59 FFAO AquacultureAN Newsletter o N

October 2018

Aquaculture Branch Fisheries and Aquaculture Department Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations Viale delle Terme di Caracalla, 00153 Rome, Italy E-mail: [email protected] FAO Aquaculture Newsletter ok18 FA N banner changed

The FAO Aquaculture Newsletter (FAN) is issued two times a year by the Aquaculture Branch (FIAA) of the FAO Fisheries and Aquaculture Department, Rome, Italy. It presents articles and views from the FAO aquaculture programme and discusses various aspects of aquaculture as seen from the perspective of both headquarters and In this month’s issue the fi eld programme. Articles are contributed by FAO staff from within and outside the Fisheries and Aquaculture » Opportunities for Aquaculture Development Department, from FAO regional offi ces and fi eld projects, by FAO consultants and, occasionally, by invitation in Drylands ii from other sources. FAN is distributed free of charge to various institutions, scientists, planners and managers » Overview of Recently Published Global in member countries and has a current circulation of about 1 300 copies. It is also available on the FAO webpage: Aquaculture Statistics 6 www.fao.org/fi shery/publications/fan » The Development of Small-Scale Trout Farming in Kyrgyzstan 18 Chief Editor: Valerio Crespi » Rice-fi sh Farming in Iran: History and Editorial Board Members: José Aguilar Manjarrez, Graham Mair, Rodrigo Roubach, Elizabeth Graham Development 28 Graphic Designer: José Luis Castilla Civit » Development of Mariculture in Zanzibar, © FAO, 2018 © FAO,

Citation: FAO. 2018. FAO Aquaculture Newsletter. No. 59 (October). Rome. CA2325EN/1/11.18 Tanzania 41 Citation for single contribution: Name(s) of the author(s). Year. Title of the article. FAO Aquaculture Newsletter, No. 59, pp. xx–xx. » Preparation of the State of the World Report on Aquatic Genetic Resources 46 EDITORIAL ©FAO/V. CRESPI ©FAO/V. Aquaculture facility in arid lands in Egypt ©FAO

Opportunities for Aquaculture Development in Drylands

quaculture the fastest of offshore aquaculture usually of the world population (313 million) Agrowing major food industry requires high initial costs and lives in arid zones with 92 million for decades, currently produces investments not always affordable residing in hyper-arid deserts (UNDP/ 53 percent of the global fish we by small-medium scale investors and UNSO). Deserts cover more than one consume and it is largely responsible at times, not technically feasible nor fifth of the Earth’s land, they are for doubling the per capita fish economically attractive. Although found on every continent and they consumption of fish products since marine aquaculture offers great can represent new unexploited areas 1960s (SOFIA, 2018)1. The global opportunities for development in for development. population growth and increase in term of high value species, revenues food demand is driving the rapid and creation of employment it may Arid lands are characterized development and intensification not, at least for now, fill the gap of by high temperature variations of aquaculture towards new fish needs of those populations living (between day and night); low geographical frontiers. in inland marginal regions such as precipitations; high solar radiation arid lands. and evaporation; limited surface When we consider expansion of the water; abundant inexpensive land; sector as a whole, we immediately Drylands take up 41.3 percent of often with large aquifers of fresh think of offshore aquaculture due the world land surface and up and brackish water. Ground water to the large extension of the oceans to 44 percent of all the world's in these environments is often only and areas with limited conflicts of cultivated systems are in the drylands partially used although this water use. However, the development (United Nations)2. Thirteen percent is abundant and of high quality.

The designations employed and the presentation of material in this FAO encourages the use, reproduction and dissemination of material information product do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever in this information product. Except where otherwise indicated, material on the part of the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations may be copied, downloaded and printed for private study, research and (FAO) concerning the legal or development status of any country, territory, teaching purposes, or for use in non-commercial products or services, city or area or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its provided that appropriate acknowledgement of FAO as the source and frontiers or boundaries. The mention of specific companies or products of copyright holder is given and that FAO’s endorsement of users’ views, manufacturers, whether or not these have been patented, does not imply products or services is not implied in any way. that these have been endorsed or recommended by FAO in preference to others of a similar nature that are not mentioned. All requests for translation and adaptation rights, and for resale and other commercial use rights should be made via: The views expressed in this information product are those of the author(s) www.fao.org/contact-us/licencerequest or addressed to [email protected] and do not necessarily reflect the views or policies of FAO. FAO information products are available on the FAO website © FAO, 2018 (www.fao.org/publications) and can be purchased through [email protected]. ii COVER PHOTO: Farmed Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) in Bangladesh, ©FAO/M.R. HASAN EDITORIAL

agriculture has become In many countries of the Near East more popular in areas where and North Africa, governments ©FAO/V. CRESPI ©FAO/V. Fish market in Kuwait City, Kuwait water and other resources are strongly supporting the are limited. Aquaculture development of freshwater Nowadays drylands can be better in arid lands can provide social aquaculture particularly in marginal exploited for food production using benefits, assuring an improved public regions such as desert and arid modern and responsible aquaculture health and food security for rural lands. The increasing competition practices such as integrated communities reducing migration for land, water and natural aquaculture systems which follow of vulnerable population especially resources will require the application agroecology principles3, reducing youth and women, towards cities of new strategies including water use in support to food safety and/or abroad. promotion of efficient use of and environmental protection and resources, recycling and enhancing conservation. These integrated In these areas aquatic food does biodiversity to ensure adequate farming systems can produce a not easily reach local markets food production protecting cheap and affordable source of and there is a low tradition in fish livelihoods and social systems and quality protein and fresh vegetable consumption. Moreover available promoting responsible governance. products with reduced water and fish is often in the form of frozen resources use especially small-scale products (sardines or tilapia) and farm households in rural areas. often of poor quality. People are Integrated multi-trophic aquaculture usually not aware of the high (IMTA)4 also offers the opportunity nutritional value of fresh fish and Valerio Crespi to produce high quality crops taking the role fish plays in the optimal Chief Editor advantage of synergistic interactions development of the brain and FAO Fisheries and Aquaculture Department among the species. Also, renewable neural system of children. E-mail: [email protected] energy such as solar, geothermal and wind power allows the SEE ALSO intensification of production without depending on standard 1. FAO. 2018. The State of World Fisheries and Aquaculture 2018 - Meeting the sustainable development goals. Rome. www.fao.org/3/i9540en/I9540EN.pdf sources of energy. 2. United Nations webpage: www.un.org/en/events/desertification_decade/whynow.shtml 3. FAO Agroecology Knowledge Hub: www.fao.org/agroecology In the last two decades, the 4. Integrated Multi-trophic Aquaculture https://link.springer.com/referenceworkentry/10.1007%2F978-1-4614-5797-8_173 integration of aquaculture with V. CRESPI ©FAO/ Women visiting an aquaculture facility in the District of Ouargla, Algeria

FAO AQUACULTURE NEWSLETTER No. 59 ■ OCTOBER 2018 iii CONTENTS

■ Editorial Oportunities for Aquaculture Development in Drylands ii

GLOBAL AQUACULTURE UPDATES 6

■ From the Statistician’s Desk

Overview of Recently Published MASSA ©FAO/F. Global Aquaculture Statistics 6 Aquaculture cages in Samsun, Turkey

■ From the Fish Health Specialist’s Desk AQUACULTURE UPDATES ■ Europe FAO Continues Efforts to Build Capacity BY REGION 15 Technical Training on Turbot Farming in Dealing with Tilapia Lake Virus 8 and Restocking in Trabzon, Turkey 21 ■ Asia-Pacific ■ Meetings/events The Pacifc Micronesian Association for Regional Workshop on Market Access Thirty-third Session of the FAO Sustainable Aquaculture: Aquaculture and Fish Trade for Central and Committee on Fisheries (COFI 33) 10 Business Investment Planning and Eastern Europe 22 Development 15 Meeting between the Aquaculture EU funded project: Ecosystem Branch Staff and the FAO The Seventh Regional Consultation Approach to Making Space for Decentralized Officers 11 Forum Meeting of the Asia-Pacific Aquaculture 24 Fishery Commission 17 Advancing Integrated Agriculture- Mass Media Communication and Aquaculture through Agroecology 12 The Development of Small-Scale Trout its Impact on Market Behaviour in Farming in Kyrgyzstan 18 Mediterranean Aquaculture 26 FAO Presence at AQUA 2018 Conference in Montpellier 13 The 35th Session of Asia-Pacifc Fishery ■ Near East and North Africa Commission (APFIC) 20 Rice-fish Farming in Iran: History and Symposium on Lessons from Two Development 28 High CO Worlds - Future Oceans and 2 Intensive Aquaculture 14 Eighth Meeting of RECOFI Working Group on Aquaculture 31

Assessment of Aquaculture Value Chain in Lebanon 32

■ Latin America and the Caribbean Introducing Aquaculture Demonstration Farms: Strengthening Capacities of Small-Scale Farmers in Latin America Countries 35

■ Sub-Saharan Africa FAO Promotes Intensive Trainings on Doing Aquaculture as Business 37

Promoting a Common Vision for the Sustainable Development of Aquaculture in Inhambane Province,

©FAO/V. CRESPI ©FAO/V. Mozambique 39 Farmed Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) in Oman

iv FAO AQUACULTURE NEWSLETTER No. 59 ■ OCTOBER 2018 CONTENTS ©FAO/V. CRESPI ©FAO/V. Fish market in Kuwait City, Kuwait

Seventh Annual Meeting of the Aquaculture Network for Africa 40 NEW STAFF PROFILES 57

Development of Mariculture in Zanzibar, Tanzania 41 NEW PUBLICATIONS 59

New Project in Support of the SADC Fisheries and Aquaculture CALENDAR OF EVENTS 65 Programme 43

THEMATIC ARTICLES 44

World Aquaculture - The Next 20 Years 44

Preparation of the State of the World Report on Aquatic Genetic Resources 46

Lesson to be learned from Aquaculture Development in China: Human resources, Technology innovation, Extension and Governance 49

MISCELLANEOUS 52

Conservation and Management of Aquatic Genetic Resources: Technical Exchange Visits between Zambia and Hungary 52

Approaching Fifty Years of the Aquatic Sciences and Fisheries Abstracts (ASFA) 54

Aquaculture Production and Marketing in the Roman Empire 55

©FAO/J.C. MACIAS ©FAO/J.C. Fish ponds in the Bay of Cadiz, Spain

FAO AQUACULTURE NEWSLETTER No. 59 ■ OCTOBER 2018 v GLOBAL AQUACULTURE UPDATES M. HASAN M. ©FAO/ GLOBAL AQUACULTURE UPDATES • GLOBAL AQUACULTURE UPDATES • GLOBAL AQUACULTURE UPDATES

Overview of Recently Published Global Aquaculture Statistics

lobal aquaculture production other aquatic animals (USD 6.8 points to 30.5 percent. Since 2000, G(including aquatic plants) in billion) such as turtles, sea world aquaculture no longer enjoys 2016 was 110.2 million tonnes, cucumbers, sea urchins, frogs and the high annual growth rates of with the first-sale value estimated edible jellyfish. Farmed aquatic the 1980s and 1990s (10.8 and at USD 243.5 billion. The first- plants included mostly seaweeds 9.5 percent, respectively) (Figure 2). sale value, re-estimated with and a much smaller production Nevertheless, aquaculture newly available information for volume of microalgae. The non- continues to grow faster than some major producing countries, food products included only other major food production is considerably higher than ornamental shells and pearls. As sectors. Annual growth declined previous estimates. In general, of 2016, global production has to a moderate 5.8 percent during FAO’s data for aquaculture been recorded for a total of 598 the period 2001-2016, although production volume are more “species items” ever farmed in the double-digit growth still occurred accurate and reliable than those world. The share of unfed species in a small number of individual for value. The total production in total aquatic animal production countries, particularly in Africa included 80.0 million tonnes of decreased gradually from 2000 to from 2006 to 2010. China, by food fish (USD 231.6 billion) and 2016, shrinking by 10 percentage far the major producer of farmed 30.1 million tonnes of aquatic plants (USD 11.7 billion) (Figure 1) FIGURE 1 WORLD AQUACULTURE PRODUCTION OF FOOD FISH AND AQUATIC PLANTS, as well as 37 900 tonnes of non- 1990–2016 food products (USD 214.6 million). Farmed food fish production 100 included 54.1 million tonnes 80 of finfish (USD 138.5 billion), 60

17.1 million tonnes of molluscs 40

(USD 29.2 billion), 7.9 million 20 MILLION TONNES

tonnes of crustaceans (USD 57.1 0 billion) and 938 500 tonnes of 20

40 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010 2015

Other animal species (all aquaculture) Molluscs (all aquaculture) Aquatic plants (all aquaculture) Extracted from the FAO State of Crustaceans (inland aquaculture) Finfish (marine and coastal aquaculture) World Fisheries and Aquaculture 2018 Crustaceans (marine and coastal aquaculture) Finfish (inland aquaculture)

6 FAO AQUACULTURE NEWSLETTER No. 59 ■ OCTOBER 2018 FIGURE 2 AVERAGE ANNUAL GROWTH RATE OF AQUACULTURE PRODUCTION BY VOLUME and trends. FAO received just (excluding aquatic plants) below 120 national data reports

16 for the 2016 reference year,

14 representing 84.3 percent (67.5

12 million tonnes, excluding aquatic

10 plants) of total food fish production

8 by volume; however, if China is

6 excluded the percentage is much PERCENTAGE

4 lower. FAO estimates for the non- FROM THE STATISTICIAN’S DESK

2 reporting countries account for

0 15.1 percent (12.1 million tonnes) Asia, excluding China China Africa Americas Europe Oceania World, excluding China World of the total production. The 2001–2016 (16 years) 2001–2005 (5 years) 2006–2010 (5 years) 2011–2016 (6 years) remaining data are official statistics collected on an ad hoc basis from a food fish in 2016, has produced for less than half but over 30 few countries that did not respond more than the rest of the world percent of national total fish officially to FAO’s request for combined every year since 1991. production in another 22 countries national data. The other major producers in 2016 in 2016. Lack of reporting by about were India, Indonesia, Viet Nam, 35 to 40 percent of the producing Bangladesh, Egypt and Norway. countries, coupled by insufficient SEE ALSO China and Indonesia were by far quality and completeness in some FAO. 2018. The State of World the major producers of aquatic of the reported data, hinders FAO Fisheries and Aquaculture plants in 2016. World production from presenting a clearer and 2018 - Meeting the sustainable of farmed food fish relies more detailed picture of world development goals. Rome. increasingly on inland aquaculture, aquaculture development status www.fao.org/3/i9540en/I9540EN.pdf which was the source of 51.4 million tonnes of food fish, or 64.2 FIGURE 3 AQUACULTURE CONTRIBUTION TO TOTAL FISH PRODUCTION (excluding aquatic plants) percent of the world’s farmed food

fish production, as compared with WORLD AFRICA 100 50 10 20 57.9 percent in 2000. 90 45 9 18 80 40 8 16 70 35 7 14 The contribution of aquaculture to 60 30 6 12 50 25 5 10 40 20 4 8 PERCENTAGE the global production of capture PERCENTAGE 30 15 3 6 MILLION TONNES MILLION TONNES 20 10 2 4 fisheries and aquaculture combined 10 5 1 2 0 0 0 0 (excluding aquatic plants) has 1991 1996 2001 2006 2011 2016 1991 1996 2001 2006 2011 2016 risen continuously, reaching ASIA, EXCLUDING CHINA AMERICAS 40 45 46.8 percent in 2016, up from 35 18 35 40 30 16 30 35 25.7 percent in 2000. If China 14 30 25 25 12 25 is excluded, aquaculture’s share 20 10 20 20 15 8 15 15 reached 29.6 percent in 2016, 6 PERCENTAGE PERCENTAGE MILLION TONNES 10 MILLION TONNES 10 4 10 up from 12.7 percent in 2000. 5 2 5 5 0 0 0 0 At the regional level, aquaculture 1991 1996 2001 2006 2011 2016 1991 1996 2001 2006 2011 2016 accounted for 17 to 18 percent of EUROPE OCEANIA total fish production in Africa, the 20 20 1.6 16 18 18 1.4 14 16 16 1.2 12 Americas and Europe, followed 14 14 12 12 1.0 10 by 12.8 percent in Oceania. The 10 10 0.8 8 8 8 0.6 6 share of aquaculture in Asian 6 6 PERCENTAGE PERCENTAGE MILLION TONNES MILLION TONNES 0.4 4 4 4 fish production (excluding China) 2 2 0.2 2 0 0 0 0 increased to 40.6 percent in 2016, 1991 1996 2001 2006 2011 2016 1991 1996 2001 2006 2011 2016 up from 19.3 percent in 2000 WORLD, EXCLUDING CHINA CHINA (MAINLAND) 90 35 60 80 (Figure 3). In 2016, 37 countries 80 30 50 70 70 25 60 were producing more farmed than 60 40 50 20 50 30 40 wild-caught fish. These countries 40 15 30 PERCENTAGE 30 PERCENTAGE 20 MILLION TONNES MILLION TONNES 10 are in all regions except Oceania, 20 20 10 10 5 10 and collectively they account for 0 0 0 0 close to half of the world’s human 1991 1996 2001 2006 2011 2016 1991 1996 2001 2006 2011 2016 population. Aquaculture accounted Aquaculture Capture Aquaculture share (%)

FAO AQUACULTURE NEWSLETTER No. 59 ■ OCTOBER 2018 7 FAO Continues Efforts to Build Capacity in Dealing with Tilapia Lake Virus

ince the article on Tilapia Lake SVirus (TiLV) was released in the 57th (September 2017) issue of FAN, FAO had continued its efforts assisting FAO member states and other stakeholders in addressing the risk of TiLV. The geographical distribution of TiLV, reported through the World Organization for Animal Health (OIE) notification, grey and scientific literature reports as well as information from producer sectors showed that TiLV occurrence have now increased and expanded to tilapia producing regions (Asia, ©FAO Africa and Latin America); at Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) infected by TiLV least 14 countries were included in these reports. TiLV spread is RT-PCR and RT-qPCR, and in-situ Intensive 7-day training course likely a direct one through local hybridization are currently the on TiLV, 18-24 June 2018, and transboundary movement methods that can be used to Guangzhou, China of live fish. As live tilapia is a

FROM TH FISH HEALTH SPECIALIST’S DESK SPECIALIST’S HEALTH FISH TH FROM identify TiLV. The most common A collaborative capacity building widely traded commodity, there histopathological lesion found initiative between China’s is potential that TiLV may have in TiLV outbreaks is syncytial National Fisheries Extension spread significantly over the years hepatitis. Although the precise Center (NFTEC) and Sun Yat- since its first reported occurrence mechanism for transmission Sen University (SYSU) and FAO, in 2009. is unknown, nor is there was successfully concluded on An enveloped, negative-sense, information available on virus 24 June 2018. The course was single stranded RNA virus, stability free in the water or in opened by Dr Jianguo He (SYSU) TiLV appears to have a narrow contaminated fomites, horizontal and closed by Dr Feng Zang host specificity [e.g. farmed disease transmission is likely to be and Ms Qing Li (NFTEC). Some tilapia such as hybrid tilapia the main mode of disease spread. 29 participants representing (Oreochromis niloticus x O. aureus There is still lacking information competent authorities, academe hybrid), Nile tilapia, and red on the role played by the trade in and service providers from Brasil, tilapia (Oreochromis sp.)] and uncooked tilapia products, both China, Indonesia, Malaysia, reported as well from several wild in terms of the virus’ survival in Mozambique, Myanmar, Peru, tilapines. There are recent reports frozen/chilled tissue or in terms the Philippines, Sri Lanka and that other freshwater fish species of pathways by which these Viet Nam completed the intensive are susceptible. Histopathology, products could result in infection course. Under the technical of farmed or wild fish stocks. oversight of FAO (Dr Melba Reantaso), the course was FAO continues to provide delivered by Chinese (Dr Yang technical assistance to enhance Hong, Prof Anxing Li, Dr Hong the understanding about the Written by: Liu and Prof JunHong Xia) and disease and find mitigation and FAO experts (Dr Kathy F.J. Tang, Melba G. Bondad-Reantaso management measures to reduce USA; Dr Win Surachetpong, FAO Fisheries and Aquaculture the risk of further spread. Some Department, Rome, Italy Thailand; Dr Ha Thanh Dong, of these efforts are described E-mail: [email protected] Viet Nam; Dr Mona D. Jansen, below.

8 FAO AQUACULTURE NEWSLETTER No. 59 ■ OCTOBER 2018 Norway). The course consisted security or food safety (FAO- countries and experts. The of seven sessions that included GLEWS Rapid Risk Assessment expected project outcomes FROM THE FISH HEALTH SPECIALIST’S DESK 22 expert presentations, field Guidelines, in process), and are: (i) effective biosecurity visit, laboratory activities and draws on previous FAO rapid governance through well-planned several interactive working risk analyses on Rift valley fever TiLV national action plans to group exercises. The participants virus1 and the Highly pathogenic reduce the negative impacts of acquired the currently available avian influenza virus2. The the disease; and (ii) information technical information on the method used the following steps: and knowledge on good and biology, pathology, diagnostics, (i) reviewed the risk assessment effective aquaculture biosecurity surveillance and economics, farm (RA) done for livestock diseases and Aquatic Animal Health (AAH) level management of TiLV and as reference for developing the management practices are shared emergency preparedness. These RA for TiLV; (ii) prepared TiLV among the participating African learnings reinforced their capacity risk profile based on available countries. Another pipeline project in preparing a preliminary action information; (iii) developed the under FAO’s technical cooperaton plan on TiLV. All materials used RA questionairres; (iv) assembled programme (i.e. interregional during the course can be found in a list of experts and made a call TCP) is being developed and will this link: www.fao.org/fishery/ for participation; (v) collated and focus on selected countries in Asia nems/41072 analysed the expert responses and Latin America with similar to the questionnaires; (vi) results objectives as that of the ASTF TiLV Expert Knowledge reviewed by an FAO team prior funded project. An International Elicitation (EKE) Risk to sending back to experts for Technical Seminar on TiLV is being Assessment final assessment. The report of planned for 2020; this will provide This risk assessment (RA) initiative the assessment will be released a forum for participating countries had the following objectives: before end of the year. of these two projects and other (i) to determine the extent of stakeholders doing work on biosecurity risks associated with Ongoing and pipeline technical TiLV to present their findings the spread of TiLV into TiLV free cooperation projects on TiLV and exchange information and zones/countries and spread within The African Solidarity Trust Fund experiences to better understand countries where the disease is (ASTF) is funding the project TiLV as basis for finding solutions. already established; and (ii) to titled: "Enhancing capacity/risk identify biosecurity measurers reduction of emerging TiLV to Note to manage these risks. The RA African tilapia aquaculture". Six It is paramount for tilapia was intended to serve as a guide countries (e.g, Angola, Egypt, producing countries to to assist countries in setting risk Ghana, Kenya, Nigeria and assess risks, undertake management policies that address Uganda) are participating. The surveillance to determine concerns about the potential objectives of this project are national TiLV health status, spread of TiLV. The scope of to: (i) strengthen aquaculture investigate unexplained this assessment was restricted biosecurity governance and tilapia mortalities and to an estimation of the risks knowledge and capacities on introduce risk management associated with the intra-national TiLV pathology, diagnostics, measures where deemed or international movement of surveillance, emergency necessary. The status of TiLV live fish, or the trade in raw preparedness, contingency plans in a country can be politically chilled or frozen whole fish and adoption of farm-level TiLV sensitive due to the range of or fish products. The method biosecurity and tilapia good potential implications. It is used was a standardised EKE farming practices through a thus essential that competent methodology developed by FAO’s National Action Plan on TiLV; authorities are immediately Global Early Warning System and (ii) exchange knowledge and informed of any observation (GLEWS) to improve the capacity establish networking support (field or research) before to identify, assess and respond to to aquaculture biosecurity and such findings are made animal health events that could Aquatic Animal Health (AAH) publicly available. affect livestock, wildlife, food management among participating

1 Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO). 2017a. Rift Valley Fever in Niger: Risk assessment. FAO Animal Health Risk Analysis – Assessment, Issue No. 1. Rome, FAO. www.fao.org/3/a-i7055e.pdf 2 Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO). 2017b. H5N8 HPAI in Uganda. Further Spread in Uganda and Neighbouring Countries (February 2017). FAO Animal Health Risk Analysis - Assessment, Issue No. 2. Rome, FAO. www.fao.org/3/a-i7105e.pdf

FAO AQUACULTURE NEWSLETTER No. 59 ■ OCTOBER 2018 9 Thirty-third Session of the FAO Committee on Fisheries (COFI 33)

he Committee on Fisheries (COFI), a subsidiary body of aquatic genetic Tof the Food and Agriculture Organization of the UN resources relevant to (FAO) Council, was established by the FAO Conference aquaculture. at its Thirteenth Session in 1965. The Committee is – Continue work a global inter-governmental forum where major with the World international fisheries and aquaculture problems and Organisation for issues are examined and recommendations addressed Animal Health, noting to governments, regional fishery bodies, NGOs, the development fishworkers, FAO and the international community. of the progressive COFI has also been used as a forum to negotiate global management agreements and non-binding instruments. pathway towards The two main functions of COFI are to review the better biosecurity programmes of work of FAO in the field of fisheries and in aquaculture, and aquaculture and their implementation, and to conduct the need to build the periodic general reviews of fishery and aquaculture capacity of Members problems of an international character and appraise to better manage such problems and their possible solutions with a their biosecurity view to concerted action. The Committee also reviews issues. specific matters relating to fisheries and aquaculture – Increase attention referred to it by the Council or the Director-General of to aquaculture FAO, or placed by the Committee on its agenda at the production in inland areas, diversification of request of Members, or the UN General Assembly. aquaculture, protection of aquatic biodiversity The Committee on Fisheries (COFI) held its thirty-third and native species, selective breeding, as well as session in Rome from 9 to 13 July 2018. The session extension services to support inclusive strengthening was attended by 114 Members of the Committee, by of value chains. observers from eight other FAO Member Nations, the – Improve consumer perception of the aquaculture Holy See and Palestine, and one Associate Member of sector. FAO, by representatives from ten specialized agencies MEETINGS AND EVENTS AND MEETINGS and related organizations of the United Nations and by – Continue work on aquaculture development in Small observers from 44 intergovernmental, one Consultative Island developing States. Group on International Agricultural Research (CGIAR) – Strengthen the capacity of small-scale producers to and 33 international non-governmental organizations. attain certifications to secure and improve market The Committee adopted the Agenda and Timetable for access. the session with the addition of two items: (1) Report – Hold a global conference on aquaculture in 2020, from the Republic of Korea on the progress of the pilot and collaborate with preparations, building upon the programme for the World Fisheries University; and (2) A successful experiences of similar conferences in 2000 proposal for the establishment of a new sub-committee and 2010. on fisheries management. The Agenda and the list of – Support the transfer of the Aquaculture Network for documents which were placed before the Committee Africa initiative to the African Union Inter-African are available in this link: Bureau for Animal Resources and continue to support www.fao.org/about/meetings/cofi the network. Specific actions to be taken by FAO to follow up on the The tenth session of the Sub-Committee on decisions and recommendations by COFI 33 that are Aquaculture will take place in Norway in 2019. specific to the Ninth Session of the COFI Sub-Committee on Aquaculture, Rome, 24-27 October 2017 include: – Support for the Blue Growth Initiative, as a strategy SEE ALSO for the sustainable development of fisheries and SOFIA 2018 digital report: aquaculture, and recognition of the Common Vision www.fao.org/state-of-fisheries-aquaculture for Food and Agriculture as a useful framework to support the sustainable growth of aquaculture. – Develop sustainable aquaculture guidelines to Written by: provide guidance to the sector. José Aguilar-Manjarrez – Finalize and distribute The State of the World’s FAO Fisheries and Aquaculture Department, Aquatic Genetic Resources for Food and Agriculture. Rome, Italy – Develop a global information system, including a E-mail: [email protected] registry of species, to monitor and assess the status

10 FAO AQUACULTURE NEWSLETTER No. 59 ■ OCTOBER 2018 Meeting between the Aquaculture Branch Staff and the FAO Decentralized Officers MEETINGS AND EVENTS @FAO Group photo of the Aquaculture Branch staff and the FAO decentralized staff

he Committee on Fisheries (COFI) met in July well as three recently recruited Senior Aquaculture T2018 at FAO Headquarters (HQ) in Rome, Officers to staff from the regions (see FAN 58, Italy. COFI is a major global intergovernmental April 2018). He provided his vision for future event and presents a great opportunity for FAO aquaculture growth and his expectations for strong staff and delegates to meet with many of the collaboration and partnership. For the short and global leaders in fisheries and aquaculture. It is medium term, Matthias stressed the need for a also a good and unique occasion to get together concerted push for collaboration with a broad among FAO HQ and FAO’s decentralized staff range of partners through the Global Aquaculture based in regional and sub-regional FAO offices Advancement Partnership Programme and the to exchange latest news and developments strengthening of aquaculture in our work with FAO and planning our joint contribution to future members including an enhanced use of the results aquaculture development. This year, Matthias of the Code of Conduct for Responsible Fisheries Halwart the newly appointed Acting Head of (CCRF) reporting for the development of guidance the Aquaculture Branch, introduced himself as on sustainable aquaculture growth. He emphasized major milestones coming up soon such as the global report on The State of the World’s Aquatic Genetic Resources for Food and Agriculture. Decentralized officers appreciated shared updates on aquaculture Written by: development in their respective regions. Our next Valerio Crespi meeting is planned at the margins of the 10th FAO Fisheries and Aquaculture Department, Rome, Italy Session of the COFI Sub-Committee on Aquaculture E-mail: [email protected] scheduled to be held in Trondheim Norway from 22 to 26 August 2019.

FAO AQUACULTURE NEWSLETTER No. 59 ■ OCTOBER 2018 11 Advancing Integrated Agriculture-Aquaculture through Agroecology

uring the recent World DAquaculture Society - European Aquaculture Society’s AQUA 2018 International Conference in Montpellier, France (25-29 August 2018), FAO convened a special session on agroecology and its relevance to Integrated Agriculture- Aquaculture (IAA), with support from Cirad (Centre de

Coopération Internationale en HALWART @FAO/M. Recherche Agronomique pour Árni Mathiesen (Assistant Director General of FAO Fisheries and Aquaculture Department) and Elisabeth Claverie de Saint Martin (Director General of le Développement) and NACA CIRAD) during the opening of the workshop (Network of Aquaculture Centres of Asia-Pacific). Agroecology is a new approach Africa, Europe and Latin America Whereas traditional aquaculture, based on ecological concepts that provided expert reviews and case as practised for thousands of aims at optimizing interactions studies covering a wide spectrum years in Asia, has always been between plants, animals, humans of agroecological aquaculture as it perfectly integrated into its and the environment while taking is currently practised throughout natural, agricultural and human into consideration ecosystem the world. services and the social aspects environment, new approaches The workshop was the first

MEETINGS AND EVENTS AND MEETINGS that need to be addressed for a are currently emerging with gathering of so many participants sustainable and fair food system. the objective of furthering and for discussions related to IAA It is characterized by 10 principles sustaining the sector growth. and agroecology. With over developed by FAO in line with its Examples include aquaponics 100 external persons registered, Common Vision for Sustainable (combining aquaculture and it also created a large interest Food and Agriculture and as in hydroponics), integrated multi- among the participants of the other fields of agriculture, it is one trophic aquaculture (combining International conference. The next of the most promising avenues polluting species with extractive step will consist of publishing the for inventing a new resilient and species and crops such as filter- proceedings and conclusions of sustainable aquaculture, but also feeding molluscs or macroalgae), the workshop. insect farms to feed fish, or the for helping the sector to adapt to use of lumpfish (Cyclopterus climate change. SEE ALSO lumpus) to control sea lice in The special session took place salmon. on Saturday 25th August, where Agroecology Knowledge Hub: 25 guest speakers from Asia, www.fao.org/agroecology

Written by:

Lionel Dabbadie E-mail: [email protected] Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement, Montpellier, France Matthias Halwart FAO Fisheries and Aquaculture Department, Rome, Italy E-mail: [email protected] HALWART @FAO/M. Rice-fish farming in Madagascar

12 FAO AQUACULTURE NEWSLETTER No. 59 ■ OCTOBER 2018 FAO Presence at AQUA 2018 Conference in Montpellier

he AQUA 2018 conference (www.was. Torg/meetings) was organized by the World Aquaculture Society (WAS) and the European Aquaculture Society (EAS) and it was held in the city of Montpellier from 25 to 29 August 2018. The event brought together more than 3 000 participants from over 100 countries and more than 200 exhibitors representing stakeholders from every segment of the global aquaculture production and marketing chain, and included academics, students, representatives from every ancillary industry, MEETINGS AND EVENTS and others. FAOs tasks were to give one keynote presentation on “FAO Update on the Status of World Aquaculture 2018”, chair four sessions, and deliver six thematic ©FAO presentations. FAO staff members attending the AQUA conference Sessions chaired by FAO – Reinforced promotion and dissemination of FAOs 1. FAO-CIRAD-NACA Special Session on Advancing aquaculture activities and publications. Integrated Agriculture Aquaculture through – Deepened collaboration between FAO and Agroecology. CIRAD (The French agricultural research and 2. Biodiversity, Conservation and Alien Species. international cooperation organization working 3. Biosecurity and Antimicrobial Resistance. for the sustainable development of tropical and 4. Marine Spatial Planning (zoning, site selection, Mediterranean regions). area management, and spatial technologies). – Interest from NOAA in further dialogue on Ocean aquaculture and Marine Spatial Planning. Presentations delivered by FAO – Confirmed interest to work with the European 1. FAO perspectives at the EU Session on Food and Union from across their various directorates, and to Value Creation from the Atlantic Ocean. engage in a dialogue on supporting the FAO Sub- 2. The State of the World’s Aquatic Genetic Committee on Aquaculture intersessional periods Resources. and specifically the Sustainable Aquaculture 3. The Aquaculture Biosecurity Progressive Guidelines (SAG) process. Management Pathway. – Confirmed interest from China/Shanghai Ocean 4. Spatial technologies for disaster risk management University and Tianjin University to collaborate in aquaculture. with the FAO Aquaculture Branch on integrated 5. An overview on aquaculture in desert and arid agriculture-aquaculture. lands. – Proposal received from Stirling University for FAO 6. Efficient use of resources for the successful to become a project partner. development of aquaculture the desert and arid – Innovative ideas on Millennium +20 Conference lands. framed. Additionally, FAO managed an exhibition booth at the Corum Congress Centre to disseminate FAO’s information products and to provide a live PC demonstration on FAOs World Aquaculture Performance Indicators tools (WAPI). Among the key achievements/agreements derived from FAOs attendance at the conference are inter alia: – Strengthened ties with World Aquaculture Society and European Aquaculture Society including through regular keynote openings by FAO.

Written by:

José Aguilar-Manjarrez ©FAO FAO Fisheries and Aquaculture Department, Rome, Italy FAO stand at the Aqua 2018 Conference E-mail: [email protected] ©FAO/A. NESAR

FAO AQUACULTURE NEWSLETTER No. 59 ■ OCTOBER 2018 13 Symposium on Lessons from Two High CO Worlds - Future 2 Oceans and Intensive Aquaculture

rom the 10th to 12th of April, the Fsymposium “Lessons from Two High CO Worlds: Future Ocean and Intensive 2 Aquaculture” was held in São Miguel in the Azores, Portugal, organized by Dr Robert Ellis and Professor Rod Wilson from the University of Exeter, as well as co-organizers from Chile, Canada and Norway. Supported by the Society of Experimental Biology (SEB), in association with the FRCT (Azores Government), the meeting aimed to bring further awareness to the shared issue of elevated CO , faced increasingly by the world’s 2 oceans and across (intensive) aquaculture @FAO/HAMMI production. Exponentially rising CO 2 Hand feeding gilthead seabream (Sparus aurata) in a floating cage in (currently ~400 μatm) is driving climate Porto Farina, Tunisia change, and causing acidification of both marine and freshwater environments. latest research also highlights the important role Physiologists have long known that CO directly elevated CO may play in impacting aquaculture 2 2 affects acid-base and ion regulation, respiratory productivity, even at relatively ‘low’ levels considered function, and aerobic performance. More recently, in an aquaculture context. Further knowledge on many studies have demonstrated that elevated CO impacts are thus a critical consideration for 2 CO projected for end of this century (e.g. 800-1 2 intensification of aquaculture production.

MEETINGS AND EVENTS AND MEETINGS 000 μatm) has dramatic effects on behaviors linked FAO participation at this conference provided an to sensory stimuli (smell, hearing and vision), that opportunity to gain insight on present and future have negative implications for fitness and survival scientific research being conducted on the issue of across aquatic environments. Nonetheless, some elevated CO , across climate change and aquaculture sectors of the aquaculture industry were farming 2 fields. It was also an opportunity to present the FAO aquatic animals at extremely high CO levels (>10 000 2 aquaculture perspective towards the sustainable μatm) long before the term “ocean acidification” growth of the sector, and to engage and find was coined, and continue to do so with limited common issues that can be worked within FAO goals detrimental effects reported. It is therefore vital to for a sustainable growth in aquaculture in the face understand the mechanisms behind this apparent of a changing climate. variability in resilience to high CO across settings, 2 and the striking disparity in the perception of this global stressor across two critically important research fields. The symposium highlighted many SEE ALSO valuable insights that the two communities can Lessons from two high CO worlds - future oceans and offer one another across marine and freshwater 2 intensive aquaculture. www.sebiology.org/events/ settings, and the shared learning that greater event/lessons-from-two-high-co2-worlds cross-disciplinary collaboration can afford. The Ellis, R.P., Urbina, M.A. & Wilson, R.W. Lessons from two high CO worlds - Future oceans and intensive 2 aquaculture. Global Change Biology (2017). DOI: Written by: 10.1111/gcb.13515 Barange, M., Bahri, T., Beveridge, M.C.M., Rodrigo Roubach Cochrane, K.L., Funge-Smith, S. & Poulain, F., eds. FAO Fisheries and Aquaculture Department, Rome, Italy 2018. Impacts of climate change on fisheries and E-mail: [email protected] aquaculture: synthesis of current knowledge, Robert Ellis adaptation and mitigation options. FAO Fisheries and Aquaculture Technical Paper No. 627. Rome, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK FAO. 628 pp. www.fao.org/3/I9705EN/i9705en.pdf E-mail: [email protected]

14 FAO AQUACULTURE NEWSLETTER No. 59 ■ OCTOBER 2018 AQUACULTURE UPDATES BY REGION ©FAO AQUACULTURE UPDATES BY REGION • AQUACULTURE UPDATES BY REGION • AQUACULTURE UPDATES BY REGION

The Pacific Micronesian Association for Sustainable Aquaculture: Aquaculture Business Investment Planning and Development

his article provides an update Ton two similar projects that have been launched to assist Micronesian countries further develop and sustain aquaculture activities, through an improved aquaculture business and investment planning approach. In particular, the first project is titled “Aquaculture business investment planning and development to

increase resilience and improve @FAOSAP food security” for members of MASA group farm visit the Micronesian Association for Sustainable Aquaculture (MASA) Two main activities have been The projects were developed Network. The second is titled “In- recently completed under both for MASA countries (Republic depth aquaculture risk assessment projects: of Palau, Republic of Nauru, and business investment – A regional inception workshop Republic of the Marshall Islands, planning” for Kiribati. for both projects (Koror, Palau and the Federated States of 13-14 August, 2018) for MASA Micronesia) and Kiribati. They aim countries and Kiribati. to improve the technical capacity – Palau national aquaculture of these countries in increasing Written by: stakeholder consultations (15- and sustaining aquaculture Mele Ikatonga Tauati 17 August, 2018) included both productivity, through an improved FAO Sub-regional Office for the formal and informal meetings, aquaculture business and Pacific Islands, Samoa as well as visits to aquaculture investment planning approach. E-mail: [email protected] facilities in Palau. This will be achieved by developing

FAO AQUACULTURE NEWSLETTER No. 59 ■ OCTOBER 2018 15 MEETINGSASIA AND AND THE EVENTS PACIFIC 16 FAO AQUACULTURE NEWSLETTER No.59 Stakeholder Consultations The PalauNationalAquaculture – – – – – and highlightedbelow: consultations havebeenidentified aquaculture stakeholder hold theirrespective national Dates forwhencountrieswill consultant. with theinternational will beleadingtheseconsultations of 2018.ThePacificCommunity for eachcountry, before theend develop thenationalstrategies data andinformationrequired to consultations andcollectrelevant national aquaculture stakeholder workshop agreed toimplement in thecomingmonths.The activities tobeimplemented agreed toascheduleofupcoming discussed project activitiesand key project players,theworkshop Development Specialist).Amongst Consultant (Aquaculture Business together withanInternational the fivecountriesinvolved, Consultants from eachof and NationalAquaculture National Project Coordinators Present attheworkshopwere a LetterofAgreement (LoA). implement theprojects under who istheServiceProvider to the PacificCommunity(SPC), and facilitatedbyFAO and Workshop inKoror wasled The RegionalProject Inception donors and investors. engage support from potential presented at a regional forum to The regional strategy will then be strategy at the end of the projects. aquaculture business development the development of a regional country, which will go towards development strategies for each national aquaculture business

Kiribati: 26-29November, 2018. 6-8 November, 2018. Federated StatesofMicronesia: 2018. Marshall Islands:29-31October, Nauru: 22-25October, 2018. Palau: duringthismission. government government farm, limited aquaculture to establishandmanagean streamlined processes required the lackofalegalframeworkand Palau foraquaculture included challenges currently facedin operations. Someofthekey that affect localaquaculture agencies withrelevant mandates operators, aswellgovernment currently facedbyaquaculture gather anupdateofpriorityissues were shared bystakeholdersto challenges andopportunities, Farming experiences,both as environmental sustainability. livelihood development,aswell food security, economicand in Palauanditscontributionto develop andsustainaquaculture strategy thatwillhelpfurther envisioned anationalaquaculture consultations thatstakeholders It wasgathered from these clams, reef fishandlivecorals. speciessuchasgiant ornamental mudcrab ( chanos culturing milkfish( were alsomadetoseveral farms operators orfarmers.Sitevisits organizations andaquaculture relevant agencies, government Key stakeholdersincluded Development Strategy. National Aquaculture Business will helpdevelopthePalau gather theirfeedbackthat stakeholders inPalauto invited variouskeyaquaculture MASA Network Meeting ofthe in Koror, aSpecial countries present Micronesian With poaching. issues aswell costs, market high operation support farmers, resources to ), rabbitfish( Scylla serrata ■ OCTOBER Chanos Siganus Culture of ) and spp.), 2018 Acropora corals intheSolomon islands – next stepsagreed toinPalau are: when theprojects end.Immediate activities through toAugust2019, implementation oftheproject agency, SPCwillcontinuetolead As theleadimplementing help movetheNetworkforward. outstanding mattersrequired to on theneedtofinalizecertain and expressed apositivedrive discussed progress oftheirwork to attend.Membersbroadly FAO andSPCwere alsoinvited 14th August,2018,where and Kiribatiwasalsoheldon FAN editions. and MASANetworkinthe on theprogress oftheprojects Further updateswillbeprovided –

consultations tohelpSPCand and informationbefore the start collectingrelevant data Countries havetoimmediately before theendof2018. the remaining fourcountries stakeholder consultationsfor Conduct aquaculture review before itisfinalized. stakeholders in-countryfortheir be latershared withrelevant for Palauwillbedeveloped,to Business DevelopmentStrategy Palau, aNationalAquaculture information collectedfrom Based onconsultationsand visits. prepare fortheirnextcountry Consultant the International coming

@FAOSAP The Seventh Regional Consultation Forum Meeting of the Asia-Pacific Fishery Commission

he Seventh Regional TConsultative Forum Meeting (RCFM) of the Asia-Pacific Fishery Commission (APFIC) was held from 7 to 9 May 2018 in Cebu, the Philippines. The meeting was attended by 79 delegates representing

16 APFIC member PHILIPPINES THE ©BFAR, ASIA AND THE PACIFIC THE AND ASIA governments and nine Participants at the 7th Regional Consultative Forum Meeting regional and international organizations and civil society organizations. The RCFM meeting held four fisheries and aquaculture parallel sessions, which covered a On behalf of Ms Kundhavi Kadiresan, FAO Assistant number of thematic issues pertaining to sustainable Director General and Regional Representative development aquaculture sector, which included: of Asia and the Pacific, Mr Jose Luis Fernandez, – Strengthen aquaculture planning and FAO Representative in the Philippines welcomed management through adoption of relevant the meeting participants. He highlighted the strategies. importance of “Sustainable Development for – Strengthen aquaculture regulation, EAA and zonal Resilient Blue Growth of Fisheries and Aquaculture” development. in contributing to achievement of SDGs. Mr Eduardo – Promote climate resilient/smart aquaculture and Gongona, Undersecretary for Fisheries, Department innovative aquaculture systems/practices for more of Agriculture, Bureau of Fisheries and Aquatic sustainable and efficient production. Resources, the Philippines formally opened the – Aquaculture insurance for resilience of small farm meeting. He informed the meeting the recent holders. progress made by the Philippines in improving – Risk of Antimicrobial resistance in aquaculture and fisheries management and support the sustainable required coping strategy and actions. development of aquaculture in the country and – Promote responsible production and use of feed anticipate the outcome of the meeting would and ingredients for sustainable aquaculture benefit contribute to the resilience of fisheries and growth. sustainable growth of blue economy in the region. – Enhance woman’s role and benefit sharing along Representing the FAO Fisheries and Aquaculture the aquaculture value chain. Department, Ms Vera Agostini, Deputy Director, Representatives from the countries and regional, FAO Fisheries and Aquaculture Division delivered a international and civil society organizations made keynote presentation on “Promoting resilient Blue over 30 presentations sharing the perspectives, Growth in marine and inland capture fisheries”. successes and lessons of individual country in She provided a global perspective on the growing addressing the issues. Four working group sessions food demand due to population growth and were convened to draw recommendations on the worrisome trends in undernourished, and strategy and actions for effectively addressing the introduced the blue growth approach and how it issues at country and regional levels. The full report can contribute to meeting increasing demand for on the RCFM is being finalized and will be made food fish and overall socioeconomic development in available soon in the FAO Web site. the global and Asia-Pacific context. The Secretariat presented the regional overview on status and trend of fisheries and aquaculture in Asia-Pacific region, which covered recent trend of capture fisheries and Written by: aquaculture production by species group and sub- region and overall trade perspective. The regional Weimin Miao overview also included analyses on priority issues FAO Regional Office for Asia and the Pacific, related to resilience of fisheries and aquaculture Bangkok, Thailand sector in the region. E-mail: [email protected]

FAO AQUACULTURE NEWSLETTER No. 59 ■ OCTOBER 2018 17 The Development of Small-Scale Trout Farming in Kyrgyzstan

ince 2009, and in collaboration Swith the Food and Agriculture Organisation of the United Nations, the Ministry for Foreign Affairs, Government of Finland, has been supporting the innovation of the aquaculture and fisheries sectors in the Kyrgyz Republic through a Government Cooperation Programme (GCP) - “Towards Sustainable Aquaculture and Fisheries Development in the Kyrgyz Republic”. During the Soviet era, aquaculture production peaked at approximately

1 050 tonnes per annum, with @FAO/T. SHIPTON production primarily focusing Water inlet supply and hatchery building on extensive carp production The “Eldos Plus” Aquaculture approximately 60 percent of (common, grass and silver carps), Association at Ton, Issyk-Kul production costs in aquaculture, and the production of sevan province comprises 28 farmers. the development of cost-effective, trout (Salmo ischchan) and white To date, the project has assisted good quality locally manufactured fish (Coregonus spp.) to support the farmers to build a small feeds has proven instrumental in ASIAAND THE PACIFIC culture-based fisheries in the trout hatchery with a capacity to reducing production costs and country’s major lake and reservoir

MEETINGS AND EVENTS AND MEETINGS rear 120 000 fry per production maximizing economic returns to systems. Following the collapse of cycle, and a small feed mill with the farmers. To reduce feed costs the former Soviet Union in 1991, a maximum production capacity further, the farmers have started aquaculture production in the of 600 kg aquafeeds per hour. to plant barley, wheat and soya country declined rapidly, and by Currently the Association members crops, thereby producing some the start of the project support, have approximately 45 000 of the main feed ingredients it was less than 300 tonnes per rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus used in their feeds, and reducing annum. In order to reinvigorate mykiss) which are being grown- feed production costs further. In aquaculture production, the out under pond culture conditions. 2017, the Association harvested project has been supporting the The majority of the grow-out 47.3 tonnes of feed ingredients development of aquaculture production is based at the that will subsequently be used to associations and providing hatchery site with some farmers manufacture their feeds. More technical and material support to electing to grow fish in their recently the farmers have started emergent farmers. private farms. to diversify their feed production, and are now using the feed mill The farmers have been provided to manufacture terrestrial animal with technical training to feeds (principally cattle and Written by: operate the hatchery facilities poultry feeds) based on a business and formulate and manufacture Tom Shipton model that has been developed in their own feeds based on locally Chief Technical Advisor collaboration with the project. Bishkek, The Kyrgyz Republic available feed ingredients. In E-mail: [email protected] this regard, they have developed To date, the material support Junning Cai a grow-out feed that costs provided by the project has been FAO Fisheries and Aquaculture approximately half that of the approximately USD 40 000. In Department, Rome, Italy imported equivalents. With feed light of the successful transfer E-mail: [email protected] costs typically accounting for of technology and proof of

18 FAO AQUACULTURE NEWSLETTER No. 59 ■ OCTOBER 2018 with the funds Providing on-going mentorship being used to is important. Aquaculture is support future a complex farming activity developments at and inculcating novel culture the site. technologies to farmers that have no previous experience There are a number in fish culture takes time. The of key factors members often view the project’s that have been technical interventions as unduly instrumental in complex, and only when their the success of the own systems/interventions fail, do Association. At they agree adopt the proposed the outset, and technologies. Therefore, persistent in the interests capacity building through various

of promoting the PACIFIC THE AND ASIA mechanisms (including farmer field cohesion within schools) is vital to the sustainable @FAO/T. SHIPTON the Association, it development of small-scale trout Newly hatched rainbow trout fry has been critically farming or other aquaculture important to concept, the Association members operations in Kyrgyzstan. assist the community members have now invested a further to develop an equitable and fair USD 15 000 of their own money SEE ALSO Association charter in which into their production systems. the rights and responsibilities This money has been used to Shipton, T.A., Hasan M.R. 2016 - of the membership are clearly Installation of Feed Mills and construct four nurseries and five enunciated, and the sharing of Hatcheries and Initiation of grow-out ponds at the hatchery Carp Broodstock Programme in the proceeds are clearly defined site, and fund the importation of Kyrgyz Republic. FAO Aquaculture and agreed upon. Garnering Newsletter 55. September 2016. pp a further 100 000 trout eggs from the support of local government 22-23. www.fao.org/3/a-c0382e.pdf Denmark. The Association employs agencies and the provision of the FAO Cultured Aquatic Species one of the Association members Information Programme. land for the construction of the Oncorhynchus mykiss. Text by Cowx, to work at the hatchery and hatchery facilities on state land has I.G., 2005. www.fao.org/fishery/ fingerling production site on a culturedspecies/Oncorhynchus_ also proved important. full-time basis. Future plans mykiss include the development of fish processing capacity, and the development of the site as a recreational fishing/tourist destination. In addition to the technical training, the farmers have been provided with business planning and marketing training to ensure that they can operate the Association on a sustainable commercial basis and are equipped with the skills to market their products effectively. To promote commercial sustainability within the Association, the project supported the farmers in the development of a credible business plan. This is now being used to apply for a commercial loan of USD 5 000 from one of @FAO/T. SHIPTON the country’s agricultural banks, Feeding rainbow trout in the grow-out system

FAO AQUACULTURE NEWSLETTER No. 59 ■ OCTOBER 2018 19 The 35th Session of Asia-Pacific Fishery Commission (APFIC)

he 35th session was held Tfrom 11 to 13 May 2018 in Cebu, the Philippines. The session was attended by delegates from 14 Member countries of the Commission, observers from two non-APFIC FAO Member countries, nine partner Organizations and the APFIC Secretariat. The meeting opened with welcome remarks delivered ©BFAR, THE PHILIPPINES THE ©BFAR, by the designated APFIC Chair, th Participants at the 7 Regional Consultative Forum Meeting Wilfredo M. Cruz, Regional Director, Regional Office No. 3 should be the areas to be strength- of Feed and Feed Ingredients for of Bureau of Fisheries and Aquatic ened in the next biennium. Sustainable Growth of Aquaculture Resources (BFAR), the Philippines on in Asia-Pacific. The Secretariat introduced the behalf of Mr Eduardo B. Gongona, – Support for the implementation of report on the 76th Meeting of APFIC Undersecretary for the Department the IPOA-IUU in Member countries. Executive Committee (EXCO), of Agriculture and National Director – Resource mobilization to which was convened in Manila, the of BFAR, the Philippines and opening support sustainable fisheries and Philippines from 11 to 23 February remarks delivered by the Acting aquaculture in the APFIC region. 2017 and the major outcomes from Secretary of APFIC on behalf of the seventy RCFM of APFIC held The Commission commended the Kundhavi Kadiresan, FAO Assistant from 7 to 9 May 2018 in Cebu, the Secretariat and FAO for organizing Director-General and Regional Philippines. The Commission reviewed the important regional events and Representative for Asia and the and endorsed the report on the implementing the major regional

ASIAAND THE PACIFIC Pacific. 76th meeting of APFIC EXCO and initiative on blue growth to support The Secretariat of APFIC reported the recommendations from the 7th the sustainable and resilient fisheries MEETINGS AND EVENTS AND MEETINGS to the Commission on the activities APFIC RCFM with comments to major and aquaculture sector in the region. implemented since the thirty-fourth thematic issues that were covered by The Commission recommended Session, which covered regular pro- the RCFM. the Secretariat and FAO on gramme work and project activities how to effective implement the The Secretariat introduced the at regional and country levels. The recommendations from the regional Regional Review of Aquaculture Commission commended the Secre- consultations and the regional in the Asia-Pacific Region 2016 tariat on the wide range of activities initiative on blue growth. prepared by the Secretariat. The that had been undertaken in response Commission complimented the The Secretariat presented the draft to the recommendations of the thirty important workshop carried out by APFIC 2018-2023 strategic plan fourth Session, and expressed its ap- the Secretariat and suggested future prepared in response to the request preciation to FAO for the support to improvement in the methodology and by the 34th APFIC Session and APFIC Commission’s work and the member content of the review. work plan and budget for 2018 to countries. The Commission noted 2019. The Commission reviewed inland fisheries, safety at sea, decent The Secretariat introduced major and commented on the new APFIC work, South-South cooperation, APFIC/FAO regional event and strategy and endorsed the strategy ecosystem approaches to aquaculture initiatives to the Commission, which with suggested modifications. The and fishing capacity management included: Commission endorsed the APFIC – Implementation of FAO’s Regional work plan and budget for 2018 to Initiative on Blue Growth in the 2019 prepared by the Secretariat. Asia-Pacific Region. Written by: – Regional consultation on Building The Commission elected Thailand as Climate Resilient Fisheries and the Chair country and China as the Weimin Miao Aquaculture in the Asia-Pacific Vice Chair country of the Asia-Pacific FAO Regional Office for Asia and the Region. Fishery Commission for the biennium Pacific, Bangkok, Thailand – Regional consultation on Promoting from 13 May 2018 up to the 36th E-mail: [email protected] Responsible Production and Use APFIC Session in 2020.

20 FAO AQUACULTURE NEWSLETTER No. 59 ■ OCTOBER 2018 Technical Training on Turbot Farming and Restocking in Trabzon, Turkey

he General Fisheries Commission Trabzon focused on turbot Tfor the Mediterranean (GFCM) (Scophthalmus maximus), an of the Food and Agriculture important commercial species ©CENTRAL FISHERIES RESEARCH INSTITUTE - TRABZON (SUMAE) Organization of the United Nations for the Black Sea, and was Identification of sex in young turbot (FAO) organized on 14-23 May organized in May as it coincides 2018 a training on turbot farming with the breeding season of this Within the framework of the and restocking, in collaboration species. demonstrative activity, a technical with the Central Fisheries Research manual was produced in order to The theoretical part of the course Institute (CFRI) in Trabzon, Turkey. disseminate the training experience. was introduced by Mr Ilhan Aydin, This activity is the first of a series After this fruitful training experience, Director of the CFRI, and was of demonstrative trainings planned other trainings will take place in the followed by practical activities for the Black Sea region and was Black Sea region. The Aquaculture carried out in the laboratory of the attended by aquaculture experts Demonstrative Centre in Constanta, institute, at the hatchery and at sea, and technicians from Bulgaria, Romania, hosted by the National with the help of the local fishers Georgia, Romania, the Russian Institute for Marine Research and and fish farmers. Among the many Federation, Turkey and Ukraine. Development (NIMRD) “Grigore aspects tackled, course participants Antipa” will hold a training on EUROPE The purpose of these training learned how to manage a marine shellfish culture in September 2018 courses is to address the need hatchery, turbot larvae and juveniles and the CFRI in Trabzon will host to foster and enhance processes and were taught on the propagation another demonstrative training towards sound aquaculture of the organisms that are essential activity in December 2018, focusing development, by showcasing best to feed fish larvae during their early this time on the farming of Black practices in terms of production life stage, focusing on the diet to Sea trout (Salmo trutta labrax) in methods for marine species of meet their nutritional requirements. recirculation aquaculture systems economic and environmental Trainees also spent several hours on (RAS) and in sea cages. Other interest. These activities are a boat with researchers, discussing aquaculture experts at different organized within the framework criteria to collect the best possible levels from Mediterranean and Black of the Aquaculture Demonstrative fish in view of including it in the Sea riparian countries have already Centres that have been recently broodstock as well as techniques expressed their interest for such established by the GFCM in the and processess to handle these trainings. Black Sea as regional hubs fostering animals for reproduction. In aquaculture activities to ensure addition, they had the opportunity the sustainability of the sector. to be directly involved in restocking The training course organized in activities by tagging juveniles. SEE ALSO This was also an opportunity to GFCM website: www.fao.org/gfcm exchange experiences and views.

Written by: Fabrizio Caruso GFCM Intern E-mail: [email protected] Julia Pierraccini E-mail: [email protected] Dominique Bourdenet E-mail: [email protected] Fabio Massa E-mail: [email protected] General Fisheries Commission for ©CENTRAL FISHERIES RESEARCH INSTITUTE - TRABZON (SUMAE) ©CENTRAL FISHERIES RESEARCH INSTITUTE - the Mediterranean, Rome, Italy Release of tagged turbot fingerlings

FAO AQUACULTURE NEWSLETTER No. 59 ■ OCTOBER 2018 21 Regional Workshop on Market Access and Fish Trade for Central and Eastern Europe

he Fisheries and TAquaculture Department of FAO, jointly with the Regional Office for Europe and Central Asia (REU) and EUROFISH International Organization, held a workshop for countries in Central and Eastern Europe. The goal of the workshop was to build capacity in post-harvest topics of special interest

to countries in transition @EUROFISH but relatively advanced in Workshop participants, Belgrade, Serbia terms of processing sectors and exports to the developed Internationally, the regulatory and for the signatory countries, markets in Europe. Participants framework of the World Trade including EU Members, this is a included government officials Organization (WTO), with its binding international instrument and private sector stakeholders. EUROPE various agreements (e.g. Sanitary that blocks international trade of The workshop was held from and Phytosanitary Agreement, fish and seafood products that 19-21 June 2018 and hosted by Agreement on Technical Barriers to are not properly documented as the Ministry of Agriculture of the Trade, Anti-Dumping Agreement, legal catch. Voluntary seafood Republic of Serbia in Belgrade. Subsidies and Countervailing certification schemes have become There were 56 participants from 10 Measures, Dispute Settlement), routine tools for retailers and countries, namely: Albania, Belarus, has an important role in governing customers in Europe and eco- Bosnia and Herzegovina, Georgia, international fish trade to the main labelled products are making gains Montenegro, Republic of Moldova, importing markets of the European in international markets, currently The Former Yugoslav Republic of Union, North America and at 14 percent of global production. Macedonia, Serbia, Turkey and Japan. This includes fish exports These issues are complex and often Ukraine. originating from non-EU Members overlapping, making it difficult Capture fisheries and freshwater in Eastern Europe, the Balkans and for developing countries and aquaculture play an important role Caucasus. economies-in-transition to adapt in the economies of Central and their production, processing and In addition to the WTO Eastern European countries. Fish export sectors to the changing agreements, fish processors and processing for export represents a international market landscape. traders face increasingly complex significant source of hard currency value chains that include import There continues to be a need and earnings and employment. regulations and international demand for local and regional standards. For example, the capacity building on post-harvest FAO/WHO Codex Alimentarius issues pertaining to international is the guiding international and intra-regional trade of fish standard for food safety and and seafood products. This is Written by: quality assurance of fish products especially urgent for countries in Victoria Chomo as well as improved access to Central and Eastern Europe that FAO Regional Office for Europe and international markets. The FAO are in the process of joining the Central Asia, Budapest, Hungary Port State Measures Agreement European Union. In light of these E-mail: [email protected] entered into force in June 2016 expressed needs, expert speakers

22 FAO AQUACULTURE NEWSLETTER No. 59 ■ OCTOBER 2018 from FAO, EUROFISH, WTO, United to improve market access, fish the region (EU and non-EU Nations Conference on Trade trade and sustainable fisheries. members). and Development (UNCTAD), The recommendations for – Improve cooperation with European Commission (DG MARE), Governments and aquaculture regional fisheries bodies and and the Norwegian Ministry of stakeholders from the regional intergovernmental organizations. Trade, Industry and Fisheries workshop are: – Counteract IUU fishing through presented a broad range of topics – Improve domestic food safety better border controls. for discussion. Among these standards to access export – Develop catch documentation topics were: climate change and markets. schemes to prevent IUU fish implications for fish trade; fisheries – Countries should reform fisheries entering markets. and the WTO; the EU Common policies, legislation, and adopt – Improve research infrastructure Fisheries Policy; FAO FISHSTAT, National Plans of Action. for marine sciences. global trends and outlook model – Countries from the region should – Raise capacity of government projections; fish trade overview elaborate and approve national institutions in fisheries from Central and Eastern Europe; strategies for aquaculture management. food safety and quality assurance development. – Develop intergovernmental plans requirements for fish products; – Create wharves and first sale for shared water bodies and certification and traceability spots for fishers. aquatic resources. to combat IUU fishing; market – Non-EU countries should – Create marketing channels access and seafood trade from a exchange experiences and between fish producers and eco- Norwegian perspective; consumer good practices with European tourism. demand and perceptions for countries. – Improve utilization and freshwater aquaculture products; – Provide investment funds for: development of diversified

building green and blue national - Vessel repair and maintenance products and by products from EUROPE strategies for fisheries; fish value of fisheries infrastructure. aquaculture. chain gap analysis; and storage and - Replacement or refurbishment – Reduce waste and discards from transport requirements from farm of old fishing vessels. fisheries to meet international to market. - Establishment of wholesale fish standards. markets. Each of the country delegations Based on the feedback from the - Support to fish farmers and gave a presentation on its participants, the workshop was SME processors. fisheries sector, along with a rated as a very important and SWOT (Strengths, Weaknesses, – Support establishment of useful training event. On the Opportunities and Threats) producer organizations for fish last day, the Serbian Ministry of analysis. FAO prepared a farmers and small-scale fishers. Agriculture, Forestry and Water regional SWOT analysis from the – Support a promotional campaign Management organized a field visit country responses. During an for fish consumption. to a fish processing company in interactive group discussion, the – Improve standard methodologies Čačak. The owner of the company participants validated the regional for statistical data collection for (Principal Duo) gave a tour of SWOT analysis and provided fisheries. the facilities and a sample of the recommendations related to the – Improve scientific cooperation products were served for lunch. workshop topic, namely on ways among countries within © FAO Handling farmed common carps (Cyprinus carpio) produced in Belarus

FAO AQUACULTURE NEWSLETTER No. 59 ■ OCTOBER 2018 23 EU funded project: Ecosystem Approach to Making Space for Aquaculture

round the world a lack of Aavailability of aquaculture zones and sites with favourable characteristics constrains the expansion of the sector. There is a need for increased space, with locations selected in an organized manner and managed effectively. Aquaculture often struggles for space due to the crowded nature of human activities especially in many marine coastal areas, and because of limited attention to spatial planning. In the Mediterranean and COURTESY: THE JAMES HUTTON INSTITUTE THE JAMES HUTTON COURTESY: Black Sea area as in other regions, Figure 1 – View of a salmon cage in a virtual reality environment spatial planning for aquaculture (Video available at: www.youtube.com/watch?v=ho6A65PuUDM) needs to be expanded by using the ecosystem approach to aquaculture (2015–2018) project funded by tools for aquaculture development, as part of an overall aquaculture the European Union’s Horizon training and communication. 2020 Framework Programme for governance structure. Only a Policy and management Research and Innovation. It was few countries such as Norway, support led by the Scottish Association for management areas have been – A web-based questionnaire created in accordance with agreed Marine Science with an allocated EUROPE survey solicited the perceptions budget of €3 million. The project strategies, management practices of government institutions, attracted 22 partners and carried and codes of conduct to manage the aquaculture industry and out 15 case studies in Europe, production in order to reduce and research institutions about China, North America, Australia manage risks posed by disease current approaches to spatial and New Zealand. One case study and parasites, including cumulative planning for aquaculture involved the farming of freshwater environmental impacts and social in marine and freshwater fish in Hungary, the remainder conflict. environments in Europe dealt with the farming of marine and non-EU countries in the The Ecosystem Approach to finfish and shellfish. Making Space for Aquaculture Mediterranean and Black Sea (AquaSpace) was a three-year The purpose of the project region. was to critically examine how – A review analysis, based on to make space for sustainable information from the web-based aquaculture, with the goal of questionnaire survey generated Written by: improving food security and recommendations for policy- employment opportunities through making. José Aguilar-Manjarrez FAO Fisheries and Aquaculture economic growth. This was done – A review of the case studies at Department, Rome, Italy by identifying and attempting 17 sites synthesized stakeholder E-mail: [email protected] to overcome some of the key views on the policy and legal, Paul Tett constraints limiting the industry’s market, social and environmental Scottish Association for Marine Science development using an ecosystem challenges facing the aquaculture Scotland, the United Kingdom of approach to promote a sustainable sector at a variety of local, Great Britain and Northern Ireland increase in the production of national and regional scales, and E-mail: [email protected] aquaculture in the European Union in freshwaters as well as the sea. (EU). Fabio Massa Tools for aquaculture General Fisheries Commission for the Mediterranean, Rome, Italy The key outputs of the project development E-mail: [email protected] fall into four categories, namely – A “toolbox” was created policy and management support, to provide information

24 FAO AQUACULTURE NEWSLETTER No. 59 ■ OCTOBER 2018 and guidance on spatial publishing the experiences and The outputs of the AquaSpace planning covering a wide outcomes of the 16 case studies project have the potential to range of tools and methods in book format. contribute to the increased growth that were developed and/ – A number of videos to raise of coordinated aquaculture or enhanced over the course awareness about spatial planning planning, in line with the European of the AquaSpace project for aquaculture were produced Commission’s Strategic Guidelines are available via the project (for example, see: that identified coordinated website. These included legal https://youtu.be/qjEODBnpCms). spatial planning as a priority. The instruments (laws, regulations, project outputs also contribute The intended users of the outputs guidelines); processes (such to policy objectives through the of AquaSpace are planners, as stakeholder engagement); simplification of administrative industry, regulators, technical computer model applications procedures, enhancing personnel and all other actors (e.g. geographic information competitiveness and promoting a interested in the development of systems, or computer models to level playing field. aquaculture in terms of its use of assess potential environmental space, including environmental Innovations generated within impacts of aquaculture); and NGOs and the general public. AquaSpace have a global reach and software or sets of instructions will help improve the environmental to aid decision-making on spatial AquaSpace project produced and social sustainability of planning for aquaculture. synthesized information on aquaculture production, much A simulator of an aquaculture constraints on aquaculture growth, of which is imported to the EU. development was developed by Mr which appear to lie as much in the Thus, AquaSpace will not only Anders Bøe, Norwegian University domain of society and governance provide innovations that allow the of Science and Technology for as in environmental limitations. growth of the EU industry, it will AquaSpace to explore options for The project developed tools that also help to improve the social and EUROPE uses of Scotland’s coastal waters. can support spatial planning, guide environmental sustainability of It enables the user to inspect the investment in aquaculture, aid imported aquaculture products. fish cages and moorings, and swim disease management, and help Within the EU, marine spatial amongst the fish (Figure 1). understand and ameliorate some planning needs to be more of the social constraints. The tools Training effectively implemented and will need further investment for – Training materials such as its multi-sector approach wider uptake but they are already lectures texts, slides and other applied to nearshore waters readily available for many users. relevant educational material for where aquaculture is presently the AquaSpace Masters Module The overall impact of the project subject to complicated and slow on “Planning and Managing the will be to enable the aquaculture Town and Country Planning use of Space for Aquaculture” sector to grow sustainably and to regimes. Integrated coastal zone were prepared and are available effectively negotiate for space by management should be considered in the AquaSpace Web site. applying spatial planning tools. as an alternative solution. – A three-day “Continuing Professional Development SEE ALSO Course” on planning and management of space for Websites of AquaSpace project: www.aquaspace-h2020.eu aquaculture, targeted at Aguilar-Manjarrez, J., Soto, D. & Brummett, R. 2017. Aquaculture zoning, site aquaculture professionals, selection and area management under the ecosystem approach to aquaculture. regulators, researchers and Full document. Report ACS113536. Rome, FAO, and World Bank Group, Washington, DC. 395 pp. (www.fao.org/3/a-i6992e.pdf). representatives from other Gimpel, A., Stelzenmüller, V., Töpsch, S., Galparsoro, I., Gubbins, M., Miller, D., maritime industries and interest Murillas, A., Murray, A.G., Pınarbaşı, K., Roca, G. Watret, R. 2018. A GIS-based groups. tool for an integrated assessment of spatial planning tradeoffs with aquaculture. Science of the Total Environment 627: 1644–1655. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j. Communication scitotenv.2018.01.133 – Ten articles were published in Sanchez-Jerez, P., Karakassis, I., Massa, F., Fezzardi, D., Aguilar-Manjarrez, J., a range of journals and at least Soto, D., Chapela, R., Avila, P., Macias, J. C., Tomassetti, P., Marino, G., Borg, 10 more are in preparation. J. A., Franiˇcevi´ c, V., Yucel-Gier, G., Fleming, I.A., Biao, X., Nhhala, H., Hamza, H., Forcada, A. & Dempster, T. 2016. Aquaculture’s struggle for space: the need – Annual newsletters were for coastal spatial planning and the potential benefits of allocated zones for produced. aquaculture (AZAs) to avoid conflict and promote sustainability. Aquaculture – Additional funds are being Environment Interactions. Aquacult Environ Interact, Vol. 8: 41–54. (www.int-res.com/articles/aei2016/8/q008p041.pdf). identified for the purpose of

FAO AQUACULTURE NEWSLETTER No. 59 ■ OCTOBER 2018 25 Mass Media Communication and its Impact on Market Behaviour in Mediterranean Aquaculture

s in any other economic Aactivity, public perception of aquaculture is a key topic affecting the development of the industry and its economic and social sustainability. Information released in the mass media has a potential effect on its audience which may positively or negatively affect the evolution of the industry and its future growth. Study of the relationship between mass media and public opinion about aquaculture, its social acceptability and impact on market performance is included in several different tasks under the MedAid ©FAO/V. CRESPI ©FAO/V. (Mediterranean Aquaculture Fish shop selling aquaculture products in Tirana, Albania. EUROPE Integrated Development) project (H2020; GA no. 727315), an co-leader of WP7 (Governance Value Chain) H2020 projects European Commission funded and Social Acceptability). FAO staff, and representatives of project aimed to improve the National Governments, producers’ In order to set a framework and efficiency and performance of associations and specialized establish methodologies for the Mediterranean fish farming journalists of the three countries analysing information released by industry. FAO contributes targeted in the fieldwork case the media in the Mediterranean as a partner of the MedAid studies (Spain, Italy and Greece), countries and their impact on consortium through its Products, contributed to the presentations the attitudes of consumers, Trade and Marketing Branch and discussions. The morning retailers and policymakers, a that co-leads Task 6.3 (WP6: sessions focused on describing group of experts participated Economics), and through the the most up to date figures and in a workshop at the FAO General Fisheries Commission for trends in aquaculture production headquarters in Rome in May the Mediterranean (GFCM) as and trade in Mediterranean 2018. The workshop provided a aquaculture, introduced the forum for discussion and review MedAid project including working the methodologies analyzed packages (WP) 6 and 7. Special findings and identified further Written by: attention was given to discussion steps in the analysis included in on the methodology to be used José Fernandez Polanco the MedAid tasks. Visiting scientist in a case study covering the FAO Fisheries and Aquaculture A total of 26 participants, impact on market behaviour Department, Rome, Italy including MedAid and of information released by E-mail: [email protected] PerformFish (Integrating traditional newspapers. An index Fabio Massa Innovative Approaches for based on different attributes of General Fisheries Commission for Competitive and Sustainable the messages sent in the news the Mediterranean, Rome, Italy Performance across the E-mail: [email protected] will be applied to the analysis of Mediterranean Aquaculture the image of aquaculture in the

26 FAO AQUACULTURE NEWSLETTER No. 59 ■ OCTOBER 2018 media in Spain, Italy and Greece over the last five years. This index will be included in a more complex model to describe the evolution of the seafood market in terms of quantities and prices. Separate discussions were held in the afternoon, splitting and allocating the participants based on their prioritisation on media or on governance. A final concluding session summarized and presented the main findings of the workshop. Among the topics discussed, participants highlighted the poor CRESPI ©FAO/V. Fish processing factory in Bizert, Tunisia knowledge about aquaculture in the mass media and a higher existent and generally limited to audience but is uni-directional. likelihood of media publishing reactive responses to alarms and Interactive communication in negative rather than positive negative news. It was agreed that social media is gaining attention information. Frequently the regular sectoral meetings with from consumers as a way for information provided in the the media to clarify concepts acquiring information about EUROPE media is technical and difficult and provide updates about companies and products, and to understand by a non-skilled the progress in the industry, thus increasingly influencing audience. On the opposite highlighting good practices, purchase decisions. Diversification side, it was noted that the and social responsible actions of targets, selecting messages aquaculture industry lacks of may contribute to improving the and tools for different audiences, a sustained and coordinated perception of the industry by the is recommended since consumers communication strategy. media and by the community. It may not be interested in Communication campaigns on is also important to interact with technical information or may aquaculture are rarely undertaken all kinds of media and consider misunderstand the implications. without public funding. At the different targets. Traditional For these and other reasons individual company level, mass media cover a large and wide consumers may not rely greatly communication is almost non- on information provided in the media but would look for alternative sources of information. One of the most common sources of information is the retail salesperson. Retailers have a strong influence on consumers’ decision making but may not be proactive toward aquaculture species if they lack adequate information. As in the case of the media, provision of information to retailers and interaction with the salesperson who is the contact with consumers is expected to help contribute to improvement of consumers perceptions about aquaculture in general and of

©FAO/V. CRESPI ©FAO/V. certain species in particular. Fish shop selling aquaculture products in Tunis, Tunisia

FAO AQUACULTURE NEWSLETTER No. 59 ■ OCTOBER 2018 27 Rice-fish Farming in Iran: History and Development

ntroduction to rice accompanied by an increase in Iproduction in Iran yield, from 2.8 tonnes/hectare When thinking about the in 1965 to over 4.2 tonnes/ geography of the Islamic Republic hectare in 2016 as well as a of Iran, many people would small expansion of land under picture high mountains, arid cultivation.1 The improved deserts and cool nights. However, yields were caused by multiple Iran actually enjoys a diverse factors, including technological climate, ranging from arid and advancements, high-yielding semi-arid, to subtropical along the varieties, integrated pest Caspian coast and the northern management, better irrigation forests. On the northern edge of infrastructure and management, the country (the Caspian coastal as well as integrated farming ©FAO ©FAO plain), geographic features like systems such as rice-fish farming. Mr Tahmores Ranjbar Koti Lateh Savadakouh the Alborz Mountains cause Rice-fish farming is currently temperatures to rarely fall below estimated by experts to be freezing, with the area remaining practiced in 10 percent of all responsibility for the transfer of humid year-round. Even so, rice fields in Iran, for a total technology, the cultural heritage many areas are dry, receiving area between 50 thousand and of rice-fish culture from the only 250 mm of rainfall a year. 72 thousand hectares. ancient nation and the forerunner This climate necessitates certain of China as a souvenir of science NEAR EAST AND NORTH AFRICA NORTH AND EAST NEAR agricultural practices to differ History of rice-fish farming to my beloved homeland.” between areas, reflecting a local in Iran MEETINGS AND EVENTS AND MEETINGS This trip provided an opportunity saying that “the temperature is Mr Tahmores Ranjbar Koti Lateh to better understand the the director of all things”. Savadakouh is widely recognized techniques associated with th as the champion and scientific Iran is the 26 largest producer rice-fish farming, and then to lead expert of rice-fish culture in of rice based on 2016 estimates, transfer them to Iran. This then set Iran, beginning with his research and its production has steadily the foundation for the practical on pest management of rice in increased over the last 40 years, development of rice-fish farming, the 1980s. Mr Tahmores Ranjbar reaching about 2.4 million tonnes as well as extensive research and has also played a major role in and 550 thousand hectares experimental studies in the field. the development of aquaculture of rice fields throughout the Since this original introduction within his country, including country, predominantly located much research has been done, introduction of novel irrigation in the provinces of Gilan and resulting in remarkable findings methods, new species and Mazandaran. This growth was and innovations for the rice saline aquaculture. During this and aquaculture sectors of the time, Mr Ranjbar visited rice country. The expansion of rice-fish fields in China and was exposed farming began with participatory to traditional rice fish farming research with farmers in their methods, which was facilitated by Written by: field, which were implemented FAO in an early example of South- Chiara Sirani through applied extension South Cooperation. FAO Intern development projects, initially E-mail: [email protected] In his memoirs, Mr Ranjbar reaching 100 hectares in the Matthias Halwart remembers this moment and gives provinces of Mazandaran and FAO Fisheries and Aquaculture thanks to the experience, which, Gilan. Department, Rome, Italy “has given [me] this great historic E-mail: [email protected] 1 www.fao.org/faostat/en/#data/QC

28 FAO AQUACULTURE NEWSLETTER No. 59 ■ OCTOBER 2018 Examples of practices Since its establishment in the country, rice-fish farming advanced while adapting to the local conditions. Some of the specific practices developed by Mr Ranjbar and his colleagues include:

– The development of rotational NEAR EAST AND NORTH AFRICA rice-fish farming systems taking advantage of the seasonal opportunity for rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) breeding in the paddy fields during the

winter when rice cannot be ©FAO grown. This allows for more Mr Ranjbar, in the left, collecting rice yield information with the help of the efficient land-use, conservation farmer Mr A. Abbasi (Village of Dang –e– Sarak, Mazandaran). Typical yields of fish are between 1 and 3.5 tonnes per hectare of resources, integrated pest management (IPM) and higher yields than growing rice indicator of the health of rice adaptation of the rice-fish without fish. Rice fields with plants. His research also shows system to a continental climate, stocked fish have less weeds a reduction of rice stemborer such as that of the provinces of competing with the rice for soil (Chilo suppressalis) by six times in Mazandaran and Gilan, in north nutrients, fewer stemborers and rice-fish fields, with the fish also Iran. The rainbow trout is a pests and a reduced occurrence of acting as a natural fertilizer. As a highly valued introduced species whiteheads, all contributing to the result, rice-fish was demonstrated for Iran, for instance the country production of healthier rice plants to be a cost-effective farming is one of the major producing with more and bigger grains2. system resulting in the prevention countries of the species and This is also supported by research of diseases mitigating negative has an expected production carried out by Mr Ranjbar in 2001, environmental effects and increase. showing a 17 percent increase boosting production for food and – Another practice is the “spring in the total number of seeds in livelihood. culture”, which uses the rice rice-fish farms as compared to Mr Ranjbar continues to highlight paddies to propagate Southern rice farms without fishes, with the importance of rice-fish farming Caspian kutum (Rutilus frisii the number of seeds being an kutum). The stocks of this native species are overfished in the wild, and the rice paddies are used to grow fry and fingerlings after artificial spawning, the larvae are introduced about two months before the rice transplanting and the fingerlings can then be released in the Caspian Sea to support stock enhancement programmes.

Relevance As experience from Iran suggests and evidence from 18 papers covering five countries has shown ©FAO that growing rice in rice-fish Applied extension stage of a 6 hectare farm of rice and fish (Larim village, Mazandaran Province). Release of fry (10 000 per hectare) by Mr Ranjbar and his systems does generally result in colleague (Ranjbar Tahmores, 1988)

2 www.fao.org/3/a-a0823e.pdf

FAO AQUACULTURE NEWSLETTER No. 59 ■ OCTOBER 2018 29 and has dedicated his career to ranging between 503-544 million the design and management foster the development of rice-fish metric tonnes, the rice sector of agricultural production and farming and aquaculture in his needs to continue to grow food systems. Thereby, they will country. His strong interest derives sustainably. be necessary for countries to from his faith that “through the promote sustainable agriculture Rice-fish systems4 are a great process of applied research it is and meet their development opportunity for the sustainable easy to solve mysteries, as wishes goals. FAO continues its intensification of rice production develop into ideas for solving support, and champions like as they raise system level problems and can also grow into Mr Ranjbar leading the way productivity, thereby increasing phenomena and inventions”. through innovative practices not only yield but also total factor and transforming agriculture will One of the problems Mr Ranjbar productivity while minimizing remain essential advocates driving seeks to address is related to the depletion of water, soil us forward towards zero hunger. earth’s most precious resource: erosion, downstream silting, water. This is a high-priority salinity build-up, erosion of problem today, posing a threat biodiversity, resurgence of rice Note: This article has been to the development of rice- pests and pollution caused by prepared by Ms Chiara Sirani fish farming in Iran and of agrochemicals.5 (FAO Intern) at the request of food production and human the author as a condensed and health globally. Conservation Conclusion edited version of the original and sustainable use of natural The diversification of production manuscript on rice-fish farming resources is critical to the food systems favours ecosystem in Islamic Republic of Iran by security and nutrition of our services, boosting efficiency in Mr Tahmores Ranjbar Koti Lateh global population, especially when the use of natural resources (soil, Savadakouh (translated from considering crops such as rice, air, sun, and water) through the Persian to English by Mr Reza which is a staple food for about synergy of components, natural Javan). Comments on an earlier half the world population. recycling of elements and leading to greater resilience of version by Mr Pourkazemi With global rice production (Iranian Fisheries Science NEAR EAST AND NORTH AFRICA NORTH AND EAST NEAR agro-ecosystems. Rice-fish estimates at just over 500 million farming and related holistic Research Institute), Mr Halwart 3 MEETINGS AND EVENTS AND MEETINGS tonnes (in milled terms) in 2017 approaches to integrated (FAO) and Ms Elizabeth and FAO-IRRI outlooks for 2030 agriculture with aquaculture Graham (FAO) are gratefully indicating a global demand combine ecological concepts to acknowledged.

3 www.fao.org/worldfoodsituation/csdb/en/ 4 Rice-fish systems encompass the wide range of aquatic species (including finfish, crustaceans, molluscs, reptiles, insects, amphibians and aquatic plants) used for consumption and/or sale and integrated farming systems (concurrent, rotational, side-by-side using the same water resources) being practiced in various intensities of input use from the harvesting of wild fish to the introduction of cultured fish. 5 www.fao.org/3/a-i3643e.pdf ©FAO Rice fish farming in Viet Nam

30 FAO AQUACULTURE NEWSLETTER No. 59 ■ OCTOBER 2018 Eighth Meeting of RECOFI Working Group on Aquaculture

he Regional Commission for Fisheries (RECOFI) is Ta Regional Fisheries Management Organization established in 2001 with the aim of promoting the

development, conservation, rational management and ©FAO best utilization of living marine resources, as well as Participants at the Eighth RECOFI Working Group on

improving the sustainable development of aquaculture Aquaculture NEAR EAST AND NORTH AFRICA within its area of application. The Commission has two subsidiary bodies, the Working Group on Fisheries RECOFI decisions and recommendations on Minimum Management and the Working Group on Aquaculture Data Reporting on Aquaculture” and “An update on (WGA). latest FAO aquaculture data registered for RECOFI countries in the latest FAO global aquaculture dataset” The Eighth meeting of the WGA was held in Kuwait (X. Zhou); (ii) “Developing Marine Cage Culture in City, State of Kuwait, from 17 to 19 April 2018. Twenty- the Near East” (J. Aguilar-Manjarrez), and (iii) “An three participants from six Members of the Commission Overview on Desert and Arid Land Aquaculture: attended, namely, Bahrain, State of Kuwait, Sultanate Opportunities and Impediments” (V. Crespi). This was of Oman, State of Qatar, Saudi Arabia and United Arab followed with an agreement for the work programme Emirates. The Regional Organization for the Protection for 2018-2020. of the Marine Environment (ROPME) was also present at the meeting as an invited regional organization. The During the last day of the meeting, in the morning meeting was organized by the RECOFI Secretariat, in the WGA participants visited the Kuwait Institute close cooperation with FAO Regional Office for Near for Scientific Research (www.kisr.edu.kw/en) and in East and North Africa, the FAO Aquaculture Branch, the afternoon they adopted the draft report of the and the Statistics and Information Branch. The meeting meeting. was structured around the following main sessions; Among the main priorities identified for the region, (i) reporting by the Secretariat on the progress of work the WGA agreed on the importance of: carried out during the intersessional period; (ii) review – Adopting the proposed roadmap for the of status and trend in aquaculture development at implementation of RECOFI recommendations national and regional levels; (iii) priority setting for on minimum data collection and reporting on activities of the WGA; and (iv) preparation of the work aquaculture. programme for 2018–2020. – Improving national data collection and reporting on During the first day of the meeting, the RECOFI aquaculture data and information sharing. Secretary (H. Fersoy) presented the intersessional – Sharing work experiences on aquaculture spatial activities of the WGA, followed by a summary of planning and defining criteria and indicators to be the main decisions and recommendations made used for marine fish cage culture site selection. at the Ninth Session of RECOFI, the Ninth session – Revising and updating the contents of Regional of Committee on Fisheries Sub-Committee on Aquaculture Information System (RAIS). Aquaculture, and the Thirty-third session of the FAO The WGA decided to include a regional workshop on Regional Conference for the Near East. This was harmonized RECOFI aquaculture data collection and followed by one presentation from each WGA Member dissemination in line with Internationally Established country on the status of aquaculture development Standards in the workplan, with the tentative date in and a presentation on the Regional Aquaculture December 2019. Information System (RAIS) by the Representative from The WGA concluded to organize a technical workshop the State of Kuwait. on “Guidelines on marine fish cage site selection” to The second day included three presentations by the be held in Oman in April 2019. The next meeting of the Secretariat on (i) the “Status of implementation of WGA will be held in April 2020 in one of the RECOFI Member countries.

SEE ALSO Written by: Cardia, F., Ciattaglia, A. & Corner, R.A. 2017. Guidelines Haydar Fersoy and Criteria on Technical and Environmental Aspects FAO Regional Office for the Near East and North Africa, of Cage Aquaculture Site Selection in the Kingdom of Cairo, Egypt Saudi Arabia. Strengthening and supporting further E-mail: [email protected] development of aquaculture in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia Project UTF/SAU/048/SAU. José Aguilar-Manjarrez www.fao.org/3/a-i6719e.pdf E-mail: [email protected] Regional Aquaculture Information System (RAIS) Xiaowei Zhou website: www.raisaquaculture.net th E-mail: [email protected] Report of the 8 meeting of RECOFI-WGA: www.fao.org/3/CA1351EN/ca1351en.pdf FAO Fisheries and Aquaculture Department, Rome, Italy

FAO AQUACULTURE NEWSLETTER No. 59 ■ OCTOBER 2018 31 Assessment of Aquaculture Value Chain in Lebanon

his article describes the Tresults of an FAO project to assess aquaculture value chain in Lebanon. Aquaculture has been practiced for many decades in the country. In 2017, total fishery production from marine capture fisheries and aquaculture were 3 608 and 1 225 tonnes, respectively. The vast majority of aquaculture production is concentrated on rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss), which commonly grown in small to medium scale farms using semi- intensive farming systems. Forty- seven percent of the farms are small (surface area less than 500 m2), 38 percent of the farms are medium sized (501-1 500 m2) and 15 percent are large size (over 1 500 m2). The inland fish farms are located mostly in the

NEAR EAST AND NORTH AFRICA NORTH AND EAST NEAR inner planes of Baalbek and Hermel region and to a lesser

MEETINGS AND EVENTS AND MEETINGS extent in Akkar governorate with an additional small number of establishments distributed

between Mount Lebanon’s ©FAO Chouf area and Nabatiyeh in the Rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) farming South. There is currently only one onshore mariculture farm in In 1960, the Anjar Centre for The tilapia farms produce their operation in Aabdeh, Akkar in the Aquaculture was established own fry from parent broodstock north of Lebanon that produces by the Ministry of Agriculture imported from South Africa. whiteleg shrimp (Penaeus (MOA) in Bekaa area to become A large number of trout farmers vannamei). the first hatchery among feed the fish with only aquafeeds. the neighbouring countries. The price of aquafeed and Afterwards, MOA resorted to fishmeal is a very important hatching imported certified eyed factor in deciding whether use eggs (from Denmark, South Written by: a manufactured diet or chicken Africa & USA) for distribution. Haydar Fersoy processing wastes. Trout farmers The MOA Hatchery is reported E-mail: [email protected] occasionally, despite MOA’s ban to have been producing 500 000 Samir Majdalani on use of slaughterhouse wastes, - 2 000 000 fry/year of rainbow FAO Consultant replace the commercial diet with trout and 200 000 fry/year of E-mail: [email protected] poultry by-products because they fario trout (Salmo trutta fario). No Dario Pinello cannot always afford to purchase FAO Consultant hatchery facilities exist for other the commercial one. The shrimp E-mail: [email protected] aquaculture species. The shrimp farm resorts to using imported FAO Regional Office for the Near farms import larvae from United feed from Saudi Arabia. Tilapia East and North Africa, Cairo, Egypt States of America and Thailand. also use imported aquafeeds.

32 FAO AQUACULTURE NEWSLETTER No. 59 ■ OCTOBER 2018 Local seafood consumption prepared. Around 60 restaurants production while export volume trends vary according to regions. in Anjar and Hermel areas serve is negligible. Value added Inhabitants of cities and coastal fresh trout on their menus. product is still lacking on the areas prefer marine fish, whereas Anjar is considered a tourist Lebanese market. The study, inhabitants of Bekaa Valley (inland area where visitors from nearby however, reports existence of area) prefer beef and chicken to villages, Beirut, and other cities certain aquaculture added- fish and they mostly consume come for trout meals and enjoy value initiatives, including, trout. Medium size trout fish is the area with its landscape and but not limited to (i) trout sold live to restaurants, which water sites. Most of the Lebanese flesh pigmentation by adding NEAR EAST AND NORTH AFRICA have their own concrete holding prefer marine fish and still do not carotenoids to trout feed (those tanks. know about different recipes that trout are then fraudulently locally could include trout. However, this sold and exported as salmon in A large quantity of produced source of fish is growing and is some areas) and (ii) smoking, and trout is channelled through increasingly becoming popular fileting processes. local restaurants at or close to to the Lebanese consumer. It the production farms. Prices of The apparent per capita represents a good potential and trout remain low as compared fresh, chilled, and frozen fish an additional food source if higher to marine fish due to lack of consumption was 6.03 kg in 2011 production can be attained. It local demand and misperception and 8.9 kg in 2017 (including should be coupled with marketing that freshwater fish is of lower local aquaculture products). strategies and advertising. This quality. Some farmers sell their Lebanon is not authorized to is particularly the case compared products to supermarkets, but export fish to the European with the volume of imported meat most sell them at their farms Union. According to the Lebanese quantities in general and fish in or restaurants. The marketable customs data, nearly 23 thousand particular. size is 250-350 g but larger sizes tonnes of fish (including (0.5-1 kg) are also demanded. Locally farmed fish is generally crustaceans and molluscs) were After land crop production, sold fresh for human imported in 2017. It is important aquaculture is the second main consumption. In recent years, to note that, for imports, the economic activity of the Hermel, there have been some private majority of the fish and fishery Yammouneh, and Anjar areas and investments for filleting and products come from aquaculture constitutes an income generating smoking of locally produced and demersal fisheries, particularly activity linked especially with rainbow trout. The shrimp farm from Turkey, Thailand, Vietnam, restaurants and tourism in the in Aabdeh, Akkar is the only and Egypt. For the imported areas. In Lebanon, the market is business that freezes its products. species, seabream/seabass, not selective for freshwater fish Around 67 percent of the first tilapia, red mullet, and shrimps and fishery products, so grading sales occur through indirect sales, were the most important chilled and packaging are not much while 23 percent through a direct species. Hake, Pangasius catfish, important. Trout is usually sold transaction. Nearly 64 percent of shrimps, and tuna were the chilled, whole, or gutted. The indirect sales pass through the most prevalent imported frozen farm price is USD 2-3/kg, whilst auction markets. species. According to the findings the retail price is USD 3-5/kg. of the FAO project, key actors Local fish production is marketed in the value chain of imported Restaurants buy whole fish, and to consumers, besides auctions, aquaculture products includes this non-processed and non-gutted on port stalls, by licensed and/or importers, wholesalers, mongers format is attractive to the customers unlicensed shops/supermarkets or restaurants and consumers. and preserves the ‘shelf life’ of the and fish stalls, directly by Lebanese fish exports amounted product. Restaurants usually serve fishermen, and by street vendors. in 2017 to only 124 tonnes at trout at the table at a price of USD Smoking and filleting of about a value of 1.3 million USD of 10/kg. Trout cooking and meals 300 tonnes/year of salmon chilled, frozen, fillets and smoked are considered a specialty for the (imported) and trout and freezing seafood items. In this year, the Hermel and Anjar communities. of around 20 tonnes of shrimps main markets for the Lebanese Several restaurants, particularly in is practiced. The FAO project trout products were Saudi Arabia, the Bekaa Valley, have live trout highlighted that fish demand Qatar, Jordan, and United Arab holding raceways, so customers in Lebanon has an order of Emirates. can select the fish which is then magnitude greater than local

FAO AQUACULTURE NEWSLETTER No. 59 ■ OCTOBER 2018 33 Processing is limited to filleting, of other freshwater species leveraged to support increased smoking, and slicing of imported is limited by comparison. The production levels. chilled/frozen Atlantic and Pacific coastal consumers mostly are not Lebanese aquaculture sector salmon. The processing facilities familiar with trout. When probed has high potential for growth. are modern and seem to strictly if the trout species is a marine or However, more specific actions follow international safety and freshwater fish, only 33 percent are needed to strengthen the hygiene regulations that allowed of the interviewees correctly aquaculture value chain in the them to establish a bridgehead identified trout as a freshwater country, including improvement into some neighboring markets. species. Most of interviewees of supply chain governance and However, there are also efforts by had the view that, marine fish coordination between public and some entrepreneurs to establish and fishery products are tastier, private stakeholders. a smoking industry for locally healthier, safer and less polluted produced trout. than freshwater species. SEE ALSO A recent FAO market study The combination of factors, (“Lebanon marine fisheries and including low and unstable National Aquaculture Sector Overview. Lebanon. National aquaculture consumer behavior supply and low product quality Aquaculture Sector Overview Fact survey and restaurant sector makes the commercialization Sheets. Text by El Mokdad, D. In: study”) found that about half of the product for those value FAO Fisheries and Aquaculture Department [online]. Rome. Updated of the interviewed public were chain actors that require advance 20 February 2015. aware of freshwater species planning, such as the big www.fao.org/fishery/countrysector/ and one fifth of those consume supermarket chains, unappealing. naso_lebanon/en freshwater species. Trout, which The local product is well perceived Farajalla, N, Daou, Y, Saoud, I.P., 2014. Environmental Impact of Trout represents the majority of local by the consumer and they feel it Aquaculture on the Lebanon Portion production, has the highest is of the best quality. This strength of the Assi River. World Aquaculture. December 2 014. pp. 18-23. level of awareness. Knowledge of the local products can be NEAR EAST AND NORTH AFRICA NORTH AND EAST NEAR MEETINGS AND EVENTS AND MEETINGS ©FAO/P. ANTON Old man peeling shrimps in a fish market

34 FAO AQUACULTURE NEWSLETTER No. 59 ■ OCTOBER 2018 Introducing Aquaculture Demonstration Farms: Strengthening Capacities of Small-Scale Farmers in Latin America Countries LATIN AMERICA AND THE CARIBBEAN ©FAO/A. FLORES NAVA Photo 1 – Agri-aquaculture demonstration farm in Paraguay. (Pig stall at the end and vegetables plot at the pond side)

mall-scale aquaculture farmers expressed by SSAF, regarding farms, championed by selected S(SSAF) are a growing producers their productive and economic SSAF in Antigua and Barbuda, segment in Latin America. sustainability, included lack Colombia, Costa Rica, Guatemala While in 2005 a preliminary of technical knowledge and and Paraguay. survey reported about 34 000 expertise; lack of working capital, The program was based on the farmers1, by 2015 there were particularly to buy aquafeeds, and following principles: (i) employing more than 500 000 of such limited access to markets. Based the self-sufficient approach farmers throughout the region.2 In on such a survey, the Aquaculture to build in situ capacities, countries such as Paraguay, Bolivia Network of the Americas (RAA, thus ensuring sustainability; and Colombia SSAF represent 95, for its acronym in Spanish), (ii) involving targeted SSAF in all 80 and 65 percent of the total adopted capacity building of SSAF steps of the process, to ensure national number of aquaculture as one of its regional strategic project appropriation; (iii) creating farmers, respectively. programs. demonstration farms to make In a survey carried out in The Government of Brazil, in field schools open to all SSAF 15 countries of Latin America3, support of such a program, in selected territories to ensure the limitations more frequently funded a FAO-executed project the maximum impact, and entitled “Activation of services (iv) bringing resource-limited, and consolidation of the government-subsidized farmers, Aquaculture Network of the up to a more sustainable, market- Written by: Americas – RAA” through which, oriented level. Alejandro Flores Nava amongst other lines of work, a Selection of demonstration Sub-regional Office for Middle regional program was created to farm sites was made in direct America Panama City, Panama promote and operate a series of coordination with national E-mail: [email protected] demonstration agri-aquaculture aquaculture authorities.

FAO AQUACULTURE NEWSLETTER No. 59 ■ OCTOBER 2018 35 A thorough baseline study of most important impacts of the – The demonstration farm in pre-selected territories, which project, can be summarized as northern Colombia, allowed included aquaculture production, follows: the community to generate family cash income and local fish – The replication factor in sufficient revenue to purchase consumption indicators, amongst most cases was very high. a plot of land to grow plant others, was carried out. Some In Paraguay, one agri- crops and to make available a of the selection criteria for both aquaculture demonstration community fund to be used for sites and farmers to be involved farm (pigs+fish+vegetables) contingencies. in the program included the created more than 280 – In Costa Rica, the families following: (i) territories with a high new farmers, which in turn that depend on the tilapia concentration of resource-limited enabled the establishment of demonstration farm, increased SSAF, (ii) farmers with at least a SSAF cooperative. Today, the significantly their cash income 5 years of continuous production, cooperative has a processing and developed a tourist site and (iii) farmers regarded as plant and a refrigerated truck to with a small restaurant where technical and moral leaders by transport their produce to local they catch and serve fish. their local peers. markets. Not all went well in this project – In Guatemala, two integrated Following decisions made by of this nature. Two sites were farms (fish+vegetables+sheep) targeted SSAF, an array of culture abandoned by the farmers, resulted in 34 new farmers in systems was finally included in the thus reflecting a bad selection an indigenous rural community, program. In the insular country processes. However, valuable thus increasing fish protein of Antigua and Barbuda, an lessons for doing better in the availability and generating cash aquaponics (tilapia and lettuce) future were learned. income to rural poor families. farm that had already been working for more than five years, was selected and became a training center for potential farmers of Antigua and Barbuda and other LATIN AMERICA AND THE CARIBBEAN THE AND AMERICA LATIN island countries of the Caribbean. Integrated agri-aquaculture farms were operated in indigenous territories of Guatemala as well as in five farm sites of Paraguay, and a tilapia cage culture project was supported in a poor rural village of Colombia (Photos 1 and 2). FAO´s involvement in this first phase had a duration of approximately 24 months. In all cases, farm productivity and family cash income increased

significantly (between 15 and ©FAO/A. FLORES NAVA 395 percent, and between 23 Photo 2 – Tilapia culture site in Sucre, Colombia and 600 percent, respectively). Whilst fish consumption in aquaculture farmers families was SEE ALSO already above 34 kg/caput/year 1. Morales, V. y R. Morales. 2005. Síntesis Regional del Desarrollo de la at the baseline, consumption of Acuicultura en América Latina y el Caribe 2005. FAO Circular de Pesca No. fish in the communities where 1071/1. FAO, Roma. 197 pp. demonstration farms were 2. Flores-Nava, A.; A. Mena; D. Mendoza y A. Fuenzalida. 2016. Una Mirada al located, increased between extensionimso acuícola en América Latina. FAO-RLC. Santiago, Chile. 91 pp. 10 and 25 percent. 3. Flores-Nava, A. 2012. Diagnóstico de la Acuicultura de Recursos Limitados (AREL) y de la Acuicultura de la Micro y Pequeña Empresa (AMYPE) en Beyond the good technical and América Latina. FAO Serie Acuicultura en Latinoamérica No. 7. FAO, Chile. economic indicators, some of the 26 pp.

36 FAO AQUACULTURE NEWSLETTER No. 59 ■ OCTOBER 2018 FAO Promotes Intensive Trainings on Doing Aquaculture as Business

nder the leadership of the key terminologies in farm practical sessions, participants UAqaculture Branch, FAO management, basic accounting are introduced to the use of the has been engaging several and record keeping in commercial User-Friendly Tool for Investment countries in sub-Saharan Africa aquaculture, financial statements, Decision Making in Aquaculture on intensive capacity building business plan, assessment of the (UTIDA) through group exercises, trainings to facilitate the adoption economic and financial viability of presentations and plenary of business oriented approaches aquaculture farms, cost-structure discussions using the technical for the development of small analysis, sensitivity analysis, principles and good management and medium-scale aquaculture break-even analysis, financial practices learnt during the first SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA enterprises. Trainings of 4-5 days analysis, cash flow analysis. In the part of the training. have been developed to address a curriculum that combines the basic BOX 1 – Aquaculture as a business trainings provided in the last years technical and economic principles In the past four years, the following trainings have been provided at both of developing good aquaculture regional and country level practices. While a basic standard In 2018: curriculum is provided by FAO, – 10 to 14 September in Banjul, Gambia. Under the projects TCP/GAM/3603 the trainings are tailored for “Support to enhancing the capacity of youth and women for employment specific ecosystems and level of in aquaculture” and GCP/RAF/254/MUL “Creating agribusiness employment aquaculture development in the opportunities for youth through sustainable aquaculture systems and cassava countries; whenever possible, value chains in West Africa”: Participants from Gambia, Ghana and Nigeria. – 25 to 29 June 2018 in Dakar, Senegal. Under the project GCP/RAF/254/MUL, participants are exposed to field the sub-regional training took place. Participants from Burkina Faso, Ivory visits and exchanges, with the aim Coast, Guinea-Bissau, Mali, Niger, Senegal and Togo. of enhancing a business acumen – 7 to 11 May 2018 in Bissau, Guinea-Bissau. Under the project TCP/GBS/3604 in aquaculture. “Validation et dissémination de systèmes intégrées d’aquaculture - agriculture (rizipisciculture et autres productions) à travers de l’approche Champs-Écoles The technical principles addressed des Producteurs”. during the trainings include the – 23 to 26 April 2018 in Zanzibar, Tanzania- Under the project GCP/URT/146/ factors affecting productivity, ROK “Development of Mariculture Sector in Zanzibar”. carrying capacity, growth rate and In 2016: water management, classification – 14 to 18 November 2016 in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. Under the projects GCP/ of and introduction to farming SFE/001/MUL “Promoting Agricultural Diversification to Reduce Poverty, systems, seed production, Fight Malnutrition and enhance Youth Employment Opportunities in Eastern nutrition and feeds, harvest Africa” and FMM/GLO/112/MUL “Blue Growth Initiative in Support of Food Nutrition Security, Poverty Alleviation and Healthy Oceans”. Participants from and post-harvest practices. The Burundi, Djibouti, Ethiopia, Guinea- Bissau, Kenya, Rwanda, Somalia, South economic principles introduce Sudan and Uganda. . the participants to the definition – 23 to 27 May 2016 in Kigali, Rwanda. Under the projects TCP/RWA/3502 of commercial aquaculture, “Support to Enhancing Development of Commercial Aquaculture (EDCA) in sustainability principles, Rwanda” and GCP/SFE/001/MUL. – 14 to 18 March 2016 in Kampala, Uganda. Under the project GCP/SFE/001/ MUL – 21 to 24 March 2016 in Kyrinyaga County, Kenya. Under the project GCP/ SFE/001/MUL Written by: In 2014: Ana Menezes – 20 to 24 January 2014 in Lusaka, Zambia. Within the framework of the E-mail: [email protected] project GCP/RAF/463/MUL “Programme in Support of the Implementation Elisabetta Martone of the FAO Strategy for Fisheries and Aquaculture in Africa”. The NEPAD- E-mail: [email protected] FAO Fish Programme Workshop “Developing Aquaculture as a Business Pierre Murekezi within an Ecosystem Approach to the Sector”. Participants from Benin, E-mail: [email protected] Burundi, Cameroon, Djibouti, Ethiopia, Ghana, Guinea-Bissau, Kenya, Mali, FAO Fisheries and Aquaculture Mozambique, Nigeria, Rwanda, Senegal, Togo, Uganda and Zambia. Department, Rome, Italy

FAO AQUACULTURE NEWSLETTER No. 59 ■ OCTOBER 2018 37 aspects. Participants discussed BOX 2 – Aquaculture as a business knowledge product about the existing opportunities Within the framework of the Aquaculture as a Business approach, the following for aquaculture development, practical manuals and tools were developed to support the capacity building along with the political and process: private will to move forward the – The practical training manual is composed of two modules: Module 1 sector at country and regional “The technical dimension of commercial aquaculture” and Module 2 “The level. Participants discussed economic dimension of commercial aquaculture”. The target users of both modules are trainers, educators, extension officers, small- and medium- scale about the factors hampering fish farmers, commercial banks and financial institutions. The purpose is to aquaculture development (e.g. enhance their knowledge and capacities in understanding and applying the market failures, the lack of capital, basic technical, economic and financial principles and concepts of commercial expert technicians, skilled labour, aquaculture in their daily activities. quality seeds, rations, equipment) – The User-Friendly Tool for Investment Decision Making in Aquaculture (UTIDA). and about the possible policy The target users of both modules are trainers, educators, extension officers measures to tackle the issues (e.g. as long as are small- and ents normally brought about by the participants for access to land, tax holidays, loan attracting investors to commercial aquaculture and positively influencing the long-term development of the aquaculture sector in sub-Saharan Africa. guarantees). The trainings provide also a platform for participants to share their opinions on how to Commercial aquaculture, which balance of trade, which can assist improve the governance of the refers to fish farming operations countries to reach the Sustainable sector, as a necessary condition whose goal is to maximize profits, Development Goals (SGDs). to fully realize its technical and is promoted for its potential In summary, these trainings commercial potential and ensure contribution to food security and covered multiple topics, from an orderly and sustainable nutrition, and poverty alleviation technical to socio-economic development. directly by producing food fish and other products, and indirectly through employment creation SEE ALSO and generation of income for the SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA SUB-SAHARAN purchase of food. Commercial Martone, E. 2018 - A User-Friendly Tool for Investment Decision Making in aquaculture equally contributes to Aquaculture. FAO Aquaculture Newsletter 58. April 2018. pp 54. www.fao.org/3/i9200en/I9200EN.pdf the country economic growth and ©FAO Hand feeding in a fishpond in Kenya

38 FAO AQUACULTURE NEWSLETTER No. 59 ■ OCTOBER 2018 ©FAO Promoting a Common Vision for the Sustainable Development of Aquaculture in Inhambane Province, Mozambique

iming to support the sustainable Adevelopment of aquaculture in Mozambique, efforts are being made by the Ministry of Sea, Inland Waters and Fisheries to support aquaculture development including all the small-scale producers in the Province of Inhambane, through a training program and other forms of intervention. For this purpose, the Inhambane Province hosted from 16 to 17 May this year, a meeting for SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA the strategic review of the Aquaculture Sector in the Province and the creation of an aquaculture platform in Inhambane Province. ©FAOSFS The scope of an aquaculture platform The aquaculture target group in the Province of Inhambane is to promote dialogue and create partnerships for the sustainable Sea, Inland Waters and Fisheries of Inhambane with development of aquaculture that can enhance the support of FAO. compatible aspirations of the different actors involved in aquaculture value-chain on the one The intention of this meeting was to create for all hand and, to promote relations between the public participants, a space and opportunity to contribute and private sectors through open and inclusive with their knowledge and experiences, and also, to discussion, and provision of improved services. The recommend the concrete actions for linking of the meeting was attended by technicians from the local actors in the value chain of aquaculture for Central and Provincial Fisheries Sector, producers their benefit. of inputs, aspiring medium and small-scale Fish farming in Mozambique, particularly in aquaculture farmers, including the subsistence and Inhambane Province, is constrained by a number commercial-oriented aquaculture producers. The of reasons, including weak existing links between meeting was facilitated by Provincial Directorate of the various sector players, from small to medium scale producers, investors, feed and seed producers, traders and buyers. However, there are significant opportunities to enable the development of the Written by: aquaculture sector at provincial and national levels. Vasco Schmidt The meeting held defined terms of reference for FAO Sub-regional Office for Southern Africa, an innovative aquaculture sector platform tool - to Harare, Zimbabwe encourage discussion and improve advocacy in the E-mail: [email protected] development of aquaculture in the province and country. ©FAO Harvesting operations in a fish pond, Namibia

FAO AQUACULTURE NEWSLETTER No. 59 ■ OCTOBER 2018 39 SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA T countries currently composed by 14 Member network launched in 2006 endorsed bythe17 was recommended, and later Uganda inDecember2016,it Meeting held in Entebbe, At the sixth ANAF Annual particularly in rural areas. and provide youth employment, nutrition, create wealthandincome, poverty, ensure food security and development in Africa to fight foster sustainable aquaculture capacity ofMembercountriesto the Network is to strengthen the 40 FAO AQUACULTURE NEWSLETTER No.59 Africa for Network Aquaculture Meeting of the Seventh Annual effective transfer. appropriate arrangements for an of CIFAA and AU-IBAR to make they requested the FAO Secretariat the AU-IBAR structure. Therefore, integrating the Network within and confirmed their decision of to institutionalizetheNetwork reiterated to COFI, their willingness of Member countries of ANAF 2018, theHeadsofDelegation held in Rome from 9 to 13 July Committee onFisheries(COFI) During the33 structure asapermanenthome. for Animal Resources (AU-IBAR) African Union Inter-African Bureau temporary host at FAO/CIFAA, to the 2017, to transfer ANAF from its held in Banjul, Gambia in May and Aquaculture ofAfrica(CIFAA) the Committee for Inland Fisheries FAO Fisheries and Aquaculture Department, Rome,Italy Aquaculture and Fisheries FAO E-mail: Valerio Crespi E-mail: Pierre Murekezi Written by: Africa (ANAF) is an informal he Aquaculture Network for [email protected] [email protected] 1 . The main objective of . Themainobjectiveof

rd Session of the FAO th Session of activities; (ii) the ToRs for ANAF of implementation of ANAF following outcomes:(i)thestatus The meeting produced the AU-IBAR. integrate theANAFSecretariat under containing the recommendation to a policy brief for the African Union to AU-IBARand(iv)thedraftingof transition of ANAF from FAO/CIFAA ANAF Task Force to oversee the (iii) the establishment of an interim on the SWOT analysis’s results; Secretariat under AU-IBAR based of Reference (ToRs) for the ANAF in Africa; (ii) the drafting of Terms sustainable aquaculture development of ANAF as a network to foster opportunities andthreats) analysis of a SWOT (strengths, weaknesses, sessions, included: (i) the elaboration Secretariat and LVFO through plenary meeting, facilitatedbytheANAF and AU-IBAR.Theobjectivesofthe Victoria Fisheries Organization (LVFO) Secretariat from FAO, and the Lake Uganda, andZambia),theANAF Mozambique, Nigeria, Senegal, Cameroon, Ghana, Kenya, Liberia, Member countries (i.e. Burkina Faso, ten ANAFaffiliated AfricanUnion attended by representatives from the in Nairobi, Kenya. The meeting was 15 August 2018 at AU-IBAR office The meeting was held from 13 to the Seventh ANAF Annual meeting. Agency (NPCA) and FAO, organized (NEPAD) Planning and Coordinating Partnership for Africa's Development IBAR in collaboration with the New It is against this background that AU- 1

Participants atthe7 South Africa, Tanzania, Uganda andZambia Cameroon, Chad,Ghana,Kenya, Liberia,Mali,Mozambique,Namibia,Nigeria,Senegal, ■ OCTOBER th ANAF annualmeeting, Nairobi, Kenya 2018 In addition to the above, the ANAF Secretariat underAU-IBAR. recommendation to integrate the the AfricanUnioncontaining plan; and(iv)apolicybrieffor implementation of the action was nominatedtooverseethe Kenya, Senegal and South Africa composed by Cameroon, Nigeria, establishment of a Task Force Secretariat under AU-IBAR; (iii) the the ANAF Secretariat. sector to continue collaborating with institutions, partners and the private and other African Union regional the importance for FAO, LVFO activities. The meeting highlighted to follow up on the key designated facilitation of the selected Task Force transition action plan including the implementation of a two-year FAO and AU-IBAR to support the Finally, the meeting requested institutionalization in AU-IBAR. Ministers to strengthen ANAF and its from them and their representative continental consensus on ANAF Member States in order to obtain 2018 withtheAfricanUnion- further discussed in September two-year transition action plan be AU-IBAR entity and its proposed ToRs for ANAF Secretariat as an therefore recommended thatthe the Ministerialmeeting.Itwas with non-ANAF Member during seventh ANAF Annual Meeting of sharing the outputs of the meeting highlightedtheimportance

©AU-IBAR Development of Mariculture in Zanzibar, Tanzania

n an effort to contribute Ito food security and national economic growth, FAO joint forces with the Korea International Cooperation Agency (KOICA) and the Government of Zanzibar, Tanzania for the development of the mariculture sector. On SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA April 20, 2018 Zanzibar inaugurated one Multi- Species Mariculture Project that includes one commercial hatchery for the production of juveniles of milkfish (Chanos chanos), sea cucumber (Holothuria ©FAOTZ spp.) and mud crabs The multi-species hatchery in Zanzibar (Scylla serrata), among other species. It is mangrove forests and seagrass. wide range of ecosystems services expected that the hatchery The success of this project, which with a direct impact on the will produce about 10 million include a long-term broodstock livelihoods and food security of milkfish fingerlings, 1 million management plan, live bait local communities. Some of them sea cucumber juveniles and production, holothurians-crabs- refer to the provision of timber 1 million crablets per year, from milkfishes larvae production, and non-timber products. management of the hatchery, 2020. By that time it is also Concomitantly, mangroves including elaboration of standard expected that 50 farmers will compete with urban development procedures and trained staff be fully operational using the along the coasts of Eastern and to put in place commercial same commercial production African countries, Tanzania management of the activity. This models that the FAO-KOICA (Zanzibar) included, and are will be achieved through the funded project will instill in the threatened with degradation and production of the target species community and private sector in extinction. Zanzibar. on extensive or semi-intensive farming systems, in mono or As one of the most established The FAO-KOICA funded polyculture in ponds and cages in touristic economies in Africa, project for the development of mangrove forests. Zanzibar aims at preserving mariculture sector, touches upon indigenous traditions and values, Experimental production trials few of the services offered by on one hand, while keeping up of holothurians and mud crabs the Zanzibar ecosystem such as with the rapid social development hatchery-produced seeds started and economic growth, on the in early 2018 in Zanzibar. other. Zanzibar’s natural resources, The project also aims at including mangroves, offer developing a mariculture sector attractive touristic destinations, Written by: that promotes food security rich biodiversity and a substantial Ana Menezes to prosperous and competitive array of goods and services. FAO Fisheries and Aquaculture Department, Rome, Italy producers while conserving Unfortunately, often, mangroves the Islands’ ecosystems and and other wetland ecosystems E-mail: [email protected] biodiversity. Mangroves provide a are considered wastelands

FAO AQUACULTURE NEWSLETTER No. 59 ■ OCTOBER 2018 41 because their values are not fully appreciated, even when fully utilized by the local and tourist population. To bring forth these values, awareness has to raised about the importance of the different services offered by the mangroves. The value of the Zanzibar ecosystem needs to be studied and brought to light to support decisions-makers in mangrove conservation on the Island. The production of crabs, sea cucumber and milkfish by the project, cannot be seen as a ©FAO standalone production system but FAO trains aquaculture technicians to operate the hatchery within the context of preserving and enriching the existing with Government to operate ecosystems in the Island and in business-oriented hatcheries and the region. Ideally, the integrated farms. In addition, feeds that need multi-trophic aquaculture (IMTA) to be supplied to grow the fish should integrate high-value from young to harvestable size species such as the above- can be sourced commercially and mentioned ones to recover cost of can be produced using local raw investments and earn income for materials that include the farmed the farmers. Eucheumoid algae (e.g. spinosum SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA SUB-SAHARAN and cottonii) and the sea lettuce Based on the experimental results, (Ulva lactuca). More research to fed species (e.g. milkfish) may find alternative feeds, including be introduced in deeper waters locally available plant-based and will be cultured in floating materials (e.g. seaweed, soya) cages, together with seaweed and could lead to the development of sea cucumber or other bottom- low-cost, high-protein feeds for ©FAOTZ feeders. In the existing shallow Sea cucumber broodstock fish farming. lagoons, where seaweed is farmed, the project will introduce sea cucumber and milkfish. Synergies using the current hatchery project in Zanzibar, dedicated to the production of sea cucumber and milkfish, with the established seaweed industry is beneficial to all farmers and the Island at large. The supply of fingerlings and feeds are crucial to the success of milkfish farming, therefore, the hatchery and nurseries operated initially by the government will provide an inexpensive source of fingerlings to farmers. Eventually,

the private sector will play the ©FAOTZ most important role in partnership Mud crab broodstock

42 FAO AQUACULTURE NEWSLETTER No. 59 ■ OCTOBER 2018 New Project in Support of the SADC Fisheries and Aquaculture Programme

Regional Aquaculture Strategy and Action Plan. Regional guidelines for good practice aquaculture management based on the Ecosystems Approach to Aquaculture will be developed in close consultation with SADC Members. The project will also allow to strengthening the cooperation between SADC and FAO towards the development of sustainable aquaculture in the region. Additionally, a tool for monitoring domestication of SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA the SADC Protocol on Fisheries in the Member states will be developed, validated and implemented. This tool will be closely aligned with the FAO Subregional Office for Southern Africa, the Southwest Indian Ocean Fisheries Commission and Benguela Current Commission. @FAO Fish farmer feeding her fish in a floating cage FAO support to the SADC Secretariat is expected to result in strengthening the development and implementation of regional and country specific quaculture plays a critical role as it is a source aquaculture initiatives in the future. The meeting of income and is central to food and nutrition A reviewed the SADC aquaculture programme, in security. In Southern Africa, FAO and Sothern particular through the updating by Member states Africa Development Community (SADC) launched of their national aquaculture programmes and a technical cooperation programme (TCP) to strategies. facilitate the implementation of the SADC Fisheries Programme, and build capacity of Member states in domesticating the SADC Protocol on Fisheries. The SADC Fisheries Programme has not been effectively implemented due to the past capacity constraints and lack of funds. The launch of the project comes at a time when there has been a shift towards promoting Blue Economy in the Region, and fisheries and aquaculture sectors are identified as the key drivers of the Regional Blue Growth Initiative. The FAO/SADC TCP was launched during the 6th meeting of the SADC Aquaculture Working Group, held back to back to the 2nd meeting of the FAO Platform for Genetics and Biodiversity Management in Aquaculture from 30 April to 3 May 2018 in Lilongwe, Malawi. The project will provide support to implementation of the SADC

Written by: MOEHL ©FAO/J. Vasco Schmidt Man holding a farmed Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) in Zambia FAO Sub-regional Office for Southern Africa, Harare, Zimbabwe E-mail: [email protected]

FAO AQUACULTURE NEWSLETTER No. 59 ■ OCTOBER 2018 43 THEMATIC ARTICLES FAO/M. D’ANTONI D’ANTONI FAO/M. © THEMATIC ARTICLES • THEMATIC ARTICLES • THEMATIC ARTICLES • THEMATIC ARTICLES • THEMATIC ARTICLES

World Aquaculture - The Next 20 Years

quaculture is a thriving and case of poultry farming? Although with complementary feeding Aimportant food supply sector it is estimated that 80 percent of behaviors were stocked in fertilized worldwide, and yet is capable current aquaculture production is ponds, mainly carps species. This of much more expansion and derived from animals low in the form of production is slowly giving improvement. The main question food chain such as herbivorous, way to other farmed fish species is - will aquaculture be able to omnivorous fish and molluscs, and crustacean production that is meet expectations to provide an some systems rely partially, or heavily, if not exclusively, reliant additional 40 million tonnes of in some specific phase of their on feeds. Key drivers of this trend fish per year by 2030? This is the production cycle - fully, on artificial have been the rising land prices level of production which will compounds feeds. and the higher revenues obtained be needed to maintain current Among the many benefits that from those systems, which makes levels of fish consumption for aquaculture provide for society, feeds affordable (Beveridge et al., an expanding world population. and one of its main driver as a food 2013). On the other hand, a recent Aquaculture is a relatively young producing sector, is the example study performed an analysis which activity showing substantive from Asian countries on combining demonstrated that suitable space growth as a commercial viable paddy rice with aquaculture. Here for developing marine aquaculture activity since the 70’s. Scale of some of the practices employed is not the limiting factor for production is very variable, what today have been shown to increase aquaculture development, but lessons can be learned from productivity, producing more with economics and governance regions and countries where less, to help satisfy the demand of can be one of the main growth aquaculture has matured into an a rising and increasingly urbanized impediments. This suggests that industrial production scale. Can we global population. vast amount of space suitable for also bring in good examples from marine aquaculture is available other similar agrosectors, e.g. the Along within these issues, we presenting an opportunity for have been observing an increase countries to develop aquaculture in aquaculture productivity, in a way that aligns with their among other things, due to the economic, environmental and intensification of production Written by: social objectives (Gentry et al. methods. In Asia, small-scale 2017). Rodrigo Roubach traditional pond aquaculture FAO Fisheries and Aquaculture used to be the main driver of We have been registering a Department, Rome, Italy aquaculture production where a strong annual aquaculture growth E-mail: [email protected] range of low trophic level species (around 5 percent) worldwide

44 FAO AQUACULTURE NEWSLETTER No. 59 ■ OCTOBER 2018 come from reduction fisheries (fish meal and fish oil) reported to account for over 30 percent of global landings of marine fish annually (Alder et al. 2008). As aquaculture expands we will be faced with new and different challenges such as the uncertainties due to climate change scenarios, ocean acidification, systems intensification, prevalence of existing and emerging diseases. One way to keep ahead of those challenges, fulfilling

©FAO/F. MASSA FAO’s role for the development Floating cages in Cyprus of the aquaculture sector, is THEMATIC ARTICLES further and stronger country in the last 20 years. Moreover, industry. In the near future these and regional engagement in despite the fact that around will include, among others: the Blue Growth Initiatives. A strong 60 percent of the fish grown use of transgenic plant(s) to driver in this will be better public- are in the non-fed systems, i.e. produce and accumulate omega-3 private partnerships in different fish or aquatic organisms do not fatty acids in their seeds with aquaculture capacities and depend on external feed supply. the addition of synthetic genes scenarios, where we can use the But one of the main issues still based on those present in marine best methods and technology faced to aquaculture growth, and phytoplankton (Ruiz-Lopez et al. available to those that still lack the its capacity to fulfill the fish gap 2014); new sources of protein and capacity but have the potential needed to achieve the projected omega-3 fatty acids; insect based to develop a strong aquaculture 2030 demand, is how to provide meals; single cell proteins; bacterial sector. the growing need for fish meal protein; synthetic food; and and fish oil without relying on functional aquafeeds. It will be necessary to increase to obtaining it from the wild our knowledge base focusing on A key trend is that we will likely fish stocks, or better yet, how regional priorities and demands. In see strong growth towards those to not rely at all from those. We national policies and programmes, fish and crustaceans fed in semi already have all the background we will need to use best-case, intensive and intensive systems, and science needed in order to science based scenarios, to due mainly to improving market produce a zero fishmeal and implement useful policies by prices, as producers seek higher fish oil diet, using other sources. country, increase capacity building returns. We also need to have What is needed now is a strong with in the field trainings of a different approach in order to commitment from the aquaculture trainees, all closely aligned and have a sustainable outcome in the sector, and specifically, from the integrat with the goals and targets foreseeable future, where current feed manufacturers, to translate of the UN 2030 Agenda for availability share of the ingredients existing technology and start Sustainable Development. to venture in those alternatives sources in order to accomplish this SEE ALSO fish feed free from fishmeal and fish oil. Further still, to guarantee Alder, J., Campbell, B., Karpouzi, V., Kaschner, K., Pauly, D. 2008. Forage Fish: From Ecosystems to Markets. Annual Review of Environment and that all the nutritious quality from Resources, 33: 153-166. those fish products fed and raised Beveridge, M.C.M., Thilsted, S.H., Phillips, M.J., Metian, M., Troell, M. & with those alternative sources is Hall, S.J. 2013. Meeting the food and nutrition needs of the poor: The role not compromised and is still of of fish and the opportunities and challenges emerging from the rise of aquaculture. Journal of Fish Biology, 83(4): 1067-1084. adequate quantity, similar or better Gentry, R.R., Froehlich, H.E., Grimm, D., Kareiva, P., Parke, M., Rust, M., than the products derived from the Gaines, S.D. & Halpern, B.S. 2017. Mapping the global potential for marine wild. aquaculture. Nature Ecology & Evolution, 1: 1317-1324. In this new world order we will Ruiz-Lopez, N., Haslam, R.P., Napier, J.A., Sayanova, O. 2014. Successful high-level accumulation of fish oil omega-3 long-chain polyunsaturated probably see some emerging fatty acids in a transgenic oilseed crop, 77(2):198-208. trends in the aquaculture feed

FAO AQUACULTURE NEWSLETTER No. 59 ■ OCTOBER 2018 45 Preparation of the State of the World Report on Aquatic Genetic Resources

quatic genetic resources followed by a second report a the future. It is hoped that the A(AqGR) are fundamental decade later2. Similar reports have country reports will become to the future of global fisheries been published on animal genetic national policy and guidance and aquaculture, their effective resources (FAO, 20073 and 20154) documents. management is critical to the and forest genetic resources (FAO, future health and adaptive 20145). These reports have raised The process capacity of our fishery stocks and awareness of the value of genetic The Report is based on country they are the resource on which resources for food and agriculture responses to a questionnaire the future of aquaculture will be and acted as catalysts for further completed by National Focal developed. FAO Member countries work, including in some cases, the Points (NFPs). In the lead up to the already report on the aquatic development of Global Plans of distribution of the questionnaire, species that are being farmed. Action, which have contributed to regional workshops were held to However there are numerous the more effective management of train NFPs to enhance capacities to farmed types below the level of these resources. accurately and fully complete the species that make aquaculture 6 In 2007 Members of the questionnaire. The questionnaire more productive and profitable, Commission recommended is comprehensive and relatively which are not well recorded or the development of a report time consuming, but eventually reported. on the State of the World’s responses were received from FAO, including its Commission Aquatic Genetic Resources 92 member countries, whose on Genetic Resources for for Food and Agriculture (the geographical distribution is shown Food and Agriculture (the Report), with a focus on species in the accompanying chart. These THEMATIC ARTICLES THEMATIC Commission), the Fisheries and used in aquaculture and their countries represented more than Aquaculture Department and wild relatives, within national 96 percent of global aquaculture other departments, has long been jurisdiction. A decade later this production and over 80 percent actively engaged in promoting Report is about to be published. of capture fishery production, and the conservation, sustainable included the top ten aquaculture use and development of genetic The purpose of the State of the producing countries. The questions resources. The first State of the World Report covered eight key issues around AqGR which form the basis of World Report, on plant genetic There are two major objectives 1 the main chapters of the Report resources, was published in 1997 in the preparation of the Report. (see Figure 1). Firstly to raise awareness of the status and importance The challenge of non-standard of countries’ aquatic genetic Written by: nomenclature resources (AqGR). Secondly the Graham Mair* Report itself provides a snapshot One of the challenges in E-mail: [email protected] of the current global status of completing the questionnaire, and Devin Bartley AqGR which can be used as a also in preparing the Report, was World Fisheries Trust (Canada) and reference point for planning the lack of harmonization of some Michigan State University (USA) and management now and in key terminology. For example, E-mail: [email protected] Austin Stankus* 1 FAO. 1997. The State of the World’s Plant Genetic Resources for Food and Agriculture. Rome. www.fao.org/3/a-w7324e.pdf E-mail: [email protected] 2 FAO. 2010. The Second Report on the State of the World’s Plant Genetic Resources for Food Daniela Lucente* and Agriculture. Rome. www.fao.org/docrep/013/i1500e/i1500e.pdf E-mail: [email protected] 3 FAO. 2007. The State of the World’s Animal Genetic Resources for Food and Agriculture. Rome. www.fao.org/3/a-a1260e.pdf Matthias Halwart* 4 FAO. 2015. The Second Report on The State of the World’s Animal Genetic Resources For E-mail: [email protected] Food and Agriculture. Rome. www.fao.org/3/a-i4787e.pdf 5 FAO. 2014. State of the World’s Forest Genetic Resources. Rome. www.fao.org/3/a-i3825e.pdf * FAO Fisheries and Aquaculture 6 www.fao.org/3/a-bp506e.pdf Department, Rome, Italy 7 FAO. 2016. Incorporating Genetic Diversity and Indicators into Statistics and Monitoring of Farmed Aquatic Species and Their Wild Relatives. Rome. www.fao.org/3/a-i6373e.pdf

46 FAO AQUACULTURE NEWSLETTER No. 59 ■ OCTOBER 2018 aquaculture strains can be referred to variously Figure 1 – The key issues examined in the Report as stocks, populations, breeds, lines, land races etc. In preparing the Report we have attempted to standardize some of this terminology, including a relatively new term “Farmed Type” (see Table 1) drawing on the outputs of an expert workshop on ‘Incorporating Genetic Diversity and Indicators into Statistics and THEMATIC ARTICLES Monitoring of Farmed Aquatic Species and Their Wild Relatives’ (FAO, 7 2016 ). characteristics of AqGR identified AqGR, i.e. the high proportion of in the Report: ‘wild types’ that are farmed. The key characteristics of AqGR – The large number of species – The important dependency on In preparing the Report, and farmed. Wild Relatives in both fisheries comparing it with the State of the – The relatively small numbers and aquaculture. World reports for other sectors, of developed farmed types – Many populations of wild it is possible to identify some of (see Table 2). relatives are declining in the wild. the key characteristics of AqGR – Paucity of information on AqGR – The high levels of genetic and how they contrast with those below species level. variation present in domesticated of other agricultural sectors. The – The relative infancy of AqGR relative to other sectors. following are some of the key development of domesticated

Table 1 – Some of the key definitions standardized in the report

Term Definition Farmed type Farmed aquatic organisms that could be a strain, hybrid, triploid, monosex group, other genetically altered form, variety or wild type. Strain A farmed type of aquatic species having homogeneous appearance (phenotype), homogeneous behaviour and/or other characteristics that distinguish it from other organisms of the same species and that can be maintained by propagation. Stock A group of similar organisms in the wild that share a common characteristic that distinguishes them from other organisms at a given scale of resolution. Variety A plant or grouping of plants (including aquatic plants) selected for desirable characteristics that can be maintained by propagation and have characteristics that easily distinguish it from any other known variety; the variety must retain these characteristics under repeated propagation. Wild relative An organism of the same species as a farmed organism (conspecific) found and established in the wild, i.e. not in aquaculture facilities.

Table 2 – Table summarizing some of the key features of genetic resources in the different sectors of food and agriculture

Sector Genetic Resources Farmed Number of major farmed species Number of strains/breeds/varieties Plant 6 000 9a ~7 400 000 Livestock 37 5 ~9 000 Forests 7 900 2 400b ~700 Aquatic Genetic Resources 554 17c N/A a These species make up 2/3 of crop production (FAO, 2017)*; b Forest trees actively managed for the products they supply; c These species make up 2/3 of aquaculture production; * FAO. 2017. FAOSTAT. [Cited 8 May 2018]. www.fao.org/faostat

FAO AQUACULTURE NEWSLETTER No. 59 ■ OCTOBER 2018 47 Figure 2 – Map showing the countries reporting on their Aquatic Genetic Resources via the questionnaire

– AqGR are often a common types to develop a registry of Commission and COFI (and resource and access and farmed types, to promote the use its various bodies) in their benefit sharing systems are of standard terminology, and to forthcoming sessions. A Global underdeveloped. document how genetic resources. Plan of Action could be an – Relatively few ex situ The Intergovernmental Technical effective instrument to promote conservation programs and Working Group on AqGR the conservation, sustainable the importance of in situ (ITWG-AqGR), held a meeting use and development of AqGR THEMATIC ARTICLES THEMATIC conservation. in April 2018, recommending to address the challenge – Limited capacity in AqGR the development of a Global of a growing population, management, sustainable use Plan of Action to promote the changes in consumer demand, and conservation relative to conservation, sustainable use and competition for resources, habitat other sectors. development of Aquatic Genetic degradation and loss and the – National policies and legislation Resources, a recommendation direct and indirect effects of often do not explicitly include that will be considered by the climate change. AqGR.

The launch of Report and next steps The Report is currently being reviewed by FAO and international experts including the FAO Committee on Fisheries (COFI) Advisory Working Group on Aquatic Genetic Resources and Technologies and is expected to be launched late 2018 or early 2019. FAO hopes that the Report will stimulate further development and sustainable use of AqGR in an environmentally and socially responsible manner. Efforts are

currently underway to use the ©FAO/D. LUCENTE information in the Report to There are many farmed types referred to in the country reports, such as these develop a registry of farmed red tilapia, but do we know if they represent true strains?

48 FAO AQUACULTURE NEWSLETTER No. 59 ■ OCTOBER 2018 Lesson to be learned from Aquaculture Development in China: Human resources, Technology innovation, Extension and Governance

he State of the World’s TFisheries and Aquaculture (FAO, 2018) states that global aquaculture production (including aquatic plants) in 2016 was

110.2 million tonnes. China THEMATIC ARTICLES produced 49.24 million tonnes of food fish in 2016, representing 61.5 percent of total world production). China is by far the major producer of farmed food fish, producing more than the rest of the world combined every year since 1991. Aquaculture’s ©FAO/J. CAI Nursing tilapia fry, China share of total Chinese seafood production has steadily increased to 73.7 percent in 2016, and this establishment of aquaculture the rapid and massive expansion proportion is expected to expand production bases; promotion of aquaculture in China and further (FAO, 2018). of sustainable aquaculture identifies lessons that we can development; continuous learn in promoting aquaculture Aquaculture development in adjustments in the structure development in other regions. China: the role of public sector of the aquaculture sector. The These are the following: (i) the policies policies further addressed specific human resources; (ii) research FAO Fisheries Technical Paper 427 needs through a specialized and technology innovation; (Hishamunda and Subasinghe, agencies leading, inter alia, to: (iii) extension service; and 2003), summarized the policies establishment of a good legal, (iv) aquaculture governance. that have underpinned regulatory and administrative aquaculture development Human resources and capacity frameworks for aquaculture in China over the last three building management and development; decades. These policies provided Employment in aquaculture emphasis on research, strong guidance and support to management and production is technological development and fast and sustainable aquaculture an essential factor in aquaculture information dissemination; and development. The policies development. If there is not promotion of high commercial included: the development enough number and quality of value species. of employment resources; labourers and technicians for aquaculture as a priority; Analysing the current employment then aquaculture development status and gaps development would constrained that exist between China and and would deliver poor results, no other developing countries, it matter how good the policy or is evident that there are basic how high the investment. Written by: policy components that need China started professional Xinhua Yuan to be emphasized in support training courses on aquaculture FAO Fisheries and Aquaculture of aquaculture development. dating back to 1910. Tianjin Department, Rome, Italy This article examines the key E-mail: [email protected] and Shanghai, the two major elements that have underpinned coastal cities in China, were

FAO AQUACULTURE NEWSLETTER No. 59 ■ OCTOBER 2018 49 the first places to establish vocational schools for fisheries and aquaculture. In 1946, Shandong University established its department of fisheries, which was the first faculty for fisheries and aquaculture in China. Now there are 52 universities in China providing bachelor degrees and higher education programs in aquaculture, and there are about 4 000 graduates each year. In addition there are more than 40 vocational schools across the ©FAO/J. CAI Harvesting tilapia from a pond, China country that provide programs on aquaculture in China, and innovation and development. They are allocated from central train about 6 000 personnel Apart from the universities, the government to the town/village and labourers annually. This Chinese Academy of Sciences level, and help farmers in realizing well-established education (CAS) is leading the fundamental their dream in doing aquaculture system contributes to important science and technology research as business. human resources in sustainable on hydrobiology and marine Modern aquaculture business aquaculture industry research and ecosystems. The Chinese Academy development requires farmers development in China. of Fishery Sciences (CAFS) is the to form their own businesses national lead institution in fishery Research and technology fulfilling specific roles in the and aquaculture research and innovation production/value chain. This technology innovation. CAFS Aquaculture research is a kind promotes efficiency in job has nine research institutes and of applied research on new allocation and utilization of four pilot stations, geographically THEMATIC ARTICLES THEMATIC technology adoption, testing of natural resources in the country. scattered near major rivers and innovated aquaculture species, China has established five seas in China. There are also production system models, etc. modern aquaculture technology provincial and private research The success of aquaculture innovation and support systems, agencies for aquaculture practice depends greatly on funded by government, i.e. technology demonstration and the full understanding of the conventional carps, tilapia, extension. At present there are biology, physical chemistry, and shrimps, shellfish, and flat fishe. more than 3 000 specialized local situations and conditions. A Led by a chief scientists and professional experts from research successful aquaculture business several principal scientists from institutes engaged in aquaculture also depends on species and recognized research institutes research and development strains, water, land, breeding, or universities, each extension in China. They are the major feeding and the strength of the system is supported by a national contributors to the development market, as well as acceptance by network of researchers, extension of local aquaculture technology the local community. Evaluation officers plus farms/hatcheries, and best practice establishment. and eventual success of any feed manufactures and processing new approaches, species and/or Extension service and modern companies. The systems cover the production models relies on good aquaculture system major cultured species in China, quality basic and applied research Due to the imbalance of i.e. conventional carp species, to verify practical and commercial information in the aquaculture high-value freshwater species feasibility before any scaling up production/value chain, farmers (include tilapia), flatfish and and commercialisation occurs in need efficient and adequate other marine finfish, marine and the country. technical support from extension freshwater shrimps and molluscs. officers. China has the biggest The extension systems focus on There are national, provincial aquaculture extension system the policy, quality seed supply, and private research agencies in the world, there are about feed, aquatic animal health in China. Universities and 60 000 professional aquaculture management, grow-out systems, research institutions provide extension officers in China. processing, marketing, as well as strong support in technology

50 FAO AQUACULTURE NEWSLETTER No. 59 ■ OCTOBER 2018 in a rational aquaculture research mechanisms way. There and capacity, including to are priorities extension programmes. Improved on developing aquaculture governance will lead ecosystem- to increases in the aquaculture based production chain to benefit more aquaculture, people who have the potential to further build aquaculture as a business strengthening leading to poverty reduction and the building rural development worldwide. ©FAO/J. CAI Sorting tilapia fingerlings for sale, China of aquatic (marine and the organization and support for inland) protected areas and REFERENCES production and value chains. special protected water areas De Silva, S.S, Phillips, M.J, Sih, (SPWA), and progressively Improved aquaculture Y.S. & Zhou, X.W. 2001. Human

establishing self-sustaining THEMATIC ARTICLES governance resources development for aquaculture ecosystems. The sustainable aquaculture in the new Aquaculture governance transformation of operation millennium. Plenary Lecture IV. includes zoning, planning, In R.P. Subasinghe, P. Bueno, M.J. modes should be accelerated monitoring and inspection, food Phillips, C. Hough, S.E. McGladdery and progress guided towards & J.R. Arthur, eds. Aquaculture quality control, and monitoring large-scale and sustainable in the Third Millennium. Technical and management of social Proceedings of the Conference development. By promoting the and ecological environment on Aquaculture in the Third concept of integrated multi- Millennium, Bangkok, Thailand, 20- impact. China improved its trophic aquaculture (IMTA), it will 25 February 2000. pp. 43-48. NACA, aquaculture governance capacity Bangkok and FAO, Rome. be necessary to actively explore and knowledge along with FAO. 2018. The State of World popularization of ecosystem- its development of modern Fisheries and Aquaculture based aquaculture and, to search aquaculture s. Issues such as 2018 - Meeting the sustainable for new routes for upgrading development goals. Rome. better zoning and planning have extensive aquaculture, so as to L. Zou, S. Huang. 2015. Chinese been extended from the major fully display the food provision aquaculture in light of green production areas to areas across growth. Aquaculture Reports and eco-service functions of China. Law enforcement teams 2:pp46–49. aquaculture systems, and create for monitoring and inspection Machena, C. & Moehl, J. a modern aquaculture production 2001. Sub-Saharan African have been extended from the system. aquaculture: regional summary. central government down to In R.P. Subasinghe, P. Bueno, M.J. the level of the township. Food In conclusion, aquaculture Phillips, C. Hough, S.E. McGladdery quality control and traceability has development is a policy driven & J.R. Arthur, eds. Aquaculture in the Third Millennium. Technical been extended from the major industry. Policy drivers have been Proceedings of the Conference export farms now to all farms, improved in many countries in on Aquaculture in the Third and from processing to the whole Asia and other regions. Based on Millennium, Bangkok, Thailand, 20-25 February 2000. pp. 341-355. production chain. analysis and observation in less NACA, Bangkok and FAO, Rome. aquaculture developed countries, Recently, China has paid Nathanael Hishamunda, Rohana these seem to place less priority more attention and prioritised P. Subasinghe. 2003. Aquaculture on policy to support production Development in China: the role of ecological sustainability in and industry development. public sector policies, FAO fisheries aquaculture development by technical paper 427: 56 pp. Extracting lessons from the publishing policies and guidelines Tang Q, Ding X, Liu S, etc. 2014. successful experience from on ecological and environment Strategy and task for green and China, there is a need to enhance sustainable development of friendly aquaculture practices. training/education programs to Chinese aquaculture, China Fishery There is a recognized need Economics, 32 (1): pp: 6-14. support growth and quality in to conduct carrying capacity Zamal, Hossain and Das, Uzzal aquaculture employment. There is evaluations for all major Kanti and Barua, Prabal. 2008. also a need for capacity building Human Resources Development aquaculture areas in China, for management and production for Sustainable Aquaculture in in order to set up a modern personnel. Further, support Bangladesh. Social Change, 1(2), aquaculture planning system, and pp. 11-33. should be provided to improve promote large-scale development

FAO AQUACULTURE NEWSLETTER No. 59 ■ OCTOBER 2018 51 MISCELLANEOUS ©FAO MISCELLANEOUS • MISCELLANEOUS • MISCELLANEOUS • MISCELLANEOUS • MISCELLANEOUS • MISCELLANEOUS

Conservation and Management of Aquatic Genetic Resources: Technical Exchange Visits between Zambia and Hungary

AO organized and facilitated the major gaps, limitations and support to the Department of Fa bilateral technical exchange needs for their conservation, Fisheries (DoF) of the Zambia between Zambia and Hungary as sustainable use and development. Ministry of Fisheries and Livestock a core activity of the FAO project during reciprocal exchange visits. Zambia is recently experiencing titled “Enhancing the contribution The expected output was that, a rapid expansion of aquaculture of Aquatic Genetic Resources to through this technical support, and the Government is investing food security”. The project was the DoF will increase its capacity efforts towards a responsible led by FAO with the support of to sustainably develop, manage development of national AqGR. the German Government and was and use the national AqGR. For this reason the country was developed to meet the requests considered as an ideal target for The first technical visit took place of member countries for support the implementation of the FAO from 25 February - 09 March in the assessment of the current project. 2018 when a delegation of three status of their Aquatic Genetic Hungarian geneticists travelled Resources (AqGR) and to identify Based on these premises, to Zambia. Activities consisted the following three top-level of field visits to Government Hungarian institutions with facilities, universities and private expertise in gene conservation, farms, including: the National Written by: selective breeding programmes Aquaculture Research and and scientific research on AqGR Daniela Lucente Development Centre (NARDC) E-mail: [email protected] have been engaged in the which is supported and managed Austin Stankus project: the Research Center for by the DoF; the University of E-mail: [email protected] Farm Animal Gene Conservation Zambia; Kafue Fisheries farm, Graham Mair (HáGK), the Szent István University Kalimba Fish farms, Miyenge E-mail: [email protected] and the Research Institute for farm, Msekese Fisheries farm. Matthias Halwart Fisheries and Aquaculture (HAKI). E-mail: [email protected] To carry out a detailed analysis Experts from the Hungarian FAO Fisheries and Aquaculture of national gaps and needs Department, Rome, Italy institutes provided technical related to AqGR, the Hungarian

52 FAO AQUACULTURE NEWSLETTER No. 59 ■ OCTOBER 2018 Based on lessons learned, at the end of the mission, the Zambian delegation was able to identify possible gaps in ongoing projects on AqGR in their country and make proposals on how to use the acquired knowledge to address the recommendations made by Hungarian delegation during the first visit exchange held in February 2018. This technical exchange laid the ©FAO/D. LUCENTE ground for possible following-up Fish harvesting in a fishpond collaborations among the two countries and some follow-up geneticists used a technical establishment of a gene bank for actions were discussed. First, the guideline previously developed by a long-term maintenance of the Zambian delegation expressed

FAO under the same project and genetic variability of main species MISCELLANEOUS the intention to explore the entitled “Framework of minimum used in national aquaculture. opportunity to organize a study requirements for sustainable use, In the second mission of the tour to Hungary for selected management and conservation technical exchange, a delegation top government officials from of aquatic genetic resources of of three Zambian national officers Zambian Ministry of Fisheries relevance for aquaculture”. This from DoF went to Hungary, in and Livestock. Second, the Szent exercise was also used to further May 2018. During this study István University proposed an test the effectiveness of the tour, the delegation was trained International Credit Mobility Framework as a tool to determine in broodstock management programme as a possible way for the current status of a country in and breeding programs and the two countries to exchange the development of its AqGR. conservation of AqGR through PhD students and teaching staff. At the end of this first visit, the: collection of DNA samples; An in-depth analysis of national a half-day workshop on Passive Integrated Transponder gaps and needs as well as “Management of the Aquatic (PIT) tagging of individuals the lack of technical skills and Genetic Resources” was organized maintained in a ex situ in vivo specialized resource persons are by FAO where the Hungarian gene bank; hands-on laboratory among the major constraints experts presented their findings work needed for genetic to an efficient use of the AqGR and made recommendations on characterization; cryopreservation in developing countries such conservation of AqGR in Zambia. of sperm for an in vitro gene as Zambia. Fostering fruitful Some of the key recommendations bank; field visit to private farms; bilateral cooperation can offer a include: (i) a substantial genetic electrofishing demonstrations valuable contribution to national characterization of individuals used in different natural habitat; and stakeholders, such as the Zambian in breeding programs and (ii) the lectures on gene conservation. DoF, to overcome country limits to a sustainable scaling up of aquaculture.

SEE ALSO

Lucente, D., Stankus, A., Halwart, M. & Bartley, D. 2018. Necessary elements for the development and management of genetic resources in aquaculture. FAO Aquaculture Newsletter, No. 58, pp 52–53. Aquatic genetic resources website: www.fao.org/aquatic-genetic- ©FAO/D. LUCENTE resources Training on electrofishing

FAO AQUACULTURE NEWSLETTER No. 59 ■ OCTOBER 2018 53 MISCALLANEOUSMISCELLANEOUS A 54 FAO AQUACULTURE NEWSLETTER No.59 and Fisheries Abstracts (ASFA) Approaching Years Fifty of the Aquatic Sciences To illustratethecoverageof by ASFAPartnersaroundtheworld. been carefully curated and recorded bibliographic recordsthathave two hundredthousandaquaculture The ASFAdatabasecontainsover ASFA andaquaculture fifty? ask: anniversary itfeltappropriateto ASFA approachingits50thyear challenging. Forthisreason,with and trustfulinformationcanbe ever before-butfindinguseful more informationthan people haveaccessto and Googlehasmeant advent oftheinternet researching athesis.The making decisionsor international policy- manuals, making guidelines, technical compiling bestpractice work -whetherthatbe aspects ofaquaculture – – database: of possiblesearchresultsinthe aquaculture inASFAhereisalist Department, Rome,Italy FAO FisheriesandAquaculture E-mail: [email protected] Maria Kalentsits E-mail: [email protected] Paula Anton E-mail: [email protected] Tamsin Vicary Written by:

published withinlast12 months) Aquaculture -786results(24 Integrated andMulti-Trophic last 12months) 369 results(8publishedwithin Aquaculture andBiosecurity- is vitalforall ccess toinformation What shouldASFAlooklikeat

Participants atthe ASFA Advisory Board MeetinginOstend, Belgium held its47 The ASFAAdvisoryBoard(ABM) ASFA AdvisoryBoardMeeting – – – – Project OfficeforInternational Oceanographic Commission (IOC) Meeting attheIntergovernmental

more than2500000records. Published since1971,theASFA database atpresentcontains time consumingtofind,ismadeavailableononedatabase. literature frominstitutionsthatwouldoftenbedifficult or The uniquepartnershiparrangementofASFA ensures conference proceedings,translationsandgreyliterature. over 3 000serialpublications,inadditiontobooks,reports, international networkofinformationcentersmonitoring Input totheASFA databaseisprovided byagrowing this field. bearing inmindthespecialinterestsofdevelopingcountries information totheworldcommunityofaquaticscientists, aquatic sciences.TheoverallobjectiveofASFA istodisseminate the premierreferenceinfieldofaquaculture,fisheriesand The AquaticSciencesandFisheriesAbstracts(ASFA) databaseis What isASFA? Aquaculture andClimateChange within last12months) 10 630 results(83published Aquaculture andGenetics- within last12months) Prebiotics -1524(67published Aquaculture andProbiotics/ published withinlast12 months). Mapping) -1346results(18 Aquaculture and(GISor within last12 months) - 1992results(81 published th AnnualBoard ■ OCTOBER

2018 environment. an increasinglycompetitiveglobal relevant informationproduct in vital toensuringASFAremains a saying theneedforchangewas who addressedpartnersby Statistics andInformationBranch, Taconet, HeadofFAOFishery thoughts wereechoedbyMarc students andscientists.His scholar amongresearchers, by theproliferationofGoogle outlining thechallengespresented for IODE),openedthemeetingby of theUNESCO/IOCProjectOffice Belgium. PeterPissierssens(Head from 11-15June2018inOstend, Information Exchange(IODE), Oceanographic Dataand

@FAO countries and partners being concentrated on enriching the data base with grey literature and hidden information. At the heart of these changes is the need to meet the information needs of scientists, researchers and students, decision makers, aquaculture and fisheries officers, and private sector. The next ASFA Board Meeting is scheduled to take place in September 2019. We hope by

@FAO then to have made progress Global map of ASFA’s geographical coverage on the above points and that ASFA will be well on its way The ASFA ABM was attended come up with concrete actions for

to celebrating its 50th year MISCELLANEOUS by 36 participants representing ASFA: anniversary in 2021 as a valued 33 partners (28 National ASFA – More analysis to understand and useful information product. Partners, 2 UN ASFA Partners, and meet the needs of end 2 International ASFA Partners, users. SEE ALSO the ASFA Publishing Partner) – Build a stable partnership of partners who had a great deal of partners around the globe. ASFA website: enthusiasm and expertise to meet – Cover more literature on www.fao.org/fishery/asfa these challenges and worked its database, potentially by For further information contact: during the whole meeting to harvesting records from [email protected]

Aquaculture Production and Marketing in the Roman Empire

umans have been farming Haquatic species since the beginning of history. The origins of aquaculture may not be too far different in time from those of agriculture and livestock production @V.CRESPI Ancient Roman artificial caves in Ponza Island (Central Tyrrhenian Sea) used to Written by: farm Mediterranean moray (Muraena helena) José Fernandez Polanco Visiting scientist during the Neolithic revolution. the Middle East. Tilapia farming FAO Fisheries and Aquaculture Different forms of fish stocking and is evidenced by archaeological Department, Rome, Italy farming were present during the findings and described by E-mail: [email protected] rise of early civilizations in Asia and Herodotus in the second book

FAO AQUACULTURE NEWSLETTER No. 59 ■ OCTOBER 2018 55 of his “History”, written in late income and an opportunity for a the conditions and technical 5th century BC. In the succeeding profitable business for land owners requirements for successful centuries the Mediterranean in coastal areas. Varro and Pliny aquaculture. Farm location, civilizations undertook a process of report several tales of economic pond design, species selection cultural exchange boosted by the success. Perhaps the best know and nutrition were the critical development of trade and military example of success was the oyster factors identified and discussed by conquests. Such a process of early farmer Sergio Orata, an engineer Columella. Following the advice of ‘globalization’ culminated with the in the first century BC, who made this writer, a successful investment whole Mediterranean Sea under a big profit by promoting oyster in fish farming would need to have Roman control during the reign consumption across the senatorial optimal access to water resources; of Augustus (27 BC-14 AD). The class and highlighted the special build ponds of appropriate process of Romanization did not conditions of his farms in Lake dimensions allowing continued just transfer Roman values and Licrino as an incipient example water renewal; select the correct lifestyle to the communities under of the use of geographical species according to environmental their control, but also served also differentiation as a marketing tool. conditions and acceptance of as a vehicle for sharing knowledge On the other side there is also captivity, and feed the fish with the and technology across the different the case of General Lucullus who food of the pertinent composition nations ruled under the Roman spent an incommensurable amount and characteristics according to Empire. of money in building a system the different species. Regarding of ponds on his property which nutrition, Columella recommended It is thought that aquaculture resulted in a financial ruin for his to feed the fish well enough to was playing a role in the Roman family after Lucullus’ death. avoid them being identified as food industry and markets, as farmed fish in the market which early as the late first century BC. Along the variety of fish farmed by would be accompanied by a Evidence of active and potentially the Romans, lamprey and moray corresponding decrease in the profitable aquaculture activity can eels the most popular across the price and thus profits. It seems that be seen in archaeological remains accommodated class. Fish farming some sort of consumer’s prejudice all over the empire like the fish also became a fancy for the very

MISCELLANEOUS against farmed fish was already farms of S’Argamassa in Spain or rich citizens with properties at the present in Roman times! Lambousa in Cyprus, as well as in coast. Ponds from which fresh contemporary written documents. fish could be directly harvested for Not much information exists on the Evidence of aquaculture is not just the daily meal became a popular state of aquaculture production noted in written sources but also feature in Roman villas. Fish in the Centuries after Columella exhaustively described in the most farming also has its place in the wrote his treatise, until the fall of celebrated ancient Roman treaties chronicle of Roman cruelty with Rome in 5th century AD. It is known of biology and agriculture. The tales about the use of lamprey that carps were introduced from main references about technology, ponds for punishing slaves by Asia and carp farming in inland production and marketing of throwing them in the ponds or the waters was undertaken during the aquaculture species are found in reference to moray eel skin used as Late Empire. Following the fall of Varro’s (116-27 BC) “Agricultural an optimal raw material for lashes. Rome most of the industries and Topics in Three Books”, in the knowledge were lost and only Beyond tales of business success book IX of Pliny the Elder (23 AD- preserved in Christian monasteries, and failure, Roman writers also 79 AD) “Natural History”, and from where aquaculture grew paid attention to the production in Columella’s book VII “On again in the Middle Ages. aspects of aquaculture and Agriculture”. All these works have been preserved complete until our days. From these three authors we now know that Roman aquaculture had several different motivations. The most evident was the strong consumption of seafood among the population, especially among the upper classes. Such volumes

of demand and high prices made ©OKYANUS AKVARYUM aquaculture a potential source of Mediterranean moray (Muraena helena)

56 FAO AQUACULTURE NEWSLETTER No. 59 ■ OCTOBER 2018 NEW STAFF PROFILES

Oluwafemi Ajayi Roxane Misk Consultant, Aquaculture Intern, Aquaculture Branch Branch Roxane, a Belgian and Lebanese National, A national of Nigeria, Oluwafemi has recently joined the FAO in Rome joined the FAO Aquaculture Branch in for a 7-month internship. Roxane holds Rome as a consultant in October 2018. a Bachelor in Political Sciences and a Among other things, he will be working double Master in International Relations Hao Bin on sustainability of nutrition-sensitive and Global Studies from “Université integrated agriculture-aquaculture Libre de Bruxelles”, Belgium and Associate Professional Offcer, systems, and identification of gaps LUISS Guido Carli, Rome, Italy. Roxane STAFF NEW PROFILES Aquaculture Branch and needs regarding alternative feed is interested in Gender Studies and ingredients in aquaculture, including Environment, and during her studies, A national of China, Dr Hao holds a the nutritional composition and quality she analyzed security issues, armed B.Sc. in Biology from Harbin Institute of of major aquatic food. Prior to this role, conflicts and globalization before writing Technology in China, a Ph.D. in Marine he was an Intern in the Nutrition and her thesis on the construction and the Biology from Institute of Oceanology, Food Systems Division of FAO where deconstruction of the concept of Gender Chinese Academy of Sciences. During he worked on nutrition education by Pope Francis on the International his doctorate period, his study focused and food loss reduction strategies. scene. She would like to improve her on aquatic disease prevention and Before he joined FAO, he worked with knowledge on fisheries and rice fish control, including bacterial pathogenic the WorldFish Center on the nutritional farming, but also her communication mechanism, vaccine development & role of small indigenous fish species on skills developed in various ways during evaluation, as well as prudent use of the dietary diversity of communities university, including the management of antibiotics in aquaculture. Then he around Lake Bangweulu, Zambia. the photography and fundraising for the conducted a four-year post-doctoral Based on his work in Zambia with the Law Faculty Association in ULB, helping research at Institute of Microbiology, WorldFish Center, he was selected to with the organization of charity events Chinese Academy of Sciences. During be a part of the 2017 Next Generation for cancer and working debate tables. this period, he mainly studied the Delegate of the Chicago Council on During her term at FAO, Roxane will antimicrobial resistance (AMR) Global Affairs’ to the Global Food focus on the report of gender dimension mechanisms, detection and its effect on Security Summit. He is also affiliated to within the social impact of aquaculture biosecurity in aquaculture process. He the Barilla Center for Food and Nutrition and contributing to ensure the gender successfully carried out a project on “the as an Alumnus of the Young Earth dimension in aquaculture development. Vertical Migration and Ecological Effects Solutions to foster sustainable solutions of Tetracycline and Florfenicol in the to global nutritional issues, especially Roxane can be reached at: Sediment of Marine Aquaculture Area”, the triple burden of malnutrition. [email protected] which was funded by the national Natural Oluwafemi holds a Bachelor degree Science Foundation, in order to explore in Food Science and Technology from the migration and ecological effect of the Federal University of Agriculture antibiotics used in aquaculture. Abeokuta, an MSc in Food Technology He recently joined FAO after his from the University of Ibadan, both in assignment as officer in the Division of Nigeria. He attended a training module International Cooperation of Chinese on Experimental Aquaculture at the Academy of Fishery Sciences, the national Thunen Institute of Fisheries Ecology, lead scientific research institution of Arhensburg, Germany and obtained fisheries and aquaculture in China. his second MSc degree in Organic And more recently, he served as officer Agriculture and Food Systems with in the Department of International specializations in Global Nutrition and Cooperation, the Chinese Ministry of Social Conditions of Food Systems from Agriculture and Rural Affairs. He was also the University of Hohenheim, Germany. responsible for important international cooperation projects, such as “Risk Oluwafemi can be reached at: Analysis of Introduction and Extension of [email protected] Technology and Germplasm for Fishery and Aquaculture in China”. He will be working in support of the development and implementation of programs and activities related to the sustainable aquaculture development sector, South- South Cooperation and Aquatic Animal Health.

Hao Bin can be reached at: ©FAO ©FAO [email protected] Women collecting larvaes of c ommon carp in Kyrgyzstan

FAO AQUACULTURE NEWSLETTER No. 59 ■ OCTOBER 2018 57 Svetlana Velmeskina Valerio Crespi Offce Assistant, Aquaculture Fisheries and Aquaculture Branch Offcer, Aquaculture Branch

Svetlana, a Russian national, has recently Valerio, Aquaculture Officer of FAO joined the Aquaculture Branch of the Aquaculture Branch, will bring his Fisheries and Aquaculture Department extensive knowledge to North Africa. as Temporary Office Assistant. Svetlana As of December 2018 he will be based studied Accounting and Economics; in Tunis, Tunisia in the FAO sub-regional Hospitality and Tourism Management in office for North Africa. He will assume Russia. She spent first years of her career the new position of Fisheries and in tourism related fields as incoming/ Aquaculture Officer covering FAO outgoing visa assistance, letters of Member countries in North Africa invitations, work permits, etc. Svetlana namely Libya, Tunisia, Algeria Morocco moved to Thailand in 2011, where she and Mauritania. His international worked as Accompanying Assistant experience will contribute to further

at the tour operating company. strengthening fisheries and aquaculture ©FAO/F. MASSA sectors in the sub-region. Clearly, Valerio She joined FAO in April 2016 as will be an asset and a key member Temporary Assistant at the Plant of FAO sub-regional multidisciplinary Production and Protection Division, team to help implementing the goals providing administrative and secretarial of the Organization. We wish him support. In 2018, she was assigned every success in his new position. for six months to the Secretariat of the Rotterdam Convention with main Valerio can be reached at: emphasis of organizational arrangements [email protected] NEW STAFF PROFILES NEW STAFF for the 14th Chemical Review Committee (CRC) and the 14th Persistent Organic Pollutants Review Committee (POPRC). Svetlana can be reached at: [email protected]

Liberian youth harvesting©FAO/V. CREPI tilapia from a fish pond Visiting an aquaponics farm in Oman

58 FAO AQUACULTURE NEWSLETTER No. 59 ■ OCTOBER 2018 NEW PUBLICATIONS

NEW PUBLICATIONS • NEW PUBLICATIONS • NEW PUBLICATIONS • NEW PUBLICATIONS • NEW PUBLICATIONS

FAO. 2018 The State of World Fisheries and Aquaculture 2018 - Meeting the 2018 sustainable development goals Rome. Licence: CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 IGO.

The 2018 edition of The State of World Fisheries and Aquaculture emphasizes the sector’s role in achieving the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development and the Sustainable Development Goals, and measurement of progress towards these goals. It notes the particular contributions of inland and small-scale fisheries, and highlights the importance of rights-based governance for equitable and inclusive development. As in past editions, the THE STATE OF publication begins with a global analysis of trends in fisheries and aquaculture production, WORLD FISHERIES stocks, processing and use, trade and consumption, based on the latest official statistics, AND AQUACULTURE along with a review of the status of the world’s fishing fleets and human engagement and governance in the sector. Topics explored in Parts 2 to 4 include aquatic biodiversity; MEETING THE SUSTAINABLE the ecosystem approach to fisheries and to aquaculture; climate change impacts and DEVELOPMENT GOALS responses; the sector’s contribution to food security and human nutrition; and issues related to international trade, consumer protection and sustainable value chains. Global developments in combating illegal, unreported and unregulated fishing, selected ocean pollution concerns and FAO’s efforts to improve capture fishery data are also discussed. The issue concludes with the outlook for the sector, including projections to 2030. As always, The State of World Fisheries and Aquaculture aims to provide objective, reliable and up-to-date information to a wide audience, including policy-makers, managers, scientists, stakeholders and indeed all those interested in the fisheries and aquaculture sector. The PDF version of this publication can be downloaded at the following web link: www.fao.org/3/i9540en/I9540EN.pdf For further information, please contact: [email protected] ©FAO Handling farmed common carp (Cyprinus carpio) in Belarus

FAO AQUACULTURE NEWSLETTER No. 59 ■ OCTOBER 2018 59 TECHNICAL PAPERS

FAO. 2018 Impacts of Climate Change on fisheries and aquaculture - Synthesis of current knowledge, adaptation and mitigation options Barange, M., Bahri, T., Beveridge, M., Cochrane, K., Funge-Smith, S., Poulain, F. (Eds.) 2018. Fisheries and Aquaculture Technical Paper. No. 627. Rome, FAO. 628 pp.

For the first time ever, a publication synthesizes the impacts and risks of, and the opportunities and responses to climate change in the fisheries and aquaculture sector, in the context of poverty alleviation, aimed primarily at policymakers, fisheries managers and practitioners. The technical paper provides the most up-to-date synthesis on the impacts and risks of, and the opportunities and responses to climate change in the fisheries and aquaculture sector, in the context of poverty alleviation. It has been prepared by over 90 scientists from over 20 countries with a view to assisting countries in the development of their National Determined Contributions (NDCs) to the Paris Climate Agreement, the next round of which is to be submitted by 2020, both for adaptation and mitigation actions. The technical Paper covers marine capture fisheries and their environments (Chapters 4 to 17), inland waters and their fisheries (Chapters 18, 19 and 26), as well as aquaculture (Chapters 20 to 22). The Technical Paper also includes chapters on disasters and extreme events (Chapter 23) and health and food safety hazards (Chapter 24). Guidance and tools are presented for planning and implementing effective and explicit adaptation (Chapter 25), while taking into consideration the impacts on fisheries and aquaculture of potential adaptations to climate change in other sectors (Chapter 26). Mitigation is addressed in Chapter 27, which provides quantitative information on the fisheries and aquaculture sector’s contributions to greenhouse gas emissions, as well as strategies and tools for mitigation. The PDF version of this publication can be downloaded at the following web link: www.fao.org/3/I9705EN/i9705en.pdf A shorter version is also available at the following web link: www.fao.org/3/CA0356EN/ca0356en.pdf

NEW PUBLICATIONS NEW For further information, please contact: [email protected]

FAO. 2018 Contract farming and public-private partnerships in aquaculture: Lessons learned from East African countries Murekezi, P., Menezes, A., & Ridler, N. 2018. FAO Fisheries and Aquaculture Technical Paper No. 623. Rome, FAO.

Securing decent work for young people in Africa is critical given the large numbers of young people entering the labour force each year (about 11 million). With few opportunities for formal employment in manufacturing and services, agribusinesses offer young people the opportunity to earn income in rural areas. If others emulate them, there is the potential for positive regional spillovers. One institutional innovation that enables young people to mitigate financial and knowledge handicaps is contract farming. By supplying their produce to a third party (such as an agri-processor or retail outlet), which in return guarantees markets and often inputs, young workers are able to access credit, markets and technology. This can be a “win–win” solution because young workers gain access to markets, while the private company has access to produce without having to either acquire land or supervise labour. Fiscally constrained governments also benefit because private sector involvement obviates expenditure and reduces risks, and may also provide expertise unavailable in the public sector. This report presents the lessons learned from a project in four East African countries - Burundi, Kenya, Rwanda and Uganda - focusing on youth and their agribusinesses. In Burundi and Rwanda, poultry and eggs were sold to retailers but were also provided to schools to alleviate malnutrition. In Kenya and Uganda the focus was on fish farming, raising finfish in cages and selling fingerlings. Partnering with private companies enabled young people to obtain business and technical knowledge in addition to a market for their produce. The PDF version of this publication can be downloaded at the following web link: www.fao.org/3/CA0134EN/ca0134en.pdf For further information, please contact: [email protected]

60 FAO AQUACULTURE NEWSLETTER No. 59 ■ OCTOBER 2018 NEWNEW PUBLICATIONS PUBLICATIONS 61 2018 OCTOBER ■ [email protected] [email protected]

FAO AQUACULTURE NEWSLETTER No. 59 NEWSLETTER AQUACULTURE FAO small farmers to be organized and trained in both technical and management aspects for small-scale makes chain value resilient a Second, chain. value the in participation effective producers resilient to risks. Third, an organized women’s group can play a very important role in the value chain especially equality. gender of goal broader the promotes chain value aquaculture in the in participation creating and accessing markets. Fourth, women The PDF version of this publication can be downloaded at the following web link: www.fao.org/3/I9600EN/i9600en.pdf For further information, please contact: November 2017 Italy Rome, 1234. No. Report Aquaculture and Fisheries FAO This training workshop aimed to improve the entrepreneurial capacity of participants organized – smallscale aquaculture producers – to develop integrate a market their for enterprise their products, in the chain. value The main chain, participants were the and members of participate a women’s effectively association established in 1989 in called the the Binmaley Rural Improvement value Club (BRIC). They are farming milkfish and processing and marketing milkfish-based are farmers product who are forms. not members The of the other the association, association officers participants is of based, the one village government in officer which each and from technical Indonesia officers and of Viet the Nam, Bureau of Fisheries learning and modules and Aquatic a Resources case study (BFAR). of BRIC Five in a value chain context were the prepared training. The for conclusions from the workshop are as follows. First, it is essential for FAO. 2018 FAO. value chain on aquaculture Report of the training workshop 14-16 Pangasinan, the Philippines, development and participation, planning and management tools. be downloaded at the following web link: The PDF version of this publication can www.fao.org/3/CA1398EN/ca1398en.pdf For further information, please contact: Office for Asia and the Pacific implemented a regional TCP Southeast selected project in growth “Pilot sustainable for application tools management of and planning aquaculture Asian countries” from May 2016 to implemented in December three 2017. selected ASEAN The member countries, regional namely TCP Indonesia, Thailand and project Viet Nam, which was covered a planning range aquaculture of the project for activities manuals technical at of regional development and the country on focused level. project The and management tools prioritized by the participating countries, awareness raising and technical capacity building for application of the aquaculture planning and management tools, pilot application of four selected aquaculture planning and the management project tools participating countries in and sharing of the project results for scaling up. This document is an important product of the project implementation and consists of components: three a summary report on the overall implementation of the project at regional and country level; the individual summary report on implementation of project activities in the three participating countries; and technical manuals of four prioritized aquaculture FAO. 2018 FAO. and management planning aquaculture of selected Pilot application and VietIndonesia, Thailand tools in Nam pp. 121 Thailand. Bangkok, Pacific. the and Asia for Office Regional FAO In order to support the member countries growth in the of Asian region aquaculture to achieve through sustainable improved planning and management, FAO Regional WORKSHOP PROCEEDINGS AND REPORTS WORKSHOP PROCEEDINGS AND FAO. 2018 Report of the Eighth Meeting of the RECOFI Working Group on Aquaculture, Kuwait City, State of Kuwait, 17-19 April 2018 FAO Fisheries and Aquaculture Report No. 1242. Rome

The eighth meeting of the Working Group on Aquaculture (WGA) of the Regional Commission for Fisheries (RECOFI) was held in held in Kuwait City, State of Kuwait, from 17 to 19 April. The WGA reviewed the outcome and recommendations of the eighth session of the Commission, ninth session of COFI Sub-Committee on Aquaculture; and thirty-third session of the FAO Regional Conference for the Near East. The WGA noted that a major intersessional activity was the Regional Workshop on Building National Capacity for Cultured Animal Disease Diagnostic in Relation to Bio-Security. It was highlighted that the workshop, which was originally scheduled to be held in Saudi Arabia, was held in Cairo, Egypt, from 6 to 8 March 2018, for organizational reasons. A brief status review of aquaculture developments in participating member countries was done. Among the main priorities identified for the region, the WGA agreed on the importance of: (i) sharing work experiences on aquaculture spatial planning and discuss criteria and indicators to be used for fish cage culture site selection; (ii) adopting the proposed FAO-FIAS roadmap for the implementation of RECOFI recommendations on minimum data reporting on aquaculture; and (iii) revising and update the contents of the Regional Aquaculture Information System (RAIS). The WGA agreed on a programme of work for the intersessional period 2018-2020. The PDF version of this publication can be downloaded at the following web link: www.fao.org/3/CA1351EN/ca1351en.pdf For further information, please contact: [email protected]

FAO. 2018 Report of the Thirty-fifth Session of the Asia-Pacific Fishery Commission, Cebu, the Philippines, 11-13 May 2018 Bangkok. 124 pp. Licence: CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 IGO.

This document is the report of the Thirty-fifth Session of the Asia-Pacific Fishery NEW PUBLICATIONS NEW Commission (APFIC) convened in Cebu, the Philippines from 11 to 13 May 2018. The report summarizes convene of each session agenda, major interventions from members and observers and the decision of the Commission. The Session included the following agenda items: (1) Secretariat report on intersessional programme activities of APFIC; (2) the report of the meeting of the Seventy-sixth APFIC Executive Committee; (3) Report and the recommendations of the Seventh Regional Consultative Forum Meeting; (4) report and the recommendations of the APFIC ‘Regional Consultation to Promote Responsible Production and Use of Feed and Feed Ingredients for Sustainable Growth of Aquaculture in Asia-Pacific (7 to 9 March 2017 in Bangkok, Thailand”; (5) report on and the recommended strategies stemming from the APFIC ‘Regional Consultation on Building Climate Resilient Fisheries and Aquaculture in the Asia- Pacific Region (14 to 16 November 2017 in Bangkok, Thailand); (6) report on implementation of the FAO Regional Initiative on Blue Growth in Asia-Pacific and the new programmatic framework and implementation plan for 2018 to 2019; (7) report on APFIC’s work supporting combating illegal, unreported and unregulated (IUU) fishing in the region; (8) report introducing Official Development Assistance (ODA) and of the regional and country Global Environment Facility (GEF) projects as funding opportunities for fishery management and capacity in the region; and (9) draft 2018-2023 APFIC strategic plan and the 2018-2019 biennial work plan of the APFIC. The PDF version of this publication can be downloaded at the following web link: www.fao.org/3/CA1701EN/ca1701en.pdf For further information, please contact: [email protected]

62 FAO AQUACULTURE NEWSLETTER No. 59 ■ OCTOBER 2018 NEWNEW PUBLICATIONS PUBLICATIONS

63 2018 Informe ACS18071

OCTOBER ■ [email protected] [email protected] [email protected]

FAO AQUACULTURE NEWSLETTER No. 59 NEWSLETTER AQUACULTURE FAO food indicators - to examine food supply from decades, six for areas and and countries 270 in nutrition) and food to fish of contribution utilization patterns (with a focus on the the 1960s to the 2010s. The module focuses on 14 fish/seafood items, but also includes 26 non-fish/seafood items. The PDF version of this publication can be downloaded at the following web link: www.fao.org/fishery/static/WAPI/FAOWAPIFishConsumptionModule(WAPI- FISHCSPv.2018.1).zip For further information, please contact: FAO. 2018 FAO. Fish Performance Indicators (WAPI) Aquaculture The World v.2018.1) Consumption Module (WAPIFISHCSP seven and indicators nutrition three – indicators 10 includes module consumption fish The AQPRNv.2018.1).zip For further information, please contact: For further information, please contact: 2018 FAO. Aquaculture Performance Indicators (WAPI) Aquaculture The World v.2018.1) Module (WAPI-AQPRN Production The aquaculture production module aquaculture analyses production the (quantity status and value) and of countries trends over and areas under 650 (1950-2016) different farming species environments of (inland items waters, marine in areas nearly and all areas). 250 can be downloaded at the following web link: The MS-Excel version of this publication www.fao.org/fishery/static/WAPI/FAOWAPIAquacultureProductionModule(WAPI- El enfoque ecosistémico a la planeación espacial y el manejo. Esta publicación describe los acuicultura pasos principales a seguir provee lineamientos conceptuales en estas actividades. El para razonamiento y objetivos de cada la paso, las maneras (métodos) para implementarlo y los medios (herramientas) disponibles para aplicar una metodología se describen a modo de etapas. Se proveen incluyen recomendaciones y se para que tomadores los implementadores de entre espacial, decisiones. manejo Un y planeación documento la de de beneficios políticas numerosos Existen acompaña a esta publicación. una mayor productividad y retornos para los inversionistas, así como una mitigación más efectiva de los riesgos ambientales, económicos y sociales; los detalles se incluyen en este documento. be downloaded at the following web link: The PDF version of this publication can www.fao.org/3/I6834ES/i6834es.pdf FAO. 2018 FAO. manejo bajo el de y áreas de sitios acuícola, selección Zonificación Un manual. la acuicultura. ecosistémico a enfoque Aguilar-Manjarrez, J., Soto, D. y Brummett, R. 2018. Roma, FAO y el el y FAO Roma, 2018. R. Brummett, y D. Soto, J., Aguilar-Manjarrez, tarjeta una Incluye pp. 62 DC. Washington Mundial, Banco del Grupo pp.). el documento completo (395 USB que contiene

POLICY BRIEF 7

100

low fish share

90

Oceanian countries

of world population

80

the world average.

19 percent

47 countries or territories

percent of world population

IV: High animal protein;

10

26 countries or territories

I: High animal protein; high fish share

70

European countries

developing regions. developing

rich countries or territories in in territories or countries rich

developed regions or relatively relatively or regions developed

mostly countries or territories in in territories or countries mostly

territories in quadrant IV are are IV quadrant in territories

fish share. The 47 countries or or countries 47 The share. fish

tends to have below-average below-average have to tends

average animal protein intake intake protein animal average

countries or territories with above- with territories or countries

in quadrant IV, which means that that means which IV, quadrant in

60

coordinate plane are concentrated concentrated are plane coordinate

territories on the right side of the the of side right the on territories

In contrast, countries and and countries contrast, In

was one of them. of one was

of world population at that time) time) that at population world of

China (accounting for 21 percent percent 21 for (accounting China

population in the early 1970s, and and 1970s, early the in population

accounted for 35 percent of world world of percent 35 for accounted

or territories in quadrant II II quadrant in territories or

a high fish share. The 40 countries countries 40 The share. fish high a

Year 1973 animal protein intake tend to have have to tend intake protein animal

-

Coordinate origin represents

Bubble size represents population.

Fish

50

5 Asian countries

©FAO, 2018 CA0198EN ©FAO,

40

Source: WAPI consumption module developed based on data from FAO Food Balance Sheet Sheet Balance Food FAO from data on based developed module consumption WAPI Source:

Per capita animal protein intake (g/capita/day)

30

Countries in the Americas

and the origin is set set is origin the and

20

4

high fish share

of world population

or territories

10

considereddeveloping regions.

America, Japan, Australia and New Zealand, whereas other countries or territories are

According to the United Nations designation, developed regions include Europe, NorthernEurope, include regionsdevelopeddesignation, Nations United the to According

population does not add up to 100 percent. population100 to doesup add not

Countries with data unavailable do not appear in the figure; thus countries’ share of world countries’ of thus share figure; the in appear not do unavailableCountriesdata with

Requeststestfor [email protected] sentcanmodulebe the to: of use

in 1993 and 1973 to represent the scenario in the early 1990s and the early 1970s, respectively. 1970s, early the and 1990s early the in scenario the represent to 1973 and 1993 in

situation in 2013 to represent the scenario in the early 2010s and accordingly use the situation situation the use accordingly and 2010s early the in scenario the represent to 2013 in situation

At the time of this writing, FAO data on fish consumption are updated to 2013. Thus we use the the use we Thus 2013. to updated are consumption fish on data FAO writing, this of time the At

weight equivalent. equivalent. weight

Fish include finfish, shellfish and other aquatic animals. Fish consumption is measured in live live in measured is consumption Fish animals. aquatic other and shellfish finfish, include Fish

percent

5

4

3

Low animal protein; low fish share 2

1

26

36 countries or territories

countries or territories with low low with territories or countries

African countries

in quadrant II, which means that that means which II, quadrant in

countries or territories are located located are territories or countries

countries nearly 80 percent, most of these these of most percent, 80 nearly

intake) vary from close to zero to to zero to close from vary intake)

share (in their animal protein protein animal their (in share

protein intake. While their fish fish their While intake. protein

with below-average animal animal below-average with

territories in developing regions developing in territories

were relatively poor countries or or countries poor relatively were

and III). Generally speaking, these these speaking, Generally III). and

coordinate plane (i.e. quadrant II II quadrant (i.e. plane coordinate

territories on the left side of the the of side left the on territories

First let us look at countries or or countries at look us let First

at the world average. world the at

population,

size measures each country’s country’s each measures size

protein intake (x-axis). Bubble Bubble (x-axis). intake protein

respect to their per capita animal animal capita per their to respect III:

countries or territories with with territories or countries

to animal protein (y-axis) in 149 149 in (y-axis) protein animal to

China

35 percent world population

40

II: Low animal protein;

0

0

10

20

-20

30

-10

40

50

60

70

80 90

Share of fish in animal protein intake (%)

100

Figure 1 – Contribution of fish to animal protein in the early 1970s early the in protein animal to fish of Contribution – 1 Figure

percent). percent).

The module module The

WAPI 3

increased increased

1

percent in in percent

percent), and and percent),

Fish consumption for for consumption Fish

fish/seafood items, but fish/seafood items, but

2

consumption

orld per capita fish fish capita per orld

[email protected] E-mail:

Department, Rome, Italy Rome, Department,

FAO Fisheries and Aquaculture Aquaculture and Fisheries FAO

Written by: by: Written

scenario of fish’s contribution contribution fish’s of scenario

Figure 1 shows the early-1970s early-1970s the shows 1 Figure

Early 1970s Early

territories. territories.

protein in different countries or or countries different in protein

contribution of fish to animal animal to fish of contribution

interesting patterns of the the of patterns interesting

the module to illustrate some some illustrate to module the

article uses a chart template in in template chart a uses article

40 country groups) levels. This This levels. groups) country 40

or territories) and regional (nearly (nearly regional and territories) or

country (more than 200 countries countries 200 than (more country

contains similar information at the the at information similar contains

Balance Sheet data. Sheet Balance

developed based on FAO Food Food FAO on based developed

module on fish consumption consumption fish on module

Performance Indicator (WAPI) (WAPI) Indicator Performance

from the World Aquaculture Aquaculture World the from

These numbers are obtained obtained are numbers These

mutton & goat meat (2.2 meat goat & mutton

meat (11.0 meat

pig meat (14.5 percent), bovine bovine percent), (14.5 meat pig

poultry meat (16.1 percent), percent), (16.1 meat poultry

the early 2010s is higher than than higher is 2010s early the

early 2010s. The fish share in in share fish The 2010s. early

back to 16.3 percent in the the in percent 16.3 to back

the early 1990s and bounced bounced and 1990s early the

slightly to 15.1 to slightly

early 1970s. The ratio declined declined ratio The 1970s. early

animal protein intake in the the in intake protein animal

for 15.6 percent of global global of percent 15.6 for

economies. Fish accounted accounted Fish economies.

capita per year in some island island some in year per capita

countries to over 100 kg per per kg 100 over to countries

per year in some inland inland some in year per

from less than 1 kg per capita capita per kg 1 than less from

countries vary greatly, ranging ranging greatly, vary countries

2010s.

1990s and 19.8 kg in the early early the in kg 19.8 and 1990s

1970s to 14.2 kg in the early early the in kg 14.2 to 1970s

from 12.6 kg in the early early the in kg 12.6 from

W

Fish as a Poor People’s Food People’s as a Poor Fish

Fish as a poor people’s food people’s poor a as Fish Source: FAO Aquaculture Newsletter 58 (April 2018, pp. 49–51) pp. 2018, (April 58 Newsletter Aquaculture FAO Source: includes 10 indicators – three analyses the status and trends nonfish/seafood items. nonfish/seafood items.

V. CRESPI V. ©FAO/ Share (%) 160 295 100 000 000 50 45 40 35 30 25 20 15 10 5 0 World World [email protected] [email protected] 710 NIgeria 10 000 000 31

NIgeria 2015 317 51% Share of aquaculture (%) 1 000 000 617 25 2010 2015 versus 1980 - 201 Oceania countries 5% 100 000 1% 11% 2% 441 resulting in a 450 000 tonnes resulting demand-supply gap. The country’s would need to grow aquaculture the mid- a year from at 22 percent 2010s to the early 2020s in order to bridge the potential demand- supply gap. 6 2% 2% 2000 26 9% 10 000 9% 3% Capture production (tonnes) Europe countries 5% API is an FAO initiative to develop user- API is an FAO friendly tools for compiling, generating 309 2 7 1 000 1990 Asia countries 36 234 000 tonnes

255 100 2 28 284 28 157 6 1980 15 900 15 172 Source: FAO Aquaculture Newsletter 57 (September 2017, pp. 36–37) Aquaculture FAO Source: 0 10 WAPI Fish Consumption Module Fish Consumption Module WAPI WAPI Aquaculture Production Module Production Aquaculture WAPI 8 488 7 031 Aquaculture Production Quantity of Aquatic products in 2015 (tonnes) 6 556

800 700 600 500 400 300 200 100 5 891 and nutrition) in 270 countries and areas for six decades, from the 1960s to the 2010s. The module focuses on 14 also includes 26 of over 650 species items in nearly 250 countries and areas under different farming environments (inland waters, marine areas and all areas) for seven decades, from the 1950s to the 2010s. (WAPIFISHCSP) nutrition indicators and seven food indicators – to examine food supply and utilization patterns (with a focus on the contribution of fish to food and nutrition) in 270 countries and areas for six decades, from the 1960s to the 2010s. The module focuses on 14 also includes 26 (WAPI-AQPRN) of aquaculture production (quantity and value) Americas countries

4 719

Aquaculture production (tonnes) rdcin tosn tonnes) (thousand Production Figure 4: Status and trend of global aquaculture production www.fao.org/fishery/statistics/software/wapi/en www.fao.org/fishery/statistics/software/wapi/en Contact us: Download WAPI tools and other products at: Download WAPI – tools and other products at: Download WAPI www.fao.org/fishery/statistics/software/wapi/en Contact us: Data analysis tools – and providing easy access to quantitative information on aquaculture sector performance at the national, regional and global levels. WAPI information and knowledge products include data analysis tools, technical papers and policy briefs. W 1 7. Aba Figure 3 – Status and trends of aquaculture and fisheries production in Nigeria production and fisheries of aquaculture and trends 3 – Status Figure production in the early 2020s production would be 150 000 tonnes higher than the level in the mid-2010. This would only be able to cover a quarter of the 600 of demand hike driven by the income and population growth, Africa countries 3. Tilapia nei 5. Nile perch 5. Nile Other species Other 4. Cyprinids nei 9. Characins nei Bubble size measuring population 0 6. Retculate knifefish 5 1. North African catish 1. North 5 0 10. African bonytongue 8. Upsidedown catishes 8. Upsidedown 25 20 15 10

-

000

from 1980 to 2015 (%) products nulgot aeo qautr Pouto Quantity of Aquatic Production Annual growth rate of Aquaculture 3). Figure 4 – Status and trend of global aquaculture production – 2015 versus 1980 versus – 2015 production of global aquaculture and trend 4 – Status Figure (tonnes) in 2015 species in Nigeria aquaculture Top-10 5 – Figure

2. Torpedo-shaped catishes nei 2. Torpedo-shaped catishes

4). , ,

E

as well well as

s e information e information

percent in 2015 (Figure percent of the total percent of the percent

percent) from a little over 6 from percent) Checking the size of Nile tilapia from an earthen pond, Namibia pond, an earthen of Nile tilapia from the size Checking

Fish production in Nigeria grew in Nigeria grew Fish production 260 000 tonnes in 1980 from to over 1 million tonnes in fisheries 2015. While capture of fish is still the main source the in the country, production has increased of aquaculture share in 1980 to over 2 percent from 30 Over the past 35 years, in Nigeria production aquaculture a year 12 percent has grown to the world average (compared 8 tonnes in 1980 to nearly 320 000 tonnes in 2015 (Figure The country is the largest aquaculture in fish producer sub-Saharan Africa, accounting for 54 in the fish production sub-region. aquaculture Nigeria’s focuses mainly on fishes, freshwater with catfish species accounting for 64 aquaculture country’s in 2015 production 5). (Figure Looking into the future, if other factors affecting fish demand (e.g. fish price and consumer remain preference) unchanged, Nigeria’s fish demand in the early 2020s would be 600 000 tonnes higher than the level in the mid-2010s because of income and in the country. population growth On the other side, following the its aquaculture trend, current

6987

-

(En) ntial to generate generate to ntial 0

being of humanity. of humanity. being

207

-

pote

N

12

BRIEF POLICY

ISS

1063

side. At a time where basic basic where a time At side.

R

COFI:AQ/VI/2012/5

/

NITORING OF OF NITORING NITORING OF OF NITORING

social well social

FIRA

high quality animal protein animal quality high AND CHALLENGES AND

POLICY BRIEF

d challenges and seeks advice on the way way the on advice seeks and challenges d

0 March 2012 March 0

sources of data and information and the use of of use the and information and data of sources more more

11

ISHERIES 3

-

F

has, in recent years, shown its its shown years, recent in has, 2013

,

supplying supplying

11% 2012 5%

0.47 , ,

, 2011 , 1.05 0.54 5%

, ,

Poultry Meat 0.47 2010 8%

,

, Mutton & Goat Committee is invited to: (i) comment, revise th is revise to: invited (i) Committee comment,

Meat 5%

Other meat 2009

- , 1063

0.76

food uses)

, -

Pigmeat 2008

Executive Summary Executive

3.46 Sixth Session Sixth

, Milk , 35% 2007

, , , aquaculture

9%

, 10% Meat 2006

, 18%

, 0.93 0.99 2005 Bovine Meat

,

1.75

Milk & eggs 2004 Short-term projection

Eggs

ronmental damages. If properly conducted, systematic and continuing and continuing systematic conducted, If properly damages. ronmental 2 2

port No. port SEE ALSOSEE

ERFORMANCE 2003 ERFORMANCE

ON ASSESSMENT AND MO AND ASSESSMENT ON ON ASSESSMENT AND MO AND ASSESSMENT ON

1 1 2013: 9.85 g/capita/day

2). 2002

Cai, & Leung, J. FAO P.S. es es will involve financial support and from governments donors, technical

Re

COMMITTEE ON AQUACULTURE ON COMMITTEE , 20 20

2001

-

42% te many aspects of the aquaculture performance. The issue remains the absence absence the remains issue The performance. aquaculture the of aspects te many

,

9% 2000

, FAO. 2017. 2017. FAO. globalof fish demand supplyand gaps. FisheriesAquaculture and Technical Rome, Italy.Paper No.607. www.fao.org/3/a-i7623e.pdf

Seafood 4.19 1999 between 2000 and 2011 before between 2000 and 2011 before declining to 940 thousand tonnes in 2013 thanks to a rapid increase in domestic fish production (Figure increased from 350 thousand from increased tonnes to nearly 2 million tonnes

0.94

, ,

1998

OMMITTEE ON ON OMMITTEE Cape Town, South Africa, 26 Africa, South Town, Cape SUB diadromous

Freshwater &

fishes

33% into national economies, and by by and economies, national into , 1997

3.22 1996 C

Marine fishes

1995

friendly forms of these tools and the lack of forecasting capabilities for most of them. There There them. of most for capabilities forecasting of lack the and tools these of forms friendly

,

November November

-

, 1994

5% ,

0.17

,

7 7 6% 1993 , 0.46 2%

,

− −

0.66

with the issue of assessment and monitoring of sector performance. sector of monitoring and assessment of issue the with 0.56 1992 results from this task in policy making; and provide guidance to the Secretariat on how to proceed to proceed on how to Secretariat the guidance provide and making; in policy task this from results

,

assessment and monitoring, especially with respect to to respect with especially monitoring, and assessment

2011

monitoring of on (ii) monitoring the the share experiences national sector sector performance; performance Pigmeat

presented presented in this as document and appropriate suggest other issues and assessment regarding 5

5 Mutton & Goat

Poultry Meat ,

Meat require policy innovations. The Sub innovations. policy require

expertise from research communities and cooperation from the private sector. The solution will also also will solution The sector. private the from cooperation and communities research from expertise

addressing these addressing issu

also generally data intensive, time consuming and, therefore, economically prohibitive. It seems that that seems It prohibitive. economically therefore, and, consuming time intensive, data generally also

PERFORMANCE: IMPORTANCE, ISSUES IMPORTANCE, PERFORMANCE: 6% 1991 data and statistics are still largely unavailable nationally, regionally and globally, these methods are are methods these globally, and regionally nationally, unavailable largely still are statistics and data

are also factors that cannot be predicted, especially on the environmental environmental the on especially predicted, be cannot that factors also are

of user of ,

quantitatively evalua quantitatively

, , , ,

,

developed practical assessment frameworks as well as a number of techniques that can be used be used can that to of techniques as as a well number frameworks assessment practical developed

forward. The FAO Secretariat and various researchers have identified quantifiable indicators and indicators quantifiable have identified and researchers The various FAO Secretariat forward. 21% and Aquaculture and

performance of aquaculture, underlines outstanding issues an issues outstanding underlines aquaculture, of performance

outweigh its outweigh costs to This society. made paper in shares the progress and assessing monitoring

ASSESSING AND MONITORING THE AQUACULTURE SECTOR SECTOR AQUACULTURE THE MONITORING AND ASSESSING ,

impact on the development of the sector and will ensure that the benefits accruing from the sector the sector from accruing the benefits that ensure will and of the sector on the development impact

consumers with timely and adequate information for guided decision making, which will, in will, which turn making, decision for guided information and adequate timely with consumers

1990

assessment and monitoring of and and will monitoring the investors assessment policy makers, provide sector performance

society, mostly through envi through mostly society,

where it has not been properly conducted, aquaculture has often produced unintended effects on effects unintended has often produced it where aquaculture has not conducted, been properly

Aquaculture can also ease income distribution disparities in favour of the poor. At the same time, time, of poor. the At the in same favour disparities distribution income ease also can Aquaculture

SEPTEMBER 2017 Other meat important benefits to society and to contribute to the economic and to economic the to and contribute to society benefits important

as minerals, vitamins and fatty acids fatty and vitamins minerals, as 4.00

export revenues revenues export 2.15

wages and salaries, producing higher profits for producers and traders and bringing higher tax and higher bringing and traders and for producers profits higher producing salaries, and wages By generating important sales revenues, creating employment, paying better labour incomes including including incomes labour better paying employment, creating revenues, sales important generating By

Bovine Meat 1989

,

40% ■

1988

13% Italy Italy Meat ,

1987 ,

, , , ,

1.33 December

,

20% 1986

, Milk 1985

2.04 Milk & eggs 1984 1980: 10.07 g/capita/day

7%

,

Gaeta Gaeta

AQUACULTURE SECTOR P SECTOR AQUACULTURE 1983 AQUACULTURE SECTOR P SECTOR AQUACULTURE

FAO EXPERT WORKSHOP WORKSHOP EXPERT FAO FAO EXPERT WORKSHOP WORKSHOP EXPERT FAO

,

Report of the of Report Report of the of Report

0.71

meat and milk (two of the largest categories), which animal protein unable to keep pace with were 1). (Figure population growth in in fish production The increase Nigeria accounts for 55 percent of the intensification of its total fish consumption (1 333 thousand tonnes) between 1980-2013; was 45 percent the remaining in its net by the growth covered import (i.e. import minus export) fish trade deficit of fish. Nigeria’s decline is the result of a decrease of a decrease decline is the result intake from in per capita protein , 36%

, 1982

Eggs FAO Fisheries FAO 1981 Seafood

3.66

, 1980 32% , odfs upyfo oetc ore pouto pu tc elto minus non plus stock depletion Net import (import sources (production minus export) Food fish supply from domestic Fish consumption 3.20

- Marine fishes

3,0 2,5 2,0 1,5 1,0 0,5 3.0 2.5 2.0 1.5 1.0 0.5 Millions tonnes Figure 1 – Per capita animal protein intake in Nigeria – 2008 2013 versus in Nigeria intake capita animal protein 1 – Per Figure Figure 2 – Nigeria's supply and utilization of fish for food supply and utilization of fish for 2 – Nigeria's Figure 333

World Aquaculture Performance Indicators (WAPI) Aquaculture Performance Indicators (WAPI) World than more 317 thousand

kg Written by: Kathleen Allen Intern FAO E-mail: [email protected] Rachmi Anne Fadilla Intern FAO E-mail: [email protected] Junning Cai Fisheries and Aquaculture FAO Department, Rome, Italy E-mail: [email protected]

n 1980, 73 million Nigerians consumed 36 FAO AQUACULTURE NEWSLETTER No. 57 NEWSLETTER AQUACULTURE 36 FAO Nigeria: Faster Aquaculture Growth Needed Needed Growth Aquaculture Faster Nigeria: Gap Demand-Supply Fish Bridge to 984 thousand tonnes of fish – the equivalent of 13 kg per person per year and nearly 1 the world average. Between 1980 and 2013, the country’s population increased to 172 million and total fish consumption by 1 increased thousand tonnes to 2 tonnes – allowing for per capita fish consumption to virtually remain unchanged. Nigeria’s 2013 per capita fish consumption had however fallen of to 70 percent the world average (20 kg per person per year). Despite fish consumption stable, remaining overall per capita intake animal protein in the country fell 10.07 g in 1980 from to 9.85 g in 2013. This I Nigeria: faster aquaculture growth needed to to needed growth aquaculture faster Nigeria: gap demand-supply fish bridge Source: FAO Aquaculture Newsletter 57 (September 2017, pp. 36–37) Aquaculture FAO Source: NON SERIAL PUBLICATIONS SERIAL NON FAO and WHO 2018 Technical guidance for the development of the growing area aspects of Bivalve Mollusc Sanitation Programmes Food Safety and Quality Series No. 5 Rome. 292 pp.

International trade has been the main driving factor for the rapid growth of the bivalve mollusc production industry during the last six decades, growing from nearly one million tonnes in 1950 to 16.1 million tonnes in 2015. In recognition of the extensive trade of this commodity the Codex Alimentarius Commission has developed a Standard for Live and Raw Bivalve Molluscs as well as guidance in the Codex Code of Practice for Fish and Fishery Products on the steps needed to be taken at all stages of food chain in order to produce a product that meets the Codex Standard. However, to facilitate implementation of the Codex guidance, countries identified the need for more information on how to implement Codex guidance in their specific context and specifically how to establish and monitor a bivalve mollusc growing area. This FAO/WHO Technical Guidance for the Development of the Growing Area Aspects of Bivalve Mollusc Sanitation Programmes aims to address that need. The focus of the guidance is the primary production of molluscs for consumption as live or raw bivalves and in particular how to manage microbiological hazards at this stage. The guidance is primarily aimed at the authorities responsible for the development, implementation and application of a bivalve mollusc sanitation programme, while highlighting the collaboration and agreements required between different partners including local authorities, regulatory agencies and laboratories to implement such a programme. The PDF version of this publication can be downloaded at the following web link: www.fao.org/3/CA1213EN/ca1213en.pdf For further information, please contact: [email protected]

FAO 2018

NEW PUBLICATIONS NEW Guidance on spatial technologies for disaster risk management in aquaculture. Full document. Rome, FAO. Guidance on spatial technologies for disaster risk management Licence: CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 IGO. in aquaculture Aguilar-Manjarrez, J., Wickliffe, L.C. & Dean, A., eds. 2018. Full document This new guide describes the application of spatial technology to improve disaster risk management (DRM) within the aquaculture sector. DRM requires interrelated actions and activities to ensure early warning, prevention, preparedness, response and recovery for a wide range of natural, technological and complex disasters that can impact aquaculture operations and livelihoods. Spatial technology refers to systems and tools that acquire, manage and analyse data that have geographic context. Some of the technologies include satellite remote sensing, aerial surveys, global positioning systems, geographic information systems, information and communication technology and other data gathering sensors used, for instance, in meteorology. Spatial technology supports activities across all phases of the DRM cycle and its rapid development provides enhanced opportunities to support DRM within the aquaculture sector. This guide is organized in two parts. Part one is the “guidance”; it is the main body of the document and describes the processes and steps for the use of spatial technology within DRM for aquaculture. Part two includes selected country case studies from Bangladesh, the Gulf of Mexico and the Caribbean, and Indonesia to illustrate the application of spatial technology in DRM for aquaculture at the national level within local contexts. Best practices at the farm and area management levels, supported by spatial technology, reduce volatility and risks and thus facilitate investment. Countries that would like aquaculture to grow sustainably and reliably are encouraged to use this guide in order to support spatial planning approaches and protect responsible investors. A separate summary version accompanies this publication. The PDF version of this publication will be availble in the FAO Web site soon. For further information, please contact: [email protected]

64 FAO AQUACULTURE NEWSLETTER No. 59 ■ OCTOBER 2018

NEW PUBLICATIONS ©FAO NEW PUBLICATIONS 65

2018

OCTOBER CALENDAR OF EVENTS EVENTS OF CALENDAR ■ •

– Information: [email protected] [email protected] – Information: CALENDAR OF EVENTS OF CALENDAR • – Information: [email protected] – Information:

www.blueeconomyconference.go.ke www.conxemar.com FAO AQUACULTURE NEWSLETTER No. 59 NEWSLETTER AQUACULTURE FAO CALENDAR OF EVENTS OF CALENDAR • EVENTS

International Congress on World Fisheries Production, and International Frozen Seafood Exhibition and International Frozen Fisheries Production, on World International Congress (CONXEMAR). - October 2018 Vigo, Spain, 1-4 Conference Economy Blue Sustainable - 2018 26-28 November Nairobi, Kenya, Shanghai, China 28-30 November – Information: [email protected] – Information: Shanghai, China 28-30 November in support of policy development in aquaculture Consultative Regional (sub-Saharan) meeting on improving food security and nutrition, poverty alleviation and sustainable development. AddisAbaba, Ethiopia, 3-5 December –2018 Information:[email protected] EVENTS NON FAO Jinja, Uganda, 8-12 October 2018 – Information: [email protected] – Information: October 2018 Jinja, Uganda, 8-12 participation workshop on white shrimp value chain development and Training Viet Tre, NamBen 15-17 October –2018 Information:[email protected] Commission (CACFish) Sixth Session of the Central Asian and Caucasus Regional Fisheries and Aquaculture [email protected] – Information: October 2018 15-18 Turkey, Izmir, Chain: Traceability International Seminar on Sustainable Seafood Value Inception Workshop of the Technical Cooperation Programme titled: Cooperation Programme Technical of the Inception Workshop Sea” “Blue Hope Initiative in the Mediterranean Algeria and Tunisia Turkey, three countries: project involves The 3-5 October 2018. Tunisia, Monastir, [email protected] Information: risk analysis in finfish aquaculture GFCM workshop on animal health and [email protected] – Information: 3-4 October 2018 Larnaca, Cyprus, Region African East the in Dissemination and Reporting Collection, Data Statistics Aquaculture on Workshop GFCM headquarters, Rome, Italy, 27-28 September 2018 – Information: [email protected] – Information: September 2018 27-28 Italy, GFCM headquarters, Rome, for Small Island and Sustainable Development - Caribbean Regional Workshop Fish Trade Effective Developing States [email protected] – Information: 3-5 October 2018 Barbados, Bridgetown, issues. and regulatory governance on aquaculture workshop GFCM regional [email protected] – Information: 2-3 October 2018 Larnaca, Cyprus, Fourth Forum of Parliamentarians of Fisheries and Aquaculture of Latin America and the Caribbean Fisheries and Aquaculture Fourth Forum of Parliamentarians of [email protected] September – Information: 19-20 Panama, City, Panamá and level strategy model for decent youth employment in aquaculture Consultative meeting on regional value chains related [email protected] - Information: Bissau, Guinea Bissau, 26-30 September 2018 for market studies on aquaculture GFCM expert consultation on a methodology

CALENDAR OF EVENTS OF CALENDAR

©FAO CALENDAR OF CALENDAR

NOV 2018 OCT 2018

DEC 2018 NOV 2018

SEPT 2018 OCT 2018 ©FAO CALENDAR OF EVENTS 66 FAO AQUACULTURE NEWSLETTER No.59 ■ OCTOBER 2018

©FAO/F. CARDIA FAO Fisheries and Aquaculture Statistical Collections FAO represents the only global source of fisheries and aquaculture statistics, covering production (by capture and aquaculture), trade, employment, fleet and food balance sheets. These data are stored into different statistical collections available through

©FAO/V. CRESPI various formats, tools and information products. Currently 2016 represents the latest year available for these statistics (except food balance sheets up to 2013) and work is in progress to update them up to 2017 for the release in March 2019.

FAO STATISTICS

is a compilation of FISHERY AND AQUACU Yearbook of fishery and aquaculture statistics LTURE STA The FAO TISTICS statistical data on capture fisheries and aquaculture production, employment, commodities STATISTIQUES production and trade, apparentry tables, fish consumption notes on major and trends, fishing concepts, fleets. It isclassifications structured into and a DES PÊCHES booklet (containing summa FAO major fishing areas) and a USB card presenting the full yearbook FpackageAO est ET DE a map of rmation and the complete set of statistical tables. L’AQUACULTURE with all the key info ESTADÍSTICAS L’Annuaire des statistiques des pêches et de l’aquaculture de la DE PESCA une compilation de données statistiques sur les captures, la production de l’aquaculture, ACUICU l’emploi, la production et le commerce des produits halieutiques, les bilans alimentaires et Y LTURA L’Annuaire est composé d’un fascicule (contenantFAO) des et tableaux d’une clé résumés, USB incluant la les flottes. des notes sur lesr tetendances des principales principales, zones une de descriptionpêche de la des concepts et des classements, 20 ainsi qu’une ca FAO es una 16 totalité des renseignements et la collection complète des tableaux statistiques de l’Annuaire.

El Anuario de estadísticas de pesca y acuicultura de la rnillo (con cuadros resúmenes, compilación de datos estadísticos sobre las capturas, la producción de acuicultura, el empleo, la producción y el comercio de los productos pesqueros, las hojas de balance de alimentos y las flotas. El Anuario se compone deF AO)un cuade y de una tarjeta USB que incluye toda notas sobre las tendencias principales, conceptos básicos y clasificaciones, así como un FishStatJ - Software for mapa de las principales zonas de pesca de la la información y el conjunto completo de los cuadros estadísticos del Anuario.

All comments and inquiries can be sent to: fishery statistical time [email protected] Statistics and Information Branch Fisheries and Aquaculture Policy and Resources Division Fisheries and Aquaculture Department Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations erme di Caracalla 00153 Rome, Italy FAO Yearbook of Viale delle T series Toutes les observations et demandes de renseignements peuvent être adressées à: [email protected] Sous-Division des statistiques et de l’information YEARBOOK Division des politiques et des ressources des pêches et de l’aquaculture ANNUAIRE Fishery and Département des pêches et de l’aquaculture ANUARIO Organisation des Nations Unies pour l’alimentation et l’agriculture erme di Caracalla Viale delle T A Java-based desktop 00153 Rome, Italie Las observaciones y consultas pueden enviarse a: [email protected] Aquaculture Subdivisión de Estadísticas y Información División de Políticas y Recursos de Pesca y Acuicultura application for complex and Departamento de Pesca y Acuicultura Organización de las Naciones Unidas para la Alimentación y la Agricultura erme di Caracalla Viale delle T 2016 00153 Roma, Italia ISSN 2070-6057 Statistics ISBN 978-92-5-130636-9

6 9 sophisticated data exploration 3 0 6 3 9 2 5 1 Fishery 9 7 8 I9942T/1/06.18

provides a full and Aquaculture and extraction. It consists of a Statistics main application and several range of tables with Statistiques des pêches et YEARBOOK ANNUAIRE ANUARIO detailed statistics. de l’aquaculture AQUACU workspaces with data on STA FISHERY TISTIQUESLTURE S ET DE TA AND EST L’AQUACUDES TISTICS Estadísticas ADÍSTICAS PÊCHES Y ACUICU LTURE DE PESCA It is structured into de pesca LTURA global and regional statistics. 2 01 a booklet (containing y acuicultura 6 summary tables, notes

FOOD AND AGRICULTURE ORGANIZATION OF THE UNITED NATIONS on major trends, concepts, Rome, 2018

ORGANISATION DES NATIONS UNIES POUR L'ALIMENTATION ET L'AGRICULTURE classifications and a map Rome, 2018 ORGANIZACIÓN DE LAS NACIONES UNIDAS PARA LA ALIMENTACIÓN of FAO major fishing areas) Y LA AGRICULTURA Roma, 2018 and a USB Card presenting the full yearbook package with all the key information and the complete set of Online Query Panels statistical tables. enable advanced users to extract customized information and reports. ©FAO/V. CRESPI

www.fao.org/fishery/statistics FFAO AquacultureAN Newsletter

Aquaculture Branch Fisheries and Aquaculture Department Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations Viale delle Terme di Caracalla, 00153 Rome, Italy E-mail: [email protected] ok18 banner changed

The FAO Aquaculture Newsletter (FAN) is issued two times a year by the Aquaculture Branch (FIAA) of the FAO Fisheries and Aquaculture Department, Rome, Italy. It presents articles and views from the FAO aquaculture programme and discusses various aspects of aquaculture as seen from the perspective of both headquarters and the fi eld programme. Articles are contributed by FAO staff from within and outside the Fisheries and Aquaculture Department, from FAO regional offi ces and fi eld projects, by FAO consultants and, occasionally, by invitation from other sources. FAN is distributed free of charge to various institutions, scientists, planners and managers in member countries and has a current circulation of about 1 300 copies. It is also available on the FAO webpage: www.fao.org/fi shery/publications/fan

Chief Editor: Valerio Crespi Editorial Board Members: José Aguilar Manjarrez, Graham Mair, Rodrigo Roubach, Elizabeth Graham Graphic Designer: José Luis Castilla Civit © FAO, 2018 © FAO,

Citation: FAO. 2018. FAO Aquaculture Newsletter. No. 59 (October). Rome. CA2325EN/1/11.18 Citation for single contribution: Name(s) of the author(s). Year. Title of the article. FAO Aquaculture Newsletter, No. 59, pp. xx–xx.