Newsletter No.14
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Sir Frank Cooper on Air Force Policy in the 1950S & 1960S
The opinions expressed in this publication are those of the authors concerned and are not necessarily those held by the Royal Air Force Historical Society Copyright © Royal Air Force Historical Society, 1993 All rights reserved. 1 Copyright © 1993 by Royal Air Force Historical Society First published in the UK in 1993 All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical including photocopying, recording or by any information storage and retrieval system, without permission from the Publisher in writing. Printed by Hastings Printing Company Limited Royal Air Force Historical Society 2 THE PROCEEDINGS OFTHE ROYAL AIR FORCE HISTORICAL SOCIETY Issue No 11 President: Marshal of the Royal Air Force Sir Michael Beetham GCB CBE DFC AFC Committee Chairman: Air Marshal Sir Frederick B Sowrey KCB CBE AFC General Secretary: Group Captain J C Ainsworth CEng MRAeS Membership Secretary: Commander P O Montgomery VRD RNR Treasurer: D Goch Esq FCCA Programme Air Vice-Marshal G P Black CB OBE AFC Sub-Committee: Air Vice-Marshal F D G Clark CBE BA Air Commodore J G Greenhill FBIM T C G James CMG MA *Group Captain I Madelin Air Commodore H A Probert MBE MA Group Captain A R Thompson MBE MPhil BA FBIM MIPM Members: A S Bennell Esq MA BLitt *Dr M A Fopp MA PhD FMA FBIM A E Richardson *Group Captain N E Taylor BSc D H Wood Comp RAeS * Ex-officio The General Secretary Regrettably our General Secretary of five years standing, Mr B R Jutsum, has found it necessary to resign from the post and the committee. -
Pegasus Vectored-Thrust Turbofan Engine
Pegasus Vectored-thrust Turbofan Engine Matador Harrier Sea Harrier AV-8A International Historic Mechanical Engineering Landmark 24 July 1993 International Air Tattoo '93 RAF Fairford The American Society of Mechanical Engineers I MECH E I NTERNATIONAL H ISTORIC M ECHANICAL E NGINEERING L ANDMARK PEGASUS V ECTORED-THRUST T URBOFAN ENGINE 1960 T HE B RISTOL AERO-ENGINES (ROLLS-R OYCE) PEGASUS ENGINE POWERED THE WORLD'S FIRST PRACTICAL VERTICAL/SHORT-TAKEOFF-AND-LANDING JET AIRCRAFT , THE H AWKER P. 1127 K ESTREL. USING FOUR ROTATABLE NOZZLES, ITS THRUST COULD BE DIRECTED DOWNWARD TO LIFT THE AIRCRAFT, REARWARD FOR WINGBORNE FLIGHT, OR IN BETWEEN TO ENABLE TRANSITION BETWEEN THE TWO FLIGHT REGIMES. T HIS ENGINE, SERIAL NUMBER BS 916, WAS PART OF THE DEVELOPMENT PROGRAM AND IS THE EARLIEST KNOWN SURVIVOR. PEGASUS ENGINE REMAIN IN PRODUCTION FOR THE H ARRIER II AIRCRAFT. T HE AMERICAN SOCIETY OF M ECHANICAL ENGINEERS T HE INSTITUTION OF M ECHANICAL ENGINEERS 1993 Evolution of the Pegasus Vectored-thrust Engine Introduction cern resulted in a perceived need trol and stability problems associ- The Pegasus vectored for combat runways for takeoff and ated with the transition from hover thrust engine provides the power landing, and which could, if re- to wing-borne flight. for the first operational vertical quired, be dispersed for operation The concepts examined and short takeoff and landing jet from unprepared and concealed and pursued to full-flight demon- aircraft. The Harrier entered ser- sites. Naval interest focused on a stration included "tail sitting" types vice with the Royal Air Force (RAF) similar objective to enable ship- exemplified by the Convair XFY-1 in 1969, followed by the similar borne combat aircraft to operate and mounted jet engines, while oth- AV-8A with the United States Ma- from helicopter-size platforms and ers used jet augmentation by means rine Corps in 1971. -
H.G. HAWKER ENGINEERING Co
H.G. HAWKER ENGINEERING Co. The H. G. Hawker Engineering Company was formed in 1920 by the previous directors of the Sopwith Aviation Company starting all over again with less than 20 staff The HGHEC took over all the Sopwith patent rights as well as the Government contracts for reconditioning Sopwith Snipes. The name was changed to avoid confusion, pilot Harry Hawker’s being adopted as it was well known and as Tommy Sopwith considered Hawker to be largely responsible for the growth of the Sopwith Aviation Company during the war. Sadly, on July 12th 1921, Hawker was killed in a crash, caused by a faulty carburetor, while test flying a Nieuport Goshawk. Hawker Engineering built Hawker motorcycles, sidecars and aluminium car bodies whilst seeking orders for their new aircraft designs The Hawker Woodcock night fighter was the first Hawker production aircraft, 57 were bought for the RAF In 1921 Chief Designer Herbert Smith left for Japan and Captain B Thompson took his place starting with the very unsuccessful Duiker. His Woodcock also suffered from flutter and serious control deficiencies. Wilfred George Carter, a Sopwith Aviation draughtsman and designer, replaced Thompson and created the Woodcock II which entered RAF service in 1925. Sydney Camm, Hawker’s greatest designer, joined the Company in 1923. His designs were to make the Company’s fortune and led to great industrial expansion for Thomas Sopwith and his team After leaving school in 1908, aged nearly 15, Camm was a founder of the Windsor Model Aeroplane Club. He started work in 1914 as an aircraft woodworker for the Martin and Handasyde (later Martinsyde) Company of Woking and Brooklands. -
The Raf Harrier Story
THE RAF HARRIER STORY ROYAL AIR FORCE HISTORICAL SOCIETY 2 The opinions expressed in this publication are those of the contributors concerned and are not necessarily those held by the Royal Air Force Historical Society. Copyright 2006: Royal Air Force Historical Society First published in the UK in 2006 by the Royal Air Force Historical Society All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical including photocopying, recording or by any information storage and retrieval system, without permission from the Publisher in writing. ISBN 0-9530345-2-6 Printed by Advance Book Printing Unit 9 Northmoor Park Church Road Northmoor OX29 5UH 3 ROYAL AIR FORCE HISTORICAL SOCIETY President Marshal of the Royal Air Force Sir Michael Beetham GCB CBE DFC AFC Vice-President Air Marshal Sir Frederick Sowrey KCB CBE AFC Committee Chairman Air Vice-Marshal N B Baldwin CB CBE FRAeS Vice-Chairman Group Captain J D Heron OBE Secretary Group Captain K J Dearman Membership Secretary Dr Jack Dunham PhD CPsychol AMRAeS Treasurer J Boyes TD CA Members Air Commodore H A Probert MBE MA *J S Cox Esq BA MA *Dr M A Fopp MA FMA FIMgt *Group Captain N Parton BSc (Hons) MA MDA MPhil CEng FRAeS RAF *Wing Commander D Robertson RAF Wing Commander C Cummings Editor & Publications Wing Commander C G Jefford MBE BA Manager *Ex Officio 4 CONTENTS EARLY HISTORICAL PERSPECTIVES AND EMERGING 8 STAFF TARGETS by Air Chf Mshl Sir Patrick Hine JET LIFT by Prof John F Coplin 14 EVOLUTION OF THE PEGASUS VECTORED -
B&W Real.Xlsx
NO REGN TYPE OWNER YEAR ‐‐‐‐‐‐ ‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐ ‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐ ‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐ ‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐ X00001 Albatros L‐68C X00002 Albatros L‐68D X00003 Albatros L‐69 X00004 Albatros L‐72C Hamburg Fremdenblatt X00005 Albatros L‐72C striped c/s X00006 D‐961 Albatros L‐73 Lufthansa X00007 Aviatik B.II German AF X00008 B.558/15 Aviatik B.II German AF X00009 Aviatik PG.20/2 X00010 C.1952 Aviatik C.I German AF X00011 Aviatik C.III German AF X00012 6306 Aviatik C.IX German AF X00013 Aviatik D.II nose view X00014 Aviatik D.III German AF X00015 Aviatik D.III nose view X00016 Aviatik D.VII German AF X00017 Aviatik D.VII nose view X00018 Arado J.1 X00019 D‐1707 Arado L.1 Ostseebad Warnemunde X00020 Arado L.II X00021 D‐1874 Arado L.II X00022 D‐817 Arado S.I DVL X00023 Arado S.IA nose view X00024 Arado S.I modified X00025 D‐1204 Arado SC.I X00026 D‐1192 Arado SC.I X00027 Arado SC.Ii X00028 Arado SC.II nose view X00029 D‐1984 Arado SC.II X00030 Arado SD.1 floatplane @ (poor) X00031 Arado SD.II X00032 Arado SD.III X00033 D‐1905 Arado SSD.I X00034 D‐1905 Arado SSD.I nose view X00035 Arado SSD.I on floats X00036 Arado V.I X00037 D‐1412 Arado W.2 X00038 D‐2994 Arado Ar.66 X00039 D‐IGAX Arado AR.66 Air to Air X00040 D‐IZOF Arado Ar.66C X00041 Arado Ar.68E Luftwaffe X00042 D‐ITEP Arado Ar.68E X00043 Arado Ar.68E nose view X00044 D‐IKIN Arado Ar.68F X00045 D‐2822 Arado Ar.69A X00046 D‐2827 Arado Ar.69B X00047 D‐EPYT Arado Ar.69B X00048 D‐IRAS Arado Ar.76 X00049 D‐ Arado Ar.77 @ X00050 D‐ Arado Ar.77 X00051 D‐EDCG Arado Ar.79 Air to Air X00052 D‐EHCR -
11 Riversdale Road, Thames Ditton, Surrey KT7 OQL, Tel: 020 8398 3396
11 Riversdale Road, Thames Ditton, Surrey KT7 OQL, Tel: 020 8398 3396 Email:[email protected] The Editor - The Times [email protected] 14th April 2015 Dear Sir, Last week we saw the demolition by developers of the Carlton Pub in Maida Vale, North London, despite the refusal of planning permission and the prospect of the building being listed by English Heritage. NeXt week, in the 75th anniversary year of the Battle of Britain, we face the prospect of the demolition of the former home of one of the greatest aircraft designers the world has known. Sir Sydney Camm, designer of the Hawker Hurricane which shot down 60% of the enemy planes in 1940 and of many other fighter planes including the Harrier, was described by the News Chronicle in 1941 as “This man saved Britain”. He lived and worked for 28 years in an attractive family house in Thames Ditton, Surrey, which now faces demolition neXt week by developers Shanly Homes. Plans for building 4 new houses on the site involving the proposed demolition of Sir Sydney’s house Carradale were refused by Elmbridge Council. Pleas to save this historic house have been ignored, even though it could easily be restored to create a home which would sell for well over £1 million as well as the profit on 2 new houses in the garden. Greed seems to have overcome any feeling for our history or recognition of the tremendous contribution Sir Sydney Camm made to saving our country. We ask that even at this late stage the developers recognise this and scale back their plans to demolish this historic house. -
Hawker Aircraft, Hawker Siddeley & British Aerospace in Kingston
HAWKER AIRCRAFT, HAWKER SIDDELEY & BRITISH AEROSPACE IN KINGSTON H.G.Hawker Engineering 1920 - 1935 Hawker Aircraft 1935 - 1963 Hawker Siddeley Aviation 1963 - 1977 British Aerospace 1977 - 1992 Brief History In 1920 the Sopwith Aviation team re-started as H. G. Hawker Engineering Co., named after their pilot Harry Hawker. New aircraft were sold in small numbers until Sydney Camm became Chief Designer in 1925. 3,000 of Sydney Camm’s Hart and Fury biplanes were built through the 1930s, making Hawker very profitable. Hawker’s success allowed Tommy Sopwith to buy other British aircraft companies and form Hawker Siddeley Aircraft Hundreds of Sydney Camm’s Hurricane monoplane fighters were in service from the start of the war. 14,000 were built and it became the most successful allied fighter. Camm’s Typhoon and Tempest fighters were also invaluable in ground attack and intercepting V1 flying bombs. From 1948 the company, always based in Kingston, moved to the Richmond Road factory, with Dunsfold Aerodrome for final assembly and flight testing. Sir Sydney Camm’s jet aircraft were equally successful, 2,500 Sea Hawks and Hunters were built. Ralph Hooper secured Hawker’s future when he devised the vertical take-off P.1127 and its Harrier development. Under Chief Designer John Fozard the Harrier became the only successful vertical take-off combat aircraft. Over 800 were sold. As Chief Engineer Ralph Hooper directed the design of the Hawk advanced trainer and light fighter. Nearly 1000 had been sold by 2012. By 1977, when it was nationalised into British Aerospace, Sir Thomas Sopwith’s Hawker Siddeley Aviation owned half of Britain’s aircraft industry. -
100 Years of World Class Aircraft from Kingston-Upon-Thames by Chris Farara, Hawker Association
100 Years of World Class Aircraft from Kingston-upon-Thames by Chris Farara, Hawker Association This was the story of the Kingston aircraft factory (Kingston-upon-Thames, in Greater London) from 1912, and the legacy associated through the firms that bore the names of ‘Tommy’ Sopwith and Harry Hawker and culminated, through amalgamation, into the British Aerospace site which finally closed in 1993. It was told through some 96 slides that ensured no significant design of any period was overlooked. The lecture followed a chronological path and interspersed factory, characters and products. To attain brevity in this report, these three elements are summarised separately. Factory – the Kingston Roller Skating Rink was acquired by Sopwith in 1912, and was used as a design and manufacturing plant, with airframes assembled and flown from Brooklands. By 1914 the company had to acquire larger premises at nearby Canbury Park Road in which production of early WW1 aircraft types was conducted. Even this proved inadequate to meet demand and the Government built a further large factory at Ham: about 1 mile north of Kingston. Although it was Government-owned, the Sopwith Company managed the site. In 1920, when Sopwith was wound-up, and replaced by H.G. Hawker Engineering, a much reduced workforce was located in the Canbury facility to conduct design and production. Assembly was located at Brooklands. This closed in 1938 and the company opened a satellite factory and aerodrome at Langley (near Slough). In 1948 Hawker acquired the Ham Works, and chose to centre all Kingston based activity there. Three years later Dunsfold in Surrey - some 20 miles south - was acquired from the MoD to replace Langley and it remained the factory-associated aerodrome until 1998. -
SIR SYDNEY CAMM, CBE, Honorary Fellow^ 5Th August 1893 — 12Th March 1966
Journal of the Royal Aeronautical Society INCORPORATING THE INSTITUTION OF AERONAUTICAL ENGINEERS AND THE HELICOPTER ASSOCIATION OF GREAT BRITAIN VOLUME 70 AUGUST 1966 NUMBER 668 SIR SYDNEY CAMM, CBE, Honorary Fellow^ 5th August 1893 — 12th March 1966 From SIR THOMAS SOPWITH, Honorary Fellow ITH THE death of Sydney Camm the country has W suffered an immense loss. He was an outstanding man who started at the bottom of the ladder and—without any apparent effort found his way to the top. He was not only a very great designer but a wonderful personality and as well as finding time for a prodigious number of new creations he was always ready to lend a helping hand to others genuinely interested in aircraft design. I will not start to enumerate his many successes, knowing that they will be referred to by colleagues who were even more closely connected with all the details of his work. Personally I have lost an old and valued friend for whom I always had the greatest affection and gratitude for all that he did for so many of his friends and associates. I would just like to say, as I did in my short address at his Memorial Service. Thank you, Sydney. From R. H. CHAPLIN, Fellow Photograph by Navana (.London) Ltd. O MY WAY of thinking, Sydney Camm was the last of the band of classical Chief Designers who were with folding wings, which had an empty weight of only Tstill in harness. 375 lb was typical of Camm's artistry. This outstandingly At the time of his death all his peers were either in light weight was only achieved by painstaking perseverance retirement or were deceased. -
Alumni Newsletter
August 2019 Issue 15 ALUMNI NEWSLETTER www.claremontfancourtalumni.co.uk PAGE 7-8 SUMMER MEETING INSIDE THIS ISSUE Welcome P2 | News P3-4 | Where are they now? P5 | Events P6 | Summer Meeting P7 | Alumni Sports Morning P8 | School News P9 | Did You Know? P10 | Fond Farewells P11 | Join the Community P12 | 1 STAY CONNECTED A warm welcome to all our alumni Alumni Relations Coordinator As you will see on the forthcoming pages the school [email protected] has been extremely busy since our last newsletter. We said goodbye to our Class of 2019 leavers, some of which have been with us from nursery. We wish them all the best and look forward to Kelly Hilder (on leave, returning 2020) welcoming them back as alumni in the future. We External Relations and Fundraising also said goodbye to Mr Nanson who retires from [email protected] the Senior School after 26 years and Mrs Casey from the Prep School who is retiring after 20 years. KEEP IN TOUCH It was another fabulously hot day as we celebrated the many achievements of our pupils at this year’s We’re always keen to keep in touch with the summer meeting. We welcomed guest speaker JB Claremont Fan Court community. Whether it’s Gill and celebrated Claremont’s history including memories of your school days, stories of your Queen Victoria’s bicentenary. We also honoured the Hawker Aircraft company as part of the D-Day travels, career details or reunions. commemorations at summer meeting. Our newest building takes the name of Hawker Aircraft’s chief Please email [email protected] designer, the Sir Sydney Camm science and with your updates. -
1 Newsletter 56
☻ NEWSLETTER 56 - Spring 2020 Published by the Hawker Association www.hawkerassociation.org.uk EDITORIAL I wish you a happy and healthy in 2020, the last year of the decade. Please note that the Association subscription renewal form and the AGM calling notice are included with this Newsletter . PLEASE write your £7 renewal cheque (and the one for last year as well, if you forgot - see back page) and post it to Barry Pegram as instructed on the form. Come on chaps, it’s not a fortune! Amongst the interesting articles below is a report by our Chairman on the state of the Association and prospects for its future. Your comments would be most welcome. If you didn’t respond to Richard Cannon’s plea in NL55 for you to e-mail him at [email protected] , please do it NOW. This is an urgent requirement to keep Richard’s address book up-to-date and so keep you informed. Contributions to the editor, Chris Farara at <[email protected]> please. PROGRAMME FOR 2020 Wednesday 11 th March Managing the closure of Kingston - Mike Frain. Wednesday 8 th April Annual General Meeting and videos. Wednesday 13 th May A Calamity and a Triumph - Lorimer Burn Mike Frain was Works Engineer at Kingston. From 1967 Lorimer Burn flew helicopters in the RN and for British Airways, and B.737s and Airbus 320s as a Captain with British Midland. His talk covers Air France Flight 447 which crashed fatally in the South Atlantic and US Airways Flight 1549 which ended safely in the Hudson River. -
I Nomi Degli Aerei Da Combattimento Della Royal Air Force E Della Fleet Air Arm
Giuseppe Brincat I nomi degli aerei da combattimento della Royal Air Force e della Fleet Air Arm L’idea di elevarsi da terra per osservare o recar danno al nemico sarà venuta a molti generali durante i conflitti armati fin dai secoli più remoti, ma la possibilità di avvalersi di aeromobili a scopo militare fu realizzata soltanto con l’invenzione dei palloni aerostatici. I primi ad utilizzarli furono i francesi, nel 1794 a Fleurus, quando il pallone di ricognizione L’Entreprenant sorvolò il campo di battaglia per osservare i movimenti delle truppe austriache. Nell’Ottocento furono apportati alcuni miglioramenti ma i dirigibili rimasero ingombranti e preda facile dell’artiglieria. Lo sviluppo tecnico dell’aviazione risultò molto lento e bisognava aspettare i primi anni del Novecento per vedere decollare e atterrare sano e salvo un aeroplano vero e proprio. Il primo volo di un congegno più pesante dell’aria, dotato di ali e di un motore con propulsione a elica e capace di essere controllato, si attribuisce ai fratelli Wilbur e Orville Wright che nel 1903, dopo alcuni esperimenti con alianti, riuscirono a staccarsi da terra e coprire 300 metri in 59 secondi. Da quel momento il progresso fu rapidissimo, tanto che in un decennio i biplani si moltiplicarono in vari paesi. Il primato del volo militare spetta all’Italia. Il Corpo Aeronautico Militare, formato nel 1911 per la campagna di colonizzazione della Libia, eseguì il primo volo di ricognizione il 23 ottobre di quell’anno e il primo bombardamento soltanto pochi giorni dopo, il 1 novembre, sulle postazioni ottomane. La prima bomba fu lanciata dal pilota Giulio Gavotti sull’oasi di Ain Zara in Libia da un monoplano costruito in Germania che aveva il nome di Taube, che vuol dire ‘colomba’, un uccello che ironicamente spesso simboleggia la pace.