DOCSLIB.ORG

Ulysses's Journey and Homer's Odyssey

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Ulysses's Journey and Homer's Odyssey Ulysses’s Journey and Homer’s Odyssey: An Eternal Return MARTINA TREU Abstract Homer’s Odyssey provides a perfect case for showing the eternal return of the Greek myths in contemporary literature, and culture: tales of Ulysses’s journeys have always been popular, till nowadays. He is the only survivor of an entire crew: he safely arrived home alone, and soon left, heading for a new journey. Today, in a way, he keeps coming back, on and on: in all sort of books, in fine arts, inside and outside theatres. Ulysses and his myth are also “surfing the web”, as I proved with a recent survey on the use of the terms ‘Odyssey’, ‘Odysseus’, and ‘Ulysses’, on the Internet. Moreover, the last decades recorded, all over the world, an increasing amount of modern versions of Odyssey, and related myths. I focus particularly on the most recent translations and adaptations for the stage: many of them are dedicated to those who did not come back home – unlike Ulysses – or did not survive at all. In 2010, for instance, the Italian playwright and director Marco Martinelli wrote Rumore di Acque (“Noise in the Waters”), a play later translated into English, French, German, and other languages. Ulysses’s myth and its happy end are reversed, in his antiheroic Odyssey, inspired by the tragic death of immigrants, in the shipwreck of their boats, while they try to reach Southern Italy and Sicily. The play was staged in Lampedusa – the island on Italy’s Southern border where many ships land, and countless corpses are found – and it is still on tour in Europe, Africa, and U.S. Meanwhile, other international projects inspired by Ulysses’s journeys tell us the “Odyssey of Nobodies”, while thousands of unnamed sailors keep challenging the waves, as they have done since the Minoan Age, across the Mediterranean Sea. Keywords Homer; Odyssey, Ulysses; Travel; Shipwreck. 1. A never-ending journey. Among ancient myths, and figures, those which appear in the so-called Homeric poems (Iliad and Odyssey) are increasingly popular, worldwide, especially in the past decade, thanks to translations, adaptations, performances, and public readings.1 Not only epic poems can count on a large audience, but they are the object of more and more reception studies in recent years: international conferences, essays on Journal of Comparative Literature and Aesthetics, Vol.40.2 : 2017 single authors or specific aspects, collections of studies on a range of examples all over the world. The complex interaction between epic, drama and performance (especially ‘durational performance’) is well-synthesised in the Call for Papers of the Panel “Performing Epic/Epic Performance” at the Tenth Celtic Conference in Classics: Especially interesting are those adaptations that attempt to capture the ‘epicness’ of the original: National Theatre of Wales’ ‘Marathon’ production of Christopher Logue’s War Music; Stathis Livathinos’ five- hour Iliad; the Almeida’s day-long readings of the Iliad and the Odyssey. Outside of Homeric adaptations, durational performances have become more popular and internationally recognised, including those based on the Classics, like Sean Graney’s All Our Tragic or Jan Fabre’s Mount Olympus: To glorify the cult of tragedy, and others not, like Taylor Mac’s 24-Decade History of Popular Music. How can contemporary durational performance lend new insight into the Homeric performance tradition?.2 The reception of the Odyssey, in particular, rapidly expands across all genres and medias, from cinema to TV, and radio, from children books to comics. On these premises, of course, it would be impossible to treat adequately all aspects of this heterogeneous field, in the limited space of this article. Therefore, this article will expose the main thread of my research on some aspects of the contemporary reception of Homer’s Odyssey, and on the common use of the terms ‘Odyssey,’ ‘Odysseus’ and ‘Ulysses.’ S Secondly, some trends and key-themes in reception will be analyzed, with examples, particularly on the international scenes: on stage, the Odyssey is adapted and played worldwide, with a remarkable frequency. Thirdly, a special attention will be given to some theatre productions of the past fifteen years (variously connected not only to the Odyssey, but also to ancient and modern routes across the Mediterranean Sea), with a brief account of the most relevant cases. Before focusing on reception, it is worth remembering that the two surviving poems were originally part of a larger ‘epic cycle’; an extensive narration of the Trojan War and of many related myths, regarding the heroes who took part in it.3 Some of them came back home from Troy, and their adventurous homecoming was sung in a few distinct poems known as “Nostoi” (literally “Returns”). Only one of these poems survived, the Odyssey. Its very name is meaningful still today, trespassing all boundaries of space and time, and becoming even more popular than the hero himself: Odysseus, aka Ulysses, King of Ithaca. Notoriously, he came home from Troy, alone, after a decade spent in travels on the sea: meanwhile, unfortunately, he lost all his ships and comrades. He survived, and he is the only eye-witness of his journey. He (a notorious liar, according to epic and tragic tradition) is in charge of telling us what happened, and carrying the memory of those who perished at Troy, or died in the waves. The happy ending of the poem reflects the good luck of its hero (or anti-hero? The question is open). But the war and the journey, over two decades, have left 104 permanent scars on his skin.4 Ulysses comes home, at last, but the price is high in terms of human lives and sufferings. The seafaring is particularly tragic, for the perils he has to face and for the death of his comrades in arms. 2. Ancient words, modern travellers. The ambivalent legacy of the Homeric hero, and of his adventurous journey, is still visible today all over the world: not only in books, comics, on screen and on stage (as many studies testify), but in a more pervasive, immediate way. The deep roots of Homer’s legacy lie even in current words of everyday life. This is precisely the starting point of my research: many terms related to my subject are still in use, with a striking variety of meanings. In order to show it, as a first step, I searched on the Internet ‘Odyssey’, ‘Odysseus’ and ‘Ulysses’5: most references are related to travel, of course, to seafaring, sailing, homecoming. But they are also popular names for tools, cars, videogames, cruise companies, leisure places, camping sites, hotels, etc. However, the lists of places, objects, persons, events may change consistently from one language to another. Even the numbers of occurrences vary if I look for the same terms in different languages. In English, for instance, I find 10.400.00 results for ‘Odysseus’ and 23.900.000 for ‘Ulysses’, thanks to Joyce’s novel which occurs on top on https://www.google.it/ (Last accessed 28 August 28 2017).6 The name of the hero, in a larger view, fits also a variety of places, objects and events, more or less related to the concept of travel, discovery, and adventure (such as hotels, ships, travel agencies), but also to learning and getting to know people and places (reviews, TV show, schools, etc.). As for ‘Odyssey’ I find 184.000.000 results, including many possible definitions, often ambiguous, suspended between positive and negative meanings, such as “an adventurous /unfortunate journey”, “a long journey full of adventures”.7 On top of the list, after the Homeric poems, stands a recent adaptation written by Simon Armitage, directed by Bob Wilson and produced by the National Theater of Greece and the Piccolo Teatro (Milan). Across the world, theatres and other public spaces host performances and lectures of the poem: at the University of Almeria (Spain), for instance, various chapters have been performed in Spanish over a few years, and are available online.8 There are also hundreds of references to other adaptations of the poem, on stage and on screen, which usually include well-known masterpieces of different genres, from graphic novels to science-fiction movies, such as Stanley Kubrick’s 2001: a Space Odyssey (1968).9 Perhaps under his influence, the name of the poem is quite frequent in cinema. As the most celebrated movies and TV series have been already analysed by many critics, I will focus here on less known examples, which borrow their name from the Odyssey, in order to verify if they share meanings, implications, and concepts. In July 2009, Scottish newspapers described as “an Odyssey in the Highlands” a travelling movie festival named ‘Pilgrimage’ (meant as a mix of pilgrim and image).10 Historical, classical movies were shown inside a mobile cinema on wheels, which travelled through the Highlands; once a day it was also ‘pulled’, with ropes, by the 105 walking pilgrims. In this case, the definition of “Odyssey” was clearly associated to the concept of travel, but also to the effort, and to the passion for cinema, which moved the participants. The festival was created and led by the Scottish actress Tilda Swinton and by the Irish director Marc Cousins. Significantly, the same director later wrote and directed an ambitious and artistic documentary in fifteen episodes: “an epic journey through the history of cinema” entitled The Story of Film: an Odyssey.11 My third, and last example outside theatre, is a TV series produced by NBC (premiere April 5th 2015), simply called Odyssey in UK and, quite significantly, American Odyssey in the U.S. It was meant as a modern-day take on the Odyssey, according to its authors.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • The Humour of Homer
    The Humour of Homer Samuel Butler A lecture delivered at the Working Men's College, Great Ormond Street 30th January, 1892 The first of the two great poems commonly ascribed to Homer is called the Iliad|a title which we may be sure was not given it by the author. It professes to treat of a quarrel between Agamemnon and Achilles that broke out while the Greeks were besieging the city of Troy, and it does, indeed, deal largely with the consequences of this quarrel; whether, however, the ostensible subject did not conceal another that was nearer the poet's heart| I mean the last days, death, and burial of Hector|is a point that I cannot determine. Nor yet can I determine how much of the Iliadas we now have it is by Homer, and how much by a later writer or writers. This is a very vexed question, but I myself believe the Iliadto be entirely by a single poet. The second poem commonly ascribed to the same author is called the Odyssey. It deals with the adventures of Ulysses during his ten years of wandering after Troy had fallen. These two works have of late years been believed to be by different authors. The Iliadis now generally held to be the older work by some one or two hundred years. The leading ideas of the Iliadare love, war, and plunder, though this last is less insisted on than the other two. The key-note is struck with a woman's charms, and a quarrel among men for their possession.
    [Show full text]
  • Ulysses Notes Joe Kelly Chapter 1: Telemachus Stephen Dedalus, A
    Ulysses Notes Joe Kelly Chapter 1: Telemachus Stephen Dedalus, a young poet employed as a school teacher; Buck Mulligan, a med student; and an Englishman called Haines, who is in Ireland to study Celtic culture, spend their morning in their Martello Tower at the seaside resort town of Sandycove, south of Dublin. Stephen, who is mourning for his dead mother, watches Buck shave on the parapet, they discuss things, Buck goes inside to cook breakfast. They all eat while a local farm woman brings them their milk. Then they walk Martello (now called the "Joyce") Tower at down to the "Forty Foot Hole," where Buck Sandycove swims in Dublin Bay. Pay careful attention to what the swimmers say about the Odyssey, Odysseus was missing, Bannons and the photo girl. presumed dead by most, for ten years after the end of the Trojan War, and Look for parallels between Stephen and his palace and wife in Ithaca were Hamlet, on one hand, and Telemachus, the beset by "suitors" who wanted to son of Odysseus, on the other. In the become king. Ulysses is a sequel to Joyce's A Portrait of the Artist as a Young Man, which is a bildungsroman starring Stephen Dedalus. That novel ended with Stephen graduating from University College, Dublin and heading off for Paris to launch his literary career. Two years later, he's back in Dublin, having been summoned home by his mother's illness. So he's something of an Icarus figure also, having tried to fly out of the labyrinth of Ireland to freed om, but having fallen, so to speak.
    [Show full text]
  • Intertextuality in James Joyce's Ulysses
    Intertextuality in James Joyce's Ulysses Assistant Teacher Haider Ghazi Jassim AL_Jaberi AL.Musawi University of Babylon College of Education Dept. of English Language and Literature [email protected] Abstract Technically accounting, Intertextuality designates the interdependence of a literary text on any literary one in structure, themes, imagery and so forth. As a matter of fact, the term is first coined by Julia Kristeva in 1966 whose contention was that a literary text is not an isolated entity but is made up of a mosaic of quotations, and that any text is the " absorption, and transformation of another"1.She defies traditional notions of the literary influence, saying that Intertextuality denotes a transposition of one or several sign systems into another or others. Transposition is a Freudian term, and Kristeva is pointing not merely to the way texts echo each other but to the way that discourses or sign systems are transposed into one another-so that meanings in one kind of discourses are heaped with meanings from another kind of discourse. It is a kind of "new articulation2". For kriszreve the idea is a part of a wider psychoanalytical theory which questions the stability of the subject, and her views about Intertextuality are very different from those of Roland North and others3. Besides, the term "Intertextuality" describes the reception process whereby in the mind of the reader texts already inculcated interact with the text currently being skimmed. Modern writers such as Canadian satirist W. P. Kinsella in The Grecian Urn4 and playwright Ann-Marie MacDonald in Goodnight Desdemona (Good Morning Juliet) have learned how to manipulate this phenomenon by deliberately and continually alluding to previous literary works well known to educated readers, namely John Keats's Ode on a Grecian Urn, and Shakespeare's tragedies Romeo and Juliet and Othello respectively.
    [Show full text]
  • From the Odyssey, Part 1: the Adventures of Odysseus
    from The Odyssey, Part 1: The Adventures of Odysseus Homer, translated by Robert Fitzgerald ANCHOR TEXT | EPIC POEM Archivart/Alamy Stock Photo Archivart/Alamy This version of the selection alternates original text The poet, Homer, begins his epic by asking a Muse1 to help him tell the story of with summarized passages. Odysseus. Odysseus, Homer says, is famous for fighting in the Trojan War and for Dotted lines appear next to surviving a difficult journey home from Troy.2 Odysseus saw many places and met many the summarized passages. people in his travels. He tried to return his shipmates safely to their families, but they 3 made the mistake of killing the cattle of Helios, for which they paid with their lives. NOTES Homer once again asks the Muse to help him tell the tale. The next section of the poem takes place 10 years after the Trojan War. Odysseus arrives in an island kingdom called Phaeacia, which is ruled by Alcinous. Alcinous asks Odysseus to tell him the story of his travels. I am Laertes’4 son, Odysseus. Men hold me formidable for guile5 in peace and war: this fame has gone abroad to the sky’s rim. My home is on the peaked sea-mark of Ithaca6 under Mount Neion’s wind-blown robe of leaves, in sight of other islands—Dulichium, Same, wooded Zacynthus—Ithaca being most lofty in that coastal sea, and northwest, while the rest lie east and south. A rocky isle, but good for a boy’s training; I shall not see on earth a place more dear, though I have been detained long by Calypso,7 loveliest among goddesses, who held me in her smooth caves to be her heart’s delight, as Circe of Aeaea,8 the enchantress, desired me, and detained me in her hall.
    [Show full text]
  • A Level Classical Civilisation Candidate Style Answers
    Qualification Accredited A LEVEL Candidate style answers CLASSICAL CIVILISATION H408 For first assessment in 2019 H408/11: Homer’s Odyssey Version 1 www.ocr.org.uk/alevelclassicalcivilisation A Level Classical Civilisation Candidate style answers Contents Introduction 3 Question 3 4 Question 4 8 Essay question 12 2 © OCR 2019 A Level Classical Civilisation Candidate style answers Introduction OCR has produced this resource to support teachers in interpreting the assessment criteria for the new A Level Classical Civilisation specification and to bridge the gap between new specification’s release and the availability of exemplar candidate work following first examination in summer 2019. The questions in this resource have been taken from the H408/11 World of the Hero specimen question paper, which is available on the OCR website. The answers in this resource have been written by students in Year 12. They are supported by an examiner commentary. Please note that this resource is provided for advice and guidance only and does not in any way constitute an indication of grade boundaries or endorsed answers. Whilst a senior examiner has provided a possible mark/level for each response, when marking these answers in a live series the mark a response would get depends on the whole process of standardisation, which considers the big picture of the year’s scripts. Therefore the marks/levels awarded here should be considered to be only an estimation of what would be awarded. How levels and marks correspond to grade boundaries depends on the Awarding process that happens after all/most of the scripts are marked and depends on a number of factors, including candidate performance across the board.
    [Show full text]
  • Jacques-Louis David
    Jacques-Louis David THE FAREWELL OF TELEMACHUS AND EUCHARIS Jacques-Louis David THE FAREWELL OF TELEMACHUS AND EUCHARIS Dorothy Johnson GETTY MUSEUM STUDIES ON ART Los ANGELES For my parents, Alice and John Winter, and for Johnny Christopher Hudson, Publisher Cover: Mark Greenberg, Managing Editor Jacques-Louis David (French, 1748 — 1825). The Farewell of Telemachus and Eucharis, 1818 Benedicte Gilman, Editor (detail). Oil on canvas, 87.2 x 103 cm (34% x 40/2 in.). Elizabeth Burke Kahn, Production Coordinator Los Angeles, The J. Paul Getty Museum (87.PA.27). Jeffrey Cohen, Designer Lou Meluso, Photographer Frontispiece: (Getty objects, 87.PA.27, 86.PA.740) Jacques-Louis David. Self-Portrait, 1794. Oil on canvas, 81 x 64 cm (31/8 x 25/4 in.). Paris, © 1997 The J. Paul Getty Museum Musee du Louvre (3705). © Photo R.M.N. 17985 Pacific Coast Highway Malibu, California 90265-5799 All works of art are reproduced (and photographs Mailing address: provided) courtesy of the owners, unless otherwise P.O. Box 2112 indicated. Santa Monica, California 90407-2112 Typography by G&S Typesetters, Inc., Library of Congress Austin, Texas Cataloging-in-Publication Data Printed by C & C Offset Printing Co., Ltd., Hong Kong Johnson, Dorothy. Jacques-Louis David, the Farewell of Telemachus and Eucharis / Dorothy Johnson, p. cm.—(Getty Museum studies on art) Includes bibliographical references (p. — ). ISBN 0-89236-236-7 i. David, Jacques Louis, 1748 — 1825. Farewell of Telemachus and Eucharis. 2. David, Jacques Louis, 1748-1825 Criticism and interpretation. 3. Telemachus (Greek mythology)—Art. 4. Eucharis (Greek mythology)—Art. I. Title.
    [Show full text]
  • Myths and Legends: Odysseus and His Odyssey, the Short Version by Caroline H
    Myths and Legends: Odysseus and his odyssey, the short version By Caroline H. Harding and Samuel B. Harding, adapted by Newsela staff on 01.10.17 Word Count 1,415 Level 1030L Escaping from the island of the Cyclopes — one-eyed, ill-tempered giants — the hero Odysseus calls back to the shore, taunting the Cyclops Polyphemus, who heaves a boulder at the ship. Painting by Arnold Böcklin in 1896. SECOND: A drawing of a cyclops, courtesy of CSA Images/B&W Engrave Ink Collection and Getty Images. Greek mythology began thousands of years ago because there was a need to explain natural events, disasters, and events in history. Myths were created about gods and goddesses who had supernatural powers, human feelings and looked human. These ideas were passed down in beliefs and stories. The following stories are about Odysseus, the son of the king of the Greek island of Ithaca and a hero, who was described to be as wise as Zeus, king of the gods. For 10 years, the Greek army battled the Trojans in the walled city of Troy, but could not get over, under or through the walls that protected it. Finally, Odysseus came up with the idea of a large hollow, wooden horse, that would be filled with Greek soldiers. The people of Troy woke one morning and found that no army surrounded the city, so they thought the enemy had returned to their ships and were finally sailing back to Greece. A great horse had been left This article is available at 5 reading levels at https://newsela.com.
    [Show full text]
  • The Cyclops in the Odyssey, Ulysses, and Asterios Polyp: How Allusions Affect Modern Narratives and Their Hypotexts
    THE CYCLOPS IN THE ODYSSEY, ULYSSES, AND ASTERIOS POLYP: HOW ALLUSIONS AFFECT MODERN NARRATIVES AND THEIR HYPOTEXTS by DELLEN N. MILLER A THESIS Presented to the Department of English and the Robert D. Clark Honors College in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Bachelor of Arts December 2016 An Abstract of the Thesis of Dellen N. Miller for the degree of Bachelor of Arts in the Department of English to be taken December 2016 Title: The Cyclops in The Odyssey, Ulysses, and Asterios Polyp: How Allusions Affect Modern Narratives and Their Hypotexts Approved: _________________________________________ Paul Peppis The Odyssey circulates throughout Western society due to its foundation of Western literature. The epic poem thrives not only through new editions and translations but also through allusions from other works. Texts incorporate allusions to add meaning to modern narratives, but allusions also complicate the original text. By tying two stories together, allusion preserves historical works and places them in conversation with modern literature. Ulysses and Asterios Polyp demonstrate the prevalence of allusions in books and comic books. Through allusions to both Polyphemus and Odysseus, Joyce and Mazzucchelli provide new ways to read both their characters and the ancient Greek characters they allude to. ii Acknowledgements I would like to sincerely thank Professors Peppis, Fickle, and Bishop for your wonderful insight and assistance with my thesis. Thank you for your engaging courses and enthusiastic approaches to close reading literature and graphic literature. I am honored that I may discuss Ulysses and Asterios Polyp under the close reading practices you helped me develop.
    [Show full text]
  • Urbs 2 2010.Qxd
    Accademia Urbense - Ovada L’autore di questa ricerca rilascia il testo sotto Giugno 2011 licenza CC BY-SA 3.0 Per una biografia dell’ovadese Ubaldo Arata (1895 - 1947), direttore della fotografia. di Ivo Gaggero L’interesse e la ricerca di Paolo Da apprendista collabora ad un Bavazzano su Ubaldo Arata (1895- numero imprecisato di pellicole nelle 1947)1, operatore cinematografico e quali il suo nome non risulta. Nel 1915 direttore della fotografia dal muto alla diventa operatore effettivo5 e nel 1918, nascita del neorealismo, mi ha incurio- con l’Itala Film e sotto la direzione di sito così tanto da rimanere anch’io affa- Gero Zambuto, gira il suo primo film scinato dalla figura di questo ovadese come operatore primario: Il matrimonio che ha avuto un ruolo primario nel di Olimpia con una delle grandi dive ita- mondo del cinema di quel periodo, ma liane del cinema muto Italia Almirante che, purtroppo, è poco ricordato, Manzini, attrice che l'operatore piemon- soprattutto dai suoi concittadini. tese inquadrerà anche in altri film. Attraverso i documenti, le testimo- Tra il 1919 e il 1925, con la Fert e nianze e i saggi dei più prestigiosi stu- l'Alba Film di Enrico Fiori, Arata gira diosi di cinema, tenendo sempre come una ventina di lungometraggi con i mag- filo conduttore il ruolo avuto dal nostro giori registi italiani del momento come operatore, cercherò di raccontarvi per- Augusto Genina, Gennaro Righelli e sonaggi e vicende secondo me tanto sin- Mario Almirante. Nel 1925 la Fert entra golari e curiose da poter far parte di in crisi e viene rilevata dalla SASP, la una sceneggiatura di un film.
    [Show full text]
  • The Suitors' Take: Manners and Power in Ithaka
    Colby Quarterly Volume 29 Issue 3 September Article 4 September 1993 The Suitors' Take: Manners and Power in Ithaka Donald Lateiner Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.colby.edu/cq Recommended Citation Colby Quarterly, Volume 29, no.3, September 1993, p.173-196 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by Digital Commons @ Colby. It has been accepted for inclusion in Colby Quarterly by an authorized editor of Digital Commons @ Colby. Lateiner: The Suitors' Take: Manners and Power in Ithaka The Suitors' Take: Manners and Power in Ithaka by DONALD LATEINER 1. Introduction HIS ESSAY EXAMINES "give and take" behaviors of the suitors, men of T acknowledged stature still inadequately examined by modern critics. The approach owes a debt to the social or human "sciences" of social psychology, historical anthropology, and comparative economics. I employ categories of nonverbal behavior, of social order and face-to-face interaction, and models of distributive reciprocity including gift-exchange. These tools for analyzing practices and habits that structure communities less and more complex than our own clarify heroic power and prestige and their absence. 1 These pages explore institutions of ubiquitous influence, characters of some depth, and situations ofsufficient complexity and significance. This exploration of elite ideology, of "what goes without saying," these quotidian values with which all comply complaint-free, shows how those in power "extortthe essential while seeming to demand the insignificant." It also addresses lesser phenomena, gestures and apparently off-handed comments in a carefully plotted text. This is a narrative "one of whose central themes..
    [Show full text]
  • Telemachus the Odyssey What We Know So Far
    Telemachus The Odyssey What we know so far Telemachus: ● Has never met his father and has been raised by his mother and the maids ● No male role model to teach him how to be a Prince/King ● He has never fought in a war ● Needs father to give him the throne ● Young Suitors: ● In Ithaca for 4 years ● Feast all the time→ eating and drinking Odysseus’ food and wine ● They want to marry Penelope so they can become King ● Greedy ● Selfish ● Rude/Disrespectful ● Have “right” to be in Ithaca Telemachus’ speech ● Tells everyone that what suitors are doing is wrong ○ “plaguing my mother” ○ “insolent suitors” ● Tells them that they have to leave his palace ● Tells them to go feast somewhere else and eat their own food ● Realizes that he does not have the power to stop them ○ “I’d swing to attack if I had the power in me” ● Tells suitors that they should be ashamed of themselves for what they are doing ● Says that they should all fear the gods- they also see that this is wrong ● Reminds everyone that Odysseus never did anything against them Suitors’ Response ● They blame Penelope for what they are doing ○ she has been leading them on ○ she has been promising to choose for years ○ bring up the weaving trick ● They ask Telemachus to send mom back to her father’s house and have him choose new husband ● They refuse to leave- they have the right to be here ● They will continue to do as they are doing until she chooses ● They believe Odysseus is dead ● They believe that they can defeat him even if he shows up ● They do not fear Telemachus ○ “who is there
    [Show full text]
  • Telemachus in Ithaca: Delimitation of Identity Frontiers in The
    Global Journal of HUMAN SOCIAL SCIENCE Arts, Humanities & Psychology Volume 13 Issue 7 Version 1.0 Year 2013 Type: Double Blind Peer Reviewed International Research Journal Publisher: Global Journals Inc. (USA) Online ISSN: 2249-460x & Print ISSN: 0975-587X Telemachus in Ithaca: Delimitation of Identity Frontiers in the Ancient Iron Age (XII-VIII BC) By Ana Penha Gabrecht Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, Brazil Abstract- In this article, we will try to understand how the description of space in Homer's Odyssey contributes to the delimitation of an Hellenic identity during the ancient Iron Age. We will first analyze the first book of the so-called Telemachia, part of the Odyssey that narrates the journey of Telemachus, Odysseus' son, to the kingdoms of Sparta and Pylos in search of news of his missing father. We believe that the young Ithacan's journey will help us in our task of understanding the way through which the Greeks saw the place (topos) where they lived and what makes of it a place of identity (isotopia). Keywords: odyssey; homer; space; identity; isotopia. GJHSS-A Classification: FOR Code: 440115 Telemachus in Ithaca Delimitation of Identity Frontiers in the Ancient Iron Age XII-VIII BC Strictly as per the compliance and regulations of: © 2013. Ana Penha Gabrecht. This is a research/review paper, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution- Noncommercial 3.0 Unported License http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/), permitting all non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. Telemachus in Ithaca: Delimitation of Identity Frontiers in the Ancient Iron Age (XII-VIII BC) Ana Penha Gabrecht Abstract- In this article, we will try to understand how the According to Buxton (1994, p.155, 212), the description of space in Homer's Odyssey contributes to the Odyssey allows us to understand the “Hellenicity” by 3 delimitation of an Hellenic identity during the ancient Iron Age.
    [Show full text]