Entomotaxonomia (2014) 36(2): 105–118 ISSN 1000–7482

Review of Walker (: Geometridae: ) from , with three newly recorded species

CUI Le1, 2, ZHANG Chuntian1, LIN Sheng3, HAN Hongxiang2①

1. College of Chemistry and Life Science, Shenyang Normal University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110034, China 2. Key Laboratory of Zoological Systematics and Evolution, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China 3. Management Bureau of Wuyishan National Nature Reserve, Wuyishan, Fujian 354315, China

Abstract: The genus Fascellina Walker, 1860 in China is reviewed. In total six species are recognized. Three species are recorded as new to the fauna of China: Fascellina porphyreofusa Hampson, 1895, F. inornata Warren, 1893 and F. rectimarginata Warren, 1894. The diagnoses of the genus and species, descriptions of the genus and newly recorded species, key to species and illustrations of the adults and genitalia are provided. Key words: Ditrysia; Geometroidea; ; biogeography CLC number: Q969.433.2 Document code: A Article ID: 1000-7482(2014)02-0105-14

中国片尺蛾属分类订正并记三新纪录种(鳞翅目：尺蛾科：灰尺蛾 亚科)

崔 乐 1, 2，张春田 1，林 盛 3，韩红香 2① 1. 沈阳师范大学化学与生命科学学院，辽宁 沈阳 110034；2. 中国科学院动物研究所动物进化与系统学重点实验室，北京 100101；3. 福建武夷山国家级自然保护区管理局，福建 武夷山 354315

摘要：记录中国分布的片尺蛾属 6 种，并记述中国 3 新纪录种：黑片尺蛾 Fascellina porphyreofusa Hampson, 1895; F. inornata Warren, 1893; F. rectimarginata Warren, 1894。文中提供了属种描述和鉴别特 征，给出了种检索表及成虫和外生殖器图。

关键词：双孔次亚目；尺蛾总科；分类；生物地理

Introduction

The genus Fascellina, a member of Ennominae, was described by Walker (1860) based on F. chromataria Walker, 1860. He later described another 4 species from India to Southeast Asia (Walker 1866). Warren (1893, 1894, 1896, 1897, 1898) contributed the most important work on this genus, describing 10 species from the same regions as Walker. Prout (1916, 1925,

Received 8 January 2014. Published 25 June 2014 ①Corresponding author, E-mail: [email protected]

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1928, 1931, 1932) recognized a total of 8 species in this genus. Inoue (1955, 1992) described a subspecies of F. chromataria from Japan and another species from Nepal; both now considered synonyms. Holloway (1976, 1994) recorded 12 species in Borneo, including 4 new species. Parsons et al. (1999) listed 28 species in Fascellina in the catalogue of Geometrid of the World. Stüning (2000) recorded 4 species in Nepal and recognized 2 synonyms, including F. fuscoviridis Warren, which was synonymized with F. inornata but not indicated as new in Parsons et al. (1999). At present, a total of 27 species in the genus are considered valid worldwide. Only 3 species have been recorded from China before this present work. Wehrli (1939) initially recorded 2 species of Fascellina in the fauna of China: F. chromataria Walker, 1860 and F. plagiata (Walker, 1866), which are widely distributed in China (Xue 1992a, b, 1993, 1997, 2001; Xue et al. 2002; Xue & Han 2005; Han & Xue 2004; Wang 1998; Ades & Kendrick 2004). Another species from this genus, F. subsignata Warren, 1893, was mentioned from by Wang (1998). In this paper, six species in the genus Fascellina Walker, 1860 are recognized, including three newly recorded species: F. porphyreofusa Hampson, 1895, F. inornata Warren, 1893 and F. rectimarginata Warren, 1894. Descriptions of the genus and species, key to species and illustrations of the adults and genitalia are provided.

Material and methods

Specimens of Fascellina Walker, 1860 were collected by light traps. The specimens studied were mainly from the Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China (IZCAS). Terminology of the wing venation follows the Comstock-Needham System (Comstock 1918) and that of the genitalia is based on Pierce (1914), Sibatani et al. (1954), Klots (1970) and Nichols (1989). Photographs of the adult moths and their genitalia were taken with digital cameras, and the plates were compiled using Adobe Photoshop software.

Description

Fascellina Walker, 1860 Fascellina Walker, 1860: 67, 215. Type species: Walker, 1860. Generic characters. Head. Antennae filiform in both sexes, ciliated in male. Frons rough-scaled, slightly to moderately protruding. Labial palpus protruded beyond frons. Thorax. Hind tibia not dilated, without hair-pencil in male, two pairs of spurs present. Wing pattern. Costa of forewing straight, or slightly concaved at middle part, curved near pointed apex, sometimes distinctly falcated; outer margin nearly straight; anal angle of forewing and apex of hindwing usually with incisions. Inner margin of forewing usually concave near anal angle. Outer margin of hindwing curved, semicircular, or straight. Antemedial line of forewing wavy, straight or curved; medial line present or not; postmedial line angled, sometimes with white patches; wavy subterminal line present or not. Postmedial line of hindwing curved or straight, doubled and sometimes with white scales between two lines; subterminal line wavy or arc-like or absent. Base of forewing without fovea. Underside.

CUI et al. Fascellina from China 107

Forewing with white scales; postmedial line protruded between R5 and M1, accompanied by a band inside.

Venation. Sc and R1 connected with a bar on forewing; R1 stalked with R2; R2 and R3+4 connected with a bar, sometimes the same case in R1+2 and R3+4. Abdomen. The third sternite of male abdomen without setal comb. Male genitalia. Uncus long stick-like, or bifid. Gnathos with median process needle-like, hook-like or a small process. Tegumen usually with membrane, scobinate, sometimes absent. Juxta often forming a pair of asymmetrical furca, with the left arm generally longer than the right one, sometimes both arms with a bundle of setae at apexes, occasionally the right arm degenerated. Anellus a pair of irregularly shaped plates. Saccus usually expanded and with anterior margin concave at middle and with two lateral protrusions. Valva wide or gradually narrowed; costa slightly curved or straight; sacculus narrow and small, sometimes undeveloped. Aedeagus often slender, cornutus a bundle of spines, or a simple sclerite, or absent. Coremata present or not. Female genitalia. Papilla analis oval. Apophyses anteriores shorter than apophyses posteriores. Lamella antevaginalis long striped, or divided into two parts with a gap in the middle, sometimes unmodified; lamella postvaginalis usually wide, sometimes wrinkled. Ductus bursae sclerotized; wrinkled and rough. Corpus bursae circled or oval; signum usually present, occasionally absent. Diagnosis. Externally, the genus is similar to Corymica Walker, 1860 for having an excavation on the forewing inner margin. But in Fascellina, the apex of forewing is protruded outwards; the colour of wings is various, green, deep green, puce or brown; the postmedial line is angled on forewing; the postmedial line of hindwing is doubled. On the underside of forewing, the postmedial line with a brown fascia crosses the whole wing, and sharply protrudes at R5 to M1. In the male genitalia, the juxta often forms a sclerotized plate with a pair of asymmetrical furca, the left arm is generally longer than the right one, and sometimes the right side becomes degenerate. Distribution. China; Japan; Korea; India; Bhutan; Nepal; Myanmar; Himalaya; Vietnam; Sri Lanka; Malaysia; Indonesia. Biological note. Recorded host plants are all Lauraceae: Alseodaphne, , Litsea, , Phoebe, (Holloway 1994; Sugi 1987). Parsons et al. (1999) listed Litsea polyantha, Persea gamblei, Phoebe lanceolata for F. chromataria and Cinnamomum zeylanicum for F. plagiata. Key to Chinese Fascellina species 1. Forewing with discal spot···············································································································F. chromataria -. Forewing without discal spot································································································································· 2 2. Apex of forewing falcate; outer margin of hindwing straight, sharply angled at the end of Rs·························· ······················································································································································ F. porphyreofusa -. Apex of forewing not falcate; outer margin of hindwing curved or semicircular, round at the end of Rs········ 3 3. Postmedial line of hindwing wavy; saccular process present···················································F. rectimarginata -. Postmedial line of hindwing straight; saccular process absent ············································································ 4 4. Subterminal line silvery, wavy; whitish patches present between silvery postmedial and subterminal lines ···· ································································································································································ F. inornata -. Subterminal and postmedial line not as above, no whitish patches between these two lines····························· 5

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5. A large greyish brown anal patch present on forewing; subterminal line on hindwing less protruding at middle·····················································································································································F. plagiata -. A large greyish brown anal patch absent on forewing; subterminal line on hindwing strongly protruding at middle·················································································································································F. subsignata 1. Fascellina chromataria Walker, 1860 (Figs. 1, 2, 17, 23, 29) Fascellina chromataria Walker, 1860: 215. Holotype ♀, Ceylon (BMNH). Geometra usta Walker, 1866: 1602. Syntype(s) ♀, India: Hindostan (BMNH). Fascellina ceylonica Moore, 1887: 394; ibidem (1886), pl. 188, Figs. 3, 3a. Syntype(s), Sri Lanka (BMNH). Fascellina chromataria subchromaria Wehrli, 1936: 126, Fig. 39. Syntype(s), China: West Nanking, West Tien-Mu-Shan. Fascellina chromataria nigrochromaria Inoue, 1955: 4 [English translation p. 8]. Holotype ♂, Japan: Kochi Prefecture, Kajigamori, Nagaoka-gun.

Figures 1–16. Upperside and underside of adults. 1. Fascellina chromataria Walker, 1860, upperside, 2. Ditto, underside; 3. F. plagiata Walker, 1866, upperside, 4. Ditto, underside; 5. F. rectimarginata Warren, 1894, upperside, 6. Ditto, underside; 7. F. subsignata Warren, 1893, upperside, 8. Ditto, underside; 9. F. inornata Warren, 1893, upperside, 10. Ditto, underside; 11, 12. Another two kinds of wing stripes of F. inornata Warren, 1893, upperside; 13. F. porphyreofusa Hampson, 1895, ♂, upperside, 14. Ditto, underside; 15. F. porphyreofusa Hampson, 1895, ♀, upperside, 16. Ditto, underside. Scale bar = 10 mm. Diagnosis. Externally, both F. chromataria and F. porphyreofusa have incisions on the anal angle of forewing and the apex of hindwing. F. chromataria differs from F. porphyreofusa in the following characters: a yellow discal spot is present on the forewing; all fascias on the wings are curved; postmedial and medial lines of hindwing are anastomosed below CuA1. In

CUI et al. Fascellina from China 109 the male genitalia, F. chromataria and F. porphyreofusa are similar by having the apically bifid uncus. The cleft is much deeper in F. chromataria. The left arm of the furca in F. chromataria is thinner than that of F. porphyreofusa. The gnathos of F. chromataria is digitated and curved. The tegumen has a rough membrane in surface. The cornutus is absent. Specimens examined. China: Jilin: 1♂, Changbaishan, 21-IX-1982, coll. Baolin ZHANG. Henan: 1♂1♀, Baotianman, 623–1407 m, 10–12-VIII-2008, coll. Dayong XUE; 4♂1♀, Baiyun Shan, 1300–1550 m, 01–27-VI-2001, 15-VII-2003, 13–15-VIII-2008, coll. Wenhui SONG & Xiaocheng SHEN; 1♂, Funiushan, 07–09-VIII-1993, coll. Zhiguo WANG. Shaanxi: 4♂1♀, Ningshan, Huoditang, 1500–2000 m, 18-VIII-1998, 18-VIII-2007, 08-VII-2008, coll. Decheng YUAN et al.; 3♂, Taibai, Huanbaiyuan, 1350 m, 13-VII-1980, coll. Baolin ZHANG; 1♀, Xixia, Zhaigen, 700 m, 26-VIII-1996, coll. Xiaocheng SHEN. Gansu: 6♂, Kangxian, Qinghe Linchang, 1400–2250 m, 07–08-VII-1999, coll. Jian YAO et al.; 1♂, Zhouqu, Shatan Linchang, 2400 m, 15-VII-1999, coll. Hongjian WANG. Anhui: 1♂, Huangshan. Zhejiang: 1♂, Taishun, Wuyanling, Shuangkengkou, 680 m, 28-VII-2005, coll. Songyun LANG. Hubei: 4♂1♀, Xingshan, Longmenhe, 1280–1350 m, 17–20-VII-1993, coll. Shimei SONG & Jian YAO; 2♂, Xingshan, 1300 m, 29-VII-1980, coll. Peiyu YU. Jiangxi: 1♂, Jiulianshan, 20-VI-1975, coll. Baolin ZHANG; 1♂, Dayu, 15-VII-1975, coll. Shimei SONG. Fujian: 1♂, Sangang, 13-VIII-1998, coll. Jiang WANG; 2♂, 20-IX–24-X-1980; 1♂, Chong’an, Xingcun, Sangang, 740 m, 30-VI-1960, coll. Yiran ZHANG; 2♂, Wuyishan, 14–16-IX-1982, coll. Baolin ZHANG; 1♂, Nanqing, 26-VII-1973, coll. Yixin CHEN; 3♂, Wuyishan, Sangang, 700 m, 09–26-VII-2006, coll. Jiashe WANG & Dayong XUE; 1♂, Nantao, Dongkeng, 10-V-1981; 2♂, Wuyishan, Huangxizhou, 500 m, 29-VII-2006, coll. Chao YANG. Guangdong: 2♂, Shixing, Chebaling, 365–401 m, 22–26-VII-2008, coll. Fuqiang CHEN; 1♂, Ruyuan, Nanling, 1020 m, 16–20-VII-2008, coll. Fuqiang CHEN; 1♀, Dinghushan, 09–14-V-1980, coll. Shaokun DU. Hainan: 3♂, Wanning, 60 m, 21-V–20-VIII-1963, coll. Baolin ZHANG. Hainan: 2♂1♀, Baisha, Hongkan Reservoir, 553 m, 03–05-V-2009, coll. Fuqiang CHEN & Keji YAN; 5♂2♀, Baisha, Nankai, Nanmaola, 1261 m, 10–14-V-2009, coll. Fuqiang CHEN & Keji YAN; 1♂, Qiongzhong, Limuling, 620 m, 15-V-2007, coll. Hongxiang HAN; 2♂, Limu Shan, 10-V–26-VI-1984, coll. Yuanfu LIU & Maobin GU; 18♂1♀, Jianfengling, 70–934 m, 25-VII-1968, 12-VI-1973, 19-III–13-IV-1980, 06-V–02-VII-1982, 17-I-1983, 14–17-XII-2007, 26-III-2008, 17-V-2009, 05-XII-2009, coll. Yixin CHEN et al.; 22♂, Wuzhishan, Shuiman, 730–900 m, 08–11-V-2007, 01–03-IV-2008, coll. Hongxiang HAN & Songyun LANG; 1♂, Wuzhishan, 708 m, 08–11-IV-2010, coll. Nan JIANG; 4♂, Lingshui, Diaoluoshan, 260–920 m, 03–05-V–11–12-XII-2007, coll. Songyun LANG; 5♂, Bawangling, Dong’er Linchang, 1015 m, 08–21-V-2007, coll. Fuqiang CHEN & Jing LI; 1♂, Limushan, 18-VI-1984, coll. Youdong LIN; 2♂, Yinggeling, 950–1100 m, 27-VIII–12-IX-2005, coll. Chunxiang LIU; 1♂, Yinggeling, Baisha, Hongxincun, 432–516 m, 18-XI-2008, coll. Jing LI. Guangxi: 7♂, Napo, Defu, 1350 m, 18–19-VI-2000, coll. Wenzhu LI & Jian YAO; 1♂, Napo, Nonghua, 1000 m, 14-IV-1998, coll. Wenzhu LI; 5♂, Jinxiu, Shengtangshan, 900 m, 17–18-V-1999, coll. Wenzhu LI; 4♂, Shangsi, Hongqi Linchang, 300 m, 27–29-V-1999, coll. Decheng YUAN & Xuezhong ZHANG; 2♂1♀, Shangsi, Nanpingxiang, 350 m, 10-VI-2000, coll. Wenzhu LI; 15♂, Jinxiu, Luoxiang, 200–450 m, 15–16-V-1999, 30-VI-2000, coll. Decheng YUAN; 1♀, Longzhou, Nonggang, 330 m, 15-VI-2000, coll. Jian YAO; 1♂, Miao’ershan, Jiuniuchang, 1100 m, 10-VII-1985, coll. Ziqing WANG; 1♂2♀, Fangcheng, Banbaxiang, 550 m, 04-VI-2000, coll.

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Jian YAO; 2♂, Fangcheng, Fulong, 200–500 m, 23–25-V-1999, coll. Dajun LIU & Xin KE; 1♂, Nanning, 04-VII-1973, coll. Jinglian LIANG; 1♂, Longsheng, 10-VI-1980, coll. Linyao WANG. Sichuan: 1♂, Emeishan, Qingyinge, 800–1000 m, 29-IV-1957, coll. Fuxing ZHU. Yunnan: 1♂, Cangyuan, 1100 m, 19-V-1980, coll. Shimei SONG; 1♂, Mangshi, 1200 m, 04-IV-1980, coll. Jinwen SHANG; 1♀, Yiwubanna, Menglun, 08-IV-1964, coll. Baolin ZHANG. Tibet: 1♂, Mêdog, Beibeng, 812 m, 15-VIII-2006, coll. Songyun LANG. Distribution. China (Jilin, Henan, Shaanxi, Gansu, Jiangsu, Anhui, Zhejiang, Hubei, Jiangxi, Hunan, Fujian, Taiwan, Guangdong, Hainan, Hongkong, Guangxi, Sichuan, Yunnan, Tibet); Japan; Korea; India; Bhutan; Myanmar; Eastern Himalayan; Vietnam; Sri Lanka; Indonesia. 2. Fascellina plagiata (Walker, 1866) (Figs. 3, 4, 18, 24, 30) Geometra plagiata Walker, 1866: 1601, Syntype(s) ♀, India: Hindostan. Fascellina viridis Moore, 1867: 79, Pl. 7, Fig. 4. Syntype(s) ♀, India: Bengal (BMNH). Fascellina plagiata kankozana Matsumura, 1931: 900, figured. Syntype(s), including ♀, Japan? [Originally as a form of plagiata.]. Fascellina plagiata icteria Wehrli, 1936: 126, Fig. 40. Syntypes 4♂, China: Sichuan: Tachienlu [Kangding]; Siaolu. Fascellina plagiata subvirens Wehrli, 1936: 126, Fig. 41. Syntype(s), China: Sichuan: Siaolu; Tientsuen; Emeishan; Chongqing: Chiatingfu; Yunnan: Tseku; Zhejiang: Mokanshan, East & West Tienmushan; Hubei: Itchang; Ober-Burma. Diagnosis. In F. plagiata, the anal angle of forewing has an incision. The colour of the specimens is green in fresh; a greyish brown patch is present between the lower half of the postmedial line and the outer margin of forewing. In the male genitalia, the species is similar to that of F. inornata by the long and blunt uncus, but the apex of the uncus is differently shaped; the gnathos in F. plagiata is needle-like, while in F. inornata it is hook-like; the tegumen has a scobinate membrane on surface; F. plagiata has the left arm of furca longer than that in F. inornata. In addition, there is a bundle of long hairs on half of the vinculum in F. plagiata. In the female genitalia, the corpus bursae is round; the signum is irregularly shaped with two spines downwards. Specimens examined. China: Henan: 1♂, Huangbaishan, Damiao, 700 m, 12-VII-1999. Gansu: 1♂, Kangxian, Yangba Linchang, 1020 m, 10-VII-1999, coll. Chaodong ZHU. Qinghai: 1♂, Huzhu, Beishan Linchang, Langshidang, 2600 m, 07-VIII-2005, coll. Hongxiang HAN. Anhui: 1♂, Huangshan, 18-IX-1981, coll. Baolin ZHANG. Zhejiang: 1♂, Mokanshan, V-1936; 13♂, Tianmushan, 1500 m, 28–29-VII-2003, coll. Dayong XUE; 1♂, Suichang, Yuyan, 01-VIII-1983, coll. Xuesong TONG. Hubei: 1♂1♀, Xingshan, 1300 m, 29-VII-1980, 09-V-1994, coll. Wenzhu LI & Peiyu YU; 1♂, Badong, Sanxia Linchang, 180 m, 13-V-1994, coll. Wenzhu LI. Jiangxi: 11♂1♀, Dayu, 15-VII-1975, 16–18-VI-1977, coll. Shimei SONG; 3♂, Doushui, 03–07-VII-1975, coll. Shimei SONG; 1♀, Jiulianshan, 09-VI-1975, coll. Baolin ZHANG. Hunan: 3♂, Hengshan, 22-VIII, 03-IX-1979, coll. Baolin ZHANG; 1♂, V-1981; 1♂, Pingjiang, 02-IX-1981; 1♂, Changning, 14-VI-1981, coll. Peisheng HE; 1♂, Yueyang, 1981; 1♂, Yanling, Taoyuandong, 04-VI-2008, coll. Fuqiang CHEN; 1♀, Sangzhi, Bamaoxixiang, Shuitiannancun, 370 m, 11-VIII-2009, Zhongmin WEI. Fujian: 2♂, Wuyi, 23-IV, 04-VII-1982, coll. Shicheng QI & Baolin ZHANG; 1♂, Jiangle, 800 m, 15-IX-1990, coll. Bin YANG; 2♂, Jian’ou, Longcun, 17-X-1980; 1♂, Fuzhou, Fujian Forestry University, 20-X-1980, coll. Bi’e

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ZHUANG; 1♂, Da’andeng, 19-VI-1981, coll. Fan JIANG; 1♂, 10-VI-1981; 1♂, Nanjing, Huboliaoxiang, 195 m, 22–24-XI-2008, coll. Fuqiang CHEN; 2♂, Wuyishan, Huangxizhou, 500 m, 29-VII-2006, coll. Dayong XUE; 1♂, Shanghang, Meihuashan, Mafang, 1081–1147 m, 03–05-XI-2008, coll. Fuqiang CHEN; 1♂, Wuyishan, Sangang, 704 m, 11–14-VIII-2009, coll. Dayong XUE. Guangdong: 5♂, VII-1931, VII-1935, VI-1936. Hainan: 1♂, Baisha, Yinggeling, Yinggezui, 619 m, 17–19-XI-2009, coll. Chao YANG; 11♂1♀, Jianfengling, 805–982 m, 31-III-1968, 14-IV-1978, 08-IV-1983, 01–05-V-2007, 14–19-XII-2007, 23-III, 22–26-XI-2008, coll. Baolin ZHANG et al.; 1♂, Qiongzhong, Limuling, 620 m, 15-V-2007, coll. Songyun LANG; 4♂, Wuzhishan, Shuiman, 730–900 m, 10-V–08-XII-2007, 01-IV-2008, coll. Songyun LANG & Jing LI; 1♂, Baisha, Hongkan Reservoir, 553 m, 03–05-V-2009, coll. Fuqiang CHEN; 1♂, Bawangling, Dong’er Linchang, 19-XII-2007, coll. Jing LI; 5♂, Baisha, Yinggeling, 434 m, 04–05-IV-2008, coll. Songyun LANG. Hongkong: 1♂, Kowloon, 02-XII-1932. Guangxi: 1♂, Jinxiu, Shengtangshan, 900 m, 17-V-1999, coll. Wenzhu LI; 1♂1♀, Miao’er Shan, 800 m, 02-VII-1985, coll. Ziqing WANG; 1♂, Fangcheng, Banbaxaing, 550 m, 04-VI-2000, coll. Jian YAO; 1♀, Guilin, 18-VII-1979. Sichuan: 9♂, Emeishan, 600–1200 m, 21-VI-1955, 13–16-VI-1974, 15-VIII-1977, 12-VI-1979, coll. Ziqing WANG et al.; 4♂, Emeishan, Qingyinge, 800–1000 m, 18–23-VI-1957, 18-IX-1957, coll. Fuxing ZHU & Keren HUANG; 2♂, Emeishan, Jiulaodong, 1800–1900 m, 28-VII-1957, coll. Youcai LU; 8♂, Qingchengshan, 700–1600 m, 20-V–04-VI-1979, coll. Ping GAO & Jinwen SHANG; 1♂, Dukou, Lanmuqiao, 2150 m, 22-VIII-1980; 1♂, Guanxian, 700–1000 m, 04-VI-1979, coll. Jinwen SHANG. Guizhou: 1♂, Dayong, Zhushitou, 18-VIII-1988, coll. Yixin CHEN. Yunnan: 3♂, Tengchong, 1550–1800 m, 02-VI–06-VII-1979, 01-VIII-1980; 1♂, Yunlong, 2100 m, 28-VII-1980, 1♂, Binchuan, Longkou, 1200 m, 25-VI-1979; 1♂, Lianghe, Sanchahe, 25-IV-1979, coll. Tong WAN; 1♂, Jinghong, 20-IV-1978; 6♂, Tengchong, Heinitang, 1930 m, 28–30-V-1992, coll. Dayong XUE; 7♂, Tengchong, Dahaoping, 2020 m, 24–26-V-1992, 05–07-VIII-2007, Dayong XUE; 1♂, Baoshan, Bawan, 1040 m, 08–10-VIII-2007, coll. Chunguang WU; 1♂, Cangyuan, 750 m, 22-V-1980, coll. Jinwen SHANG; 2♂, Baoshan, Baihualing, 1520 m, 11–13-VIII-2007, coll. Chunguang WU. Tibet: 1♂, Mêdog, Hanmi, 2095 m, 01–10-VIII-2006, coll. Songyun LANG; 1♂, Nyingchi, Bomi, Tongmai, 2100 m, 29–31-VIII-2005, coll. Xuejian WANG; 1♂, Bomi, Yigong, 2300 m, 27-VIII-1987, coll. Yinheng HAN; 1♂, Mêdog, Aniqiao, 1060 m, 12–13-VIII-2006, coll. Songyun LANG. Distribution. China (Henan, Gansu, Qinghai, Anhui, Zhejiang, Hubei, Jiangxi, Hunan, Fujian, Guangdong, Taiwan, Hainan, Hongkong, Guangxi, Sichuan, Chongqing, Guizhou, Yunnan, Tibet); India; Nepal; Myanmar; Himalaya; Malaysia. 3. Fascellina rectimarginata Warren, 1894 (Figs. 5, 6, 19, 25, 31), new record to China Fascellina rectimarginata Warren, 1894: 446. Holotype ♀, India: Khasi Hills (BMNH). Fascellina cyanifera Swinhoe, 1894a: 201, Pl. 2, Fig. 13. Syntypes 1♂, 1♀, India: Khasi Hills, Cherrapunji (BMNH). Fascellina hypochlora Swinhoe, 1894b: 137. Holotype ♂, India: Khasi Hills, Cherrapunji (BMNH). Head. Dorsal surface of antennae greyish green, filiform with cilia in male. Frons greyish green, diffused with yellowish grey, or yellowish white with green scales, greyish yellow in female, slightly protruded. Labial palpus about 1/2 extended beyond frons, the first and second segments greyish green or yellowish brown, the third segment greyish brown. Vertex yellowish brown, diffused with greyish green scales.

112 Entomotaxonomia (2014) 36(2): 105–118

Figures 17–22. Male genitalia. 17. Fascellina chromataria Walker, 1860; 18. F. plagiata Walker, 1866; 19. F. rectimarginata Warren, 1894; 20. F. subsignata Warren, 1893; 21. F. inornata Warren, 1893; 22. F. porphyreofusa Hampson, 1895. Scale bars = 1 mm. Thorax. Patagium and tegula greyish green or greyish brown, diffused with yellowish brown or deep green scales, sometimes upper half of tegula greyish yellow and lower half greyish green or yellowish brown, greyish yellow in female. Dorsal side of thorax greyish green with yellow scales. Forewing length: ♂12–15 mm, ♀16 mm. Costa of forewing straight, curved near apex; apex of forewing a little protruded; outer margin straight; anal angle of forewing and apex of hindwing very weakly concaved. Outer margin of hindwing curved. The colour of both wings greyish green or greyish yellow, densely covered with blackish green stripes; anal angle of forewing and apex of hindwing deep green. Forewing with two white patches at middle of costa and apex; antemedial line deep green, protruding outwards on vein Sc with sharp angle; medial line deep green and straight; postmedial line protruding outwards between R5 and M1, accompanied by a fine line below M3; a slender line sometimes present between medial and postmedial lines, obvious on underside. Hindwing with postmedial line dark green and double, white between two lines, protruding outwards between M3 and CuA1, with deep green or brown band inside; subterminal line fine and arc-like. Fringes of both wings deep green. Underside: yellow on forewing and yellowish brown on hindwing; postmedial line dark green, protruding between R5 and M1, accompanied by a yellowish brown

CUI et al. Fascellina from China 113 band inside, and a white line outside; a greyish brown patch near apex; dark brown subterminal line present; hindwing with distinct dark brown postmedial and subterminal lines.

Figures 23–28. Aedeagus. 23. Fascellina chromataria Walker, 1860; 24. F. plagiata Walker, 1866; 25. F. rectimarginata Warren, 1894; 26. F. subsignata Warren, 1893; 27. F. inornata Warren, 1893; 28. F. porphyreofusa Hampson, 1895. Scale bars = 1 mm.

Male genitalia (Figs. 19, 25). Uncus long, with ventral setae. Median process of gnathos long and pointed. Juxta a pair of asymmetrical furca, left arm long, its base thick and gradually slender with long spines on one side; right arm thick and short, curved terminally with short thorns. Ventral side of valva with long hair, base with short hair, base of one third broad, the others narrowed rapidly; costa slightly curved; sacculus sclerotized weakly, ending with a blunt process. Aedeagus slender, cornuti with a sclerite and long setae. Coremata absent. Female genitalia (Fig. 31). Papilla analis oval. Apophyses anteriores very short, about 1/5 as long as apophyses posteriores. Lamella antevaginalis and postvaginalis unmodified. Ostium bursae sclerotized. Ductus bursae thick, rough and wrinkled near corpus bursae. Corpus bursae circled, similar length to ductus bursae, with two irregularly shaped, sclerotized signa. Diagnosis. This species is similar to F. plagiata, but lacks the large greyish brown patch on forewing; the anal angle of forewing is less incised; outer margins of both wings are arc-like. The postmedial line of hindwing is curved with shadow inside. In the male genitalia, F. rectimarginata is characterized by the presence of the saccular process. In addition, the apex of the uncus is blunt; the middle process of the gnathos is longer than that of F. subsignata; the tegumen has no membrane. In the female genitalia, F. rectimarginata is different from other

Chinese species that are known with the female genitalia having two signa. Specimens examined. China: Hainan: 4♂, Jianfengling, 30-VI-1981, 23–29-X-1981, 19-I-1982, coll. Youdong LIN & Yuanfu LIU; 1♂, Baisha, Yinggeling, Nankai, Fanglaocun, 790 m, 13-IV-2010, coll. Nan JIANG; 2♂, Bawangling, Dong’er Linchang, 1004–1015 m, 08–10-V-2007, 07-IV-2008, coll. Songyun LANG & Fuqiang CHEN; 1♀, Ledong, Jianfengling, 828 m, 24-III-2008, coll. Songyun LANG. Guangxi: 2♂, Fangcheng, Fulong, 500 m, 24-V-1999, coll. Yanzhou ZHANG; 1♂, Jinxiu, 450 m, 30-VI-2000, coll. Wenzhu LI. Distribution. China (Hainan, Guangxi); India. 4. Fascellina subsignata Warren, 1893 (Figs. 7, 8, 20, 26) Fascellina subsignata Warren, 1893: 399. Syntype(s) ♂, India: Sikkim (BMNH). Fascellina curtaca Swinhoe, 1893: 220. Holotype ♂, India: Khasi Hills (BMNH). Diagnosis. F. subsignata is quite close to F. rectimarginata for similar wing colour, but it

114 Entomotaxonomia (2014) 36(2): 105–118 can be differentiated by the distinct forewing postmedial line, which is more protruding between veins M, and approaching the outer margin. In F. subsignata, the anal angle of the forewing has a deeper incision, the outer margin of hindwing is more protruding and semicircular. The postmedial line of hindwing is also different: that line in F. rectimarginata is curved, while it is straight in F. subsignata. In the male genitalia, F. subsignata has similar gradually narrowed valva to F. rectimarginata, while it lacks the saccular process that is present in F. rectimarginata. In addition, the apex of uncus is pointed; the middle process of gnathos is very small; there is no membrane on tegumen; the aedeagus lacks cornutus. Specimens examined. China: Hainan: 1♂, Jianfengling, 09-VIII-1983, coll. Yuanfu LIU. Guangxi: 1♂, Napo, Defu, 1350 m, 19-VI-2000, coll. Wenzhu LI. Distribution. China (Taiwan, Hainan, Guangxi); India (Sikkim). 5. Fascellina inornata Warren, 1893 (Figs. 9–12, 21, 27), new record to China Fascellina inornata Warren, 1893: 399. Holotype ♂, India: Sikkim (BMNH). Fascellina fuscoviridis Warren, 1896: 320. Holotype ♂, India: Cherrapunji (BMNH). Fascellina pinratanai Inoue, 1992: 181, Figs. 78, 79. Holotype ♂, Thailand: Chiang Mai, Doi Inthanon (BMNH). Head. Dorsal surface of antennae greyish yellow or greyish brown, serrate with cilia in male. Frons deep greyish green with reddish brown edge, or frons reddish yellow, moderately protruded. Apex of labial palpus extended to frons, the first and second segments reddish yellow, the third segment greyish brown or yellowish brown. Vertex pale green to greyish green, or pale greyish yellow. Thorax. Patagium and tegula greyish green to olive green, with deep green or greyish brown band basally; dorsal side of thorax greyish green or greyish yellow; abdomen with dorsal side reddish yellow or yellowish green. Forewing length: ♂13–17 mm. Costa of forewing straight, bowed near apex; apex slightly pointed; outer margin straight; anal angle of forewing and apex of hindwing with incisions; outer margin of hindwing gently curved. The colour of both wings olive green, sometimes hindwing green, densely covered with greyish brown stripes. Fascias of forewing dark greenish brown to blackish brown, often dotted with white scales; antemedial line becoming a black spot at inner margin; medial line indistinct; postmedial line silvery, along with some silvery patches, sometimes the patches absent; middle of costa with an oval green patch edged by a dark brown band; terminal area dark brown, an irregularly green patch near apex; subterminal line silvery, dentate. Hindwing with postmedial line double, greyish brown, silvery inside; subterminal and terminal lines silvery or absent. Fringes blackish brown in both wings. Underside: reddish yellow to yellow, densely covered with reddish or greyish brown stripes; base of forewing with silvery scales; medial line indistinct below cell; postmedial line with white shadow outside; terminal area covered with dark greyish brown; hindwing with interrupted postmedial line and arc-like subterminal line, reddish yellow or greyish brown. Venation. R1+2 and R3+4 connected with a bar. Male genitalia (Figs. 21, 27). Uncus long with ventral setae. Median process of gnathos hook-like. Tegumen without membrane. Juxta with the left furca long, with hair-pencil, the right arm curved with spurs at tip. Valva long and narrow; costa slightly convex near base. Sacculus degenerated. Aedeagus slender, terminal sharp and pointed. Cornutus a blunt process present on vesica. Coremata absent. Female genitalia. Unknown.

CUI et al. Fascellina from China 115

Diagnosis. This species shares silvery postmedial and subterminal lines with F. porphyreofusa, but the forewing apex is less falcate, the forewing postmedial line is less protruding, and the hindwing outer margin on R5 is less protruding. In the male genitalia, F. inornata has similar uncus with F. rectimarginata, but lacks the saccular process. The terminal of the right furca is curved. The cornutus is different from others in the present work. Specimens examined. China: Hainan: 1♂, Baoting, 80 m, 24-V-1973, coll. Yixin CHEN. Hainan: 3♂, Lingshui, Diaoluoshan, 920–945.5 m, 02–03-V-2007, 29–31-III-2008, coll. Chunsheng WU; 1♂, Baisha, Yinggeling, Yinggezui, 619 m, 17–19-XI-2009, coll. Chao YANG; 11♂, Wuzhishan, Shuiman, 730–900 m, 08–11-V-2007, 01–03-IV-2008, coll. Hongxiang HAN & Songyun LANG; 3♂, Bawangling, Dong’er Linchang, 1015 m, 08–13-V-2007, 19–21-XII-2007, coll. Hongxiang HAN et al.; 2♂, Qiongzhong, Limushan, Qijiacun, 645 m, 03–07-IV-2010, coll. Nan JIANG; 1♂, Qiongzhong, Limuling, 620 m, 15-V-2007, coll. Hongxiang HAN; 2♂, Baisha, Hongkan Reservoir, 653 m, 03–05-V-2009, coll. Keji YAN; 11♂, Nankai, Nanmaola, 1261 m, 10–14-V-2009, coll. Fuqiang CHEN. Guangxi: 3♂, Miao’ershan, Jiuniuchang, 1100–1150 m, 08–13-VII-1985, coll. Chenglai FANG; 1♂, Miao’ershan, 1600 m, 15-VII-1985, coll. Chenglai FANG. Yunnan: 1♂, Tengchong, Dahaoping, 2020 m, 05–07-VIII-2007, coll. Chunguang WU. Tibet: 4♂, Mêdog, Hanmi, 2095 m, 10–11-VIII-2006, coll. Songyun LANG; 1♂, road from Mêdog to Bomi, 2113 m, 24–25-VIII-2006, coll. Songyun LANG; 1♂, Nyingchi, Bomi, Tongmai, 2100 m, 29–31-VIII-2005, coll. Xuejian WANG; 2♂, Nyingchi, Pailong, 2115 m, 01–02-IX-2005, coll. Xuejian WANG. Distribution. China (Hainan, Guangxi, Yunnan, Tibet); India; Nepal; Thailand. Remarks. Stüning (2000) synonymized F. pinratanai Inoue, 1992 with F. inornata, but mentioned that the former may be a subspecies of the latter. Our study confirmed that these two species have same male genitalia and same distribution. So it is reasonable that F. pinratanai is a synonym of F. inornata. 6. Fascellina porphyreofusa Hampson, 1895 (Figs. 13–16, 22, 28, 32), new record to China Fascellina porphyreofusa Hampson, 1895: 227. Syntype(s) ♂, India: Sikkim (BMNH). Head. Dorsal surface of antennae greyish yellow, the connection of each segment greyish black or yellowish grey, filiform with cilia in male. Frons yellowish brown, slightly protruded. Labial palpus about 1/2 extended beyond frons, the first and second segments yellowish brown, the third segment greyish brown. Vertex purplish grey. Thorax. Patagium purplish grey. Tegula with base purplish grey and terminal reddish brown. Dorsal side of thorax reddish brown. Abdomen with dorsal side reddish yellow. Forewing length: ♂13–15 mm, ♀16 mm. Costa of forewing slightly curved at middle, bowed near apex, apex falcate; outer margin of both wings straight, sharply angled at end of Rs of hindwing; anal angle of forewing and apex of hindwing with incisions; inner margin straight. The colour of both wings reddish brown to purplish brown; fascias usually puce. Forewing with two pinkish white patches on the middle of costa and apex area; the upper half of discal cell and the area between two pinkish white patches reddish yellow; antemedial line protruding outwards and forming a sharp angle at upper edge of cell; medial line slightly wavy; postmedial line near outer margin, dark brown with white line inside, protruding outwards and sharply angled at R5; outside of postmedial line with pinkish white shadow; subterminal line

116 Entomotaxonomia (2014) 36(2): 105–118 silvery white, wavy. Postmedial line nearly straight in hindwing, with white scales outside in male, pinkish white scales around in female, subterminal line silvery white, wavy. Fringes puce in both wings. Underside: paler than upside, diffused with puce strips; forewing with costa yellow; postmedial line silvery white, protruding outwards between R5 and M1, a puce band present inside postmedial line; terminal half of hindwing reddish yellow, postmedial line puce, arc-like.

Figures 29–32. Female genitalia. 29. Fascellina chromataria Walker, 1860; 30. F. plagiata Walker, 1866; 31. F. rectimarginata Warren, 1894; 32. F. porphyreofusa Hampson, 1895. Scale bars = 1 mm.

Male genitalia (Figs. 22, 28). Uncus thick, with ventral setae, terminal bifid, about 1/5 as long as uncus. Median process of gnathos slightly curved with teeth. Tegumen with membrane, rough in surface. Juxta a pair of asymmetric furcae, the left arm long, with spurs on one side, the right arm with terminal spines. Valva short and broad, terminal blunt, hairy; costa straight. Sacculus narrowed. Aedeagus curved, slender in central part, slightly expanded at both ends; cornuti a bundle of long setae. Coremata present. Female genitalia (Fig. 32). Papilla analis oval. Apophyses anteriores very short, about 1/5 as long as apophyses posteriores. Lamella antevaginalis strongly sclerotized, divided into two parts with gap in the middle; lamella postvaginalis an oval plate. Ductus bursae thick, ventrally sclerotized and wrinkled. Corpus bursae globular, similar length to ductus bursae; signum irregularly shaped, with two spurs upward. Diagnosis. This species is easily distinguishable from other congeneric species. The apex of the forewing is falcate; the outer margin of hindwing is straight and sharply angled at the end of Rs. The colour of this species is puce; the upper half of discal cell and the area between the two pinkish white patches are reddish yellow. In the male genitalia, the bifid uncus is similar to that of F. chromataria, but the split part in F. porphyreofusa is shorter; the tegumen has no membrane; the left arm of the furca is thicker than other species, the right one becomes vestigial; the aedeagus is slender in central section, and slightly curved. Specimens examined. China: Hainan: 1♂, Baisha, Nankai, Nanmaola, 1261 m, 10-V-2009, coll. Fuqiang CHEN. Guangxi: 8♂, Napo, Defu, 1350 m, 18–19-VI-2000, coll. Jian YAO & Wenzhu LI. Yunnan: 1♂, Tengchong, Danzha, 2500 m, 02–04-VI-1992, coll. Dayong XUE; 1♀, Baoshan, Baihualing, 1520 m, 11–13-VIII-2007, coll. Chunguang WU. Distribution. China (Hainan, Guangxi, Yunnan); India.

CUI et al. Fascellina from China 117

Acknowledgements

We sincerely thank Prof. Dayong XUE for his valuable suggestions. We also thank Dr. Nan JIANG for her kind help on many aspects of this work. This project was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (31172127, 31372176, 31272279, J1210002), and a grant from the Key Laboratory of the Zoological Systematics and Evolution of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (O529YX5105).

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