Robert Stephenson Trail

Total Page:16

File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb

Robert Stephenson Trail Robert Stephenson FRS, MP (1803-1859) Background His invention of the box girder bridge as a continuous beam to span the Menai Straits 1845-50 resulted in the Robert Stephenson was born on Britannia Bridge, a structure of outstanding engineering 16 October 1803 at Willington near and architectural merit. Completed in 1848, his box Newcastle. He was largely brought up by girder bridge at Conwy, North Wales, is still in existence. his father George, known as the ‘father of the railways’, as his mother died when he was only two. Whilst Robert had to establish his offi ce in London and Robert Stephenson travel far afi eld in pursuit of his career, he retained an Engineer Career affi nity to Newcastle referring to it as ‘his native town’. 1803-1859 Robert began assisting his father’s engineering Engineering monuments to his prowess in the North activities, both in locomotives and railway construction, East remain for all to see. at Killingworth and Hetton. He then moved on to co- founding the world’s fi rst purpose built locomotive factory Civil Engineer in Newcastle upon Tyne, where at the age of 19 he In 1830 Robert became a member of the Institution of was made managing partner. In this factory Robert’s Civil Engineers. He served as President, 1856-1858, original designs established the basis of all future steam following an extraordinary career: his contribution to the locomotive development on both sides of the Atlantic. world is as meaningful now as it was in his lifetime. His reputation as a civil engineer was made as Engineer- Robert died at his home at 34 Gloucester Square, in-Chief of the London & Birmingham Railway 1833-8 London on 12 October 1859. He was one of the where he overcame the most complex problems in this greatest engineers, recognised as such by a grateful outstanding engineering feat, which included many British nation who honoured him by burial in the centre innovative bridges. nave of Westminster Abbey. 7 Newcastle upon Tyne 1 4 8 5/6 2 3 9 Northumbria Trail Sites and Locations to Visit 10 Newcastle upon Tyne & 3 Robert Stephenson & Co. 5 The North of England Institute of Location: Forth Street & South Street Mining and Mechanical Engineers Gateshead Newcastle upon Tyne Location: Neville Hall, Westgate Road Newcastle upon Tyne Founded in 1823, this This leaflet and the places you can visit will give an venue was previously insight into the background of Robert Stephenson’s As an apprentice mining known as Forth Street upbringing, education, early career and creation of engineer under Nicholas Works. It was at this impressive engineering structures which remain in Wood and stating a works that the definitive daily use as part of life in the North East. preference for mechanical form of the steam engineering, Robert was locomotive was created. elected President of the 1 5 Greenfield Place Robert Stephenson Institution of Mechanical designed and directed Engineers 1849-53 and Location: South of A168 Westgate Road the construction of Rocket 1829 and many other famous Vice-President of the Mining Institute 1853-9. In his will, Newcastle upon Tyne locomotives such as Planet 1830 and Patentee 1833. he left generous bequests to both the Mining Institute and the Literary & Philosophical Society. Following his marriage to Fanny Boiler/Plate shop and offices 1848, form part of a Sanderson in June 1829, Robert vast locomotive complex. These significant historical and his wife occupied this house buildings were saved from imminent demolition in 1987 6 Literary and Philosophical Society in Newcastle spending several and authentically restored by the Robert Stephenson Location: 23 Westgate Road happy domestic years together. Trust. Adjacent to Neville Hall (above) They moved to Haverstock Hill, Newcastle upon Tyne London in 1833. Fanny died of 4 Stephenson Monument cancer in 1842. They had no Robert made use of the facilities at family. Location: Westgate Road/Neville Street the Lit & Phil Society after school, The house is privately owned. Newcastle upon Tyne borrowing books on science and mechanics to further his own and 2 Central Station This Grade ll* Listed his father’s education. Continuing to Monument, was designed in be a member until his death, he was Location: Neville Street 1849 by John Graham Lough elected President 1855-59. Newcastle upon Tyne in order to promote Newcastle as a leading industrial centre. Forming part of the Newcastle to Berwick railway Not until April 1859 was the 7 Alderman Fenwick’s House, planned in 1844, the Central Station is the work of actual size plaster model Formerly the Queen’s Head Hotel John Dobson, the Newcastle architect with Robert exhibited in the nearby Literary Location: 98 Pilgrim Street Stephenson being responsible for the engineering work. and Philosophical Society before being sent to London Newcastle upon Tyne Its great arched roofs and spectacular combination of to be cast into bronze. George Stephenson is on the This prestigious merchant’s curves is considered pedestal. The corner projections of the monument hold house became a thriving by some to be the four figures representing spheres of Stephenson’s coaching inn during the late finest station in the activity in the mining, locomotive manufacturing and 18th century and then a world. The station railway industries. Robert Stephenson is thought to be desirable hotel, the Queen’s was brought into use the model for two figures, one holding the miners lamp Head. Robert Stephenson in 1850 with Robert and the other with an outside cylinder locomotive. The must rank as one of its most Stephenson, guest of other two figures represent a blacksmith and a plate- famous guests during his honour at a dinner on layer. The monument was inaugurated at an elaborate frequent visits to Newcastle. the main platform. ceremony on 3 October 1862. External viewing only. 8 Dean Street Arch Robert Stephenson Trail 1 Royal Border Bridge Location: Dean Street Location: Over the River Tweed Newcastle upon Tyne Northumbria Opened by Queen Victoria in 1850, this majestic masonry viaduct of 28 arches over the Tweed This magnificent semi-elliptical masonry arch flanked by This leaflet shows places you can visit to gain an completed the rail connection between London and three small arches, forms part of a spectacular viaduct insight into the background and works of Robert Edinburgh. The viaduct was designed by Robert system and the East Coast Main Line. The plans were Stephenson. The North East has more than 80 Stephenson, with George Barclay Bruce as his resident submitted by Robert Stephenson for the Newcastle & museums and many, including the Stephenson engineer. The painting below depicts the Royal Border Berwick Railway Bill to gain Parliamentary Committee Museum North Shields, Head of Steam: Darlington Bridge and was commissioned by ICE North East. approval in 1845. The original arch was later widened Railway Museum, Locomotion:The National Railway in 1894. Museum at Shildon and Beamish Open Air Museum, display Stephenson related exhibits. 9 High Level Bridge 1 Location: Over the River Tyne Continuation of St Nicholas Street [B1307] Newcastle upon Tyne 2 2 East Coast Main Line Viaducts Location: River Aln 3 In addition to the rail bridges crossing the Tyne and 4 5 Tweed, 4 major masonry arch bridges were constructed Regarded as one of the finest pieces of architectural to the designs of Robert Stephenson over rivers in ironwork in the world, this structure consists of a series Northumbria to complete the Newcastle and Berwick of tied arches. Designed by Robert Stephenson, it Railway opened in 1849. The crossing at River Aln is a was the first bridge to carry both road and rail traffic. 8 representative example of this type of structure. Ceremonially opened by Queen Victoria in 1849, the bridge has been sensitively restored for posterity. 7 3 Dial Cottage 10 Skew bridge in masonry and plate 6 Location: 108 Great Lime Road, girder West Moor, Killingworth Location: Half Moon Lane Late in 1804 the Stephenson family moved from Gateshead Willington Quay to Killingworth where George, the father, was employed as a brakesman at the West Oblique span bridge of a former single box girder with Moor pit. Having established a consultancy to repair masonry abutments constructed at Robert Stephenson stationary engines, George enjoyed the salaried & Co in 1848. The bridge was originally part of the position of enginewright from 1812, allowing him to Newcastle and Berwick Railway, of which Robert ensure that his son had a good education. Stephenson was appointed Engineer-in-Chief in 1845. The construction of the works throughout was directed by his assistant engineer Thomas Harrison. 3 Dial Cottage ... continued 6 Hownes Gill Viaduct Robert Stephenson Robert was initially sent to the village school at nearby Location: Off the A692 between Castleside Longbenton and then and Consett One of Tyneside’s Most Famous Sons 1815-19 to Dr Bruce’s Academy in Percy Street, Part of the Waskerley Way railway On the death of Robert Stephenson, the President of Newcastle. Encouraged walk, this elegant structure was the the Institution of Civil Engineers, Joseph Locke stated: by his father, Robert work of Thomas Bouch, the designer constructed the sun-dial of the infamous fi rst Tay Bridge. “Robert Stephenson achieved some of the greatest placed over the cottage Robert Stephenson, as consultant, works of art which have been witnessed in our day and door. The house is modifi ed Bouch’s design to provide an eminence in the scientifi c world rarely reached by privately owned. adequate foundations and stronger any practical professional man.” piers to this impressive viaduct. 8 November 1859, Vol. 19, Proc. ICE 4 St Bartholomew’s Parish Church 7 Victoria Viaduct Further reading Location: Station Road, Forest Hall Newcastle, NE12 9NQ Location: To the east of Fatfi eld on the A182 ▪ Robert Stephenson - The Eminent Engineer View from James Steel Park.
Recommended publications
  • ALPHABETICAL DIRECTORY. Ward'e Dlrecto~
    40 ALPHABETICAL DIRECTORY. Ward'e Dlrecto~ Wallsend Motor Co. off Church bank Whitfield Robert, foreman, 10 Armstrong Td. Wil­ --.Park Villa Football Club Grnd. Blenkinsop st lington Quay --iSlipway Association Football Club Ground, \Vrutley & Distriat La111ndry, 90 High et. east Willington ter. Willington Wicks James, clerk, 6 Westmor]a.nd avenue, Wil- 1ington Quay Wallsend Slipway & Engineering Co. Ltd; dames c. Henderson, secretary (T. 117 Wightman Margt. Mrs. shopkpr. 31 Benton way to 122, city 412) Wilkie Mary J. Miss, Tynemouth rd. Willington Quay -SooiaJ Club, Ltd. SyoaanOI'Ie st. (T. 176) Wilkin Luke, draughtsman, 6 West vtew --Temperance Cycling Club, High st. wes~ Wilkinson Harry, ins. manager, 134A High st. --Unionist Association, 88 High st. west (T. 47) east; r Whitley Bay --& Willington Park & Building Land Syndi· --1.<!a.be1la Miss, grooor, 168 High st. west cate, Ltd. High st. west --James Edward Mrs. Churchill st. Willington --Window Cleanin~ & Advertising Co. Central --Jane Mrs. Churchill st. Willington buildings, StatiOn rd. (T. 93) --John, draughtsman, 79 Richardson st W.a.lton Ja.bez N. ma.nager, 97 The a.venue --M. J. Mr:s. hailrd!rEN>er, 156 High st. west ---.James, shopkieeper, 15 Western rd. Willing­ --.Richard, grocer, 170 High st. west ton Quay --& Storrow, tailors, 106 High st. west --V. & Co. Ltd. confectioners, 157 High st. --·Thomas, mngr. Overdale, King's rd. (T.226) east & 3 High st. west W:iJ1oox Samuel Jos. dentaJ su.rgeoo, 87 Park rd. Ward H. Jervis, secretary (Cleland's Graving (T. 85) Dock & Slipway Co. Ltd.) Potter st. Wil­ Williams Robert, m.
    [Show full text]
  • Geological Notes and Local Details for 1:Loooo Sheets NZ26NW, NE, SW and SE Newcastle Upon Tyne and Gateshead
    Natural Environment Research Council INSTITUTE OF GEOLOGICAL SCIENCES Geological Survey of England and Wales Geological notes and local details for 1:lOOOO sheets NZ26NW, NE, SW and SE Newcastle upon Tyne and Gateshead Part of 1:50000 sheets 14 (Morpeth), 15 (Tynemouth), 20 (Newcastle upon Tyne) and 21 (Sunderland) G. Richardson with contributions by D. A. C. Mills Bibliogrcphic reference Richardson, G. 1983. Geological notes and local details for 1 : 10000 sheets NZ26NW, NE, SW and SE (Newcastle upon Tyne and Gateshead) (Keyworth: Institute of Geological Sciences .) Author G. Richardson Institute of Geological Sciences W indsorTerrace, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE2 4HE Production of this report was supported by theDepartment ofthe Environment The views expressed in this reportare not necessarily those of theDepartment of theEnvironment - 0 Crown copyright 1983 KEYWORTHINSTITUTE OF GEOLOGICALSCIENCES 1983 PREFACE "his account describes the geology of l:25 000 sheet NZ 26 which spans the adjoining corners of l:5O 000 geological sheets 14 (Morpeth), 15 (Tynemouth), 20 (Newcastle upon Tyne) and sheet 22 (Sunderland). The area was first surveyed at a scale of six inches to one mile by H H Howell and W To~ley. Themaps were published in the old 'county' series during the years 1867 to 1871. During the first quarter of this century parts of the area were revised but no maps were published. In the early nineteen twenties part of the southern area was revised by rcJ Anderson and published in 1927 on the six-inch 'County' edition of Durham 6 NE. In the mid nineteen thirties G Burnett revised a small part of the north of the area and this revision was published in 1953 on Northumberland New 'County' six-inch maps 85 SW and 85 SE.
    [Show full text]
  • Bridges Over the Tyne Session Plan
    Bridges over the Tyne Session Plan There are seven bridges over the Tyne between central Newcastle and Gateshead but there have been a number of bridges in the past that do not exist anymore. However the oldest current bridge, still standing and crossing the Tyne is actually at Corbridge, built in 1674. Pon Aelius is the earliest known bridge. It dates from the Roman times and was built in the reign of the Roman Emperor Hadrian at the same time as Hadrian’s Wall around AD122. It was located where the Swing Bridge is now and would have been made of wood possibly with stone piers. It last- ed until the Roman withdrawal from Britain in the 5th century. Two altars can be seen in the Great North Museum to Neptune and Oceanus. They are thought to have been placed next to the bridge at the point where the river under the protection of Neptune met the tidal waters of the sea under the protection of Oceanus. The next known bridge was the Medieval Bridge. Built in the late 12th century, it was a stone arched bridge with huge piers. The bridge had shops, houses, a chapel and a prison on it. It had towers with gates a drawbridge and portcullis reflecting its military importance. The bridge collapsed during the great flood of 1771, after three days of heavy rain, with a loss of six lives. You can still see the remains of the bridge in the stone archways on both the Newcastle and Gateshead sides of the river where The Swing Bridge is today.
    [Show full text]
  • How Did George Stephenson Change Lives?
    How did George Stephenson change lives? Timeline 1812 1825 1829 1850 1863 1863 1879 1912 1938 1964 Invention of The first George Luxury steam ‘The flying The The first First diesel Mallard The first high trains with soft the steam railroad opens Stephenson Scotsman’ Metropolitan electric locomotive train speed trains train in Britain seats, sleeping had its first is opened as train runs in invented run in Japan. invents ‘The and dining journey. the first presented Switzerland ‘The bullet Rocket’ underground in Berlin train railway (Germany) invented’ Key Vocabulary Famous figures The Flying diesel These locomotives burn diesel as fuel and Scotsman is a were far more powerful than previous George Stephenson (1781-1848) steam train that steam locomotives. He worked on the development of ran from Edinburgh electric Powered from electricity which they collect to London. railway tracks and bridge building from overhead cables. and also designed the ‘Rocket’ high-speed Initially produced in Japan but now which won the Rainhill Trials in international, these trains are really fast. The Mallard holds 1829. It was the fastest steam locomotive Engines which provide the power to pull a the record for the locomotive of its time, reaching 30 whole train made up of carriages or fastest steam train miles an hour. Some people were wagons. Rainhill The Liverpool and Manchester railway at 126 mph. scared of the train as they felt it Trials competition to find the best locomotive, could be dangerous to go so fast! won by Stephenson’s Rocket. steam Powered by burning coal. Steam was fed The Bullet is a into cylinders to move long rods (pistons) Japanese high The Rocket and make the wheels turn.
    [Show full text]
  • Publications Robert Stephenson – Engineer & Scientist
    The Robert Stephenson Trust – Publications Robert Stephenson – Engineer & Scientist – The Making of a Prodigy by Victoria Haworth 185 x 285 90pp ISBN 0 9535 1621 0 Softback £9.95 postage & packing £1.50 The work of Robert Stephenson has always been overshadowed by that of his father George and the author attempts to lay to rest the confusion that various myths have created. The book highlights Robert’s formative years and his major contribution to the development of the steam locomotive design, including notable locomotives such as Rocket, Planet and Patentee . The factory in Newcastle, which bears his name, not only produced these machines but trained talents in abundance, changing the face of civilisation. Also included is a chronology of the main events in his life. Robert Stephenson: Railway Engineer by John Addyman & Victoria Haworth A4 195pp ISBN 1 873513 60 7 Hardback £19.95 postage & packing £5.00 This biography seeks to return Robert Stephenson to his rightful position as the pre-eminent engineer of the Railway Age. The book surveys the whole range of his railway work and aims to correct the imbalance due to Smiles who credited most of Robert’s early work to his father George. All aspects of his work are covered, from very important locomotive development to railway building and consultancy around the world. Fully referenced primary sources and well reproduced lithographs, drawings and other art work complement this essential reference book. The High Level Bridge and Newcastle Central Station by John Addyman and Bill Fawcett A4 152pp ISBN 1 873513 28 3 Softback £9.95 postage & packing £3.00 This book recognises the 150 th anniversaries of the opening of the High Level Bridge and the Central Station.
    [Show full text]
  • NORTH TYNESIDE MBC This User Guide
    TYNE & WEAR ARCHIVES USER GUIDE 15C SCHOOLS – NORTH TYNESIDE MBC This User Guide outlines the records held relating to individual schools in the area covered by North Tyneside MBC. Separate User Guides are available for records of schools in the City of Sunderland (15A), Gateshead MBC (15B), Newcastle City (15D) and South Tyneside MBC (15E). This User Guide is not a comprehensive list of all references to individual schools. The records included here are those normally maintained by the schools themselves and "strays" which are part of collections not associated with education in North Tyneside MBC. References to individual schools will also be found in School Board and Education Committees records. Education Departments of local authorities often maintained files on individual schools and groups of schools such as Multilateral Units, as do some Administrative or Legal Departments. Plans and planning applications may be found in the records of Local Authority Engineers, Surveyors, Planning or Architects Departments. [See User Guide 13] Finally, Police and Fire Authority records may contain reports on incidents of vandalism, fires etc. We do not hold examination results. See http://web.aqa.org.uk/admin/p_records.php for location of records of some current and past examination boards. Abbreviations used throughout this guide :- LB = log books AR = Admissions registers PB = punishment books M = Managers/Governors minutes P = photographs DR = Discharge registers O = anything other than the above NB Access to records containing information of a sensitive personal nature is restricted. Please ask a member of staff for more details. Please enquire about access to any unlisted collections.
    [Show full text]
  • MARRIAGE CERTIFICATES © NDFHS Page 1
    MARRIAGE CERTIFICATES No GROOMSURNAME Groomforename BRIDESURNAME Brideforename D M Y PLACE 588 ABBOT William HADAWAY Ann 25 Jul 1869 Tynemouth 935 ABBOTT Edwin NESS Sarah Jane 20 JUL 1882 Wallsend Parrish Church Northumbrland ADAMS Thomas BORTON Mary 16 OCT 1849 Coughton Northampton 556 ADAMSON James Frederick TATE Annabell 6 Oct 1861 Tynemouth 655 ADAMSON Robert GRAHAM Hannah 23 OCT 1847 Darlington Co Durham 581 ADAMSON William BENSON Hannah 24 Feb 1847 Whitehaven Cumberland ADDISON James WILSON Jane Elizabeth 23 JUL 1871 Carlisle, Cumberland 694 ADDY Frederick BELL Jane 26 DEC 1922 Barnsley Yorks 1456 AFFLECK James LUCKLEY Ann 1 APR 1839 Newcastle upon Tyne 1457 AGNEW William KIRKPATRICK Mary 30 MAY 1887 Newcastle upon Tyne 751 AINGER David TURNER Eliza 28 FEB 1870 Essex 704 AIR Thomas MCKENZIE Ann 24 MAY 1871 Belford NBL 936 AISTON John ELLIOTT Esther 26 FEB 1881 Sunderland 244 AITCHISON John COCKBURN Jane 22 Aug 1865 Utd Pres Ch Newcastle ALBION Henry Edward SCOTT Margaret 6 APR 1884 St Mark Millfield Durham ALDER John Cowens WRIGHT Ann 24 JUN 1856 Newcastle /Tyne 1160 ALDERSON Joseph Henry ANDERSON Eliza 22 JUN 1897 Heworth Co Durham ALLABURTON John GREEN Jane 24 DEC 1842 St. Giles ,Durham City 1505 ALLAN Edward PERCY Sarah 17 JUL 1854 St. Nicholas, Newcastle on Tyne 1390 ALLEN Alexander Bowman WANDLESS Jessie 10 JUL 1943 Darlington Co Durham 992 ALLEN Peter F THOMPSON Sheila 18 MAY 1957 Newcastle upon Tyne 1161 ALLEN Thomas HIGGINS Annie 4 OCT 1887 South Shields 158 ALLISON John JACKSON Jane Ann 31 Jul 1859 Colliery, Catchgate,
    [Show full text]
  • Lesson Plan Created by Tina Corri on Behalf of Sunderland Culture
    Lesson plan created by Tina Corri on behalf of Sunderland Culture STEAM Teachers Notes and Lesson Plans for KS2/KS3 Teachers STEAM Teachers Notes and Lesson Plans for KS2/KS3 Teachers Welcome to Sunderland Culture’s Cultural Toolkit for STEAM activities! This resource contains notes and lesson plans linking to STEAM education. They are created for KS2 and KS3 teachers, and are editable. They are designed to be easy to use, adaptable and creative - ready to plug in and play. The activities have been developed in partnership with teachers, and take Sunderland’s people and places as their inspiration. Teacher Notes - Introduction to STEAM What is STEAM? STEAM stands for Science, TechnologyWelcome, Engineering to Sunderland, Art and Maths. By placing art at theCulture’s heart of STEM Cultural Toolkit education, it recognises the vitalfor role STEAM of the arts activities!and This resource contains notes and lesson plans linking creativity in scientific discoveries,to STEAM inno education.vative design, They are createdand for KS2 and KS3 ground-breaking engineering. teachers, and are editable. They are designed to be easy to use, adaptable and creative - ready to plug in and play. The activities STEAM education explores whahavet happens been developed when in ypartnershipou combine with teachers,these different subjects together and take Sunderland’s people and places as their as a way to explore real-world situainspiration.tions and challenges. It is an approach which encourages invention and curiosity throughTeacher creative, Noteshands-on - Introductionand experimen tot STEAMal learning. At the core of STEAM education are two key concepts: What is STEAM? STEAM stands for Science, Technology, Engineering, Art and Maths.
    [Show full text]
  • The Martin Road Project
    THE 02-52 MARTIN ROAD PROJECT Crime and Disorder Reduction Northumbria Police ACC Paul Leighton Contact: Sergeant Steve Todd Wallsend Area Command 20 Alexandra Street Wallsend Telephone: 0181214 6555 ext 63311 Fax: 01661 863354 Email: [email protected] Martin Road Project - Executive Summary THE Martin Road area of Howdon, North Tyneside, is like many others in urban Britain. A mainly local authority-run estate, its high levels of unemployment and deprivation had led to an acceptance by residents and local agencies that anti-social behaviour and juvenile disorder were inevitable. But in this particular area, the problems gradually worsened until they reached a stage where effective, permanent, sustainable action was the only option. In the six months from January 1 2001, incidents of serious disorder were becoming excessive. They peaked between March and May 2001 when police officers and fire-fighters were regularly attacked by large groups of missile-throwing youths, council houses were set on fire and nearby Metro trains and other property damaged. The residents shared the views of the emergency services that enough was enough and brought their problems to the March meeting of the local Police and Community Forum. A month later the first meeting of the Martin Road Public Safety Group was held and the first step had been taken on the road to recovery. People representing the police, the local authority, a housing association, the fire service, local businesses, the main transport operator, residents and schools met to tackle the problem - and find a solution - together. Shared information and a residents survey confirmed high levels of serious disorder including arson, damage and missile throwing.
    [Show full text]
  • NATURE 19 the Map Was Drawn, and So the Omission of the Name of Tion Set In, Due to Errors Introduced by Repeated Copying, St
    NATURE 19 the map was drawn, and so the omission of the name of tion set in, due to errors introduced by repeated copying, St. Gilles can be accounted for. Vesconte knew that uncontrolled by any check. there was no longer a port of St. Gilles, if he knew that From the evidence outlined above we may reconstruct there ever had been, and, being of no interest to those the history of St. Gilles as a seaport. In Roman times for whom the map was made, it was omitted, but the it was an inland town, of no great importance, past topography he took, directly or indirectly, from the which one of the branches of the Rhone flowed, as at older map. If this map is compared with a restoration the present day, but, instead of turning southwards, of the twelfth century topography, as deduced from the river flowed on to the west, in a valley cut out of the modern maps of the region, upraised alluvium, to where the etang de Mauguio now the agreement, as regards stands. Then came the subsidence in the Dark Ages, the eastern end of the inlet, the lower part of this valley became submerged, and an is so close, that his repre­ inlet of the sea was formed, with sufficient depth of sentation of the western por­ water to enable ships to reach St. Gilles, which, by 108o, tion, where direct restoration had become so well established that it was selected Fw. 3·-Coast between Cette is more uncertain, may be as the most appropriatelanding-place for a princess of and Cap Couronne, from the map by Petrus Vesconte, dated taken as corroboration of the Sicily, on her way to the Court of France.
    [Show full text]
  • The 1825 Stockton & Darlington Railway
    The 1825 S&DR: Preparing for 2025; Significance & Management. The 1825 Stockton & Darlington Railway: Historic Environment Audit Volume 1: Significance & Management October 2016 Archaeo-Environment for Durham County Council, Darlington Borough Council and Stockton on Tees Borough Council. Archaeo-Environment Ltd for Durham County Council, Darlington Borough Council and Stockton Borough Council 1 The 1825 S&DR: Preparing for 2025; Significance & Management. Executive Summary The ‘greatest idea of modern times’ (Jeans 1974, 74). This report arises from a project jointly commissioned by the three local authorities of Darlington Borough Council, Durham County Council and Stockton-on-Tees Borough Council which have within their boundaries the remains of the Stockton & Darlington Railway (S&DR) which was formally opened on the 27th September 1825. The report identifies why the S&DR was important in the history of railways and sets out its significance and unique selling point. This builds upon the work already undertaken as part of the Friends of Stockton and Darlington Railway Conference in June 2015 and in particular the paper given by Andy Guy on the significance of the 1825 S&DR line (Guy 2015). This report provides an action plan and makes recommendations for the conservation, interpretation and management of this world class heritage so that it can take centre stage in a programme of heritage led economic and social regeneration by 2025 and the bicentenary of the opening of the line. More specifically, the brief for this Heritage Trackbed Audit comprised a number of distinct outputs and the results are summarised as follows: A. Identify why the S&DR was important in the history of railways and clearly articulate its significance and unique selling point.
    [Show full text]
  • George Stephenson Fact File
    George Stephenson Fact File • George Stephenson was born in 1781 near Newcastle-upon-Tyne. • His dad worked at a coal mine and looked after the steam engines that were used to pump water out of the mine. He taught George about these machines and when George was 14 he went to work down the mines himself. He would play about with the machines to learn more about how they worked. • In 1814, George designed his first steam locomotive for the railways for Killingworth Colliery near Newcastle. The loco was a success and George was asked to work on other railways being built. • In 1825 a new railway was opened between Stockton and Darlington. George and his men built the track and the locomotive for this railway. It later became the first steam loco to carry passengers in the world! • But the steam loco George is probably most famous for is the Rocket... - In 1829 a new railway was planned to run between Liverpool and Manchester. - George competed against two other engineers to find the best locomotive to run on the railway and pull heavy loads of materials over long distances. With his son, Robert, he built the ‘Rocket’. This travelled faster than all the other trains at 36mph. - The opening of this railway line and the success of the rocket led to many more railway lines and steam locomotives being built across the country. Richard Trevithick Fact File • In 1803 Trevithick began to build the first steam locomotive in Britain to run on rails. • He had been asked by the boss of an ironworks company in South Wales to build a steam loco to run on rails from the ironworks (a place where iron a strong metal is used to make things) to the local canal.
    [Show full text]