃÌ>vw}°VServing CtheERTI FregionIED •G OSpecialVER forNME ProjectsNT for the Advancement of CONTRACTOR AGENT #51ZH6 LOmoreCALLY OWNE thanD 20 •years! Short Term Needs Mr. Erik Nelson Colored People City of Fredericksburg Spotsylvania County Public ServingFOR ANY the REASONregion for Such as vacation- Êfll- in/-Ê6 Senior Planner Schools moreUÊ/i«ÊÌÊ*iÀÊLà than 20 years! • Payroll Services UÊ`ÊÃÃÃÌ>Ìà Virginia Commonwealth Try7>Üi`ÊÃ>ÊLÕÃiÃà Before You Hire Branch: 4737 Jeff. Davis Hwy., Fredericksburg Mr. Eric Powell UÊVVÕÌ} Spotsylvania County Schools University UÊ}ÊÌiÀÊii`ÃÊÜ iÊCindy DUFFER–Matern - Owner On the cover: On the cover: 7>Üi`ÊÃ>ÊLÕÃiÃà UÊ ÕÃÌiÀÊ-iÀÛVi Instructional Coordinator 540-604-5000 V`ÕVÌ}Êi«ÞiiÊÃi>ÀV Designed by: Formerly enslaved people crossing 540/604-5000 Cindy DUFFER–Matern - OwnerSKILL SETS AVAILABLE High school student 540-604-5000 UÊ-i>Ã>ÊÃÌ>vw} • Admin AssistantsUÊ} ÌÊ`ÕÃÌÀ> Rev. Hashmel Turner Mr. Jim Solomon the Rappahannock river to freedom ÜÜÜ°>ÌViÃÌ>vw}°V CERUÊ-«iV>Ê«ÀiVÌÃTIFIED GOVERNMENT 23rd USCT Jerine Mercer McConnell LOCALLY OWNED CERTIFIED GOVERNMENT • AccountingUÊ*À`ÕVÌÊÜÀiÀà The Free Lance–Star on August 19, 1862, taken near ÜÜÜ°>ÌViÃÌ>vw}°V CONTUÊ- ÀÌÊÌiÀÊii`ÃÊÊRACTOR AGENT #51ZH6 picketing in front of a CONTRACTOR AGENT #51ZH6 • Customer ServiceUÊ7>Ài ÕÃi Mr. Frank White what is today Remington, in Serving the region for such as vacation fill in drug store in downtown • Light IndustrialUÊi`V> Stafford County Historian Fauquier County. The wagon likely more than 20FOR years! ANY REASONUÊ*>ÞÀÊÃiÀÛVià -Ê- /-Ê6 Fredericksburg in 1960. • ProductionUÊ WorkersvÀ>ÌÊ/iV }Þ belonged to their owner. UÊ/i«ÊÌÊ*iÀÊLà The Trail to Freedom Committee would also like to thank the Image courtesy of UÊ`Ê• WarehouseÃÃÃÌ>Ìà Try Before You Hire students from the University of Mary Washington and Virginia The Free Lance-Star. • MedicalCorporate: 640 Lake Caroline Dr. Woman-owned smallUÊ}ÊÌiÀÊii`ÃÊÜ iÊ business Branch: 4737 Jeff DavisUÊVVÕÌ} Hwy. Commonwealth University for researching and compiling the • Information TechnologyRuther Glen Cindy Duffer-Matern—OwnerV`ÕVÌ}Êi«ÞiiÊÃi>ÀV FredericksburgUÊ ÕÃÌiÀÊ-iÀÛVi stories and articles within this booklet. This project would not be Did you know? Corporate: 640 Lake Caroline Dr., Ruther Glen possible without their contributions. UÊ-i>Ã>ÊÃÌ>vw} UÊ} ÌÊ`ÕÃÌÀ> You can trace the routes of enslaved people who traveled to freedom UÊ-«iV>Ê«ÀiVÌà UÊ*À`ÕVÌÊÜÀiÀà Ms. Melina Downs, UMW Ms. Megan Dodd, VCU CERTIFIED GOVERNMENT at www. TrailToFreedom.com UÊ- ÀÌÊÌiÀÊii`ÃÊÊ Ms. Diane Crabtree, UMW Ms. Meaghan Sullivan, UMW AtOnceStaffng.com UÊ7>Ài ÕÃi CONTRACTOR AGENT #51ZH6 7589390 such as vacation fill in UÊi`V> UÊ*>ÞÀÊÃiÀÛVià FOR ANY REASON -Ê- /-Ê6UÊ vÀ>ÌÊ/iV }Þ UÊ/i«ÊÌÊ*iÀÊLà FOR ANY REASON UÊ`Ê-ÃÃÃÌ>ÌÃÊ- /-Ê6 Try Before You HireBranch: 4737 Jeff Davis Hwy. Corporate: 640 Lake Caroline Dr. UÊ/i«ÊÌÊ*iÀÊLà UÊVVÕÌ} UÊ}ÊÌiÀÊii`ÃÊÜ iÊ Fredericksburg UÊ`ÊÃÃÃÌ>ÌÃRuther Glen TryV`ÕVÌ}Êi«ÞiiÊÃi>ÀV Before You Hire UÊ ÕÃÌiÀÊ-iÀÛVi UÊ}ÊÌiÀÊii`ÃÊÜ iÊUÊ-i>Ã>ÊÃÌ>vw} UÊ} ÌÊUÊ`ÕÃÌÀ>VVÕÌ} UÊ-«iV>Ê«ÀiVÌÃV`ÕVÌ}Êi«ÞiiÊÃi>ÀV UÊ*À`ÕVÌÊÜÀiÀÃUÊ ÕÃÌiÀÊ-iÀÛVi UÊ- ÀÌÊÌiÀÊii`ÃÊÊ UÊ7>Ài ÕÃi UÊ-i>Ã>ÊÃÌ>vw} such as vacation fill in UÊ} ÌÊ`ÕÃÌÀ> UÊi`V> UÊ-«iV>Ê«ÀiVÌÃUÊ*>ÞÀÊÃiÀÛVià UÊ*À`ÕVÌÊÜÀiÀà UÊvÀ>ÌÊ/iV }Þ UÊ- ÀÌÊÌiÀÊii`ÃÊÊ UÊ7>Ài ÕÃi such as vacation fill in Branch: 4737 Jeff Davis Hwy. Corporate:UÊi`V> 640 Lake Caroline Dr. UÊ*>ÞÀÊÃiÀÛViÃFredericksburg Ruther Glen UÊvÀ>ÌÊ/iV }Þ Branch: 4737 Jeff Davis Hwy. Corporate: 640 Lake Caroline Dr. Fredericksburg Ruther Glen Tour a rich heritage in your very own backyard CIVIL WAR TO CIVIL RIGHTS Introduction In 1862, more than 12,000 African Americans fed The 1896 Supreme Court decision, Plessy v. Local African 1 slavery and crossed the Rappahannock River, seeking 5 Ferguson, upheld segegration laws in the South. This freedom with the Union army deployed in Stafford. case allowed discrimination against African Americans to continue. While slaves fed to freedom, American History 2 some whites and free blacks 6 In the early 1900s, many tried to pass laws abolishing slavery. African Americans from City of Fredericksburg Spotsylvania Department of Stafford Economic the South began the “Great Department of Tourism Economic Development & Tourism Development & Tourism Abolitionists like William Lloyd Garrison, Harriet Tubman, and Migration,” or move north VisitFred.com VisitSpotsy.com Stafford350.com Frederick Douglass demanded for new jobs. In Harlem, freedom for enslaved people. New York, African American Frederick Douglass artists, writers and musicians Louis Armstrong On January 1, 1863, President Abraham Lincoln celebrated their culture through art, music and dance. 3 signed the Emancipation Langston Hughes, Jacob Lawrence, Bessie Smith and Proclamation, and so the Louis Armstrong were just a few of those artists. This war to restore the Union also movement became known as the Harlem Renaissance. became a war for freedom. 7 During WWII, African American soldiers fought The Proclamation allowed against the racism of Adolf Hitler in segregated units African American men to join abroad. Experiencing racism at home, African Americans the Union army in the fght for began calling for more equal rights. During the 1950s freedom. After two more years and 1960s, they held sit-ins and freedom rides to expose of fghting, the Civil War ended injustice. Reverend Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr. became in a victory for the Union. The a leader in the struggle. He gave his famous ‘I Have a 13th Amendment abolished Dream’ speech at the March on Washington in 1963. Dr. slavery in the United States. King called for new laws to prevent discrimination based African Americans gained their rights as citizens when the on race, color, religion, gender or national origin.
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