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2666 38: Azu-/E (E.G4s Cz776erzazz
(No Model.) 2. Sheets-Sheet 1 T. C. EBER HARD, ENGRAVING MACHINE, No. 415,450, Patented Nov. 19, 1889. () a 841 uo 11 for -2666 38: Azu-/e (e.g4s CZ776erzazz/ r. Washington, D.C. (No Model.) 2. Sheets-Sheet 2. T. C. EBER HARDT, ENGRAWING MACHINE, No. 415,450, Patented Nov. 19, 1889. V 928) it vesses s 3v-uovot sy - ZAeop/lavas CZ76erzorae, PETERS. Photo-lthographer. Washington, D.C. UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE. THEOPHILU'S CHARIES EBER HARDT, OF (UERO, TEXAS. ENGRAVING-MACH NE. SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 415,450, dated November 19, 1889. Application filed December 21, 1888, Serial No. 294,296, (No model.) To all u?ion it inctly concern: transversely on the under side of the platen Be it known that I, THEOPHILUS CHARLES at a suitable distance from the outer end EBERHARDT, a citizen of the United States, thereof, and has notches or rabbets N in its 5. residing at Cuero, in the county of De Witt ends. and State of Texas, have invented a new and O represents a clamp, which is also arranged liseful Improvement in Engraving-Machines, on the under side of the platen, and is pro of which the following is a specification. vided at its ends with right-angled arms P, My invention, relates to an improvement that fit in the rabbets N. From the upper in engraving-machines; and it consists in the side of the clamp O, at the center of the same, O peculiar construction and combination of de projects a stem R, which extends through a vices that will be more fully set forth here central opening in the platen F, and on the inafter, and particularly pointed out in the outer end of the said stem is pivoted a lever claims. -
Flexographic Printing – High Throughput Technology for Fine Line Seed Layer Printing on Silicon Solar Cells
Presented at the 28th European PV Solar Energy Conference and Exhibition, 30 September – 04 October 2013, Paris, France FLEXOGRAPHIC PRINTING – HIGH THROUGHPUT TECHNOLOGY FOR FINE LINE SEED LAYER PRINTING ON SILICON SOLAR CELLS Andreas Lorenz1, Andre Kalio1, Gunter Tobias Hofmeister1, Sebastian Nold1, Lorenz Friedrich1, Achim Kraft1, Jonas Bartsch1, Dietmar Wolf2, Martin Dreher2, Florian Clement1, Daniel Biro1 1Fraunhofer Institute for Solar Energy Systems ISE, Heidenhofstr. 2, 79110 Freiburg, Germany 2Deutschsprachiges Flexodruck-Technologiezentrum DFTA-TZ, Nobelstraße 10, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany Phone: +49 761 4588 5299, email: [email protected] ABSTRACT: Within this work, seed layer grids for solar cell front side metallization were applied using flexographic printing which represents an innovative, high-throughput approach for solar cell front side metallization. Fine line seed layer contact grids with a silver consumption lower than 10 mg per cell could be realized on alkaline textured Czochralski-grown silicon wafers with an edge length of 156 mm. Subsequently, the seed layer has been reinforced with silver using light induced plating (LIP). In order to determine the optimum LIP process, three groups were plated with different amounts of silver deposition. The results were analyzed before and after plating regarding silver consumption, contact finger geometry and interruptions. Solar cell parameters were determined after plating. It was demonstrated, that a homogeneous front side seed layer metallization without interruptions down to a line width of 25 µm can be realized using flexographic printing. The best cell reached a conversion efficiency of 18 % after silver LIP which is comparable to standard screen printed cells on the used Si wafer material. -
Other Printing Methods
FLEXO vs. OTHER PRINTING METHODS Web: www.luminite.com Phone: 888-545-2270 As the printing industry moves forward into 2020 and beyond, let’s take a fresh look at the technology available, how flexo has changed to meet consumer demand, and how 5 other popular printing methods compare. CONTENTS ● A History of Flexo Printing ● How Flexo Printing Works ● How Litho Printing Works ● How Digital Printing Works ● How Gravure Printing Works ● How Offset Printing Works ● What is Screen Printing? ● Corrugated Printing Considerations ● Flexo Hybrid Presses ● Ready to Get Started with Flexo? 2 A History of Flexo Printing The basic process of flexography dates back to the late 19th century. It was not nearly as refined, precise, or versatile as the flexo process today -- and can be best described as a high-tech method of rubber stamping. Printing capabilities were limited to very basic materials and designs, with other printing methods greatly outshining flexo. Over the past few decades flexo technology has continuously evolved. This is largely thanks to the integration of Direct Laser Engraving technology, advancements in image carrier materials, and in press technologies. These innovations, among others, have led to increased quality and precision in flexo products. These technological improvements have positioned flexography at the helm of consumer product and flexible packaging printing. Flexo is growing in popularity in a variety of other industries, too, including medical and pharmaceutical; school, home, and office products; and even publishing. How Flexo Printing Works Flexo typically utilizes an elastomer or polymer image carrier such as sleeves, cylinders, and plates. The image carrier is engraved or imaged to create the design for the final desired product. -
Printing Industry Is the Large Proportion of Very Small Firms
The printing sector is a diversified industry sector composed of firms who perform printing as well as firms who render services for the printing trade, such as platemaking and bookbinding. One of the most significant characteristics of the printing industry is the large proportion of very small firms. The Census Bureau reported that in 2002 nearly half of the 37,538 printing companies had fewer than five employees; approximately 80 percent employed fewer than 20 workers. Processes used in printing include a variety of methods used to transfer an image from a plate, screen, film, or computer file to some medium, such as paper, plastics, metal, textile articles, or wood. The most prominent of these methods is to transfer the image from a plate or screen to the medium (lithographic, gravure, screen, and flexographic printing). A rapidly growing new technology uses a computer file to directly "drive" the printing mechanism to create the image and new electrostatic and other types of equipment (digital or nonimpact printing). Four Main Segments The printing industry can be separated into four main segments: Lithography Flexography Gravure Screen printing Lithography Lithography is a planographic printing system where the image and non-image areas are chemically differentiated with the image area being oil receptive and non-image area water receptive. Ink film from the lithographic plate is transferred to an intermediary surface called a blanket, which, in turn, transfers the ink film to the substrate. Fountain solution is applied to maintain the hydrophilic properties of the non-image area. Ink drying is divided into heatset and non- heatset. -
Kemble Z3 Ephemera Collection
http://oac.cdlib.org/findaid/ark:/13030/c818377r No online items Kemble Ephemera Collection Z3 Finding aid prepared by Jaime Henderson California Historical Society 678 Mission Street San Francisco, CA, 94105-4014 (415) 357-1848 [email protected] 2013 Kemble Ephemera Collection Z3 Kemble Z3 1 Title: Kemble Z3 Ephemera Collection Date (inclusive): 1802-2013 Date (bulk): 1900-1970 Collection Identifier: Kemble Z3 Extent: 185 boxes, 19 oversize boxes, 4 oversize folder (137 linear feet) Repository: California Historical Society 678 Mission Street San Francisco, CA 94105 415-357-1848 [email protected] URL: http://www.californiahistoricalsociety.org Location of Materials: Collection is stored onsite. Language of Materials: Collection materials are primarily in English. Abstract: The collection comprises a wide variety of ephemera pertaining to printing practice, culture, and history in the Western Hemisphere. Dating from 1802 to 2013, the collection includes ephemera created by or relating to booksellers, printers, lithographers, stationers, engravers, publishers, type designers, book designers, bookbinders, artists, illustrators, typographers, librarians, newspaper editors, and book collectors; bookselling and bookstores, including new, used, rare and antiquarian books; printing, printing presses, printing history, and printing equipment and supplies; lithography; type and type-founding; bookbinding; newspaper publishing; and graphic design. Types of ephemera include advertisements, announcements, annual reports, brochures, clippings, invitations, trade catalogs, newspapers, programs, promotional materials, prospectuses, broadsides, greeting cards, bookmarks, fliers, business cards, pamphlets, newsletters, price lists, bookplates, periodicals, posters, receipts, obituaries, direct mail advertising, book catalogs, and type specimens. Materials printed by members of Moxon Chappel, a San Francisco-area group of private press printers, are extensive. Access Collection is open for research. -
Introduction to Printing Technologies
Edited with the trial version of Foxit Advanced PDF Editor To remove this notice, visit: www.foxitsoftware.com/shopping Introduction to Printing Technologies Study Material for Students : Introduction to Printing Technologies CAREER OPPORTUNITIES IN MEDIA WORLD Mass communication and Journalism is institutionalized and source specific. Itfunctions through well-organized professionals and has an ever increasing interlace. Mass media has a global availability and it has converted the whole world in to a global village. A qualified journalism professional can take up a job of educating, entertaining, informing, persuading, interpreting, and guiding. Working in print media offers the opportunities to be a news reporter, news presenter, an editor, a feature writer, a photojournalist, etc. Electronic media offers great opportunities of being a news reporter, news editor, newsreader, programme host, interviewer, cameraman,Edited with theproducer, trial version of Foxit Advanced PDF Editor director, etc. To remove this notice, visit: www.foxitsoftware.com/shopping Other titles of Mass Communication and Journalism professionals are script writer, production assistant, technical director, floor manager, lighting director, scenic director, coordinator, creative director, advertiser, media planner, media consultant, public relation officer, counselor, front office executive, event manager and others. 2 : Introduction to Printing Technologies INTRODUCTION The book introduces the students to fundamentals of printing. Today printing technology is a part of our everyday life. It is all around us. T h e history and origin of printing technology are also discussed in the book. Students of mass communication will also learn about t h e different types of printing and typography in this book. The book will also make a comparison between Traditional Printing Vs Modern Typography. -
Inkjet Printing This Process Works by Spitting Small Droplets of Ink on the Surface of the Paper
PRINTING FOR PACKAGING PREPARED BY MRS.M.JANANI DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE (INTERNATIONAL BUSINESS) GOVERNMENT ARTS COLLEGE, COIMBATORE – 18. REFERENCE: http://imprimerie - sanjose.com/what - a r e - t h e - d i f f e r e n t - t y p e s - of- p r i n t i n g / https://www.brushyourideas.com/blog/types - p r i n t i n g - m e t h o d s - w e b - to- p r i n t - i n d u s t r y / https://www.glocaluniversity.edu.in/files/eContent/eBpharm/QUALITY%20C ONTROL.pdf TYPES OF PRINTING FOR PACKAGING 1. Lithography or “litho” or “offset” for short 2. Flexography or “flexo” for short 3. Rotogravure or “gravure” for short 4. Silkscreen or “screen” for short. 5. Digital 1. PLANOGRAPHIC PRINTING Lithography is the most dominant of the printing processes. When people refer to printing, especially color printing, they usually think of lithography. Lithography was invented by Alois Senefelder. Lithography is a chemical process. Lithography works on the principle that oil and water do not mix. A lithographic plate is treated in such a way that the image areas on the plate are sensitized and as such are oleophilic (oil-loving); and the non-image areas are treated to be ink repelling or oleophobic. During the press run, the plate is charged twice; first by a set of dampening rollers that apply a coat of dampening solution and second by a coat of the inking rollers. During this process the image areas have been charged to accept ink and repel water during the dampening. -
Oak Knoll Special Catalogue No. 19 1 OAK KNOLL BOOKS 310 Delaware Street, New Castle, DE 19720
Oak Knoll Special Catalogue No. 19 1 OAK KNOLL BOOKS www.oakknoll.com 310 Delaware Street, New Castle, DE 19720 Oak Knoll Books has handled many examples of type specimen catalogues over the years. One would think that interest in old books showing type faces would have gone by the wayside long ago but nothing could be further from the truth. I was recently give a book by Tony Cox, a bookseller friend of mine, for bedside reading while I was visiting him in England and found the stories of type and their development fascinating (Simon Garfield. Just My Type). For those of you who have seen the film Helvetica you can relate to the impact type faces have on our lives. We are now offering you a selection of interesting specimen books and booklets that might inspire those of you doing design work or educate those of you that are doing research. And go back and reread McGrew’s American Metal Type Faces of the 20th Century and Annenberg’s Type Foundries of America and Their Catalogues (both Oak Knoll Press publications) for their invaluable information (see last page of our catalogue for more details). Happy hunting! Oak Knoll Books was founded in 1976 by Bob Fleck, a chemical engineer by training, who let his hobby get the best of him. Somehow making oil refineries more efficient using mathematics and computers paled in comparison to the joy of handling books. Oak Knoll Press, the second part of the business, was established in 1978 as a logical extension of Oak Knoll Books. -
Judging Permanence for Reformatting Projects: Paper and Inks
ConserveO Gram September 1995 Number 19/14 Judging Permanence For Reformatting Projects: Paper And Inks Many permanently valuable NPS documents fibered, high alpha-cellulose cotton and linen such as correspondence, drawings, maps, plans, rags. Early rag papers were strong, stable, and reports were not produced using permanent and durable with relatively few impurities. and durable recording media. When selecting In the mid-17th century, damaging alum paper items for preservation duplication, items sizing was added to control bacteria and marked on the list below with a " - " are at mold growth in paper. By 1680, shorter highest risk and should have special priority for fiber rag papers were being produced due to duplication. Document types marked with a the use of mechanical metal beaters to shred "+" are lower priorities for reformatting as they the rag fibers. By about 1775, damaging tend to be more stable and durable. See chlorine bleaches were added to rag papers Conserve O Gram 19/10, Reformatting for to control the paper color. Acidic alum Preservation and Access: Prioritizing Materials rosin sizing was introduced around 1840 to for Duplication, for a full discussion of how to speed the papermaking process thus leading select materials for duplication. NOTE: Avoid to even shorter-lived papers. Rag papers using materials and processes marked " - " when became less common after the introduction producing new documents. of wood pulp paper around 1850. Compared to rag paper, most wood pulp papers have Paper much poorer chemical chemical and mechanical strength, durability, and stability. All permanently valuable original paper - documents should be produced on lignin-free, Ground or mechanical wood pulp paper: high alpha-cellulose papers with a pH between After 1850, most paper produced was 7.5 and 8.0, specifically those papers meeting machine-made paper with a high proportion the American National Standards Institute of short-fibered and acidic wood pulp. -
Research and Development Washington, DC 20460 ABSTRACT
United Slates EPA- 600 R- 95-045 7 Enwronmental Protection ZL6ILI Agency March 1995 i= Research and Developmen t OFFICE EQUIPMENT: DESIGN, INDOOR AIR EMISSIONS, AND POLLUTION PREVENTION OPPORTUNITIES Prepared for Office of Radiation and Indoor Air Prepared by Air and Energy Engineering Research Laboratory Research Triangle Park NC 2771 1 EPA REVIEW NOTICE This report has been reviewed by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, and approved for publication. Approval does not signify that the contents necessarily reflect the views and policy of the Agency, nor does mention of trade names or commercial products constitute endorsement or recommendation for use. This document is available to the public through the National Technical Informa- tion Service. Springfield, Virginia 22161. EPA- 600 I R- 95-045 March 1995 Office Equipment: Design, Indoor Air Emissions, and Pollution Prevention Opportunities by: Robert Hetes Mary Moore (Now at Cadmus, Inc.) Coleen Northeim Research Triangle Institute Center for Environmental Analysis Research Triangle Park, NC 27709 EPA Cooperative Agreement CR822025-01 EPA Project Officer: Kelly W. Leovic Air and Energy Engineering Research Laboratory Research Triangle Park, NC 2771 1 Prepared for: U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Ofice of Research and Development Washington, DC 20460 ABSTRACT The objective of this initial report is to summarize available information on office ~ equipment design; indoor air emissions of organics, ozone, and particulates from office ~ equipment; and pollution prevention approaches for reducing these emissions. It should be noted that much of the existing emissions data from office equipment are proprietary and not available in the general literature and are therefore not included in this report. -
Photo/Graphics Michel Wlassikoff
SYMPOSIUMS 1 Michel Frizot Roxane Jubert Victor Margolin Photo/Graphics Michel Wlassikoff Collected papers from the symposium “Photo /Graphisme“, Jeu de Paume, Paris, 20 October 2007 © Éditions du Jeu de Paume, Paris, 2008. © The authors. All rights reserved. Jeu de Paume receives a subsidy from the Ministry of Culture and Communication. It gratefully acknowledges support from Neuflize Vie, its global partner. Les Amis and Jeunes Amis du Jeu de Paume contribute to its activities. This publication has been made possible by the support of Les Amis du Jeu de Paume. Contents Michel Frizot Photo/graphics in French magazines: 5 the possibilities of rotogravure, 1926–1935 Roxane Jubert Typophoto. A major shift in visual communication 13 Victor Margolin The many faces of photography in the Weimar Republic 29 Michel Wlassikoff Futura, Europe and photography 35 Michel Frizot Photo/graphics in French magazines: the possibilities of rotogravure, 1926–1935 The fact that my title refers to technique rather than aesthetics reflects what I take to be a constant: in the case of photography (and, if I might dare to say, representation), technical processes and their development are the mainsprings of innovation and creation. In other words, the technique determines possibilities which are then perceived and translated by operators or others, notably photographers. With regard to photo/graphics, my position is the same: the introduction of photography into graphics systems was to engender new possibilities and reinvigorate the question of graphic design. And this in turn raises another issue: the printing of the photograph, which is to say, its assimilation to both the print and the illustration, with the mass distribution that implies. -
A Brief History of Wood-Engraving from Its Invention
?- : fi «M*^4S - - . : 1 (CO ENGRAVER Jon Amman (1(68) ^ THE LIBRARY OF THE UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA LOS ANGELES Digitized by the Internet Archive in 2007 with funding from Microsoft Corporation http://www.archive.org/details/briefhistoryofwoOOcundiala A BRIEF HISTORY OF WOOD -ENGRAVING FROM ITS INVENTION PRINTED BY Sl'OTTISWOODE AND CO., NEW-STREET SQUARE LONDON HEXKY VIII. IN COUNCIL (From IMinshetTs ' Chronicles of England; 1577) rage 100 A BRIEF HISTORY or WOOD -ENGRAVING FROM ITS INVENTION BY JOSEPH CUNDALL ' AUTHOR OF ' HOLBEIN AND HIS WORKS ETC. LONDON SAMPSON LOW, MARSTON, & COMPANY LIMITED St. Shtnstan's "toouse FETTER LANE, FLEET STREET, E.G. 180; . — Art Library I030 CONTENTS CHAPTER I PAGE On Pictures of Saints —The print of The Virgin with the Holy Child in her Lap in the Bibliotheque Boyale de Belgique- On the print of St. Christoplier in the Spencer Library at Manchester—The Annunciation and the St. Bridget of Sweden . 1 CHAPTEB II On the Block Books of the Fifteenth Century—iStblta |9att- pmim ; ^poralnuSte ^aiutt StoljannuS, &c. 11 CHAPTEB III The Block Books of the Fifteenth Century—!3r$ #fartClrtlt— Temptacio Diaboli—Cantt'rum CailttCOrum, and others 20 CHAPTEB IV Block Book—js>jierulum fittmanae £albatt0iutf— Casus Luciferi —The Mentz Psalter of 1459 —Book of Fables The Cologne Bible —Niirnberg Chronicle —Breydenbach's Travels 28 CHAPTER V On Wood-Engraving in Italy in the Fifteenth Century— The Venice Kalendario of 1476—The Triumph of Petrarch — The Hypnerotomachia Poliphili—Aldo Manuzio—Por- trait of Aldus 40 — — HISTORY OF WOOD-ENGRAVING CHAPTER VI On Wood-Engraving in France in the Fifteenth Century — ' Engraving on Metal Blocks ' Books of Hours —Famous French Publishers : Pierre Le Bouge, Simon Vostre, Antoine Verard, Thielinan Kerver, Guyot Marchanfc, Philippe Pigouchet, Jean Dupre, and others .