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The Jaina Cult of Relic Stūpas
The Jaina Cult of Relic Stūpas Peter Flügel1 (SOAS) Abstract This article gives an overview of recent findings on the thriving cult of bone relic stūpas in contemporary Jaina culture. Although Jaina doctrine rejects the worship of material objects, fieldwork in India on the hitherto unstudied current Jaina mortuary rituals furnished clear evidence for the ubiquity of bone relic stūpas and relic venera- tion across the Jaina sectarian spectrum. The article discusses a representative case and assesses the significance of the overall findings for the history of religions. It also offers a new theoretical explanation of the power of relics. Keywords Jaina relic stūpas, mortuary rituals, Vallabha Samudāya, cultural unconscious, theory of generalized symbolic media, relics as social forms 1) I am indebted to Ācārya Vijaya Virendra Sūri, Muni Rajendra Vijaya, Sādhvī Suvratā Śrī, Rāj Kumār Jain, Tejpāl Jain, Vinod N. Dalal, Kīrti Prasād Jain, N. P. Jain, S. Sheth, M. P. Sheth and other members and supporters of the Vallabha Samudāya for their generous help during field research in India, and to Janet Leigh Foster for enhancing the quality of the photos of images selected from the photo albums of the Vallabha Smāraka which were taken with permission. Without the support of Ācārya Mahāprajña, Ācārya Śivmuni, Pravartaka Umeśmuni, Salāhakāra Dineś Muni, Upap- ravartaka Gautama Muni, Sādhvī Ārcanā, Mūḍabidarī Bhatṭ ārakạ Cārukīrti, Sohanlāl Sañcetī, and other Jains in India, my research on Jaina relic stūpas would not have been possible. I would like to thank all of them. I also wish to express my gratitude to Bansidhar Bhatt, Willem B. -
Jogsanjog.Com Classified Adveritsement Last Updated on :- 1
Jogsanjog.com Classified Adveritsement Last Updated on :- 30 September 2021 DOB, time and birth Education Profession / Salary/Income PM/PA/Occupation Matri id Name Nanihal , Origin Height Father 's information place 'M' if manglik Details MBBS MBBS MD in respiratory Pursuing Stipend Rs 87500 Retired as Chief General Manager from ONGC (38 30 November 1993 , 3 : Dr Vijendrapal Singh Kachwaha Rajput , PM Resident Doctor, MD in Respiratory Medicine (FINAL Years Service). Presently looking own agriculture work 2885 69 10 , Chhattisgarh , Chouhan Uttar Pradesh Year), Dhiraj Hospital, Sumandeep Vidyapeeth, Pipariya, situated at Kalar ka Nagra, Manigaon, Tehsil Saifai, Raipur (C.G.) Vadodara Etawah (UP) 5 August 1992 , 23 : 15 Dr Raghuraj Singh Rawlot Bhati , Andaman Nicobar Islands Institute of Medical Sciences Port 3122 71 , Rajasthan , Khangar Government Teacher Jodha Rajasthan Blair Nagaur 30 April 1992 , Not Dr Devendra Singh Available , Madhya 2428 Rathore , Rajasthan 72 MBBS, MS ( Ear Nose and Throat) , 10 Lakh ENT Surgeon Business Chawda Pradesh , Barnagar ujjain 20 December 1993 , 10 B.PHARMA , Field Officer Kansa, Co.Jalandhar baranch balawat (Rathore) , Senior Teacher (Hindi) Govt High School Siwana 2184 Keshar Partap Dewda 65 : 30 , Rajasthan , Jodhpur (Raj ) Rs 4.00 LPA, Field Officer unimark helth thcare Rajasthan (Barmer) Raj siwana LTD Jodhpur (Raj ) 3 February 1990 , 11 : Dr.Aditya Singh Jhala , Madhya Retired deputy commissioner (ministry of labor and 2866 70 30 , Madhya Pradesh , MBBS - MUHS, nashik MS (ophthalmology)- Jaipur Rathore Pradesh welfare, central government) Ujjain 25 December 1996 , 9 : Dr. Ishmadhu Singh Chouhan/Vats(Gotra) , M.B.B.S. M.B.B.S. Completed In March 2021 and currently 3132 70 15 , Rajasthan , Sawai Manager Baroda Rajasthan Kshetriya Gramin Bank Rajawat Rajasthan preparing for Post Graduation. -
UNIVERSITY COLLEGE of COMMERCE and MANAGEMENT STUDIES MOHANLAL SUKHADIA UNIVERSITY, UDAIPUR FINAL ELECTROL LIST 2018 Sr.No
UNIVERSITY COLLEGE OF COMMERCE AND MANAGEMENT STUDIES MOHANLAL SUKHADIA UNIVERSITY, UDAIPUR FINAL ELECTROL LIST 2018 Sr.No. Name Fname Degree 1 AAFREEN KHAN SHAKIL KHAN B.Com - Ist Year 2 AANCHAL JAIN PRAKASH JAIN B.Com - Ist Year 3 AASHI MAHESHWARI KAILASH CHANDRA LAWTI B.Com - Ist Year 4 AAYUSHI JAROLI MAHAVEER KUMAR JAROLI B.Com - Ist Year 5 AAYUSHI KALRA SURESH KALRA B.Com - Ist Year 6 ABDE ALI HUSSAMUDDIN B.Com - Ist Year 7 ABDE ALI AMERNATHWALA SHAFAKKAT AMERNATHWALA B.Com - Ist Year 8 ABDUL KADIR JUZER ATTARI JUZER ATTARI B.Com - Ist Year 9 ABDUL MOINUDDIN KHAN ABBAS KHAN B.Com - Ist Year 10 ABDUTTAIYEB MAMJI YUSUF ALI BOHRA B.Com - Ist Year 11 ABHAY KUMAR PATEL RAM LAL B.Com - Ist Year 12 ABHINAV DALAL NAVEEN DALAL B.Com - Ist Year 13 ABHISHAK KAVDIYA MAHENDRA KAVDIYA B.Com - Ist Year 14 ABHISHEK DAK JEEVAN LAL DAK B.Com - Ist Year 15 ABHISHEK DHANGAR MADAN LAL DHANGAR B.Com - Ist Year 16 ABHISHEK GARG VINOD KUMAR GARG B.Com - Ist Year 17 ABHISHEK NIMAWAT SHANKAR NIMAWAT B.Com - Ist Year 18 ABHISHEK PANWAR RAJENDRA PANWAR B.Com - Ist Year 19 ABHISHEK PATIDAR BHANWAR LAL PATIDAR B.Com - Ist Year 20 ABHISHEK SOLANKI PUNA RAM SOLANKI B.Com - Ist Year 21 ABHISHREE BALALA RAJKUMAR BALALA B.Com - Ist Year 22 ABRAR AHMED KAMAR AHMED B.Com - Ist Year 23 ADAM HABIBULLA HAIDER ALI B.Com - Ist Year 24 ADITYA AGRAWAL LOKESH AGRAWAL B.Com - Ist Year 25 ADITYA GODANIA PRAVEEN GODANIA B.Com - Ist Year 26 ADITYA KUMAR JAIN MUKESH KUMAR JAIN B.Com - Ist Year 27 ADITYA PANCHAL DINESH PANCHAL B.Com - Ist Year 28 ADITYA PORWAL AMITABH PORWAL B.Com -
Jogsanjog.Com Classified Adveritsement Last Updated on :- 30 September 2021
JOGSANJOG.COM CLASSIFIED ADVERITSEMENT LAST UPDATED ON :- 30 SEPTEMBER 2021 DOB, time and birth Education Profession / Salary/Income PM/PA Matri id Name Nanihal , Origin Height Father 's information place 'M' if manglik /Occupation Details M.PHIL IN CLINICAL PSYCHOLOGY (RCI LICENCED) MASTERS IN PSYCHOLOGY (BANASTHALI UNIVERSITY ) BACHELORS OF ARTS ( SOPHIA COLLEGE, AJMER) , CONSULTANT CLINICAL PSYCHOLOGIST AT GOYAL HOSPITAL, MANIDHARI HOSPITAL, VASUNDHRA HOSPITAL, VRINDAVAN 5 October 1994 , 3 : 32 PSYCHIATRIC CENTRE DIRECTOR AT AMELIORATE ( Priyadarshini Udawat (Rathore) , 8240 63 , Rajasthan , PSYCHOLOGY CENTRE) COUNSELLOR AT JODHPUR Business Rajawat Rajasthan JODHPUR DISTRICT ARMY ORGANISATION MONTHLY 90,000, CONSULTANT CLINICAL PSYCHOLOGIST AT GOYAL HOSPITAL, MANIDHARI HOSPITAL, VASUNDHRA HOSPITAL, VRINDAVAN PSYCHIATRIC CENTRE DIRECTOR AT AMELIORATE ( PSYCHOLOGY CENTRE) COUNSELLOR AT JODHPUR DISTRICT ARMY ORGANISATION 20 September 1990 , 8123 Dr Kusum Nathawat Rajasthan 66 Not Available , MBBS, Doctor Rajasthan , Jaipur Rathore- mertiya , 7 May 1996 , 2 : 45 , DVM (doctor of veterinary medicine) from CVAS, bikane, Assistant administrative officer at govt.medical 8173 Yashmita Shekhawat 64 Rajasthan Rajasthan , Jaipur Inte, ship student, Pursuing internship from CVAS, bikaner college and hospital,sikar 1 February 1991 , 5 : 0 Bachelor of Homeopathy Medicine and Surgery, 7515 Dr Neha Chauhan Tanwar , Rajasthan 64 Government servant in Rajasthan Khadi Board Jaipur , Rajasthan , Jaipur Successfully running Her own clinic at our residence -
July 2016 Final Pages for Web Edition.Pmd
Regd. With Registrar of Newspaper for India No. MAHBIL/2013/50453 ISSN 2454--7697 `¡É¥ÉÖu Y´É{É' NÉÖWùÉlÉÒ-+ÅOÉàY ´ÉºÉÇ : 4 (HÖ±É ´ÉºÉÇ 64) +ÅH : 4 WÖ±ÉÉ> 2016 Ê´ÉJ©É »ÉÅ´ÉlÉ 2072 ´ÉÒù »ÉÅ´ÉlÉ 2542 +ºÉÉh »ÉÖq ÊlÉÊoÉ 12 • • • ¸ÉÒ ©ÉÖÅ¥É> Wä{É «ÉÖ´ÉH »ÉÅPÉ ~ÉÊmÉHÉ • • • (¡ÉÉùÅ§É »É{É 1929oÉÒ) • • ´ÉÉʺÉÇH ±É´ÉÉW©É °É.200/- • • • • UÚ÷H {ÉH±É °É. 20/- • • ©ÉÉ{Éq lÉÅmÉÒ : eÉè. »ÉàW±É ¶Éɾ XlÉ»ÉÅ´ÉÉq XlÉ©ÉÅoÉ{É »ÉÉoÉà HÉà> ¥ÉÉ¥ÉlÉ{ÉÖÅ »ÉÉäoÉÒ ´ÉyÉÖ ©É¾n´É ¾Éà«É lÉÉà lÉà Uà +Él©É»É{©ÉÉ{É{ÉÒ ùKÉÉ HùÉà +{Éà ¥ÉÒX{ÉÉ +Él©É»É{©ÉÉ{É ~Éù HqÒ XlÉ»ÉÅ´ÉÉq. XlÉ »ÉÉoÉà{ÉÉà »ÉÅ´ÉÉq. +à ©É{ÉÖº«É{ÉÉà ¸Éàºc »ÉÅ´ÉÉq NÉiÉÒ +ÊlÉJ©ÉiÉ {É HùÉà. ~Éù©É ¶ÉÉÅlÉ ¥É{ÉÉà; ~ÉùÅlÉÖ V«ÉÉÅ W°ù ¾Éà«É l«ÉÉÅ ¶ÉHÉ«É. NÉ«ÉÉ +ÅH©ÉÉÅ XlÉ©ÉÅoÉ{É{ÉÒ ´ÉÉlÉ HùÒ +{Éà +ÉWà £ùÒ +à lÉ©ÉÉùÉ ¾ä«ÉÉ{Éà HdiÉ ¥É{ÉÉ´ÉÒ qÉà.' Êq¶ÉÉ©ÉÉÅ oÉÉàeÒ ´ÉÉlÉ Hù´ÉÒ Uà HÉùiÉ +É ©ÉÅoÉ{É »ÉÅ´ÉÉq lÉù£ qÉàùÒ NÉ«ÉÖÅ Hà÷±ÉÒ ©ÉÉà÷Ò ´ÉÉlÉ Uà! »É¾ÖoÉÒ ~ɾà±ÉÉÅ +É~ÉiÉà +É~ÉiÉÒ XlÉ{Éà W Uà. XlÉ »ÉÉoÉà{ÉÉà »ÉÅ´ÉÉq HqÒ ~ÉÚùÉà oÉlÉÉà W {ÉoÉÒ +{Éà lÉà {É oÉÉ«É l«ÉÉÅ Hà{r»oÉ HùÒ +Él©ÉÊ´ÉHÉ»É Hù´ÉÉ{ÉÉà Uà. ©ÉÉà÷à §ÉÉNÉà +É~ÉiÉà +{«É{Éà »ÉÖyÉÒ +É~ÉiÉÒ SÉàlÉ{ÉÉ Y´ÉÅlÉ Uà +{Éà ©ÉÉ~É´ÉÉ©ÉÉÅ ´«É»lÉ ¾Éà>+à Uà. -
List of Officers Who Attended Courses at NCRB
List of officers who attened courses at NCRB Sr.No State/Organisation Name Rank YEAR 2000 SQL & RDBMS (INGRES) From 03/04/2000 to 20/04/2000 1 Andhra Pradesh Shri P. GOPALAKRISHNAMURTHY SI 2 Andhra Pradesh Shri P. MURALI KRISHNA INSPECTOR 3 Assam Shri AMULYA KUMAR DEKA SI 4 Delhi Shri SANDEEP KUMAR ASI 5 Gujarat Shri KALPESH DHIRAJLAL BHATT PWSI 6 Gujarat Shri SHRIDHAR NATVARRAO THAKARE PWSI 7 Jammu & Kashmir Shri TAHIR AHMED SI 8 Jammu & Kashmir Shri VIJAY KUMAR SI 9 Maharashtra Shri ABHIMAN SARKAR HEAD CONSTABLE 10 Maharashtra Shri MODAK YASHWANT MOHANIRAJ INSPECTOR 11 Mizoram Shri C. LALCHHUANKIMA ASI 12 Mizoram Shri F. RAMNGHAKLIANA ASI 13 Mizoram Shri MS. LALNUNTHARI HMAR ASI 14 Mizoram Shri R. ROTLUANGA ASI 15 Punjab Shri GURDEV SINGH INSPECTOR 16 Punjab Shri SUKHCHAIN SINGH SI 17 Tamil Nadu Shri JERALD ALEXANDER SI 18 Tamil Nadu Shri S. CHARLES SI 19 Tamil Nadu Shri SMT. C. KALAVATHEY INSPECTOR 20 Uttar Pradesh Shri INDU BHUSHAN NAUTIYAL SI 21 Uttar Pradesh Shri OM PRAKASH ARYA INSPECTOR 22 West Bengal Shri PARTHA PRATIM GUHA ASI 23 West Bengal Shri PURNA CHANDRA DUTTA ASI PC OPERATION & OFFICE AUTOMATION From 01/05/2000 to 12/05/2000 1 Andhra Pradesh Shri LALSAHEB BANDANAPUDI DY.SP 2 Andhra Pradesh Shri V. RUDRA KUMAR DY.SP 3 Border Security Force Shri ASHOK ARJUN PATIL DY.COMDT. 4 Border Security Force Shri DANIEL ADHIKARI DY.COMDT. 5 Border Security Force Shri DR. VINAYA BHARATI CMO 6 CISF Shri JISHNU PRASANNA MUKHERJEE ASST.COMDT. 7 CISF Shri K.K. SHARMA ASST.COMDT. -
Written by Rajendra Mehta
WRITTEN BY RAJENDRA MEHTA JAIN SOCIETY OF Central Florida 407 W Citrus St, Altamonte Springs, FL 32714 2018-2019 Jain Society of Central Florida, Orlando, Florida, U.S.A. Anila Vijay Poonai Tirth Past, Present and Future Written and Compiled by Rajendra Mehta This Document is dedicated to JSOCF Members and Dr. Vijaybhai Poonai and Late Dr. Anilaben Poonai And Mehta Family And All departed JSOCF Souls from this World JAIN SOCIETY OF Central Florida 407 W Citrus St, Altamonte Springs, FL 32714 2018-2019 JAIN SOCIETY OF Central Florida 407 W Citrus St, Altamonte Springs, FL 32714 2018-2019 Dear Sadharmik Bhais and Bens: It was my long dream since 2013, when we built Shikharbandhi temple, to write a history of Jain Society of Central Florida (JSOCF), Altamonte Springs, FL and try to explain each and every idol put in the new temple. Finally, my dream came true and after six years of my effort and with the help of some Jain community members in India, finally I have put together this document. It took me this long because I had to struggle to get lots of information and talked to many scholars, Sadhus in India to get information, particularly about Dev Devies, particularly 16 Vidya Devies, as this information is not available in original Jain scriptures. Dev Devies came about seventh century in the era of Sri Yasovijay Maharaj Saheb. He was the big sadhak of Sri Saraswati Devi. With the help of her sadhana, he convinced many Brahamins about Jain religion and philosophy. I would like to thank Dr. -
International Conference on Science and Jain Philosophy
Knowledge may be destructive; Enlightenment is always constructive. InternationalInternational ConferenceConference onon ScienceScience andand JainJain PhilosophyPhilosophy JanuaryJanuary 8-10,8-10, 20162016 || VVenue:enue: IITIIT BombayBombay Register online at www.icsjp.org E-mail: [email protected] Contact +91 96198 21485, +91 98196 04985 Secretariat Noble Mission. Global Vision. BX-01, Woodland, H8, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai, Mumbai – 400 076. Organized by In collaboration with Follow us on Bhagawan Mahavira International Research Centre, IIT Bombay International Conference on Science and Jain Philosophy Jain Vishva Bharati Institute (Deemed University), Ladnun, Rajasthan, India University of Mumbai Somaiya Vidyavihar @jainphilosophy Knowledge Partner Centre for Philosophy and Foundations of Science, New Delhi Knowledge precedes conduct. Knowledge comes - Mahavira from learning, wisdom comes from awakening. OBJECTIVE In spite of the unprecedented advancements in science and technology, the scientists themselves have accepted their limitations with regards to knowledge of ultimate truths. They also agree that the global problems like violence, global warming, ORGANIZER disparity etc. have intensified as the consequences of wanton use of technology. On the other hand, the ancient wisdom, manifested in Bhagawan Mahavira International Research Centre (BMIRC) the "darshan" (vision) of the sages and seers, especially the Jain Tirthankars, have deeper vision of ultimate reality which includes With a view to integrate science and Jain philosophy and to evolve a Consciousness as well as the physical world. On the basis of this scientific approach to understanding of Jain traditions, BMIRC has kind of intuitive vision, they have prescribed certain spiritual recently been established at Jain Vishva Bharati Institute (Deemed techniques to mitigate the destructive emotions, giving birth to the University), Ladnun, Rajasthan. -
02. Tapodhan Shrimad Rajendrasuri
02. Tapodhan Shrimad Rajendrasuri Birth: Rajasthan is known for brave warriors. It also produced several saints. We can see many monuments of Jainism and Indian civilization in Jaipur, Jesalmer, Ajmer, Pushkar Ranakpur, Abu- Delwada, Mahavirji, Kotah, Padmapura, Chittore, Kesariyaji, Shreenathji, Nakoda etc. There is a famous town Bharatpur, where once great warriors and prominent persons lived. RatnaRaj was born to the couple Hrushabhdas Parakh and Kesribai on December 3, 1827. The couple had an elder son Manikchand and younger daughter Premabai. Childhood and Trade: The child RatnaRaj had very high latency right from his birth. He respected his parents and elders deeply, his nature was peaceful, he kept himself away from quarrels and disturbances. He used to be with saints and teachers. At the age of twelve he went on pilgrimage to Kesariyaji and other places with his elder brother. He was more interested in religious study than ordinary learning of schools. He went to Sri Lanka at the age of 16 with his elder brother for business purposes. He went round Calcutta and other cities also while returning home. After the death of his parents, he tended to be detached from worldly affairs. He got more time for religious rites, study and meditation. He became more and more religious minded day by day. Detachment and Yati-Dixa: In 1854 AD Shri Pramodsooriji happened to be in the town with his disciples. RatnaRaj thought to take Dixa-initiation. He expressed his desire to his elder brother and finally took Dixa in 1847 AD at the hands of Shri HemVijayaji. RatnaRaj was now named RatnaVijayaji. -
Mandsaur.Pdf
ONLINE_ DOMICILE_ HSE_PER ONLINE_ HSE_50_ GEND ASS_50_ MERIT_M APPLICATION_NO FIRST_NAME LAST_NAME DOB DISTRICT_N CASTE CENTAG ASS_SC WEIGHTA ER WEIGHTA ARKS AME E ORE GE GE 030812057834 SHYAMLAL PRAJAPAT 16/07/1986 Mandsaur OBC M 84.89 74 42.45 37 79.45 030812011470 NANU RAM PATIDAR 10/05/1988 Mandsaur OBC M 83.11 69 41.56 34.5 76.06 030812117918 PIYUSH CHOUBEY 10/12/1991 Mandsaur UR M 86.44 64 43.22 32 75.22 030812057574 NAVEEN SHARMA 01/10/1988 Mandsaur UR M 83.33 66 41.67 33 74.67 030312057017 RAVIKANT GUPTA 14/10/1989 Mandsaur UR M 82 66 41 33 74 030812080987 KAMLESH KUMAR RAIKWAR 05/07/1988 Mandsaur SC M 82 65 41 32.5 73.5 030112004732 KULDEEP MAKWANA 18/02/1987 Mandsaur SC M 85.56 60 42.78 30 72.78 030812012993 DEEPIKA BAIRAGEE 15/02/1990 Mandsaur OBC M 72.89 72 36.45 36 72.45 030812087901 VANDANA KUNWAR SHAKTAWAT 25/07/1991 Mandsaur UR F 79.33 65 39.67 32.5 72.17 030312012267 SAMARTH DAS 10/02/1990 Mandsaur OBC M 84.22 60 42.11 30 72.11 030812024093 DEEPAK GUPTA 09/11/1987 Mandsaur UR M 85.33 57 42.67 28.5 71.17 030812115648 BADRILAL PRAJAPAT 15/10/1985 Mandsaur OBC M 72.2 70 36.1 35 71.1 030812088825 CHANDRA PRAKASH GEHLOT 09/11/1979 Mandsaur OBC M 63.11 79 31.56 39.5 71.06 030812041450 VISHAL PAL 08/08/1987 Mandsaur OBC M 79.56 62 39.78 31 70.78 030812002737 RITURAJ SOLANKI 15/08/1987 Mandsaur OBC M 75.33 66 37.67 33 70.67 030812110217 MAMATA CHANDRAWAT 20/06/1988 Mandsaur UR F 70.89 70 35.45 35 70.45 030812050157 ASHISH DAPKARA 24/11/1988 Mandsaur UR M 80.89 60 40.45 30 70.45 030812040345 NITESH GHATIYA 05/07/1987 Mandsaur -
Jainism in Medieval India (1300-1800) Prologue
JAINISM IN MEDIEVAL INDIA (1300-1800) PROLOGUE - English Translation by S.M. Pahedia It is essential to weigh the contemporary social and political background while considering the conditions and thriving of Jainism in mediaeval India. During this period, Indian society was traditionally divided into Hindu and Jain religion. Buddhism had well-nigh disappeared from Indian scenario. The Indian socio-cultural infrastructure faced sufficient change owing to the influence of Islam that infiltrated into India through the medium of the Arab, the Turk, the Mughal and the Afghan attacks. Though the new entrants too were by and large divided into Sunni, Shiya and Sufi sects, they were all bound firmly to Islam. Ofcourse, Islam brought in new life-values and life-styles in Indian life owing to which the inevitability for reconsidering the shape of social structure and traditional-philosophico facets was felt, perhaps very badly. And this very condition caused rise of some new sects like Bhakti, Saint and Sikh invigorated primarily by the Vedantist, Ramanuja, Madhav, Nimbark, Ramanand Chaitanya, Vallabha etc. With this cultural background, centuries old Digambara and Shavetambara amnay (tradition) was telling its own separate tale. Fore more than one reason, these branches were further divided into sects, sub-sects, ganas , gachchas , anvayas , sanghas & C. as time rolled by. Same way, Bhattaraka, Chaityavasi, Taranpanth, Sthanakvasi practices came into view introducing their own religious formalities, life-fashions, code of conduct, and to some extent the philosophical views. Such being the condition, Jainism of medioeval India witnessed its wide extension. At the same time, it met with certain difficulty also. -
Jain Prayers
____________________________________________________________________________________ Jain Philosophy and Practice - 2 (JAINA Education Series 401 - Level 4) August 31, 2013 Compiled by JAINA Education Committee Federation of Jain Associations in North America ____________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________ Jain Philosophy and Practice - 2 (JAINA Education Series 401- Level 4) Draft Copy (August 31, 2013) This book has no copyright for Personal and Private Use Please use the religious material respectfully We are interested in your comments. Use following address for communication. Compiled by: JAINA Education Committee Federation of Jain Associations in North America Pravin K. Shah, Chairperson 509 Carriage Woods Circle Raleigh, NC 27607-3969 USA Email - [email protected] Telephone and Fax - 919-859-4994 Websites – www.jaineLibrary.org Published and Distributed by: Jain Education International 821E, Artesia Blvd Carson, CA 90746-1203 USA Email - [email protected] Telephone and Fax - 919-859-4994 Websites – www.jaineLibrary.org ____________________________________________________________________________________ 2 JAIN PHILOSOPHY AND PRACTICE - 2 ____________________________________________________________________________________ DEDICATED TO Young Jains of America (YJA) (www.yja.org) Young Jain Professionals (YJP) and (www.yjponline.org) Jain Päthashälä Teachers of North America (www.jainelibrary.org) For their continued