Syllabus for My Salem Witch Trials Graduate Course
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Historical Studies Journal 2013
Blending Gender: Colorado Denver University of The Flapper, Gender Roles & the 1920s “New Woman” Desperate Letters: Abortion History and Michael Beshoar, M.D. Confessors and Martyrs: Rituals in Salem’s Witch Hunt The Historic American StudiesHistorical Journal Building Survey: Historical Preservation of the Built Arts Another Face in the Crowd Commemorating Lynchings Studies Manufacturing Terror: Samuel Parris’ Exploitation of the Salem Witch Trials Journal The Whigs and the Mexican War Spring 2013 . Volume 30 Spring 2013 Spring . Volume 30 Volume Historical Studies Journal Spring 2013 . Volume 30 EDITOR: Craig Leavitt PHOTO EDITOR: Nicholas Wharton EDITORIAL STAFF: Nicholas Wharton, Graduate Student Jasmine Armstrong Graduate Student Abigail Sanocki, Graduate Student Kevin Smith, Student Thomas J. Noel, Faculty Advisor DESIGNER: Shannon Fluckey Integrated Marketing & Communications Auraria Higher Education Center Department of History University of Colorado Denver Marjorie Levine-Clark, Ph.D., Thomas J. Noel, Ph.D. Department Chair American West, Art & Architecture, Modern Britain, European Women Public History & Preservation, Colorado and Gender, Medicine and Health Carl Pletsch, Ph.D. Christopher Agee, Ph.D. Intellectual History (European and 20th Century U.S., Urban History, American), Modern Europe Social Movements, Crime and Policing Myra Rich, Ph.D. Ryan Crewe, Ph.D. U.S. Colonial, U.S. Early National, Latin America, Colonial Mexico, Women and Gender, Immigration Transpacific History Alison Shah, Ph.D. James E. Fell, Jr., Ph.D. South Asia, Islamic World, American West, Civil War, History and Heritage, Cultural Memory Environmental, Film History Richard Smith, Ph.D. Gabriel Finkelstein, Ph.D. Ancient, Medieval, Modern Europe, Germany, Early Modern Europe, Britain History of Science, Exploration Chris Sundberg, M.A. -
A Comprehensive Look at the Salem Witch Mania of 1692 Ashley Layhew
The Devil’s in the Details: A Comprehensive Look at the Salem Witch Mania of 1692 __________ Ashley Layhew Nine-year-old Betty Parris began to convulse, seize, and scream gibber- ish in the winter of 1692. The doctor pronounced her bewitched when he could find no medical reason for her actions. Five other girls began ex- hibiting the same symptoms: auditory and visual hallucinations, fevers, nausea, diarrhea, epileptic fits, screaming, complaints of being bitten, poked, pinched, and slapped, as well as coma-like states and catatonic states. Beseeching their Creator to ease the suffering of the “afflicted,” the Puritans of Salem Village held a day of fasting and prayer. A relative of Betty’s father, Samuel Parris, suggested a folk cure, in which the urine of the afflicted girls was taken and made into a cake. The villagers fed the cake to a dog, as dogs were believed to be the evil helpers of witches. This did not work, however, and the girls were pressed to name the peo- ple who were hurting them.1 The girls accused Tituba, a Caribbean slave who worked in the home of Parris, of being the culprit. They also accused two other women: Sarah Good and Sarah Osbourne. The girls, all between the ages of nine and sixteen, began to accuse their neighbors of bewitching them, saying that three women came to them and used their “spectres” to hurt them. The girls would scream, cry, and mimic the behaviors of the accused when they had to face them in court. They named many more over the course of the next eight months; the “bewitched” youth accused a total of one hundred and forty four individuals of being witches, with thirty sev- en of those executed following a trial. -
The Crucible Giles Corey
THE CRUCIBLE GILES COREY He is in his early 80s at the time of the trials. He represents the many innocent victims of the witch-trials in Salem His conscience would not let him answer to, of confess to something which he was not guilty of and he paid for this with his life. He is an example of moral integrity and an inspiration for John Proctor when he urges his torturers to place more weights on him. He showed great bravery up to his death. Personality – wise he is an argumentative but fundamentally honest farmer, who seems to have made a hobby out of taking people to court over land issues. He was always under the suspicious eye of the community for something – if ever a fire started or something went missing the first port of call was always Corey. The worst he could be accused of was being a nuisance and a ‘crank’ – but certainly not witchcraft. He didn’t care what other people thought of him and had only come to the church late in life when he had married Martha. He has quarrelled with Thomas Putnam over a piece of land. His mention of his wife’s fondness for reading puts her under suspicion. He knows that if he answers the court’s charge of witchcraft his sons will lose their right to inherit his land so he refuses to answer to the court. If he had denied the charge and been hanged they would have forfeit the right to inherit. He is pressed to death under large stones. -
Salem 1692 Brochure
1 2 3 4 Today Salem, Massachusetts, strives The numbers on the map to be a city of diversity and tolerance, correspond with the sites that but it is important to remember that the appear on the numbered panels. 20 men and women who were executed in All sites except for the Rebecca 1692 were not seeking tolerance. They Nurse Homestead are in Salem. were not witches. They were ordinary men and women seeking justice. 1. Rebecca Nurse Homestead (Danvers, MA) 2. House of the Seven Gables 3. Cemeteries of Salem (3 sites) 4. Salem Witch Trials Memorial Welcome … 5. Salem Witch Hunt: Examine the Evidence to 1692 6. Salem Witch Museum 7. The True 1692 The Rebecca Nurse Homestead The House of the Seven Cemeteries of Salem The Salem Witch Trials 8. Cry Innocent: The People vs. Gables Memorial Bridget Bishop … … … … 9. Witch Dungeon Museum What happened in Salem Town and Salem The Rebecca Nurse Homestead, located in Danvers, The imposing House of the Seven Gables, which has Salem has three cemeteries that are significant to the The Salem Witch Trials Memorial is a place of 10. The Witch House Village (modern-day Danvers) more than MA, (formerly known as Salem Village) is the 17th loomed over Salem Harbor since 1668, remains one of Witch Trials of 1692. Dating back to 1637, Charter meditation, remembrance, and respect for the 20 men 320 years ago still resonates as a measure of century home of Rebecca Nurse, a 71 year old matriarch the oldest surviving timber-framed mansions in North Street Burial Point is the oldest and most visited of and women who were put to death between June and the failure of civility and due process in the who was arrested on suspicion of practicing witchcraft. -
Section B Revision Notes the Play: the Crucible by Arthur Miller the Background to the Play and What It Is Based On
Section B Revision Notes The Play: The Crucible by Arthur Miller The background to the play and what it is based on: The play is about the Salem witch trials that took place in the Province of Massachusetts Bay during 1692 and 1693. Early in the year 1692, in the small Massachusetts village of Salem, a collection of girls fell ill, falling victim to hallucinations and seizures. In extremely religious Puritan New England, frightening or surprising occurrences were often attributed to the devil or his cohorts. The unfathomable sickness spurred fears of witchcraft, and it was not long before the girls, and then many other residents of Salem, began to accuse other villagers of consorting with devils and casting spells. Old grudges and jealousies spilled out into the open, fuelling the atmosphere of hysteria. The Massachusetts government and judicial system, heavily influenced by religion, rolled into action. Within a few weeks, dozens of people were in jail on charges of witchcraft. By the time the fever had run its course, in late August 1692, nineteen people (and two dogs) had been convicted and hanged for witchcraft. Set in: 1692. Puritan times What happens in each scene: The scene that we focus on in class and the scenes that you will need to learn are written in bold. Act one Rev. Parris is praying over his daughter, Betty Parris, who lies as if unconscious in her bed. Conversations between Rev. Parris, his niece Abigail Williams and several other girls reveal that the girls, including Abigail and Betty, were found dancing around a fire and a cooking pot in a nearby forest, apparently led by Tituba, Parris's slave from Barbados. -
Perjurium Maleficis: the Great Salem Scapegoat
Perjurium Maleficis: The Great Salem Scapegoat by Alec Head The Salem Witch Trials, often heralded as a sign of a religious community delving too deep into superstition, were hardly so simple. While certainly influenced by religion, the trials drew upon numerous outside elements. Though accusations were supposedly based in a firm setting of religious tradition, an analysis of individual stories—such as those of Rebecca Nurse, John Alden, and George Burroughs—shows that the accused were often targeted based on a combination of either fitting the existing image of witches, personal feuds, or prior reputations. The Puritans of Salem considered themselves to be “God’s chosen people,” building a new land, a heaven on earth.1 As with many endeavors in the New World, the Puritans faced innumerable struggles and hardships; their path would never be an easy one. However, rather than accepting their hurdles through a secular perspective, the Puritans viewed matters through a theological lens to explain their difficulties. While other, non-Puritan colonies faced similar challenges, the Puritans took the unique stance that they lived in a “world of wonders,” in which God and Satan had hands in the daily lives of humanity.2 In effect, this led to desperate—eventually deadly— searches for scapegoats. Upon his arrival in Salem, Reverend Samuel Parris publicly insisted that the hardships were neither by chance nor mere human hand. After all, if they were God’s chosen people, any opposition must have been instigated by the devil.3 Satan would not simply content himself with individual attacks. Rather, Parris insisted, grand conspiracies were formed by diabolical forces to destroy all that the Puritans built. -
America's Gothic Fiction
America’s Gothic Fiction America’s Gothic Fiction The Legacy of Magnalia Christi Americana Dorothy Z. Baker The Ohio State University Press Columbus Copyright © 2007 by The Ohio State University. All rights reserved. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Baker, Dorothy Zayatz. America’s gothic fiction : the legacy of Magnalia Christi Americana / Dorothy Z. Baker. p. cm. Includes bibliographical references (p. ) and index. ISBN-13: 978–0–8142–1060–4 (cloth : alk. paper) ISBN-13: 978–0–8142–9144–3 (cd-rom) 1. American fiction—History and criticism. 2. Religion and literature. 3. Mather, Cotton, 1663–1728. Magnalia Christi Americana. 4. Mather, Cotton, 1663–1728— Influence. 5. Puritan movements in literature. 6. Horror tales, American—History and criticism. 7. Gothic revival (Literature)—United States. 8. Religion and litera- ture—United States—History. 9. National characteristics, American, in literature. I. Title. PS166.B35 2007 813.’0872—dc22 2007012212 Cover design by Fulcrum Design Corps, LLC Text design and typesetting by Juliet Williams Type set in Minion Pro Printed by Thomson-Shore The paper used in this publication meets the minimum requirements of the American National Standard for Information Sciences—Permanence of Paper for Printed Library Materials. ANSI Z39.48–1992. 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 Contents w Acknowledgments vii Chapter 1 Introduction 1 Chapter 2 “We have seen Strange things to Day”: The History and Artistry of Cotton Mather’s Remarkables 14 Chapter 3 “A Wilderness of Error”: Edgar Allan Poe’s Revision of Providential Tropes 37 Chapter 4 Cotton Mather as the “old New England grandmother”: Harriet Beecher Stowe and the Female Historian 65 Chapter 5 Nathaniel Hawthorne and the “Singular Mind” of Cotton Mather 87 Chapter 6 “The story was in the gaps”: Catharine Maria Sedgwick and Edith Wharton 119 Works Cited 145 Index 157 Acknowledgments w My work on the legacy of Cotton Mather owes an immense debt to many scholars whose studies on American historical narrative and American his- torical fiction provided the foundation for this book. -
Gender-Related Terms in English Depositions, Examinations And
ACTA UNIVERSITATIS UPSALIENSIS Studia Anglistica Upsaliensia 132 Editores Rolf Lundén, Merja Kytö & Monica Correa Fryckstedt Sara Lilja Gender-Related Terms in English Depositions, Examinations and Journals, 1670–1720 Dissertation presented at Uppsala University to be publicly examined in Ihresalen, Engelska parken, Humanistiskt centrum, Thunbergsvägen 3L, Uppsala, Saturday, March 31, 2007 at 10:15 for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy. The examination will be conducted in English. Abstract Lilja, S. 2007. Gender-Related Terms in English Depositions, Examinations and Journals, 1670–1720. Acta Universitatis Upsaliensis. Studia Anglistica Upsaliensia 132. 245 pp. Uppsala. ISBN 978-91-554-6801-9. This dissertation focuses on gender-related terms as well as adjectives and demonstratives in connection with these terms used in texts from the period 1670–1720. The material in the study has been drawn from both English and American sources and comes from three text categories: depositions, examinations and journals. Two of these text categories represent authentic and speech-related language use (depositions and examinations), whereas the third (journals) is representative of a non-speech-related, non-fictional text category. While previous studies of gender-related terms have primarily investigated fictional material, this study focuses on text categories which have received little attention so far. The overarching research question addressed in this study concerns the use and distribution of gender-related terms, especially with regard to referent gender. Data analyses are both quantitative and qualitative, and several linguistic and extra-linguistic factors are taken into account, such as the semantic domain to which the individual gender-related term belongs, region of origin and referent gender. -
The Salem Witch Trials from a Legal Perspective: the Importance of Spectral Evidence Reconsidered
W&M ScholarWorks Dissertations, Theses, and Masters Projects Theses, Dissertations, & Master Projects 1984 The Salem Witch Trials from a Legal Perspective: The Importance of Spectral Evidence Reconsidered Susan Kay Ocksreider College of William & Mary - Arts & Sciences Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarworks.wm.edu/etd Part of the Law Commons, and the United States History Commons Recommended Citation Ocksreider, Susan Kay, "The Salem Witch Trials from a Legal Perspective: The Importance of Spectral Evidence Reconsidered" (1984). Dissertations, Theses, and Masters Projects. Paper 1539625278. https://dx.doi.org/doi:10.21220/s2-7p31-h828 This Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by the Theses, Dissertations, & Master Projects at W&M ScholarWorks. It has been accepted for inclusion in Dissertations, Theses, and Masters Projects by an authorized administrator of W&M ScholarWorks. For more information, please contact [email protected]. THE SALEM WITCH TRIALS FROM A LEGAL PERSPECTIVE; THE IMPORTANCE OF SPECTRAL EVIDENCE RECONSIDERED A Thesis Presented to The Faculty of the Department of History The College of Williams and Mary in Virginia In Partial Fulfillment Of the Requirements for the Degree of Master of Arts by Susan K. Ocksreider 1984 ProQuest Number: 10626505 All rights reserved INFORMATION TO ALL USERS The quality of this reproduction is dependent upon the quality of the copy submitted. In the unlikely event that the author did not send a com plete manuscript and there are missing pages, these will be noted. Also, if material had to be removed, a note will indicate the deletion. uest. ProQuest 10626505 Published by ProQuest LLC (2017). -
The Salem Witch Trials [Type Text] Elise Forte the Many Faces of The
The Salem Witch Trials [Type text] Elise Forte The Many Faces of the Salem Witchcraft Trials of 1692 By: Elise Forte Dr. Sheila O’Hare LI861 Current Issues in Information Transfer Salem Witch Trials [Type text] Forte 2 Introduction The Salem Witch Trials of 1692 are cause for great speculation and mystery. It appears to have occurred suddenly, causing mass hysteria not just locally but regionally as well. After the executions of 20 individuals, the accusations and convictions ended and life, for all intents and purposes, continued on. The Salem Witch Trials are of historical significance for nothing like it has happened in early American history, in that extreme, before. “It lasted longer, jailed more suspects, condemned and executed more people, ranged over more territory, and afterwards was quickly repudiated by the government as a colossal mistake” (Ray, 2010). The 16th and 17th centuries acknowledged the existence of witches and witchcraft, but few executions ever happened, and nothing to the extreme of Salem. Europe was an ocean away and the trials and tribulations experienced on the continent had no meaning for those who lived in pre-Colonial America. The closest event that has happened that is similar to the panic and fear similar to the Salem Witch Trials is the era of McCarthy and Communism. Many scholars have taken an in- depth look at the who, why, and how of the incidents that transpired in 1692. The Salem Witch Trials were so intense for a short duration of time that the incidents has even entered the world of pop culture with Arthur Miller’s award-winning play The Crucible, and inspiring movies such as the 1958 film Bell, Book, and Candle and 1992’s Hocus Pocus. -
Radicals, Conservatives, and the Salem Witchcraft Crisis
Griffiths 1 RADICALS, CONSERVATIVES, AND THE SALEM WITCHCRAFT CRISIS: EXPLOITING THE FRAGILE COMMUNITIES OF COLONIAL NEW ENGLAND Master’s Thesis in North American Studies Leiden University By Megan Rose Griffiths s1895850 13 June 2017 Supervisor: Dr. Johanna C. Kardux Second reader: Dr. Eduard van de Bilt Griffiths 2 Table of Contents Introduction: A New Interpretation………………………………………………....… ……..4 Chapter One: Historiography....................................................................................................11 Chapter Two: The Background to the Crisis: Fragile Communities.........................................18 Puritanism……………………………………………………………….……..18 Massachusetts, 1620-1692……………………………………………...……...21 A “Mentality of Invasion”……………………………………………...……...24 The Lower Orders of the Hierarchy…………………………………………....26 Christian Israel Falling........................................................................................31 Salem, 1630-1692: The Town and the Village...................................................33 Chapter Three: The Radicals.....................................................................................................36 The Demographic Makeup of the Radicals……………………..……....……..38 A Conscious Rebellion……………………………..……….…………..….…..42 Young Rebels………………………………………………….……….……....45 Change at the Root…………………………………………...……....…….......49 The Witches as Rebels: Unruly Turbulent Spirits…………………...…..…......53 The Witches as Radicals: The Devil’s Kingdom……………………...…….....58 Chapter Four: The Conservatives...............................................................................................64 -
The Crucible by Arthur Miller
The Crucible by Arthur Miller - character notes Deputy Governor Danforth • Is the presiding judge at the Salem trials and the John Proctor highest figure of authority in the play. • Is a farmer, the husband of Elizabeth Proctor, • Has an imposing presence and supreme and the father of three young sons. confidence that induces others to acquiesce • Is sturdily built, plain-spoken. readily to his authority. • Suffers inwardly from guilt caused by an • Is implacably determined to uphold the adulterous affair and counts himself a hypocrite legitimacy of the court, even at the expense of for maintaining an undeserved “good name.” truth and justice. • Is contrite and solicitous in his wife’s presence and yearns to regain her respect. Mary Warren • Is a common man who behaves heroically under • Is a lonely, impressionable girl who is servant to uncommon circumstances. the Proctors. • Redeems his honor by asserting his conscience • Is timorous and easily manipulated because of before an unjust authority. her desire for acceptance. • Embraces her mission to root out witches Elizabeth Proctor because it has transformed her dreary existence • Is John’s wife and the mother of his sons. into a momentous drama of great consequence. • Has a clear conscience, common sense, and • Lacks the fortitude and sense of identity to stand lucid intelligence. alone against the crowd. • Is sometimes reticent and does not readily express her warmth. Reverend Samuel Parris • Is decisive in crisis and stoic in the face of • Is a widower in his forties who has been minister calamity. at Salem for three years. • Is unfailingly loyal to her husband despite his • Is obsessed with securing his social position and infidelity.