The James Webb Space Telescope
...your space telescope after Hubble
Dr. Rolf Jansen (Arizona State University, SESE)
Challenger Space Center of Arizona — Sep 24, 2011
Page 0 Background: HST’s Astronomical Revolution
Ground: N.A. Sharp, AURA, NOAO, NSF HST: NASA, ESA, Hubble SM4 ERO Team ● Hubble Space Telescope provides darker sky background, higher resolution, and access to wavelengths inaccessable from the ground (absorbed by Earth’s atmosphere)
Page 1 Background: HST’s Astronomical Revolution
● HST discovered that all large galaxies have a supermassive black hole at their center...
Page 2 Background: HST’s Astronomical Revolution
... even our own Milky Way Galaxy and our nearest big neighbor, M31, the Andromeda Galaxy
Page 3 Background: HST’s Astronomical Revolution
NASA, ESA, Hubble Heritage Team (STScI/AURA)-ESA/Hubble Collab.; B. Whitmore & J. Long
● HST gave us sharp views of star bursting galaxies, interacting galaxies, ...
Page 4 Background: HST’s Astronomical Revolution
... and allowed us to trace galaxy assembly and subsequent evolution over the past 12 billion years
Page 5 Background: HST’s Astronomical Revolution
● Recipe for a Universe ... Dark Energy???
NASA
Page 6 HST ● tr ihaBgBn,iflt,ltsme ni transparent until simmer let inflate, Bang, Big a with Start
(and WMAP AA/WA cec Team Science WMAP / NASA ’ srnmclRevolution Astronomical )’s ae7 Page HST ● e ieadco hog h akAe ni tr and stars until Ages Dark the through cool and rise Let (and 0 Time since the Big Bang Composite: (c)2011 R.A. Jansen WMAP seeds of structure Recombination / 380,000yr
usr gie h G esreionized gets IGM the ignite, quasars WMAP 1000 AA/WA cec em/RA Jansen R.A. / Team Science WMAP / NASA structure growth Cosmic Dark Ages / 10 million yr ’ srnmclRevolution Astronomical )’s 20 100 million yr start shining First Objects JWST 12 the Universe Young Galaxies / Reionization of 1 billion yr 1 2 6 Hubble Sequence Emergence of the Galaxy Evolution/ 13.7 billion yr Redshift, z present HST 0 ae8 Page Background: HST’s Astronomical Revolution
● 12 billion years of cosmic history in one picture
NASA, ESA, R. Windhorst (ASU), P. McCarthy (CIW), & R. O'Connell (UVa)
Page 9 Background: HST’s Astronomical Revolution
NASA, ESA, N. Smith (UCBerkeley), Hubble Heritage Team (STScI/AURA) ● HST gave new insights into the star formation process within the Milky Way...
Page 10 Background: HST’s Astronomical Revolution
HST /WFC3 ‘Mystic Mountain’
NASA, ESA, M. Livio and the Hubble 20th Anniversary Team (STScI)
Page 11 Background: HST’s Astronomical Revolution
Composite: (c)2007 R.A. Jansen NGC 602; NASA, ESA, STScI, Hubble Heritage Team (APOD Jan 10, 2007) ... and in nearby galaxies like the Small Magellanic Cloud (and beyond)
Page 12 But ...
● The Hubble Space Telescope will not last much beyond 2015
● HST is blind at wavelengths further into the near- and mid-infrared (cannot see light emitted by the first stars and proto-galactic clumps, or peer into dense star forming regions)
● HST is not big enough to detect the faint light from the first stars (even if it could see at longer wavelengths), and not big enough to characterize the atmospheres of Earth-like exoplanets in Earth-like orbits around their parent star.
Page 13 The James Webb Space Telescope
➤ Enter Hubble’s successor: The James Webb Space Telescope (JWST ), to be launched in 2018.
● JWST (then called the Next Generation Space Telescope) was the top- priority recommendation of the NRC’s 2000 Decadal Survey in Astronomy & Astrophysics (2010 Decadal Survey recommendations assume JWST ) ➤ designed to detect light from the first stars and to trace the evolution of galaxies from their formation to the present ➤ designed to characterize the nearest Earth-like exoplanets and their at- mospheres (presence of water vapor!) ➤ designed as a multi-purpose observatory (NASA Flagship mission) for the entire astronomical community ✓ allows rapid response to new discoveries, use for science not imagined in the design stages of the mission (HST ’s biggest discoveries were not the science for which it was built; same will be true for JWST )
Page 14 Comparison of JWST and HST
Sizes: 21.3ft (6.5m; JWST ) versus 7.9ft (2.4m; HST )
Page 15 Comparison of JWST and HST
John Mather, JWST Q&A Session, Sep 21 2011 In the near-infrared, JWST will have higher angular resolution than HST
Page 16 Comparison of JWST and HST
93.2 million miles
932,000 miles
350 mile
JWST
Composite: (c)2011 R.A. Jansen
ESA, R.A. Jansen Orbit: 932,000miles (JWST ) versus 350 miles (HST ); launch to L2 by Ariane5
Page 17
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Rendering of the fully deployed JWST
Page 24 What will JWST look like?
Perspective view from the rear of the fully deployed JWST
Page 25 What will JWST look like?
View from the side of the fully deployed JWST
Page 26 What will JWST look like?
Perspective view from below the fully deployed JWST
Page 27 JWST sSinicInstruments Scientific ’s ae28 Page ● ● ● ➤ ➤ ➤ Exoplanets: Disks: Debris System: Solar
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● Jul 2011: House voted on Appropriations Bill to reduce NASA’s 2012 Sci- ence budget (Earth Science, Planetary Science, Astrophysics, and Helio- physics) to $4B, explicitly terminating all funding ($ 431M) for JWST ➤ JWST would not be finished and launched; ➤ major threat to U.S. astronomy, loss of all its scientific opportunities and public excitement; ➤ lost JWST funding would not be reallocated to other missions, but be permanently lost to astronomy; ➤ damage to the international standing of NASA and the U.S. as an inter- national partner: ESA (Europe) and CSA (Canada) contribute >$1B to JWST.
● Sep 2011: Senate voted on its version of 2012 Appropriations Bill, propos- ing $5B for Science and explicitly restoring funding to JWST at a level ($530M) to allow launch in 2018.
Page 40 JWST Development Under Threat (cont’d)
● Oct 2011? Final 2012 NASA budget to be determined in full conference of House and Senate ➤ JWST could still be canceled in a comprise between House and Senate ➤ Wide public support is needed to save JWST ’s future.
Page 41 What you can do to help save JWST: web links
● http://www.savejwst.com/ ● http://twitter.com/#!/saveJWST
● http://www.facebook.com/SaveJWST ● http://www.whitehouse.gov/contact
● http://www.change.org/petitions/do-not-cancel-funding-for-the-james-webb- space-telescope
● http://capwiz.com/supportjwst/home/
● http://savethistelescope.blogspot.com/ Learn more about JWST at:
● http://jwst.nasa.gov
● http://www.aura-astronomy.org/news/jwst.asp
● http://firstgalaxies.org/jwst/
Write your senator Jon Kyl and reps. Jeff Flake or David Schweikert
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