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Graphical Sketches o ~uual1J of mht ~arl! ~titu(h. A SERIES OF BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. BY FRANCES ANNE BUDGE. [RefJrintedfrom "THE FRIENDS' QUARTERl YEXAMINER."] WITH PREFACE BY EDWARD BACKHOUSL .. WE ARE NOTHING, CHRI8T 18 ALL." CJ1Io-.w J'oz. PHILADELPHIA: HENRY LONGSTRETH. No. 738 S.A..BOX STRBBT. 1900. , I ~ CONTENTS. William Caton, I John Audland and his Friends. 28 Edward Burrough, 53 Elizabeth Stirredge, 72 William Dewsbury and his Words of Counsel and Con- solation, 92 John Crook, 104 Stephen Crisp and his Sermons, 1[9 John Banks, [36 Humphry Smith and h:s Works, [57 Mary Fisher, . [84 The Martyrs of Boston and their Friends, 207 Passagei in the Life of John Gratton, 237 James Dickenson and his Friends, 250 William Edmundson, 284 William Ellis and his Friends, 314 Richard Claridge, 345 Thomas Story, 370 Gilbert Latey and his Friends, . 399 George Whitehead, 428 PREFACE. THE Memoirs and Sketches of the lives of Friends of the Seventeenth Century, which have, from time to time, appeared in the pages of the Friends' Quarterly Examiner, are, in this volume, presented as a whole, in the hope of l:hus obtaining for them a more ex­ tended· circulation. They contain an account of the religious principles of the Early Friends, as well as narratives of the sufferings they underwent in main­ taining the testimonies committed to them by the Lord Jesus Christ; and it is hoped that their example may influence us, their successors, with boldness to maintain the Truth as it is in Jesus, and keep unfurled before the Churches the same holy banner that He has given to us also, "to be displayed because of the Truth." As a contribution towards the modern literature of the Society of Friends, these memoirs are designed to revive the memory of those who were valiants in their day; and to inform such as may not be con­ versant with the history of Friends two centuries ago; for they remind us of the costly price our forefather~ paid-in blood, in loss of liberty and of this world's treasure-to procure for us the religious freedom we enjoy.* * For more complete details of the found~tion and progress of the Society of Friends we would refer to William Sewel's History, which is doubtless to be found in most of the libraries attached to our meeting-houses~ to George Fox's Journal; Besse's .. Sufferin~s of Friends," etc. VI PREFACE. Many are little aware of the faith, patience, and intn~pidity,with which the Friends ofthe first genera­ tion, not only endured insults and injuries, but perse­ vered in their Christian course, triumphing over every difficulty, notwithstanding the virulence with which the opponents of vital religion persecuted them, in many cases even unto death. From the year 1662 to 1697 (inclusive)-namely, in the reigns of Charles II, James II, and William and Mary-John Field informs us that thirteen thousand, five hundred and sixty-two Friends suffered imprisonment in England; while, if we add the persecutions of the Commonwealth, under Oliver and Richard Cromwell, and of New England, and those of Ireland and Scotland, from 1650 to 1697, we find the aggregate of these sufferers for conscience' sake, numbers more than twenty-three thousands: and that the total of those who died in gaol, or were exe­ cuted, is three hundred and eighty-eight. The volumes published by Joseph Besse containing the account of the "Sufferings of Friends," show the terrible trials they underwent in those days; when, locked out of their meeting-houses, or their meeting­ houses having been destroyed and razed to the ground, Friends held their assemblies for worship in the street'i, or upon the ruins, notwithstanding the furious attacks of the soldiery, who broke their swords and muskets upon their heads, sometimes leaving fifty on the street most shamefully wounded and streaming with blood. Four were hanged in New England by the bigoted professors of religion there: one was squeezed for hours in a torture-hole in the rock in Chester gaol, called "Little Ease," in consequence of which he PREFAClt vii died; while let it not' be forgotten that many honor­ able and educated women (among them Elizabeth Horton, the first Quaker minister of her sex), were stripped naked to the waist, by order of Governor Endicott and the Council of Massachusetts, and mer­ cilessly flogged through three towns in succession. Endicott and his fellows raged against the life of reli­ gion manifested by the Friends; though they only came into their jurisdiction to preach the Gospel, and spe­ cially to· demand the repeal of their unrighteous laws, which made it penal for a Friend to enter the Colony. For this four Friends suffered death; for the Governor and Court of Assistants at Boston, who professed to have left Old England for the sake of liberty to wor­ ship according to their consciences, " knew not what spirit they were 0(" . Thus our forefathers bought the Truth; and, having bought it, sold it not: for amid all their afflictions, they held that nothing in the whole world could com­ pare with the glorious inheritance they had obtained. That inheritance was a heavenly one; even the king­ dom ofheaven, into which they had entered; and they valued its holiness and rest beyond the price of rubies or gold, or the treasures of this world, or liberty, or life itself. Well might they prefer the heavenly country of which they had even upon earth become citizens to anything the world could offer. William Dcwsbury testifies to Itis own experience, and says, "My gar­ ments are washed and made white in the blood of the Lamb, who hath led me through the gates ... into the new Jerusalem, ... where my soul now feeds Vlll PREFACE. upon the Tree of Life ... that stands in the Paradise of God." Again and again the Early Friends record their faoith in the cleansing blood of the Lord Jesus, and their own blessed experience of its power; testify­ ing that Christ had become their personal Saviour from the power of sin, and that eternal life was theirs; " Yea," says Francis Howgill, "I am entered into the true rest, and lie down with the lambs in the fold of God, where all the sons [of God] do shout for joy, and all His saints keep holyday." Their: exalted views as to the perfection of Chris­ tianity (bringing full salvation to every·one that will receive it), caused them to express themselves in glowing language, worthy of the theme they dwelt upon; but not more so than the glory of the Gospel of Christ manifested to His saints deserves. George Fox, in his Journal, says, "Now was I come up in spirit, through the flaming sword, into the Paradise of God; all things were [become] new ... being renewed into the image of God by Christ Jesus." Ann Dewsbury, too, near her close, could say, "I have no guilt upon my spirit. In the covenant of light and life, sealed with the blood of Jesus, I am at eternal peace with the Lord." Stephen Hubbersty­ encruraging Friends at a time when they were under­ going deep suffering from the violence ofpersecution- . says, " It is the enjoyment of the sweet presence of God will encourage you to stand, ... for we are come, blessed be God! to the primitive Spirit, the Spirit of Christ which was in the primitive worshippers. .•. The Lord arm you with patience and boldness; and let all these things drive you nearer ana nearer to your PREi'ACE. IX• Beloved. The Lord sanctify you to Himself, that you may be like the Holy Apostles, who. when charged to speak no more in Christ's name, would not obey, but chose rather to obey God. Let this be your choice: and ages and generations .to come will bless God for you.... The Wonderful Counsellor preserve you single-hearted, and keep you over all storms: a calm will come again; and the joy oCthe Lord, which is as the joy of harvest, fill your souls with joy and peace in believing." JohnAudland desires that Friends"maybegrc:,mded, rooted, builded, established; and in the everlasting covenant of life, find peace; where you may rest in the City of God, whose walls are salvati6n, and whose gates, praise." Ambrose Rigge, also, after ten years' incarceration in· Horsham gaol, could say, "I have been made both able and willing to bear all, for the testimony ofJesus, and the word of God; not counting my life dear unto me, that I might finish my testimony with joy; being counted worthy not only to believe, but also to suffer for that ancient doctrine, faith, and practice. for which the ancient Christians suffered the loss oftheir liberties, and, many ofthem, oftheir lives." Their expositions of Scripture truth, and their appli­ cation ofthe types and figures to their own experience, as well as to that of the Church, are also extremely interesting. They frequently quote from the Book of Revelation (as well as from all parts of the Old and New Testaments); but, as regards the Apocalypse, George Fox observes, that too many religious people view it as a sealed book, whereas it contains very precious truths, and vividly sets forth many things x PREFAC1t which it is most important for us to appreciate. He tells us respecting the New Jerusalem, "I saw the beauty and glory of it, the length, the breadth, and the height thereof, all in complete proportion. I saw that all who are within ... the grace, and truth, and power of God, which are the walls of the City, are within the City, ..
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