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Freedom of Belief and Religion in Vietnam: Activities of Beliefs, Religious and Policies Pjaee, 18(4) (2021)

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Freedom of Belief and Religion in Vietnam: Activities of Beliefs, Religious and Policies Pjaee, 18(4) (2021) FREEDOM OF BELIEF AND RELIGION IN VIETNAM: ACTIVITIES OF BELIEFS, RELIGIOUS AND POLICIES PJAEE, 18(4) (2021) FREEDOM OF BELIEF AND RELIGION IN VIETNAM: ACTIVITIES OF BELIEFS, RELIGIOUS AND POLICIES Huynh Thi Gam Academy of Politics Region II, Ho Chi Minh National Academy of Politics, No. 99 Man Thien Street, HiepPhu Ward, District 9, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam. Huynh Thi Gam , Freedom Of Belief And Religion In Vietnam: Activities Of Beliefs, Religious And Policies , Palarch’s Journal Of Archaeology Of Egypt/Egyptology 18(4). ISSN 1567-214x. Keywords: Freedom of belief and religion,activities of beliefs and religious, policies of Vietnam. ABSTRACT: Currently, the right to freedom of religion and belief in Vietnam is always guaranteed and improved increasingly according to the development trend of the country and the general trend of the times. In Vietnam today, it is quite vibrant and diverse with many different forms of belief and religious activities, many different religious organizations and organizational models. The establishment of religious organizations reflects the State’s concern in the consistent exercise of the right to freedom of belief and religion, and affirms that Vietnam does not distinguish between people of beliefs or are not; does not discriminate against or discriminate against any religion, whether endogenous or transmitted from abroad, whether it is a religion that has long-term stability or has just been recognized. This study focuses on analyzing the activity of belief, religion as well as religious policy in Vietnam today. From there, raising the awareness of people about activity of the beliefs, religions and religious policies of Vietnam. INTRODUCTION: Vietnam is a country with diverse types of beliefs and religions and many people follow beliefs and religions (Anh, 1930 & 1960; Dinh, 1970l Giau, 1973). Including beliefs and religions, Vietnam has over 90% of the population having beliefs and religions, including 24 million followers of religions, accounting for 27% of the population (Government Committee for Religious Affairs, 2019). 7825 FREEDOM OF BELIEF AND RELIGION IN VIETNAM: ACTIVITIES OF BELIEFS, RELIGIOUS AND POLICIES PJAEE, 18(4) (2021) Over the past years, the guarantee of Vietnam’s right to freedom of belief and religion has achieved many outstanding achievements (Long & Van, 2019 & 2020; Dao & Van, 2020). Large-scale religious and belief activities are supported and facilitated (Van, 2019 & 2020). The number of monks, laypeople, and worshiping facilities is increasing day by day. The country currently has more than 57,000 dignitaries, over 147,000 posts, and nearly 30,000 worshiping establishments. Vietnam currently has more than 26 million followers with 43 organizations belonging to 16 state-recognized religions (Government Committee for Religious Affairs, 2019). In the process of campaigning for the revolution and managing and administering the country, the Party and the State of Vietnam always paid attention to religion and had suitable policies for religion in each revolutionary period, on the basis of respect and guarantee the people’s right to freedom of belief and religion (Communist Party of Vietnam, 1974, 1982, 1986). Entering the “Innovation” period, with the motto of looking back and fundamentally renovating religion and religious work, and at the same time set in the conditions of openness and international integration, the Party and State issued many new guidelines and policies on religion, defining religion as the spiritual need of a part of the people, implementing the policy of respecting freedom of belief and religion; recognize and promote the positive ethical and cultural values of religion; at the same time, to continue the policy of religious solidarity in the block of great national unity to realize the goal of building a rich, strong, democratic, equitable and civilized Vietnam (Communist Party of Vietnam, 1991, 1996, 2011, 2006, 2011, 2016). The legal corridor in religious activities is also supplemented and completed day by day with the aim of better meeting the cultural and spiritual needs of both religious and non-religious people within the legal framework (National Assembly of the communist country Socialist Republic of Vietnam, 1992 & 2013). Ensuring that believers and laypeople have religious activities within the legal framework is one of the important bases for consensus, cohesion, and promotion of fellow religions in the great unity bloc clan. Each country, due to the characteristics of geography, population, history, economy, society, and especially different cultural strata, has formed its own characteristics of beliefs and religions. Also, beliefs and religions in Vietnam have their own characteristics (Dao & Van, 2020). Learn about religious approaches, compare beliefs with religions, at the same time, introduce types of beliefs and types of religions in Vietnam, including new and strange religions (currently new religious statues) is a problem posing for Vietnam in the current period. AWARENESS OF BELIEFS AND RELIGIONS: Awareness of religions in Vietnam: By the time of the 2019 Census, there are 16 religions allowed to operate in the territory of Vietnam. A total of 13.2 million people follow the religion, accounting for 13.7% of the total population of the country. In particular, the number of Catholics is the largest with 5.9 million people, accounting for 44.6% of the total number of religious followers and 6.1% of the country’s total population. Buddhism: Among the religions in Vietnam, Buddhism has the largest number of followers. According to the statistics of the Vietnam Government Committee for Religious Affairs in 2005, there are currently nearly 10 million Buddhists, (according to the statistics of the Buddhist Church of Vietnam, there are nearly 45 million followers nationwide. The Three Jewels, which have 839 Buddhist family units) and about 44,498 monks and nuns; more than 14,775 monks, 7826 FREEDOM OF BELIEF AND RELIGION IN VIETNAM: ACTIVITIES OF BELIEFS, RELIGIOUS AND POLICIES PJAEE, 18(4) (2021) nuns, nuns, monasteries, Buddhist temples throughout the country. In addition, between 80% and 90% of the Vietnamese population is inclined to Buddhism. There are two branches of Buddhism in Vietnam, Mahayana, and Theravada. Mahayana Buddhism first entered the Red River Delta of Vietnam around 200 years ago and became the most popular religion in the whole country, while Theravada Buddhism from India to the south of the Mekong Delta from around 300 - 600 and became the main religion in the southern delta region of Vietnam. Roman Catholicism, or Roman Catholicism, first came to Vietnam during the Le Mat dynasty (early 16th century in Nam Dinh) by Spanish and Portuguese missionaries, before Vietnam was a Colonial France. France encourages people to follow a new religion because they think it will help balance the number of followers of Buddhism and the newly introduced Western culture. First, this religion spread among the population of coastal provinces of Thai Binh, Nam Dinh, NinhBinh, Thanh Hoa, then spread to the Red River delta and urban areas. Currently, in Vietnam, there are about 5.5 million Catholics and about 6,000 churches in many parts of the country. Cao Dai, or Dai Dao Tam Ky Pho Do, is an indigenous religion in Vietnam founded by Ngo Van Chieu, Cao Quynh Cu, Pham Cong Tac in 1926, with the center being TayNinh Holy See. This religion worships Cao Dai (or God), Buddha, and Jesus. Cao Dai is a reformed type of Buddhism with additional principles of Confucianism, Taoism, and Christianity. The Cao Dai followers practice such teachings as not killing, being honest, sociable, doing good, fleeing evil, helping around, praying, worshiping ancestors, and practicing love of all kinds through Fasting with the minimum goal of bringing happiness to everyone, bringing people back to God in the Heavenly Yard and the ultimate goal is to bring all kinds of people out of samsara. There are about 2.4 million Caodaists in Vietnam, distributed mainly in the Southern provinces (especially TayNinh) and about 30,000 more followers living in the United States, Europe, and Australia. HoaHao religion, or HoaHao Buddhism, is a Vietnamese religion closely associated with Buddhist traditions, founded by Huynh Phu So in 1939 in HoaHao village, Tan Chau district (now An Giang province), Chau Doc. HoaHao religion develops in the southwestern region, calling on people to live in harmony. This religion highly values the philosophy of “Buddha at heart”, promotes simple worship rituals (only flowers and clean water), and eliminates superstition. The ceremonies are held very simply and modestly, with no food or drinks, or no festivals. The ceremony, weddings, or funerals are not as picky as is often found in other religions. Dao has no monks, no church organization, but only a few dignitaries take care of the religion and the whole life. There are about 1.3 million HoaHao followers, concentrated mainly in the southwestern region (especially the Long Xuyen quadrilateral). Protestantism was introduced into Vietnam in 1911. At first, this religion was only allowed in French-controlled regions and banned in other regions. Until 1920, the Protestants were allowed to operate throughout Vietnam. In 2004, the number of Protestants in Vietnam was about 1 million, mainly concentrated in Ho Chi Minh City, the Central Highlands, and the Northwest. 7827 FREEDOM OF BELIEF AND RELIGION IN VIETNAM: ACTIVITIES OF BELIEFS, RELIGIOUS AND POLICIES PJAEE, 18(4) (2021) Islam: It is said that Islam was first introduced into Vietnam around the 10th and 11th centuries in the Cham community. In 2004, there were about 60,000 Muslims in Vietnam, mainly in BinhThuan, NinhThuan, An Giang, TayNinh, Dong Nai, Ho Chi Minh City, etc. There are two Muslim sects of the Cham: the Cham people in Chau Doc, Ho Chi Minh City. Ho Chi Minh, TayNinh, and Dong Nai are Orthodox Muslims, while the Cham in BinhThuan and NinhThuan follow the Cham Ba Ni sect - with the combination of Islam and Brahmanism.
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