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The Texas Wine Growing Industry: a Geographic Bibliography

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The Texas Wine Growing Industry: a Geographic Bibliography THE TEXAS WINE GROWING INDUSTRY: A GEOGRAPHIC BIBLIOGRAPHY compiled by OTIS W. TEMPLER, J .D., Ph.D. Department of Geography · Texas Tech University !CASALS PUBLICATION NO. 87-1 INTERNATIONAL CENTER FOR ARID and SEMIARID LAND STUDIES Texas Tech University Lubbock, Texas, 1987 INTRODUCTION Otis W. Templer is Professor and Chairman of the Department of Geog- raphy at Texas Tech University, where he has been a faculty member since 1968. He holds a B.S. degree (1954) from Texas A & M University, later earned a law degree (1959) from the University of Texas at Austin, and has been a member of the State Bar of Texas since 1959. After engaging in private law practice for several years he returned to graduate studies, earning an M.A. degree (1964) in geography from Southern Methodist Univer- sity and a Ph.D. (1969) in geography from the University of California, Los Angeles. Prof. Templer 1 s research focuses primarily on the problems of arid and semi-arid lands, particularly the investigation from a geographic and legal perspective of the institutional (legal-political) constraints on water resource use, development and management in arid environments. He has authored and edited over forty publications on various water resource and arid lands topics. Prof. Templer is a long-time ICASALS Associate and is a founding member and has twice served as president of the Association for Arid Lands Studies, an interdisciplinary group of arid lands scholars headquartered at Texas Tech University. His interest in the Texas wine growing industry ste ms from a B.S. degree in horticulture from Texas A & M \. University and more recent research on wine grapes as an alternative supple- mental crop for arid regions of Texas and the American Southwest. He ex- pects to be active in a soon-to-be formed Viticultural Geography Specialty Group of the Association of American Geographers, and he is also a member of the Society of Wine Educators . It may come as a surprise to some ·that viticulture and viniculture have 1 2 'a very long history in Texas, spanning more than three centuries. In 1682, Franciscan priests established a mission at Ysleta on the Rio Grande near present-day · El Paso, planting Mission wine grapes and producing wine for the mass . This activity preceded the introduction of wine grapes to California by almost a century . Wine growing in Texas has been marked by several periods of rising and declining interest. Grape culture and wine making significantly expanded during the late 1800s and early 1900s, thanks in part to the influx of 19th­ century European immigrants and to the promotional efforts of Thomas v. Munson of Denison, an internationally acclaimed plant breeder who developed more than 300 varieties of grapes better suited to the Texas and midwestern environments. Experimental plantings and agricultural publications of the turn-o f-the-century era had established the viticultural advantages and potential of the High Plains and Trans-Pecos regions of arid and semi-arid West Texas , particularly for European wine grapes. Prohibition killed the industry and r esulte d in the closing of many small wineries scattered over t he state. Val Verde Winery a t Del Rio, established in 1883 and reopene d following repeal, was the state's only winery from 1949 to the mid-1970s . Texas' involvement in the world-wi de wine grape boom of the late 1960s and early 1970s expanded vineyard acreage from less than .9.Q acres in 1970, to more than 3 ,000 acres in 1982 and to mo re than 4,000 acres at present. About 3,500 acres of wine grapes are located in West Texas, with some 2,000 acres on the South Plains in the vicinity of Lubbock and another 1,500 acres in Trans-Pecos Texas. Almost all vineyards are planted with Vitis v i nifera, ~ropean wine grapes capable of producing premium varietal table wines . Farmers in water-short West Texas have long been interested in finding t alternative crops which r equire less water than cotton, grain sorghum or 3 other traditional annual crops, and many have planted small acreages of wine grapes as a water-conserving, high-value, supplemental crop. It has well- drained, fertile soils, relatively level topography, lacks most common grape diseases and insect pests, and has abundant relatively inexpensive land. Drier, cooler West Texas land has impressive natural advantages for wine grape production when compared to more humid regions of the state. As the wine grape acreage expanded, new wineries to accommodate the increased grape production were established in the mid-1970s, joining the century-old Val Verde Winery. Texas wine production grew rapidly from a few thousand gallon§ in the mid-1970s to an estimated 465, 000 gallons in 1985 and 800,000 gallons in 1986. Most wine produced is still marketed and consumed in Texas, but fine varietal wines from Texas have done very well in national and international tasting competitions. As shown by Figure 1, in May, 1987 Texas had twenty bonded wineries, and several others are reported to be nearing completion. Thirteen of the wineries are located in more humid North and Central Texas, though several of them utilize West Texas-grown Vinifera grapes, and seven wineries are located in West Texas. Many Texas wineries are relatively small, producing only a few thousand gallons of wine per year. Particularly renowned are Llano Estacado and Pheasant Ridge Wineries near Lubbock and the multi­ million dollar new state-of-the-art facility of Ste. Genevieve Winery built on University of Texas lands in Pecos County. Experts predict that the Texas wine growing industry is on the verge of a major expansion, especially in West Texas, which 'will eventually result in the state being ranked only behind California and perhaps Washington in wine grape acreage and wine production. This geographic bibliography of the Texas wine growing industry 4 FIGURE 1. TEXAS VITICUL TURAL AREAS AND WINERIES ii~f!!tfi~\\ Viticultural Area (not to scale} f • Winery ...... Mil•• OWT 5 represents materials which the compiler has gathered over the past decade. To date, the fledgling Texas wine growing industry has received minimal coverage in scholarly literature. As is very evident from the cited materials, most are from popular literature for the general public, in particular from newspapers and magazines of wide circulation. The two books, English's The Wines of Texas: A Guide and a History and Giordano's Texas Wines and Wineries, are also directed to general audiences. Neverthe­ less, this admittedly less-then-comprehensive bibliography of over 240 sources is indicative of the wide-spread and growing public interest in the Texas wine growing industry. The compiler plans to continue research on Texas viticulture­ viniculture, especially on wine grapes as a potential arid lands crop and on study of the significant legal impediments which have hindered more rapid expansion of the Texas wine growing industry. Also, he anticipates that these sources and other new material to be gathered by geographic field work will eventually result in a monograph-length study tentatively entitled Vines and Wines: The Geography of the Texas Wine Growing Industry. Special thanks are due to Dr. Idris R. Traylor, Director of !CASALS, for his support of this project and to Suzanne S. Cutherell of Houston for faithfully clipping newspaper and magazine materials and providing the compiler with many useful Texas wine articles. THE TEXAS WINE GROWING INDUSTRY: A GEOGRAPHIC BIBLIOGRAPHY "A & M Winemaker Scorns Texas Industry," Lubbock Avalanche-Journal (July 16, 1981), p. B-5. Acrey, Chauncey _C. "A Toast to a Cask of Llano Estacada," Accent West, Vol. 8 , No. 11 (November, 1979), 51-54+. Adams, Leon D. The Wines of America. Boston: Houghton Mifflin Co., 1973, Chap. 20, pp. 152-153. Adams, Leon D. The Wines of America. New York: McGraw-Hill, 2nd Edition, 1978, 623 p., Chap. 10, pp. 203-208. Adams, Leon D. Tqe Wines of America. New York: McGraw-Hill, 3rd Edition, 1985, 608 p., Chap. 10, pp. 200-204. Alley, C. J. "-Changing Over Varieties by Budding," In: Proceedings, Texas Grape Growers Association. College Station: Texas Agricultural Extension Service, i980. Alley, C. J. "Grape Propagation by Cuttings," In: Proceedings, Texas Grape Growers Association. College Station: Texas Agricultural Extension Service, 1980. Allis, Tim. "Tasters • Choice," (re American wine tasting in Dallas, including Texas wines) D Magazine, Vol. 12, No. 2 (February, 1985) , RG6-RG11. "Annual Field Day to Feature Results of Grape Research," Lubbock Avalanche­ Journal (Agust 28, 1981) , p. A-8. Atkins, Ken. "The Munson Grapes: The Grapes That Lived," Texas Gardener, Vol. 2, No . 6 (November-December, 1982), 10-17. Atkins, Ken. "Texas Wines, Poised for Growth," Texas Gardener, Vol . 2, No . 6 (November-December, 1982), 50 . Augustin, Byron. "Fruit of the Vine," (re mustang grapes) Texas Highways, Vol. 28, No. 7 (July, 1981), 8~10. "Backyard Grape Growing Can be Fun, Rewarding," Lubbock Avalanche- Journal (August 28 , 1981) , p . B-6. Balliet, Kenneth . "Grow Yo ur OWn Wine," The Mother Earth News, No. 78 (November-December, 1982) , 34-37. Barnes, Sarah. "Dallas Restaurant OWner Swears by Lubbock County Wine," Lubbock Avalanche- Journal (October 8, 1985), p. A-15. 6 7 Bauer, Michael and Diane Teitelbaum. "Competitions Reveal Improvement in Texas Wines," Dallas Times Herald (November 25, 1984), p. 6. Bell, Sally. "Tale of the Grape," (re Texas wineries) Dallas Times Herald (June 17, 1987), pp. A-1, A-10. Belue-Cevola, Victoria. "Blithe Spirits," (re amateur vintners in North Texas) Dallas Morning News, Dallas Life Magazine (October 7, 1984), pp. 14-18. Biffle, Kent. "Winery Found Success Through the Grapevine," (re Val Verde Winery) Dallas Morning News (June 17, 1984), p.
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