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Nicotianas Litorales Del Desierto De Atacama: Historia De Registro Y Consumo De Tabaco Cimarrón (Nicotiana Solanifolia Warp.)

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Nicotianas Litorales Del Desierto De Atacama: Historia De Registro Y Consumo De Tabaco Cimarrón (Nicotiana Solanifolia Warp.) Nicotianas litorales del desierto de Atacama: historia de registro y consumo de tabaco cimarrón (Nicotiana solanifolia warp.). Benjamin Ballester, Carolina Carrasco, Caminantes Del Desierto To cite this version: Benjamin Ballester, Carolina Carrasco, Caminantes Del Desierto. Nicotianas litorales del desierto de Atacama: historia de registro y consumo de tabaco cimarrón (Nicotiana solanifolia warp.).. Taltalia, Museo Augusto Capdeville de Taltal, 2016, pp.69-87. hal-02870174 HAL Id: hal-02870174 https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-02870174 Submitted on 16 Jun 2020 HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est archive for the deposit and dissemination of sci- destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents entific research documents, whether they are pub- scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, lished or not. The documents may come from émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de teaching and research institutions in France or recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires abroad, or from public or private research centers. publics ou privés. FOTOGRAFÍAS: CAMINANTES DEL DESIERTO. CAMINANTES FOTOGRAFÍAS: Revista Taltalia del Museo Augusto Capdeville Rojas de Taltal Nº 9 Año 2016 Nº 9 Taltal de Rojas Capdeville Augusto del Museo Taltalia Revista PICAFLOR GIGANTE (PATAGONA GIGAS GIGAS) JUNTO A EJEMPLAR DE NICOTIANA SOLANIFOLIA WAP. QUEBRADA EL RINCÓN, PAPOSO. PICAFLOR DEL NORTE (RHODOPIS VESPER VESPER) JUNTO A NICOTIANA SOLANIFOLIA WAP. QUEBRADA EL RINCÓN, PAPOSO. TALTALIA Nº 9 2016 MUSEO AUGUSTO CAPDEVILLE Ilustre Municipalidad de Taltal Representante Legal: Sergio Orellana Montejo Director: Rodolfo Contreras Neira Comité Editorial: Agustín Llagostera Martínez, Universidad de Antofagasta Patricio Núñez Henríquez, Museo Augusto Capdeville Sergio Prenafeta, Museo Augusto Capdeville Adriana Hoffmann, Botánica Dirección: Av. Arturo Prat Nº 5, Taltal-Chile. Teléfono: 55-2611 891 Corrreo electrónico: [email protected] ISSN 0718-7025 TALTALIA: Publicación anual del Museo Augusto Capdeville Rojas. Distribuido por suscripción y canje. Permitida la reproducción de los artículos citando la fuente. Valor de suscripción anual con envío: E. 20 euros en el extranjero Portada Picaflor del Norte (Rhodopis vesper vesper) junto a Nicotiana solanifolia wap. Quebrada el Rincón, Paposo (Gentileza Caminantes del Desierto). Contraportada Picaflor Gigante (Patagona gigas gigas) junto a Nicotiana solanifolia wap. Quebrada el Rincón, Paposo (Gentileza Caminantes del Desierto). Diseño y diagramación Andros Impresores www.androsimpresores.cl CONTENIDO CONTENTS 5-6 Presentación Foreword 7-25 Reconstrucción de un contexto funerario disturbado: artefactos y ecofactos del sitio El Gaucho (2325 cal ap), costa arreica del norte de Chile. Artefacts and ecofacts from el gaucho site (2325 cal ap) hiperarid coast of Northern Chile. contextual reconstrucion of a disturbated site. Francesca Mengozzi, Rodolfo Contreras, Pedro Andrade, Ximena Power, Carola Flores, Diego Salazar, Gabriela Bravo, Josefina Urrea, Ricardo Fernandes, Christian Hamann 27-47 Navegantes del desierto. Un nuevo sitio con arte rupestre estilo El Médano en la depresión intermedia de Taltal. Seafarers in the desert. A new site with el medano rock art style in the intermediate depression of Taltal. Ignacio Monroy, César Borie, Andrés Troncoso, Ximena Power, Sonia Parra, Patricio Galarce, Mariela Pino 49-62 El tiempo de El Médano. El Médano’s time. Benjamín Ballester 63-68 Un viscoso pulpo de Chimbote. A viscous octopus of Chimbote. Álex San Francisco 69-87 Nicotianas litorales del desierto de Atacama: historia de registro y consumo de tabaco cimarrón (Nicotiana solanifolia warp.) Atacama desert littoral nicotianas: historical record and tabaco cimarrón consumption (Nicotiana solanifolia warp.) Benjamín Ballester, Carolina Carrasco, Agrupación Caminantes del Desierto 89-106 Tras la ruta de una investigadora danesa por el Norte Grande de Chile. After the route of a danesse investigator for the big North of Chile. Héctor J. Ardiles Vega 107-129 El sueño de la Ilustración del siglo XVIII: su presencia en el Norte de Chile. The XVII century dream of the illustration: its presence in Northern Chile. Patricio Núñez Henríquez 4 TALTALIA, Nº 9, 2016 131-134 Crónicas de mi pueblo: los judíos en Taltal. Chronicles of my city: the jews in Taltal. Sergio Prenafeta Jenkin 135-136 Ecos de la ciencia en el vecindario Echoes of science and vicinity 137-138 Los libros 139-140 Normas editoriales Revista Taltalia Nº 9 (2016), pp. 69-87 NICOTIANAS LITORALES DEL DESIERTO DE ATACAMA: HISTORIA DE REGISTRO Y CONSUMO DE TABACO CIMARRÓN (NICOTIANA SOLANIFOLIA WARP.) ATACAMA DESERT LITTORAL NICOTIANAS: HISTORICAL RECORD AND TABACO CIMARRÓN CONSUMPTION (NICOTIANA SOLANIFOLIA WARP.) BENJAMÍN BALLESTER1, CAROLINA CARRASCO2 Y AGRUPACIÓN CAMINANTES DEL DESIERTO3 RESUMEN Etérea ante la inmensidad del mar y la riqueza mineral, la flora del desierto de Atacama es un bastión de conocimiento acerca de la cultura costera que aún yace relegada a un papel de reparto en la historia y prehistoria litoral. Ahondaremos en el valor social, cultural, simbólico y económico de una especie botánica específica cuyo rol ha sido hasta el momento invisibilizado de los procesos históricos producto de la primacía de la subsistencia y la idea del indio guiado por el hambre. Seguiremos la ruta de los principales naturalistas de la región litoral de Antofagasta para conocer sus apreciaciones acerca de esta sección del desierto y de la Nicotiana solanifolia, presentaremos nueva información de avistamientos y colectas de la especie, continuaremos sintetizando la evidencia arqueológica conocida en el consumo de esta planta, para finalmente tratar la posición del Tabaco Cimarrón en el herbario de los habitantes del litoral. Una mirada aproximativa que busca abrir el debate respecto de la relación interespecie humano-nicotiana, las conexiones entre la distribución fitogeográfica de la especie y el paisaje social del pueblo pescador, su transformación en tabaco y las esferas tecnológicas, estilísticas, culturales y de habitus detrás de su consumo. Palabras clave: Fumar, pipas, recetas, botánica, naturalistas. ABSTRACT Ethereal faced to the immensity of the sea and the mineral richness, the Atacama Desert flora is a bastion of knowledge about the coastal culture still relegated to a supporting role in the littoral history and prehistory. We delve in the social, cultural, symbolic and economic value of an specific botanic specie whose role has been still now invisibilized from the historical process product of the subsistence primacy and the idea of the Indian guided by hunger. We will follow the route from the principal naturalists of the Antofagasta Region littoral to know their appreciations about this section of the desert and of the Nicotiana solanifolia, presenting new information about species sightings and collections, continuing synthetizing the archaeological evidence know about this plant consumption, to finally attend the Tobacco Cimarrón position into the littoral inhabitant’s herbarium. An approximated overview that tried to open the debate about the human-nicotiana interspecies relations, the species fitogeographic distribution and the fisher people social landscape, its transformation into Tobacco, and the technological, stylistic, cultural and habitus spheres behind their consumption. Key words: Smoking, pipes, recipe, botany, naturalists. 1 Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne, [email protected] 2 Investigadora Independiente, [email protected] 3 [email protected]. 70 TALTALIA, Nº 9, 2016 Nuestro desierto costero ofrece mucho más últimas de especial interés si consideramos los que solo arena y rocas. Tras los tonos amarillo cambios ambientales que se han producido y marrón del paisaje desértico se esconden en la región y la consecuente merma en su habitantes muchas veces no considerados por distribución, tamaño y presencia. Finalmente nosotros, invisibilizados por la enorme riqueza presentaremos la información arqueológica hasta del mar en peces, moluscos, algas y mamíferos. el momento conocida respecto del consumo de El ser humano habitante de este litoral logró esta planta por parte de las comunidades litorales superar esta apariencia productiva y salir a ex- apoyándonos de referencias conocidas, pero plorar el desierto en búsqueda de otros tesoros, también de nuevos e importantes datos inéditos, los minerales, animales y florísticos que entrega relacionándolo con el registro de pipas, vasijas también Atacama. cerámicas y tabletas del litoral, tecnologías que si bien fueron desarrollos transversales en En torno a la flora entre las comunidades buena parte del desierto de Atacama, tomaron litorales existe un arraigado y milenario cono- tintes propios y sendas particulares logrando cimiento botánico, cada planta tiene su nombre distinguirse en lo cultural como parte de una vernacular, alguna historia y en algunos casos entidad definida más bien en el ámbito litoral. usos medicinales, farmacológicos o rituales (Bittmann 1986a; Contreras y Gutiérrez 2008; Gutiérrez y Lazo 1996). Para esto hubo que NICOTIANA SOLANIFOLIA: antes rondar las altas quebradas, merodear las DESCRIPCIÓN TAXONÓMICA, aguadas, atravesar los montes y recorrer a pie todo el desierto costero; conocer el territorio DISTRIBUCIÓN Y RASGOS y sus habitantes, observarlos y clasificarlos. TÍPICOS Una de estas plantas fue el Tabaco Cimarrón, o Desde la botánica, la caracterización
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