DOCSLIB.ORG

“Don't Go for Humiliation.” Mainland Chinese Cyber Nationalism Versus

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
“Don't Go for Humiliation.” Mainland Chinese Cyber Nationalism Versus “Don’t go for humiliation.” Mainland Chinese cyber nationalism versus visitation to Hong Kong Yang Liu A dissertation submitted to Auckland University of Technology in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Master of International Tourism Management (MITM) 2016 School of Hospitality and Tourism Primary Supervisor: Dr Charles S. Johnston Table of Contents List of Figures ............................................................................................................................... iv List of Tables ................................................................................................................................ v Attestation of Authorship ............................................................................................................ vi Acknowledgements .................................................................................................................... vii Abstract .............................................................................................................................. viii Chapter 1 Introduction ............................................................................................................ 9 1.1 Opening remarks ......................................................................................................................... 9 1.2 Assumptions, research question and objectives ........................................................................ 10 1.3 The methodology applied ......................................................................................................... 11 1.4 The significance of the study .................................................................................................... 12 1.5 The outline of the study ............................................................................................................ 13 Chapter 2 Background ........................................................................................................... 15 2.1 Introduction ............................................................................................................................... 15 2.2 From poor sibling to rich relative – The loss and return of Hong Kong .................................. 15 2.3 From Paradise to Heaven – The rise and fall of Mainland visitors to Hong Kong ................... 16 2.4 “One country, two systems” – The Chinese cyber nationalism towards Hong Kong .............. 22 2.4.1 “Dogs” vs “Locusts” ........................................................................................................ 24 2.4.2 Anchor babies in Hong Kong ............................................................................................ 26 2.4.3 Anti-parallel traders, Anti-individual visit ....................................................................... 26 2.5 The flourishing of Chinese cyber nationalism .......................................................................... 30 2.5.1 “No TOEFL, no GRE, concentrated on fighting back the U.S.” ...................................... 31 2.5.2 “Never travel to Japan, never be a Hanjian.” .................................................................. 32 2.5.3 “Boycott French goods starting from Carrefour” ........................................................... 35 2.6 Summary ................................................................................................................................... 36 Chapter 3 Literature Review ................................................................................................. 38 3.1 Introduction ............................................................................................................................... 38 3.2 Chinese cyber nationalism ........................................................................................................ 38 3.2.1 Nationalism ....................................................................................................................... 38 3.2.2 Chinese nationalism .......................................................................................................... 40 3.2.3 Chinese cyber nationalism ................................................................................................ 41 3.3 Tourist behaviour ...................................................................................................................... 43 3.3.1 Overview of tourist behaviour .......................................................................................... 43 3.3.2 Tourist attitude .................................................................................................................. 44 3.3.3 Tourist decision-making .................................................................................................... 45 3.4 Chinese nationalism in tourism ................................................................................................. 46 3.4.1 Consumer nationalism ...................................................................................................... 47 3.4.2 Chinese nationalism and tourist behaviour ...................................................................... 49 3.5 Summary ................................................................................................................................... 50 ii Chapter 4 Methodology ........................................................................................................ 51 4.1 Introduction ............................................................................................................................... 51 4.2 Methodological approach .......................................................................................................... 51 4.2.1 Research paradigm ........................................................................................................... 52 4.2.2 Quantitative and qualitative methodology ........................................................................ 53 4.3 Research design ........................................................................................................................ 54 4.4 Population and Sampling .......................................................................................................... 57 4.5 Data collection .......................................................................................................................... 59 4.6 Data analysis ............................................................................................................................. 60 4.6.1 ARIMA forecasting model for tourist arrivals analysis .................................................... 60 4.6.2 Content analysis for attitude and intention ....................................................................... 61 4.6.3 SPSS for Correlation analysis .......................................................................................... 64 4.7 Summary ................................................................................................................................... 65 Chapter 5 Findings and Discussion ....................................................................................... 66 5.1 Introduction ............................................................................................................................... 66 5.2 Mainland tourist arrivals pattern in Hong Kong ....................................................................... 66 5.2.1 Seasonality and growth tendency ...................................................................................... 68 5.2.2 ARIMA forecasting result ................................................................................................. 70 5.3 Chinese cyber nationalism patterns on Weibo .......................................................................... 71 5.3.1 Manifestation of Chinese cyber nationalism ..................................................................... 71 5.3.2 Response of “angry youth” ............................................................................................... 74 5.4 Attitude towards Hong Kong .................................................................................................... 79 5.4.1 Comparison of Computer-assisted versus Human coding results .................................... 79 5.4.2 Tendency of monthly comments versus monthly visitation growth rate ........................... 82 5.5 Travel intention ......................................................................................................................... 84 5.6 Correlation ................................................................................................................................ 87 5.6.1 Correlation between attitude and tourist arrival .............................................................. 87 5.6.2 Correlation between SMA attitude and tourist arrival ..................................................... 88 5.7 Summary ................................................................................................................................... 90 Chapter 6 Conclusion and Suggestions ................................................................................. 92 6.1 Recapitulation ........................................................................................................................... 92 6.2 Summary of research findings .................................................................................................
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Third Quarter Economic Report 2003
    THIRD QUARTER ECONOMIC REPORT 2003 ECONOMIC ANALYSIS DIVISION FINANCIAL SERVICES AND THE TREASURY BUREAU GOVERNMENT OF THE HONG KONG SPECIAL ADMINISTRATIVE REGION November 2003 CONTENTS Paragraphs CHAPTER 1: OVERALL VIEW Overall situation 1.1 - 1.9 The external sector 1.10 - 1.18 Domestic demand 1.19 - 1.23 The Government account 1.24 - 1.26 The property market 1.27 - 1.30 The labour market 1.31 - 1.34 Prices 1.35 - 1.37 The financial sector 1.38 - 1.42 CHAPTER 2: THE EXTERNAL SECTOR Major external influences 2.1 - 2.6 Overall visible and invisible trade situation 2.7 - 2.15 Visible trade Total exports of goods 2.16 - 2.29 Re-exports 2.30 - 2.33 Domestic exports 2.34 - 2.35 Outward processing trade 2.36 - 2.39 Imports of goods 2.40 - 2.41 Retained imports 2.42 - 2.45 Invisible trade Exports of services 2.46 - 2.49 Imports of services 2.50 - 2.53 Overall balance of payments 2.54 - 2.56 CHAPTER 3: THE DOMESTIC ECONOMY Net output or value added by major economic sector 3.1 - 3.2 Local manufacturing output 3.3 - 3.4 Service sector receipts 3.5 - 3.6 Property 3.7 - 3.16 Building and construction 3.17 - 3.23 Land 3.24 - 3.27 Electricity and gas 3.28 - 3.29 Internal transport 3.30 - 3.31 External transport 3.32 - 3.35 Tourism 3.36 - 3.41 Telecommunications 3.42 - 3.43 CHAPTER 4: THE FINANCIAL SECTOR Overall financial market situation 4.1 Exchange rates 4.2 - 4.4 Interest rates 4.5 - 4.7 Deposits and money supply 4.8 - 4.12 Hong Kong dollar external claims and liabilities of authorized 4.13 - 4.14 institutions Loans and advances 4.15 - 4.19 Banks
    [Show full text]
  • Chinese Popular Romance in Greater East Asia, 1937-1945 Chun-Yu Lu Washington University in St
    Washington University in St. Louis Washington University Open Scholarship Arts & Sciences Electronic Theses and Dissertations Arts & Sciences Spring 5-15-2016 Make Love and War: Chinese Popular Romance in Greater East Asia, 1937-1945 Chun-Yu Lu Washington University in St. Louis Follow this and additional works at: https://openscholarship.wustl.edu/art_sci_etds Part of the Asian Studies Commons, East Asian Languages and Societies Commons, Feminist, Gender, and Sexuality Studies Commons, Film and Media Studies Commons, Gender and Sexuality Commons, and the South and Southeast Asian Languages and Societies Commons Recommended Citation Lu, Chun-Yu, "Make Love and War: Chinese Popular Romance in Greater East Asia, 1937-1945" (2016). Arts & Sciences Electronic Theses and Dissertations. 800. https://openscholarship.wustl.edu/art_sci_etds/800 This Dissertation is brought to you for free and open access by the Arts & Sciences at Washington University Open Scholarship. It has been accepted for inclusion in Arts & Sciences Electronic Theses and Dissertations by an authorized administrator of Washington University Open Scholarship. For more information, please contact [email protected]. WASHINGTON UNIVERSITY IN ST. LOUIS Department of East Asian Languages and Cultures Committee on Comparative Literature Dissertation Examination Committee: Lingchei Letty Chen, Chair Robert E Hegel, Co-Chair Rebecca Copeland Diane Lewis Zhao Ma Marvin Marcus Make Love and War: Chinese Popular Romance in “Greater East Asia,” 1937-1945 by Chun-yu Lu A dissertation presented to the Graduate School of Arts & Sciences of Washington University in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy May 2016 St. Louis, Missouri © 2016, Chun-yu Lu Table of Content Acknowledgments .................................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Hong Kong : the Facts
    HONG KONG : THE FACTS Tourism The tourism industry is one of the major pillars of the Tourist Attractions and Facilities: The Government has economy of Hong Kong. The total tourism expenditure plans to develop a wide-range of diversified tourist associated to inbound tourism reached HK$91.8 billion in attractions in Hong Kong with a view to enhancing our 2004. overall attractiveness as a premier tourist destination. Visitor arrivals showed a strong recovery throughout 2004, reaching 21.81 million, a 40.4% year-on-year A number of enhancement projects are being carried increase. This not only surpassed arrivals for the whole of out to give a facelift to the existing popular tourist areas. 2003 but also topped the previous record of 16.57 million Beautification of the Sai Kung waterfront and the first arrivals in a full year, set in 2002. Along with the strong phase of Lei Yue Mun Improvement Project have been growth in the number of Mainland visitors, most other long completed. The Central and Western District Enhancement and short-haul markets are also performing healthily with Scheme is essentially completed with a minor portion still double-digit growth over 2003. Some of our key source subject to interfacing with another project in the same area. markets even achieved best-ever results in 2004 including Beautification works for the Tsim Sha Tsui Promenade and the Mainland China, the US, Canada, Australia, South Stanley waterfront are in progress and will be completed in Korea, Singapore, Malaysia and India. In January 2005, 2006 and 2007 respectively. Other projects being visitor arrivals continued its growing momentum with an planned include an improvement project for the Peak, a 8.3% growth and reached 1.89 million.
    [Show full text]
  • Saving Hong Kong's Cultural Heritage
    SAVING HONG KONG’S CULTURAL HERITAGE BY CECILIA CHU AND KYLIE UEBEGANG February 2002 Civic Exchange Room 601, Hoseinee House, 69 Wyndham Street, Central Tel: 2893-0213 Fax: 3105-9713 www.civic-exchange.org TABLE OF CONTENTS. page n.o ABBREVIATIONS AND TERMINOLOGY EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ………………………………………………………..….. 3 INTRODUCTION ……………………………………………………………….……. 4 PART I: CONSERVING HONG KONG 1. CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK…………………………………… 6 1.1 WHY CONSERVE? …………………………………………….. 6 1.2 HERITAGE CONSERVATION AND MANAGEMENT .…………..…. 6 1.3 CHALLENGES OF HERITAGE CONSERVATION ……………..….. 7 1.4 AN OVERVIEW OF HERITAGE CONSERVATION IN HONG KONG… 7 2. PRACTICAL FRAMEWORK 2.1 EXISTING HERITAGE CONSERVATION FRAMEWORK …………. 9 • LEGAL FRAMEWORK ……………………………………..…….10 • ADMINISTRATIVE FRAMEWORK …..………………….. 13 • TOURISM BODIES ……………………………..……… 14 • INTERNATIONAL BODIES …………………….………. 15 • PRIVATE SECTOR PARTICIPATION .………….……….. 17 2.2 CONSTRAINTS WITH THE EXISTING HERITAGE CONSERVATION FRAMEWORK • OVERALL ……………………………………………… 19 • LEGAL FRAMEWORK ..………………………………… 21 • ADMINISTRATIVE FRAMEWORK ………...…………….. 24 • TOURISM BODIES ….…………………………………… *27 PART II: ACHIEVING CONSERVATION 3. RECOMMENDATIONS 3.1 OVERALL ……..………………………………………………. 29 3.2 LEGAL AND ADMINISTRATIVE .………...……...………………….. 33 4. CASE STUDIES 4.1 NGA TSIN WAI VILLAGE …….………………………………. 34 4.2 YAUMATEI DISTRICT ………………………………………... 38 CONCLUSION ………………………………………………………………………… 42 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS ………………………………………………………………. 43 ABBREVIATIONS AAB Antiquities Advisory Board AFCD Agriculture, Fisheries and Conservation Department
    [Show full text]
  • Images of Women in Chinese Literature. Volume 1. REPORT NO ISBN-1-880938-008 PUB DATE 94 NOTE 240P
    DOCUMENT RESUME ED 385 489 SO 025 360 AUTHOR Yu-ning, Li, Ed. TITLE Images of Women in Chinese Literature. Volume 1. REPORT NO ISBN-1-880938-008 PUB DATE 94 NOTE 240p. AVAILABLE FROM Johnson & Associates, 257 East South St., Franklin, IN 46131-2422 (paperback: $25; clothbound: ISBN-1-880938-008, $39; shipping: $3 first copy, $0.50 each additional copy). PUB TYPE Books (010) Reports Descriptive (141) EDRS PRICE MF01/PC10 Plus Postage. DESCRIPTORS *Chinese Culture; *Cultural Images; Females; Folk Culture; Foreign Countries; Legends; Mythology; Role Perception; Sexism in Language; Sex Role; *Sex Stereotypes; Sexual Identity; *Womens Studies; World History; *World Literature IDENTIFIERS *Asian Culture; China; '`Chinese Literature ABSTRACT This book examines the ways in which Chinese literature offers a vast array of prospects, new interpretations, new fields of study, and new themes for the study of women. As a result of the global movement toward greater recognition of gender equality and human dignity, the study of women as portrayed in Chinese literature has a long and rich history. A single volume cannot cover the enormous field but offers volume is a starting point for further research. Several renowned Chinese writers and researchers contributed to the book. The volume includes the following: (1) Introduction (Li Yu- Wing);(2) Concepts of Redemption and Fall through Woman as Reflected in Chinese Literature (Tsung Su);(3) The Poems of Li Qingzhao (1084-1141) (Kai-yu Hsu); (4) Images of Women in Yuan Drama (Fan Pen Chen);(5) The Vanguards--The Truncated Stage (The Women of Lu Yin, Bing Xin, and Ding Ling) (Liu Nienling); (6) New Woman vs.
    [Show full text]
  • An Analysis on the Latest Developments and Comparative Advantages of Offshore RMB Centers
    ECONOMIC REVIEW(A Monthly Issue) March, 2014 Economics & Strategic Planning Department http://www.bochk.com An Analysis on the Latest Developments and Comparative Advantages of Offshore RMB Centers Liu Hong, Economist Recently, London and the Chinese government have signed a Memorandum of Understanding on RMB clearing and settlement, and offshore RMB businesses in Europe are growing steadily. According to the latest Global Financial Centers Index (GFCI) compiled by Z/Yen, a well-known London based Group, London, Hong Kong and Singapore were ranked as the second, third, and fourth global financial centers respectively. As top-tier international global financial centers, Hong Kong, London and Singapore have similar advantages in developing offshore RMB businesses, such as favorable time-zones, robust legal systems, free capital flow, relatively low tax rates and English language backgrounds etc. Meanwhile, these three financial centers also have their unique comparative advantages in developing offshore RMB businesses. I. Comparative advantages of Hong Kong Hong Kong is the largest offshore RMB center. It provides wholesale business functions thanks to the following comparative advantages. 1. Geographical location advantage with close proximity to onshore RMB market. Geographically, Hong Kong is near the mainland market and next to Guangdong province. As a result, Hong Kong has a first-mover advantage in business cooperation with the mainland. Firstly, there is close bilateral trade between Hong Kong and the mainland. According to statistics from the General Administration of Customs of the People's Republic of China, total bilateral trade amounted to USD 401 billion between Hong Kong and the mainland in 2013. Secondly, Hong Kong is the greatest source of the mainland's foreign direct investment and vice versa.
    [Show full text]
  • Marriage Practice of the Chinese Communist Party in Modern Era, 1910S-1950S
    Western University Scholarship@Western Electronic Thesis and Dissertation Repository 8-23-2011 12:00 AM From Marriage Revolution to Revolutionary Marriage: Marriage Practice of the Chinese Communist Party in Modern Era, 1910s-1950s Wei Xu The University of Western Ontario Supervisor James Flath The University of Western Ontario Graduate Program in History A thesis submitted in partial fulfillment of the equirr ements for the degree in Doctor of Philosophy © Wei Xu 2011 Follow this and additional works at: https://ir.lib.uwo.ca/etd Part of the Asian History Commons, Chinese Studies Commons, Cultural History Commons, Family, Life Course, and Society Commons, Gender and Sexuality Commons, History of Gender Commons, Inequality and Stratification Commons, Social Control, Law, Crime, and Deviance Commons, Social History Commons, Women's History Commons, and the Women's Studies Commons Recommended Citation Xu, Wei, "From Marriage Revolution to Revolutionary Marriage: Marriage Practice of the Chinese Communist Party in Modern Era, 1910s-1950s" (2011). Electronic Thesis and Dissertation Repository. 232. https://ir.lib.uwo.ca/etd/232 This Dissertation/Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by Scholarship@Western. It has been accepted for inclusion in Electronic Thesis and Dissertation Repository by an authorized administrator of Scholarship@Western. For more information, please contact [email protected]. FROM MARRIAGE REVOLUTION TO REVOLUTIONARY MARRIAGE: MARRIAGE PRACTICE OF THE CHINESE COMMUNIST PARTY IN MODERN ERA 1910s-1950s (Spine
    [Show full text]
  • Visitor Arrivals 1
    Monthly Tourism Highlights –January to August 2019 Visitor Arrivals 1. Visitor Arrivals ➢ Visitor arrivals of 3.62 million was recorded in Aug 2019 with 6.5% year-on-year growth. This has significantly shrunk compared with the 16.3% growth in Jul and is possibly because of the protest in Hong Kong which reduced tourists’ intention in coming to Macao; Overnight Stay Visitors recorded a 5.7% year-on-year drop to 1.70 million arrivals. ➢ Average length of stay of visitors was 1.2 day in Aug, which was the same as last year; overnight stay visitors was up by 0.1 day to 2.3 days. ➢ Visitor arrivals of 27.44 million was recorded during Jan to Aug 2019, registering an increase of 18.0% compared with the same period of 2018. ➢ Among those, although overnight stay visitors increased by 5.7% to 12.90 million, same day visitors grew largely by 31.6% which led the proportion of overnight stay visitors dropped by 5.5 percentage point over year to 47.0%. ➢ For Jan to Aug, the average length of stay of visitors stood at 1.2 day and overnight visitors stayed 2.2 days, both was the same as 2018. % 2019 % 2019 Aug Visitor Arrivals to Change Jan to Aug Change Macao Jan to Aug 2019 Visitor Arrivals 3,623,116 +6.5% 27,437,982 +18.0% Same Day Visitor 1,926,319 +20.2% 14,540,874 +31.6% Overnight Ratio % (53.2%) (53.0%) Same Day Stay Visitor Visitor Overnight Stay Visitor 1,696,797 -5.7% 12,897,108 +5.7% 47.0% 53.0% Ratio % (46.8%) (47.0%) 2.
    [Show full text]
  • CHAPTER 1 Inland Revenue Department Administration of Hotel
    CHAPTER 1 Inland Revenue Department Administration of hotel accommodation tax Audit Commission Hong Kong 28 March 2007 This audit review was carried out under a set of guidelines tabled in the Provisional Legislative Council by the Chairman of the Public Accounts Committee on 11 February 1998. The guidelines were agreed between the Public Accounts Committee and the Director of Audit and accepted by the Government of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region. Report No. 48 of the Director of Audit contains 8 Chapters which are available on our website at http://www.aud.gov.hk. Audit Commission 26th floor, Immigration Tower 7 Gloucester Road Wan Chai Hong Kong Tel : (852) 2829 4210 Fax : (852) 2824 2087 E-mail : [email protected] ADMINISTRATION OF HOTEL ACCOMMODATION TAX Contents Paragraph PART 1: INTRODUCTION 1.1 Hotel accommodation tax 1.2 – 1.3 Role of the Inland Revenue Department 1.4 Types of establishments 1.5 Audit review 1.6 – 1.7 General response from the Administration 1.8 – 1.9 Acknowledgement 1.10 PART 2: CHARGING OF HOTEL ACCOMMODATION TAX 2.1 Legislation 2.2 – 2.5 Establishments providing long-term accommodation 2.6 – 2.12 Audit observations 2.13 – 2.17 Audit recommendations 2.18 Response from the Administration 2.19 Accommodation charges 2.20 Audit observations 2.21 – 2.27 Audit recommendations 2.28 Response from the Administration 2.29 Tax implications of exemption provisions 2.30 Audit observations 2.31 – 2.33 Audit recommendations 2.34 Response from the Administration 2.35 — i — Paragraph PART 3: COLLECTION OF HOTEL
    [Show full text]
  • Hong Kong Budget Summary 2005
    Tricor, a member of the Bank of East Asia Group, is a leading professional provider of April 2005 Vol. 2, No.2 integrated business, corporate and investor services in Hong Kong, Greater China and South East Asia. Our services include Accounting, Company Formation, Corporate Governance & Company Secretarial, Executive Search & Selection, Initial Public Offerings & Share Registration, Payroll, Fund and Trust Administration. Tricor has built its reputation and professional expertise through the acquisition of the corporate service businesses of three of the “Big 4” international accounting firms: Deloitte Touche Tohmatsu and Ernst & Young in Hong Kong, and PricewaterhouseCoopers in Hong Kong and Singapore. Our mission is to be The Business Enabler of choice. Principal Tricor subsidiaries Abacus Share Registrars Limited Barbinder & Co Pte Ltd Evatthouse Corporate Services Pte Ltd Outsource Centre Pte Ltd Secretaries Limited Standard Registrars Limited Member of the BEA Group Strath Corporate Services Limited Tengis Limited Tricor Executive Resources Limited Please visit our website at www.tricor.com.hk Tricor Investor Services Limited © 2005 Tricor Services Limited. All Rights Reserved. E-mail: [email protected] MemberMember ofof thethe BEABEA GroupGroup Beijing Hong Kong Macau Shanghai Singapore Tortola (BVI) Tricor Consultancy Tricor Services Limited Tengis Business Services Shanghai Tricor Tengis Tricor Singapore Pte Tricor International (Beijing) Limited 28/F, BEA Harbour View Limited Consultancy Limited Limited Trustee Limited Suite 1808-1809 Centre 17 Andar E Room 3109-17 #11-00 PWC Building, East Asia Chambers, P.O. China World Tower 1 56 Gloucester Road Praia Grande Commercial 31/F Shanghai Central 8 Cross Street, Box 901 China World Trade Centre Wanchai, Hong Kong Centre Plaza Singapore 048424 Road Town, Tortola 1 Jian Guo Men Wai No.
    [Show full text]
  • RMB on HK.Pdf (1.154Mb)
    SAE./No.83/July 2017 Studies in Applied Economics AN ANALYSIS OF THE IMPACT OF RMB DEPRECIATION ON HONG KONG Richard (Ziyuan) Li Johns Hopkins Institute for Applied Economics, Global Health, and Study of Business Enterprise An Analysis of the Impact of RMB Depreciation on Hong Kong By Richard (Ziyuan) Li Copyright 2017 by Richard Li. This work may be reproduced provided that no fee is charged and the original source is properly cited. About the Series The Studies in Applied Economics series is under the general direction of Professor Steve H. Hanke, Co-Director of The Johns Hopkins Institute for Applied Economics, Global Health and the Study of Business Enterprise ([email protected]). The authors are mainly students at The Johns Hopkins University in Baltimore. Some performed their work as summer research assistants at the Institute. This working paper is one in a series on currency boards. The currency board working papers will fill gaps in the history, statistics, and scholarship of the subject. About the Author Richard Li ([email protected]) is a graduate student at The Johns Hopkins University in Baltimore, pursuing a master’s degree in Financial Mathematics. He wrote this paper as a research assistant at the Institute for Applied Economics, Global Health, and the Study of Business Enterprise in Spring 2017. He will graduate in December 2017. Abstract Hong Kong is one of the main economies operating a currency board system today. With its currency fixed to the U.S. dollar, the system has functioned successfully since it was restarted in 1983. The last time it faced severe challenges was during the East Asian financial crisis of 1997-98.
    [Show full text]
  • Chapter 10 TOURISTS' PERCEPTIONS of FOOD TRUCKS
    Tourists' perceptions of food trucks in Asia: a Hong Kong case study Author Kwek, Anna, Lee, Derrick Published 2020 Book Title Tourism in Asian Cities Version Submitted Manuscript (SM) DOI https://doi.org/10.4324/9780429264801-13 Copyright Statement © 2020 Taylor & Francis. This is an Accepted Manuscript of a book chapter published by Routledge in Tourism in Asian Cities on 18 December 2020, available online: https:// doi.org/10.4324/9780429264801-13 Downloaded from http://hdl.handle.net/10072/402481 Griffith Research Online https://research-repository.griffith.edu.au Chapter 10 TOURISTS’ PERCEPTIONS OF FOOD TRUCKS IN ASIA: A HONG KONG CASE STUDY Derrick Lee, C.H. and Anna Kwek Introduction Rapid urbanisation worldwide has seen city planners acknowledge the economic, social and cultural importance of creating sustainable, vibrant and inclusive communities through food. Public spaces that include food are most appealing and attract people to urban landscape. Reflecting the intangible cultural heritage of a destination, consuming local food is an authentic experience for tourists, providing a link between food, place and tourism (Privitera and Nesci 2015). Researchers have found that satisfying food tourism experiences can boost tourists’ overall perception of a destination (Smith and Xiao 2008). As a result, local food has regularly been used by governments to promote their cities. Hong Kong Tourism Board (HKTB) believes that the diversity of the city’s international cuisines has become a major competitive advantage (Enright and Newton 2005). The gastronomic image of Hong Kong is enhanced by food festivals, competition such as the Best of the Best Culinary Awards, and trade shows.
    [Show full text]