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El Saxofón En Guatemala Historia | Ejecución | Educación

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El Saxofón En Guatemala Historia | Ejecución | Educación El Saxofón en Guatemala Historia | Ejecución | Educación Presentado por Rosse Mary Elizabeth Aguilar Barrascout Licenciatura en Ejecución Musical Programa de Actualización y Cierre Profesional UNIVERSIDAD DA VINCI DE GUATEMALA Guatemala, 6 de mayo de 2019. ABSTRACT El saxofón, uno de los instrumentos relativamente más recientes en la historia de la música, ha sido parte de la enseñanza y la formación de músicos ejecutantes en Guatemala. Es un instrumento altamente versátil, y con una creciente oferta educativa local. El presente trabajo, siendo el primero en su tipo en el país, aborda la historia del instrumento, desde su creación en Europa hasta su llegada a América; se menciona su uso en bandas marciales y el jazz, no solo en EEUU sino en Guatemala, en donde ha cumplido un papel importante en la formación de músicos. Se presentan las instituciones públicas y privadas, de tipo extraescolar, educación media y superior, en donde se ejecuta y enseña el instrumento. Se toma como base el método inductivo, y los datos fueron recopilados en base a observación, entrevistas, cuestionarios e historias de vida de algunos de las personas importantes en el tema. La delimitación del tiempo del saxofón en el país está abierta, ya que es instrumento que está empezando a popularizarse; se encuentran registros de los primeros saxofonistas de Guatemala a principios del siglo XX hasta nuestros días, no siendo muchos en número. Este trabajo deja una puerta abierta a seguir recopilando nombres, instituciones, ensambles, bandas, orquestas y dejar un legado importante sobre el saxofón en el país, debido a que no existía un registro del tema. 2 TABLA DE CONTENIDOS ABSTRACT ............................................................................................................................... 2 INTRODUCCIÓN ..................................................................................................................... 5 JUSTIFICACIÓN ...................................................................................................................... 7 MARCO TEÓRICO .................................................................................................................. 8 CAPÍTULO 1: INSTRUMENTOS DE VIENTO EN LA MÚSICA OCCIDENTAL ............................... 8 Instrumentos de viento metal ..................................................................................................... 8 ................................................................................................................................................... 9 Instrumentos de viento madera ................................................................................................ 10 El saxofón ............................................................................................................................................................. 12 El inventor del saxofón: Antoine Joseph Sax (1814 – 1894) ................................................................................ 15 CAPÍTULO 2: PANORAMA HISTÓRICO DEL SAXOFÓN EN EL SIGLO XX ............................... 20 El Saxofón llega a América, Siglo XX. .................................................................................... 20 El Saxofón en el Jazz ............................................................................................................................................ 23 El resto de América .............................................................................................................................................. 25 Reseña de las Bandas Militares en la Historia e Incursión del Saxofón ................................. 26 La Banda Militar en Guatemala ........................................................................................................................... 31 El saxofón en la Banda Marcial ............................................................................................................................ 35 Escuela Militar de Música .................................................................................................................................... 38 Conservatorio Nacional de Música Germán Alcántara –CNM- ............................................. 41 El saxofón en el Conservatorio Nacional de Música ............................................................................................ 42 Sobre los 54 años de silencio del saxofón en el CNM .......................................................................................... 43 CAPITULO 3: HISTORIA DE LA EDUCACIÓN MUSICAL DE NIVEL MEDIO EN GUATEMALA 44 Surgimiento de la Escuelas Normales de Música .................................................................... 44 Escuela Normal de Maestros de Educación Musical Jesús María Alvarado (ENMEM) ...................................... 44 Escuela Normal Cristiana para Maestros de Educación Musical “Alfredo Colom”. ............................................ 45 Otras Escuelas Normales de Música en el país ..................................................................................................... 46 El saxofón en las escuelas normales de música y la oferta laboral ....................................................................... 47 La eliminación del Magisterio Musical, la creación del Bachillerato en CCLL con Orientación en Educación Musical y la creación del FID ...................................................... 48 Comentario crítico sobre la relevancia de estos hechos hacia el estudio del saxofón ............ 51 Otras Instituciones con práctica del Saxofón .......................................................................... 51 Hospicio de Guatemala ........................................................................................................................................ 51 Centros educativos públicos y privados ............................................................................................................... 53 Escuela Municipal de Música ............................................................................................................................... 58 Escuela Municipal de San Raymundo .................................................................................................................. 59 CAPÍTULO 4: OFERTA EDUCATIVA MUSICAL A NIVEL SUPERIOR ....................................... 60 Universidad de San Carlos de Guatemala (USAC) ................................................................. 62 Universidad del Valle de Guatemala (UVG) ........................................................................... 64 Universidad Galileo ................................................................................................................ 66 Universidad InterNaciones ...................................................................................................... 68 Universidad Panamericana (UPANA) ..................................................................................... 69 Universidad Da Vinci de Guatemala (UDV) ........................................................................... 70 Resumen de oferta universitaria con relevancia al saxofón. ................................................... 72 CAPÍTULO 5: LA EJECUCIÓN DEL SAXOFÓN EN GUATEMALA .............................................. 73 Libros y métodos de estudio .................................................................................................... 75 Algunos ejecutantes de Guatemala ......................................................................................... 77 3 CONCLUSIONES Y RECOMENDACIONES ........................................................................ 90 REFERENCIAS BIBLIOGRÁFICAS ..................................................................................... 91 SOBRE EL AUTOR ................................................................................................................ 93 4 Introducción La música ha acompañado al ser humano a través de su evolución durante toda la historia, y los instrumentos de viento datan desde hace aproximadamente 20,000 años a.C. El descubrimiento de dichos instrumentos, así como muchos descubrimientos en la historia, pudo haber casual; pudo haber sido el paso del viento y el choque contra algún cuerpo lo que hizo al ser humano descubrirlos. Lo que sí sabemos es que el primer instrumento musical del que el hombre ha sido consciente, es el cuerpo mismo: el cuerpo percutido, la danza y la voz humana. Mientras el hombre fue evolucionando en la historia, fue descubriendo sonidos: el choque de dos piedras, el sonido del viento contra las copas de los árboles y el viento correr dentro de las cuevas, el sonido que cada animal emitía para llamar a su manada, la imitación de dichos sonidos para comunicarse… Cada evento producía un sonido, y mientras el hombre se volvió cazador, encontraba uso en las pieles, huesos y demás restos no perecederos de los animales. Así fue como se descubrió el secado y curtido de pieles, y de alguna forma se crearon los primeros instrumentos de percusión. Del mismo modo, los huesos y los cuernos de algunos animales permitieron el desarrollo de los instrumentos de viento; se empezó a conocer en la práctica, la experiencia y el ensayo-error, sobre algunos principios básicos de la acústica en referencia al tamaño de los cuerpos y el sonido que producían (agudo, medio o grave). Los instrumentos y la música en esas expresiones primitivas, permitieron al hombre desenvolverse en su medio, sobrevivir y aprender.
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