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America's Gothic Fiction
America’s Gothic Fiction America’s Gothic Fiction The Legacy of Magnalia Christi Americana Dorothy Z. Baker The Ohio State University Press Columbus Copyright © 2007 by The Ohio State University. All rights reserved. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Baker, Dorothy Zayatz. America’s gothic fiction : the legacy of Magnalia Christi Americana / Dorothy Z. Baker. p. cm. Includes bibliographical references (p. ) and index. ISBN-13: 978–0–8142–1060–4 (cloth : alk. paper) ISBN-13: 978–0–8142–9144–3 (cd-rom) 1. American fiction—History and criticism. 2. Religion and literature. 3. Mather, Cotton, 1663–1728. Magnalia Christi Americana. 4. Mather, Cotton, 1663–1728— Influence. 5. Puritan movements in literature. 6. Horror tales, American—History and criticism. 7. Gothic revival (Literature)—United States. 8. Religion and litera- ture—United States—History. 9. National characteristics, American, in literature. I. Title. PS166.B35 2007 813.’0872—dc22 2007012212 Cover design by Fulcrum Design Corps, LLC Text design and typesetting by Juliet Williams Type set in Minion Pro Printed by Thomson-Shore The paper used in this publication meets the minimum requirements of the American National Standard for Information Sciences—Permanence of Paper for Printed Library Materials. ANSI Z39.48–1992. 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 Contents w Acknowledgments vii Chapter 1 Introduction 1 Chapter 2 “We have seen Strange things to Day”: The History and Artistry of Cotton Mather’s Remarkables 14 Chapter 3 “A Wilderness of Error”: Edgar Allan Poe’s Revision of Providential Tropes 37 Chapter 4 Cotton Mather as the “old New England grandmother”: Harriet Beecher Stowe and the Female Historian 65 Chapter 5 Nathaniel Hawthorne and the “Singular Mind” of Cotton Mather 87 Chapter 6 “The story was in the gaps”: Catharine Maria Sedgwick and Edith Wharton 119 Works Cited 145 Index 157 Acknowledgments w My work on the legacy of Cotton Mather owes an immense debt to many scholars whose studies on American historical narrative and American his- torical fiction provided the foundation for this book. -
Radicals, Conservatives, and the Salem Witchcraft Crisis
Griffiths 1 RADICALS, CONSERVATIVES, AND THE SALEM WITCHCRAFT CRISIS: EXPLOITING THE FRAGILE COMMUNITIES OF COLONIAL NEW ENGLAND Master’s Thesis in North American Studies Leiden University By Megan Rose Griffiths s1895850 13 June 2017 Supervisor: Dr. Johanna C. Kardux Second reader: Dr. Eduard van de Bilt Griffiths 2 Table of Contents Introduction: A New Interpretation………………………………………………....… ……..4 Chapter One: Historiography....................................................................................................11 Chapter Two: The Background to the Crisis: Fragile Communities.........................................18 Puritanism……………………………………………………………….……..18 Massachusetts, 1620-1692……………………………………………...……...21 A “Mentality of Invasion”……………………………………………...……...24 The Lower Orders of the Hierarchy…………………………………………....26 Christian Israel Falling........................................................................................31 Salem, 1630-1692: The Town and the Village...................................................33 Chapter Three: The Radicals.....................................................................................................36 The Demographic Makeup of the Radicals……………………..……....……..38 A Conscious Rebellion……………………………..……….…………..….…..42 Young Rebels………………………………………………….……….……....45 Change at the Root…………………………………………...……....…….......49 The Witches as Rebels: Unruly Turbulent Spirits…………………...…..…......53 The Witches as Radicals: The Devil’s Kingdom……………………...…….....58 Chapter Four: The Conservatives...............................................................................................64 -
Naumkeag Natives
Naumkeag Settlers to Salem Shippers Classroom Resource Guide The Education Department at The House of the Seven Gables is pleased to offer this packet to help you prepare your students for their visit to our site. We encourage both preparation and follow- up to make your visit a meaningful learning experience. Contents: Description of On-Site Activity Page 1 Background Information Page 1 About the Characters Page 2 Suggested Activities Page 4 Vocabulary List Page 5 1 Description of On-Site Activity In addition to a specialized tour of The House of the Seven Gables, students will view an audio-visual presentation in which they will be introduced to three young people from the seventeenth century. Among the concepts covered will be work, recreation, food preparation, dwellings, and clothing. Students will be able to compare and contrast the lifestyles of a young settler from 1637, the young son of one of Salem’s wealthiest merchants during the 1670s, and an indentured servant from 1678. In addition to the presentation and tour, students will actively participate in the food, work, and fun of this early period. Background Information for Teachers Salem’s written history begins in 1626, when Roger Conant, a salter, arrived with a group of approximately twenty people at an abandoned Native American settlement. The Native Americans called the area Naumkeag, which means “good fishing” or “fishing place.” Conant and his people, under the sponsorship of a group of investors called the Dorchester Company, established a fishing station, and hoped to later establish a larger plantation. The abundant waters off Salem Harbor supplied both their own food needs and provided codfish, which they dried and salted to trade with England. -
Syllabus for My Salem Witch Trials Graduate Course
Seminar in Early American History - HIS 800-S1 Witchcraft and Magic, in Salem and Early New England SALEM STATE UNIVERSITY - Department of History – Fall 2015 Thursday 7:00-9:20 SB 109 The most important thing is how much you learn after you already know it all. -Earl Weaver Professor Emerson Baker Office: Sullivan 107A Phone: 978-542-7126 (office) 1-207-363-0255 (home) email: [email protected] Office Hours: TTH 12:10-1:30, Th 3:00-4:15 or by appointment. Please feel free to contact me anytime. Introduction The seminar will intensively examine the topic of witchcraft, and magic in early New England. Since the 1970s, this topic has become one of intense historical interest, as scholars try to weave their own scholarly interests into the historiography. The course will examine these different schools of history, as well as the way the famous Essex County Witchcraft outbreak of 1692 is perceived by the public today. Course Objectives The course will give you a detailed understanding of the early New England society, in particular, the aspects of that society related to witchcraft, magic, and popular culture. We will examine a range of topics in historiographic perspective, including: puritanism, women's history, ethnohistory, psychohistory, and community studies. In addition to these content objectives, in this course you will have the opportunity to develop skills necessary for the historian: critical reading, thinking, writing, and discussing history. Goals 1. Students will develop an understanding of the history of witchcraft and society in seventeenth century New England. 2. Students will develop an understanding of the different historiographical and methodological approaches to the study of witchcraft. -
Bee Final Round Bee Final Round Regulation Questions
NHBB B-Set Bee 2015-2016 Bee Final Round Bee Final Round Regulation Questions (1) This program refurbished the Cominco plant as part of its P-9 Project, and it absorbed the similar British \Tube Alloys" program under the direction of Leslie Groves. One of its facilities was built to take advantage of TVA hydroelectric dams at Oak Ridge, and it used a gun range at Alamogordo to carry out the July 16, 1945 Trinity test. For the point, name this program led by J. Robert Oppenheimer from Los Alamos National Labs, where the first nuclear weapons were produced. ANSWER: Manhattan Project (prompt on descriptions of the American nuclear weapons development program) (2) Philip Wigle and John Mitchell had their death sentences commuted for their roles in this event. The Mingo Creek Association was enraged by John Neville's change of heart regarding this event. General \Light-horse Harry" Lee gained fame for putting down this rebellion, the only time a sitting U.S. President led troops in the field. It stemmed from Alexander Hamilton's effort to repay the public debt from the Revolutionary War. An unpopular excise tax triggered, for the point, what Western Pennsylvania revolt over a distilled spirit? ANSWER: Whiskey Rebellion (3) One section of this work establishes solidarity with the Chartist and agrarian reform movements. This book advocates ten \planks," including a graduated income tax and universal free education, and its opening describes the opposition posed by a \holy alliance." This work claims that \a spectre is haunting Europe," and defines history in terms of class struggles. -
178 Samantha Stevens of Bewitched on Her Perch
178 Historical Journal of Massachusetts • Summer 2012 Samantha Stevens of Bewitched on Her Perch This statue was installed in 2005 amid great controversy. 179 Bewitched and Bewildered: Salem Witches, Empty Factories, and Tourist Dollars ROBERT E. WEIR Abstract: In 2005, witchcraft hysteria once again roiled the city of Salem, Massachusetts. This time, however, city residents divided over a new monument—a statue honoring Samantha Stephens, a fictional witch from the television sitcom Bewitched. In the minds of many, the Stephens statue was tacky and an insult to the history, memory, and heritage of the tragic days of 1692, when a more deadly hysteria led to the executions of twenty townspeople. To the statue’s defenders, the Samantha Stephens representation was merely a bit of whimsy designed to supplement marketing plans to cement Salem’s reputation as a tourist destination. This article sides largely with the second perspective, but with a twist. It argues that Samantha Stephens is worthy of memorializing because the 1970 filming ofBewitched episodes in Salem is largely responsible for the city’s tourist trade. The article traces changing perspectives on witchcraft since the seventeenth century and, more importantly, places those changes in economic context to show the mutability of history, memory, and heritage across time. Ultimately, Samantha Stephens helped rescue Salem from a devastating twentieth-century demon: deindustrialization. Dr. Robert E. Weir is the author of six books and numerous articles dealing with social, labor, and cultural history.1 * * * * * Historical Journal of Massachusetts, Vol. 40 (1/2), Summer 2012 © Institute for Massachusetts Studies, Westfield State University 180 Historical Journal of Massachusetts • Summer 2012 On June 15, 2005, the city of Salem, Massachusetts unveiled its newest monument. -
Salem Witch Trials
©2010 TeachersBrunch.com The Facts Series of hearings before local magistrates prosecuting alleged witches February 1692 - May 1693 • 150 arrested and imprisoned • 29 convicted of witchcraft felony • 19 hanged (14 women and five men) • One man crushed to death • Five died in prison ©2010 TeachersBrunch.com Questions Who were the Puritans exactly? What caused the people of Salem to believe in witches? What caused these events to transpire? What is a witch? How have these events affected American society? ©2010 TeachersBrunch.com Puritan Beliefs Sect of Church of England that disagreed with practices: Book of Common Prayer, idolatry and ceremonial rituals Theocracy – civil and ecclesiastical rule ©2010 TeachersBrunch.com Puritan Beliefs, continued Crucible Manifest Destiny and Divine Providence ©2010 TeachersBrunch.com Puritan Beliefs, continued TULIP Total Depravity Unconditional Election Limited Atonement Irresistible Grace Perseverance of Saints ©2010 TeachersBrunch.com Puritan Beliefs, continued “City upon a Hill” Constant threat of evil ©2010 TeachersBrunch.com Puritan Life Massachusetts – to be an example to the rest of the world and escape persecution in England Women – subservient to men and naturally evil ©2010 TeachersBrunch.com Puritan Life, continued No privacy – moral police and fines Valued literacy and reading the Bible for direct interaction with God ©2010 TeachersBrunch.com Puritan Life, continued Good Manners for Colonial Children (1772) “Make a bow always when you come home, and be immediately uncovered. Never sit in the presence of thy parents without bidding, tho’ no stranger be present. If thou passest by thy parents, and any place where thou seest them, when either by themselves or with company, bow towards them. -
Was Indeed Small Need for Nathaniel Hawthorne to Go Outside His Own
of was indeed small need for Nathaniel Hawthorne to go outside his own family for characters for his romance The House of the Seven Gables* with the haunting figures of his early ancestors, " invested by family tradition with a dim and dusky grandeur," still in memory. It was only necessary that he subject them " to his own mixing/' possibly brightening the lights and deepening the shadows around them in his chosen legend " from an epoch now gray in the distance, down into our own broad daylight," with something also of " its legendary mist." Colonel Pyncheon, it is said, represents Colonel John Hathorne (died 1717), magistrate of Salem, the great grandfather of the Author, who "made himself so conspicu ous in the martyrdom of the witches that their blood may fairly be said to have left a stain upon him2. So deep a stain, indeed, that his dry old bones, in the Charter Street Burial Ground, must still retain it if they have not crumbled utterly to dust,"3 and Hawthorne believed that over his family still hung the dark shadow of the witches' curse. The Judge Pyncheon of the romance inherited all the persecuting spirit of this ancestor, and vented it on his helpless relatives. But it was William Hathorne, the father of John, who came to America from Wiltshire, Eng., about 1630, that the Friends have best reason to remember ; of him the Author writes : " He was a soldier, legislator, judge ; he was a ruler in the Church ; he had all the Puritanic traits, both good and evil. He was likewise a bitter persecutor, as witness the Quakers, who have 1 Nathaniel Hawthorne (1804-1864) finished his novel, The House of the Seven Gables, early in 1851. -
Modern Witch-Hunts by Marcia Amidon Lusted 34 Witchy Characters by Barbara Radcliffe Rogers and Andrew Matthews
Discover American History Text Text Text More Text Even More Text Text Text Text More Text SALEM WITCHES September 2016 Discover American History Meg Chorlian, Editor Debra M. Porter, Senior Art Director John Hansen, Designer Ellen Bingham, Copy Editor and Proofreader Naomi Pasachoff, Editorial Consultant, Research Associate, Williams College James M. O’Connor, Director of Editorial Jestine Ware, Assistant Editor Christine Voboril, Permissions Specialist Frances Nankin and Hope H. Pettegrew, Founders Advisory Board Eric Arnesen, Professor of History The George Washington University Diane L. Brooks, Ed.D., Director (retired) Curriculum Frameworks and Instructional Resources Office California Department of Education Ken Burns Florentine Films Beth Haverkamp Powers, Teacher age age Milford, New Hampshire p p Maryann Manning, Professor 40 45 School of Education University of Alabama at Birmingham Alexis O’Neill, Author and page Museum Education Consultant Lee Stayer, Teacher 26 Advent Episcopal Day School Birmingham, Alabama Sandra Stotsky, Professor of Education Reform 21st Century Chair in Teacher Quality University of Arkansas For customer service, please call 800-821-0115 Check out our on-line teacher’s guides at www.cricketmedia .com/teacher-resources/. NEW!2015 Parents’ Choice Magazine Gold Award Winner CONSULTING EDITOR ABOUT THE COVER 2014 Parents’ Choice Magazine Gold Award Winner Marilynne K. Roach is an illustrator, writer, and The Salem witch trials were held in a court 2013 Parents’ Choice Magazine Gold Award Winner researcher who is a life-long resident of Massachusetts before a jury, but it was impossible to defend and lives a train ride away from Salem. She has written against spectral evidence, which were claims 2012 Parents’ Choice Magazine several books on the subject of the Salem witch trials. -
The Irony of George Keith
THE PRICE OF PERFECTION: THE IRONY OF GEORGE KEITH BY EDWARD J. CODY' I T N 1785, the Scottish poet Robert Burns wrote, "The best laid I schemes o' mice an' men/Gang aft a-gley,/An' lea'e us nought but grief and pain/For promised joy." In terms of their relation- ship to God, the American colonists proved the truth of this adage over and over again. Historians of the New England tra- dition have dwelt at length on the unintended consequences arising out of the Puritan attempt to fulfill God's will. To a lesser extent, historians of religious thought in the middle and southern colonies have indicated the existence of similar ironic developments in these areas, but because of the lack of theo- logical homogeneity among the subjects of their studies, the irony emerges with less clarity.' In the late seventeenth and early eighteenth century, how- ever, the career of George Keith and the furor surrounding it provide the student of religious thought and church-state rela- tions in Pennsylvania with a clear example of how the Quaker attempt to fulfill God's will led to unwanted and even des-truc- tive consequences. A clear example, that is, if the student re- members two central aspects of Quakerism, the "Inner Light" and the community. 2 *The author is an Assistant Professor of History at Ramapo College, Mahweh, New Jersey. 'The ironic qualities in the colonial religious experience are implicit in the work of many historians. Two books which make this characteristic quite clear are: Perry Miller, Errand Into the Wilderness (Cambridge, 1956); and Frederick Tolles, Meeting House and Counting House; the Quaker Merchants of Colonial Philadelphia (Williamsburg, 1948). -
View on the Rise of the Public Sphere in the Early Modern Atlantic World…………………………………………………………
FROM PROCLAMATION TO DIALOGUE: THE COLONIAL PRESS AND THE EMERGENCE OF AN AMERICAN PUBLIC SPHERE, 1640-1725 Dissertation Presented in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree Doctor of Philosophy in the Graduate School of the Ohio State University By Larry Alexander Skillin, M.A. Graduate Program in History The Ohio State University 2009 Dissertation Committee: Dr. John L. Brooke, Advisor Dr. Alan Gallay Dr. David Cressy Copyright By Larry Alexander Skillin 2009 ABSTRACT My dissertation explores the output of the colonial American printing press in its formative years, noting a transformation over time that opened doors to wider participation in public affairs. During its first half century, the press was used solely as an outlet for official pronouncements and proclamations that were designed to be passively read and accepted by the people. Beginning in the late 1680s, new presses in rival jurisdictions, religious controversies, and political revolutions provided a new context for authors and printers, who began issuing a greater variety of documents in previously suppressed genres. As authority splintered, multiple perspectives on religious and political matters appeared in dialogue with one another via controversial pamphlets, asking readers to serve as arbiters and participants in shaping public opinion. Such links between communications, public opinion and the rise of democratic institutions are critical to the emergence of the public sphere, a phenomenon once exclusively discussed in the context of the late eighteenth century in Revolutionary Europe and America. Recent scholarship on early-modern England, however, has discovered links between press expansion and religious and political controversies dating back to the sixteenth century. -
Salem, Massachusetts
1 “TO THE FARTHEST PORT OF THE RICH EAST” SALEM, MASSACHUSETTS “I know histhry isn’t thrue, Hinnissy, because it ain’t like what I see ivry day in Halsted Street. If any wan comes along with a histhry iv Greece or Rome that’ll show me th’ people fightin’, gettin’ dhrunk, makin’ love, gettin’ married, owin’ th’ grocery man an’ bein’ without hard coal, I’ll believe they was a Greece or Rome, but not befur.” — Dunne, Finley Peter, OBSERVATIONS BY MR. DOOLEY, New York, 1902 1. Motto of the city of Salem, previously known as “the fishing place,” as translated from the Latin. Peruse a much briefer history of this city: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_Salem,_Massachusetts HDT WHAT? INDEX SALEM, MASSACHUSETTS SALEM, MASSACHUSETTS 1627 The man who would become stepfather to Samuel Shattuck settled in at Naumkeeg (would become Salem). HDT WHAT? INDEX SALEM, MASSACHUSETTS SALEM, MASSACHUSETTS 1629 The name Shalom, Hebrew for “peace,” was selected for the little settlement of whites living with the Native American tribe at Naumkeag. This Shalom is the name, of course, that through pronunciation drift and spelling drift would become “Salem.” When the Reverend Francis Higginson arrived in Shalom suffering from TB, he was served lobsters that weighed in at 25 pounds. Each. [T]he least Boy in the Plantation may both catch and eat what he will of them. For my owne part I was soon cloyed with them, they were so great, and fat, and lussious. The Reverend further reported from Naumkeag that:2 Although New England has no tallow to make candles of, yet by the abundance of the fish thereof, it can afford oil for lamps.