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C:\Users\Plazma\Desktop\Detektvky a Valečné\Zmes 34. Kníh Z 2.Sv ABC Amber Palm Converter, http://www.processtext.com/abcpalm.html C:\Users\Plazma\Desktop\detektvky a valečné\Zmes 34. kníh z 2.sv. vojny\Jiří Rajlich Stíhači nad kanálem.pdb PDB Name: Stíhači nad kanálem Creator ID: REAd PDB Type: TEXt Version: 0 Unique ID Seed: 0 Creation Date: 22.9.2008 Modification Date: 22.9.2008 Last Backup Date: 1.1.1970 Modification Number: 0 Jiří Rajlich Jiří Sehnal Stíhači nad kanálem Československý stíhací wing RAF 1942 -1945 NAŠE VOJSKO Page 1 ABC Amber Palm Converter, http://www.processtext.com/abcpalm.html PŘEDMLUVA (C) Jiří Rajlich, Jiří Sehnal,1 Když jsem byl požádán o napsání předmluvy ke STÍHAČŮM NAD KANÁLEM,jen těžko jsem potlačoval své velké pohnutí. Na mysli mi naráz vytanuly okamžiky staré téměř půl století, neboť ani tak dlouhý časový odstupje nedokázal vymazat z mého vědomí. Byly to doby, kdyjsem wing neohrožených chlapců s nášivkami CZECHOSLOVAKIA na uniformách vodil na sweepy nad obsazenou Evropu. Znovujsem prožíval chn7e vítězství, ale také chvi7e tragické, kdyžjsme ztratili kamaráda. Opětjsem si vybavil onen nezapomenutelný dojem, kdyžjsem v srpnu 1945 přivedl československý stíhací wing až do svobodné Prahy. Jsem osobně poctěn, že mohu napsat předmluvu k tak úplné a vyčerpávající knize o čs. shhačích v Anglii. Moji mladí přátelé, autoři této knihy se svého úkolu zhostili způsobem, který nemá v naší historické literatuře obdoby. Jménem svým ijménem všech bývalých příslušníků našeho stíhacího wingujim za to vzdávám upřímný dík. Wing Commander RAF, plukovník letectva v.v.* JAROSLAV HLAĎO nositel DSO, DFC, OBE a sedmi s. válečných křížů a poslední velitel čs. stfhacího wingu *Pan Jaroslav Hlado zemřef v Praze 21.1.1990. Rozkazem prezidenta ČSFR ze dne 17. 12.1990 bylln memorlam povýšen na generálmajora. I 5 I Page 2 ABC Amber Palm Converter, http://www.processtext.com/abcpalm.html ÚVOD ostává se vám do rukou kniha Stíhači nad Kanálem, která pojednává o bojové činnosti československých stihačú v řadách RAF. Svým obsahem se soustředúje předevšim na okolnosti vzniku a vlastni operačni činnost čs. stihaciho wingu v letech 1942-1945, vyšši československé Ietecké jednotky, složené ze všech tři čs. stihacich peruti RAF. Tematika čs. letectva ve Velké Británii je vrak daleko širši nežli problematika čs. stihaciho wingu existujiciho pouhé tři válečné roky. Nelze pominout311. čs. bombardovaci peruťani dalši naše letce bojujici v řadách jinonárodnich jednotek RAF, jakož i činnost čs. stihacich peruti v letech 1940-1941, tedy ještěpřed zformovánim wingu. Toho jsme si byli s Jiřim Sehnalem dostatečně vědomi. Že jsme nezpracovali tyto kapitoly slavné historie čs. letectva v RAF, nebylo rozhodně způsobeno tim, že bychom neměli dostatek materiálů, opak je pravdou. Komplexnim zpracovánim zminěné problematiky by však publikace narostla do neúnosných rozměrů. Jsme však rozhodnuti, a již nyni pracujeme na dalši publikaci, která osvětli i tyto kapitoly. V rámci zpracováni Stihačů nad Kanálem jsme se alespoň snažili tuto problematiku nastinit, neboťi ona k historii čs. wingu patři a přimo či nepřimo jeho vznik a činnost ovlivňovala. K ucelenějšimu pohledu na činnost všech čs. stihačů v RAFproto slouži i rozsáhlý přilohový materiál. Do něj jsme zařadili jak základni údaje o čs. a jinonárodnich perutich RAF, u nichž bojovali čs. stíhači, tak i kompletni seznam všech stihacich letců, kteři stihacimi jednotkami RAFprošli, spolu s velmi podrobnými údaji o jejich službě. Ze stejného důvodu jsme zařadili i kompletni a podrobně vypracovaný přehled všech vzdušných vitězstvi dosažených v RAF. Tyto přilohy vznikaly dlouholetým pečlivým a odpovědným studiem oficiálnich i soukromých archivnich materiálů nejen v Geskoslovensku, ale i ve Velké Británii, Německu a v dalšich zemich. Jsou publikovány vůbec poprvé. ematika čs. letectva na západni frontě byla orgány minulého režimu často bagatelizována. Jen zřidkakdy byly po těchto letcich nazvány ulice ve městech a ve vesnicich, z nichž v letech 1939 a 1940 odcházeli vstřic krajně nejisté budoucnosti. A přece v dobách války tito mladi a odhodlani muži prokázali své porobené vlasti tolik služeb jako snad nikdo jiný. Svědči o tom nejen strohá statistická čisla počtu bojových letů, vitězstvi a ztrát, ale i politický dosah jejich činnosti po boku spojeneckých letectev. Jednim z přispěvků k osvětleni této činnosti je i tato kniha. Jiři Rajlich I 6 I I 7 I Page 3 ABC Amber Palm Converter, http://www.processtext.com/abcpalm.html PODĚKOVÁNÍ ři přípravě knihy STÍHAČI NAD KANÁLEMjsme měli tu čest spolupracovat s řadou bývalých příslušníků československého stíhacího wingu RAF. Poskytli nám neocenitelné informace, zapůjčili nám řadu dokumentů a fotografii a přispěli i osobními vzpomínkami na činnost tohoto čs. leteckého útvaru. Jsou to Vít Angetter (USA), František Burda(1), Jan Čermák(), Miroslav Černý, Jaroslav Dobrovolný, Ing. Karel Drbohlav, Ing. František Fajtl, Ing. Jaroslav Hlaďo(), Stanislav Hlučka, Otakar Hrubý, František Chábera, Jaroslav Chmel, Romuald Kirchner(), Miloslav Kratochví!-Bitton (Velká Británie), Pavel Kocfelda(1), Antonín Liška, František Loucký(t), Jiří Maňák, František Mareš (Velká Británie), Ing. Karel Mrázek, Jiří Hartman (Velká Británie), František Peřina (USA), Ladislav Sitenský, Josef Stehhlc(i), Ladislav Světlk (Nový Zéland), Alois Štanc, Pavel Tauber, Ladislav Valoušek, Antonín Vendl a Ladislav Zadrob8ek. Jsme rovněž zavázáni paní Aleně Kučerové a Dagmar Šromové, vdovám po Jiřím Kučerovi a Leopoldu Šromovi. Vítanou pomoc a podporu nám poskytli rovněž Ludnk Klímek, Tomáš Polák, MUDr. Vít Novák, Ing. Mirko Zedm7c, dále PhDr. Jiří Jožák a PhDr. Jan Střibrný, PhDr. Vladimír Karlický, PhDr. Zdeněk Jelínek, CSc., PhDr. František Helešic, Jan Sigmund a Marcel Ludikar. Cenné údajejsme získali i od našich kolegů leteckých historiků v zahraničí. Jsou to Gebhard Aders, Gerd-Giinther Voss, Dipl. Ing. Winfried Bock a Carl E. Charles z Německa, Martin Goodman a Chris Dunning z Velké Británie, Jean-Louis Roba a Dirk Decuypere z Belgie a Hans Luiken z Nizozemska. Bezjejich přispění by kniha nikdy nemohla mít tuto podobu. ČESKOSLOVENŠTf STÍHAČI V RAF 1940 - 1942 Dne 25. června 1940 utichly výstřely na francouzsko-německé frontě. Francie kapitulovala a nacistické Německo se stalo takřka neomezeným pánem na evropském kontinentě. V další cestě ke světovládě mu scházelo srazit na kolena Velkou Británii, ostrovní říši, která tehdy osamocena stála tváří v tvář smrtelnému nebezpečí. Po Petainově žádosti o příměří nastala pro československé letce, jejichž část zasáhla velmi aktivně do vzdušných bojů, zoufalá situace. Jejich cílem byl poslední ostrov, který jako jediný ještě vzdoroval. Evakuovali do Anglie za velmi dramatických okolností. Menší části se tam podařilo odletět přímo, jiní odletěli do severní Afriky a pak odpluli do Anglie, další se tam na lodích dostali přímo z jihofrancouzských přístavů. Do srpna 1940 se v Anglii soustředilo 906 československých letců a koncem roku 1940 se jich na britských ostrovech nalézalo již 1287. Byl to nesporný úspěch. Velká Británie tehdy musela čelit dosud neporaženému protivníkovi a horečně se připravovala k rozhodující bitvě. Nebylo toho mnoho, co mohli Britové postavit na svou obranu. Po heroické evakuaci svého expedičního sboru museli to nejlepší z techniky pozemního vojska zanechat na plážích u Dunkerque. Kritickou situaci mohlo zachránit jen takřka netknuté námořnictvo a hlavně zdatné královské letectvo (RAF). V čer-venci 1940 se totiž nad britskými ostrovy rozhořela jedna z nejpodivnějších a zároveň nejslavnějších bitev v dějinách. Nejpodivnější proto, že se odehrávala téměř výhradně ve vzduchu, kde stovky stíhačů RAF odrážely zběsilé útoky luftwaffe. Nejslavnější proto, že na jejím výsledku závisel další osud Británie a možná i osud tisícileté civilizace, kultury a politického uspořádání světa. Kdyby v bitvě o Británii RAF podlehlo a luftwaffe získala převahu ve vzduchu, byly by připraveny podmínky pro německou invazi, kterou by Británie svými skromnými silami zřejmě nebyla schopna odrazit. Po více než tříměsíčních tvrdých denních bojích však RAF boj o své nebe vyhrálo. Luftwaffe utrpěla svou první vážnou porážku. Britský ministerský předseda Winston Churchill věděl o čem mluví, když v parlamentě pronesl ona historická slova: "Dosud nikdy v dějinách lidského zápasu nepatřil větší dík tolika lidí tak malému počtu jedinců." Slova diků patřila přísluš-níkům britského královského letectva, jejichž zásluhou bylo odvráceno hrozící nebezpečí. Byla adresována v neposlední řadě i československým letcům, kteří v kritických chvlích nabídli své služby RAF. I 8 I I 9 I Page 4 ABC Amber Palm Converter, http://www.processtext.com/abcpalm.html S plným vědomím nastávajících těžkých chvil přistoupili Britové i ke zformování československých leteckých ednotek. Již 12. července 1940 byla v Duxfordu založena 310. čs. stíhací peruf, 2. srpna vznikla v Honingtonu 311. čs. bombardovací peruf a od 5. září 1940 se v Duxfordu začala formovat 312. čs. stíhací perul. Další letci byli zařazováni přímo do britských jednotek. Větší část z nich pak 10. května 1941 položila základy 313. čs. shhací perutě vzniklé v Cattericku. Na odražení luftwaffe během letecké bitvy o Británii se českoslovenští stíhači podíleli velmi čestně. Bojů se účastnila 3L0. a částečně i 312. peruf a řada čs. pilotů v britských a polských jednotkách. Od srpna do října 1940 sestřelili 56 nepřátelských strojů, dalších 15 sestřelili pravděpodobně a 10 poškodili. Jejich ztráty činily 26 vlastních strojů zničených a 31 poškoze-ných; devět československých stíhačů v bitvě o Británii ztratilo
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