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VIETNAM: Country Dossier

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VIETNAM: Country Dossier VIETNAM: Country Dossier December 2018 Open Doors International / World Watch Research Unit December 2018 [email protected] www.opendoorsanalytical.org This version has been prepared by Open Doors Norway VIETNAM – WWR Country Dossier – December 2018 World Watch List 2019 1 VIETNAM – WWR Country Dossier – December 2018 VIETNAM – Country Dossier (December 2018) No copyright - This report is the property of World Watch Research (WWR), the research department of Open Doors International. It may be used and distributed free of charge, but please always acknowledge WWR as the source. Contents World Watch List 2019 .................................................................................................................. 1 VIETNAM – Country Dossier (December 2018) ............................................................................. 2 Contents .................................................................................................................................... 2 Introduction .............................................................................................................................. 4 WWL 2019: Keys to understanding Vietnam ................................................................................ 5 Link for general background information ................................................................................. 5 Recent country history .............................................................................................................. 5 The religious landscape ............................................................................................................. 5 The political landscape .............................................................................................................. 6 The socio-economic landscape ................................................................................................. 6 Concluding remarks .................................................................................................................. 7 External Links - WWL 2019: Keys to understanding Vietnam ................................................... 7 WWL 2019: Church History and Facts ........................................................................................... 9 How many Christians? ............................................................................................................... 9 How did Christians get there? ................................................................................................... 9 What church networks eXist today? ......................................................................................... 9 Religious context ..................................................................................................................... 10 Notes on the current situation ................................................................................................ 10 External Links - WWL 2019: Church History and Facts ............................................................ 11 WWL 2019: Short & Simple Persecution Profile ......................................................................... 12 Introduction ............................................................................................................................ 12 What type of persecution dominates? ................................................................................... 12 Who is driving persecution? ................................................................................................... 12 What it results in ..................................................................................................................... 12 Violence .................................................................................................................................. 12 Examples of specific persecution in the reporting period ...................................................... 13 External Links - WWL 2019: Short & Simple Persecution Profile ............................................ 13 WWL 2019: Persecution Dynamics ............................................................................................. 14 2 VIETNAM – WWR Country Dossier – December 2018 Introduction ............................................................................................................................ 14 Position on World Watch List (WWL) ...................................................................................... 14 Persecution engines ................................................................................................................ 14 Drivers of persecution ............................................................................................................. 15 Context .................................................................................................................................... 16 Christian communities and how they are affected ................................................................. 17 Pressure in the 5 spheres of life and violence ........................................................................ 18 5 Year trends ........................................................................................................................... 21 Gender specific persecution ................................................................................................... 23 Persecution of other religious minorities ................................................................................ 23 Future outlook ........................................................................................................................ 24 External Links - WWL 2019: Persecution Dynamics ................................................................ 25 Additional Reports and Articles .................................................................................................. 27 WWR in-depth reports ............................................................................................................ 27 Open Doors article(s) from the region .................................................................................... 27 World Watch Monitor news articles ....................................................................................... 27 Recent country developments ................................................................................................ 27 3 VIETNAM – WWR Country Dossier – December 2018 Introduction This country report is a collation of documents based around Open Doors World Watch List (WWL)1 including statistical information on world religions, Christian denominations, and people groups prepared by the World Christian Database (WCD)2. Further news and analysis is supplied by World Watch Monitor3 and WWR staff. World Watch List Vietnam Points WWL Rank WWL 2019 70 20 WWL 2018 69 18 WWL 2017 71 17 WWL 2016 66 20 WWL 2015 68 16 Scores and ranks are shown above whenever the country was among the fifty highest scoring countries (Top 50) in the WWL 2015-2019 reporting periods. Please note: The highlighted links in the text can be found written out in full at the conclusion of each main section under the heading “External links”. 1 See: https://www.opendoorsuk.org/persecution/countries/ 2 WCD website: http://www.brill.com/publications/online-resources/world-christian-database 3 See: https://www.worldwatchmonitor.org/ 4 VIETNAM – WWR Country Dossier – December 2018 WWL 2019: Keys to understandinG Vietnam Link for General BackGround information BBC country profile: http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-asia-pacific-16567315 Recent country history Vietnam became a unified state at the end of the US-Vietnam War in 1975 and has remained one of the few remaining Communist states to this day. All power lies with the Communist Party and only since 2010 have the executive and decision-makers in the politburo started a dialogue with the National Assembly, which has been elected, but not under free and fair conditions. Due to Vietnam’s large population and geographical position, the economy is developing fast. Political development is slow in comparison. More important than the National Assembly are the decisions the Party will be taking in the future. Vietnam determined a new leadership in January 2016 during its 12th Party Congress, leaving the most important and influential post of Secretary-General unchanged. This was a clear sign of continuity and it is therefore to be expected that the government’s comparatively liberal economic approach will held in bounds by strict political control. Civil rights or freedom of religion will still be elusive, especially with the new law on religion enforced. A "rising star" in the Communist Party was surprisingly demoted for corruption in May 2017, showing that the Party will fight off any perceived danger. Other members of the Communist Party have been sentenced to long prison terms for corruption and it is not clear if this is more about the Party's efforts to eradicate corruption or rather due to political in-fighting. After the death of the country's president at the age of 61 in September 2018, the General-Secretary of the Communist Party, Nguyen Phu Trong, was appointed to take over the presidency, which shows that the consolidation of Communist ideology will remain key in the years to come. The reliGious landscape The religious affiliation of Vietnam’s citizens is a matter of much debate. Whereas the World Christian Database says that almost half of the
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