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For Sandra The extraordinary untold story of New Zealand’s Great War airmen ADAM CLAASEN CONTENTS CHAPTER TEN BLOODY APRIL 1917 232 INTRODUCTION 6 CHAPTER ELEVEN THE SUPREME SACRIFICE CHAPTER ONE 1917 THE PIONEERS 260 1908–1912 CHAPTER FIFTEEN 12 CHAPTER TWELVE SEA ASSAULT CHAPTER FIVE A BIGGER ENDEAVOUR 1918 CHAPTER TWO DUST AND DYSENTERY 1917 360 FLYING FEVER 286 1915 CHAPTER SIXTEEN 1912–1914 98 36 CHAPTER THIRTEEN ONE HUNDRED DAYS CHAPTER SIX THE ‘GREATEST 1918 CHAPTER THREE AIRMEN FOR THE EMPIRE SHOW EVER SEEN’ 386 LUCKY DEVILS 1918 122 CONCLUSION 1914–1915 316 414 54 CHAPTER SEVEN CHAPTER FOURTEEN CHAPTER FOUR BASHED INTO SHAPE ROLL OF HONOUR AND MAPS 150 SPRING OFFENSIVE 428 ABOVE THE FRAY 1918 1915 CHAPTER EIGHT 334 NOTES 74 DEATH FROM ABOVE 438 1916 174 SELECT BIBLIOGRAPHY 480 CHAPTER NINE ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS FIRE IN THE SKY 484 1916 204 INDEX 488 4 FEARLESS CONTENTS 5 earless: The extraordinary untold story of New Zealand’s Great War airmen is part of the First World War Centenary History series of publications, overseen by the Ministry for INTRODUCTION FCulture and Heritage. One of this project’s chief allures is that there is no single book- length study of New Zealand’s contribution to the 1914–18 air war — no official history, no academic monograph, not even a military aviation enthusiast’s pamphlet.1 Moreover, in the 100 years following the conflict, only one Great War airman, Alfred Kingsford, published his memoirs.2 This is incredible, especially when you consider the mountain of books spawned by New Zealand’s Second World War aviation experience.3 Only slightly offsetting this dearth of secondary literature are three biographies of New Zealand airmen which contain chapters covering their Great War flying careers: G. -
(June 1941) and the Development of the British Tactical Air Doctrine
Journal of Military and Strategic VOLUME 14, ISSUE 1, FALL 2011 Studies A Stepping Stone to Success: Operation Battleaxe (June 1941) and the Development of the British Tactical Air Doctrine Mike Bechthold On 16 February 1943 a meeting was held in Tripoli attended by senior American and British officers to discuss the various lessons learned during the Libyan campaign. The focus of the meeting was a presentation by General Bernard Montgomery. This "gospel according to Montgomery," as it was referred to by Air Chief Marshal Arthur Tedder, set out very clearly Monty's beliefs on how air power should be used to support the army.1 Among the tenets Montgomery articulated was his conviction of the importance of air power: "Any officer who aspires to hold high command in war must understand clearly certain principles regarding the use of air power." Montgomery also believed that flexibility was the greatest asset of air power. This allowed it to be applied as a "battle-winning factor of the first importance." As well, he fully endorsed the air force view of centralized control: "Nothing could be more fatal to successful results than to dissipate the air resource into small packets placed under the control of army formation commanders, with each packet working on its own plan. The soldier must not expect, or wish, to exercise direct command over air striking forces." Montgomery concluded his discussion by stating that it was of prime importance for the army and air 1 Arthur Tedder, With Prejudice: The war memoirs of Marshal of the Royal Air Force, Lord Tedder (London: Cassell, 1966), p. -
Coastal Command in the Second World War
AIR POWER REVIEW VOL 21 NO 1 COASTAL COMMAND IN THE SECOND WORLD WAR By Professor John Buckley Biography: John Buckley is Professor of Military History at the University of Wolverhampton, UK. His books include The RAF and Trade Defence 1919-1945 (1995), Air Power in the Age of Total War (1999) and Monty’s Men: The British Army 1944-5 (2013). His history of the RAF (co-authored with Paul Beaver) will be published by Oxford University Press in 2018. Abstract: From 1939 to 1945 RAF Coastal Command played a crucial role in maintaining Britain’s maritime communications, thus securing the United Kingdom’s ability to wage war against the Axis powers in Europe. Its primary role was in confronting the German U-boat menace, particularly in the 1940-41 period when Britain came closest to losing the Battle of the Atlantic and with it the war. The importance of air power in the war against the U-boat was amply demonstrated when the closing of the Mid-Atlantic Air Gap in 1943 by Coastal Command aircraft effectively brought victory in the Atlantic campaign. Coastal Command also played a vital role in combating the German surface navy and, in the later stages of the war, in attacking Germany’s maritime links with Scandinavia. Disclaimer: The views expressed are those of the authors concerned, not necessarily the MOD. All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form without prior permission in writing from the Editor. 178 COASTAL COMMAND IN THE SECOND WORLD WAR introduction n March 2004, almost sixty years after the end of the Second World War, RAF ICoastal Command finally received its first national monument which was unveiled at Westminster Abbey as a tribute to the many casualties endured by the Command during the War. -
Sailors with Wings
SAILORS WITH WINGS 1915 - and naval aviation’s first VC’s Maperton Church on Saturday 8th August 2015 at 6.00 pm An illustrated lecture from Graham Mottram, MA (Cantab), C.Eng, MIM Past Director of the Fleet Air Arm Museum, Yeovilton One hundred years ago, Lieutenant Rex Warneford and Squadron Commander Richard Bell-Davies became the first naval aviators to receive the Victoria Cross In June 1915, Warneford brought down a Zeppelin over Ostend – becoming the first pilot to achieve this. Later in the same year, Bell-Davies landed his single-seat fighter behind enemy lines in Bulgaria and rescued a colleague who had been shot down. In this - the 2015 Nicholson Lecture – Mr. Mottram will trace their service careers and describe the dramatic actions that earned these men their place in history and the highest award for gallantry In aid of Maperton Church and The Royal Navy and Royal Marines Charity Tickets £12.50 per head Book on-line at www.maperton.com/events-projects/forthcoming-events/ or via James Scott, Dykes Cottage, Maperton, Wincanton, Somerset, BA9 8EJ, tel. 01963.33826 (Cheques should be made out to James Scott and endorsed on the back "The Nicholson Lecture") Wine can be purchased from 5.30 p.m. and cloakroom facilities will be available. Generously sponsored by The King’s Arms at Charlton Horethorne and by Setfords, Solicitors at Wincanton Postcode for sat-nav – BA9 8EJ The Royal Navy and Royal Marines Charity is a company limited by guarantee registered in England and Wales (no. 6047294) and is a registered charity (no.1117794) and Scotland (SC041898). -
The British Defence of Egypt 1935–1940
The British Defence of Egypt 1935–1940 This book offers a comprehensive and challenging analysis of the British defence of Egypt, primarily against fascist Italy, in the critical lead-up period to the Second World War. The security of Egypt, a constant of British imperial strategy, is a curiously neglected dimension of the still burning appeasement debate. Yet it was a factor which demanded constant consider- ation by British policy-makers and figured in the crises of the period over Abyssinia, Czechoslovakia, Albania and Poland. By giving equal weight to the perspectives and assessments of the men on the spot, Steven Morewood adds to the originality of his interpretation by suggesting the old view should be reinstated: that Mussolini should and could have been stopped in his empire-building at the Abyssinian hurdle. Thereafter, as Nazi Germany tore the Versailles peace settlement to shreds, the drift to war accelerated as British resolve and credibility were brought into question. The fascist dictators in Rome and Berlin held no respect for weakness and Mussolini became the conduit through which Hitler could apply pressure to a sensitive British interest through reinforcing Libya at critical moments. Steven Morewood is lecturer in International History in the School of Historical Studies at the University of Birmingham. Cass series: Military history and policy Edited by John Gooch and Brian Holden Reid This series will publish studies on historical and contemporary aspects of land power, spanning the period from the eighteenth century to the present day, and will include national, international and comparative studies. From time to time, the series will publish edited collections of essays and ‘classics’. -
Cr^Ltxj
THE NAZI BLOOD PURGE OF 1934 APPRCWBD": \r H M^jor Professor 7 lOLi Minor Professor •n p-Kairman of the DeparCTieflat. of History / cr^LtxJ~<2^ Dean oiTKe Graduate School IV Burkholder, Vaughn, The Nazi Blood Purge of 1934. Master of Arts, History, August, 1972, 147 pp., appendix, bibliography, 160 titles. This thesis deals with the problem of determining the reasons behind the purge conducted by various high officials in the Nazi regime on June 30-July 2, 1934. Adolf Hitler, Hermann Goring, SS leader Heinrich Himmler, and others used the purge to eliminate a sizable and influential segment of the SA leadership, under the pretext that this group was planning a coup against the Hitler regime. Also eliminated during the purge were sundry political opponents and personal rivals. Therefore, to explain Hitler's actions, one must determine whether or not there was a planned putsch against him at that time. Although party and official government documents relating to the purge were ordered destroyed by Hermann GcTring, certain materials in this category were used. Especially helpful were the Nuremberg trial records; Documents on British Foreign Policy, 1919-1939; Documents on German Foreign Policy, 1918-1945; and Foreign Relations of the United States, Diplomatic Papers, 1934. Also, first-hand accounts, contem- porary reports and essays, and analytical reports of a /1J-14 secondary nature were used in researching this topic. Many memoirs, written by people in a position to observe these events, were used as well as the reports of the American, British, and French ambassadors in the German capital. -
Jabberwock Jabberwock
JJABBERWOCKABBERWOCK The Journal of the Society of Friends of the Fleet Air Arm Museum IN THIS EDITION: • The FNHT Sea Vixen • The Formation of the RNAS • The Double Sunrise Service • Tu 144 Concordski • SOFFAAM Visit to the RAF Museum • SOFFAAM Christmas lunch • Tailpiece PLUS .... All the usual features, news from the Museum, letters to the Editor, snippets from Council meetings, monthly talks programme, latest membership numbers. No. 77 November 2014 Published by The Society of Friends of the Fleet Air Arm Museum Jabberwock No 77 November 2014 Patron: Rear Admiral A R Rawbone CB, AFC, RN President: D S Moxley JP FLEET AIR ARM MUSEUM RNAS Yeovilton Somerset BA22 8HT Telephone: 01935 840565 SOFFAAM email: [email protected] SOFFAAM website: fleetairarmfriends.org.uk Registered Charity No. 280725 1 Jabberwock No 77 November 2014 The Society of Friends of the Fleet Air Arm Museum Vice Presidents Captain K A Leppard CBE, RN Rear Admiral A R Rawbone CB, AFC, RN F C Ott DSC BSc (Econ) Lt Cdr Philip (Jan) Stuart RN Squadron Leader Maurice Biggs RAF David Kinloch Chairman Richard Hufton [email protected] Admission Vice Chairman Members are admitted to the Mike Strang Museum free of charge, on [email protected] production of a valid member- ship card. Members may be Secretary accompanied by up to three Malcolm Smith guests (one guest only for junior [email protected] members) on any one visit, each at a reduced entrance fee, cur- Treasurer rently 50% of the standard price. Gordon Johnson Members are also allowed a 10% [email protected] discount on goods purchased from the shop. -
Richard Bell "HERO Davies of VC, the CB, MONTH"DSO, AFC Vicelord Admiral ASHCROFT's Richard Bell "HERO Davies OFVC, the CB, DSO, MONTH" AFC
LORDVice Admiral ASHCROFT'S Richard Bell "HERO Davies OF VC, THE CB, MONTH"DSO, AFC ViceLORD Admiral ASHCROFT'S Richard Bell "HERO Davies OFVC, THE CB, DSO, MONTH" AFC VICTORIA CROSS HEROES Vice Admiral Lord Ashcroft KCMG PC is a businessman, philanthropist, author and pollster. His five books on gallantry include Victoria Cross Heroes. For more RICHARD BELL information, please visit: www. victoriacrossheroes.com Lord Ashcroft’s VC and GC collection is on public display at Imperial War Museum, London. For more information visit: www.iwm.org.uk/heroes. LORD ASHCROFT'S For details about his VC collection, "HERO OF visit: www.lordashcroftmedals.com DAVIES For more information on Lord Ashcroft’s work, visit: THE MONTH" VC, CB, DSO, AFC www.lordashcroft.com. Follow him on Twitter: @LordAshcroft at Zeebrugge. During this latter low- approach of a party of the enemy, and Davies recalled: “He managed TOP LEFT: level raid, Davies, by now a lieutenant, returned to the aerodrome, a feat of somehow to stow himself away Having rescued was severely wounded when he was hit airmanship that can seldom have been looking most uncomfortable.” Flight Sub- BOLDNESS by a bullet in his thigh. For this raid, equalled for skill and gallantry.” In his log book, Davies recorded the Lieutenant • Smylie in AGGRESSION INITIATIVE too, he was awarded the Distinguished Both men were recommended for the entire accident in ten crisp sentences: the face of Service Order. VC but Smylie’s award was downgraded “Dropped 3 20 lb bombs at Stn at • approaching LEADERSHIP SACRIFICE By the time that his DSO was to the Distinguished Service Cross. -
Notes to Pages 485-92 709
Notes to Pages 485-92 709 13 Jones, War in the Air, 1v. 287-8. app. XVII. 453-{i 14 Ibid., 284-5 15 Canadian Bank or Commerce, Leners from the From: Being a Record of the Part Played by Officers o.fthe Bank in the Great War. 1914-1919, C.L. Foster and W.S. Duthie, eds. (Toronto I 1920-1 )). 1, 256 16 'Fl ugzeugverluste an der Westfront Miirz bis September 1918,' in Deutschland, Oberkommandos des Heeres, Der Weltkrieg 1914 bis 1918 . Band x iv Beilagen: Die Kriegfiihrung an der Wesifro111 im Jahre 1918 (Berlin 1944), Beilage 40 17 Ibid.; 84 Squadron air combat repons, 17 March 1918, Air 1/1227/204/5/2634/84: 84 Squadron operational record, 17 March 1918, Air 1/1795/204/155/2 18 K. Bodenschatz. ' Das Jagdgeschwader Frhr.v.Richthofen Nr I.' quoted in G.P. Neumann, ed .• In der left u11besieg1 (MUnchen 1923), 227. DHist SO R 1 196. Set 72 19 [E.) Ludendorff, My War Memories, 1914-1918 (London nd), 11, 589, 596; Edmonds, Military Operations: France and Belgium, 1918. 1, 109, 154-5; Jones, War in the Air, IV, 268 20 Jones, War in the Air, 1v. 268: Edmonds. Military Operatio11s: France and Belgium, 1918, I, 109, 152-4 21 Jones, War in 1he Air, 1v, app. xvi, table 'A': France, Ministere de la Guerre. Etat-Major de l'Armee, Service Historique, Les Armeesfrant,aises da11s la Kra11de Guerre (Paris 193 1), Tome v1. 1, 168-9n 22 v Brigade work summary, 21 March 1918, Air 1/838/204/5/285; Ludendortf, War Memories, 11 . -
EAST INDIA CLUB ROLL of HONOUR Regiments the EAST INDIA CLUB WORLD WAR ONE: 1914–1919
THE EAST INDIA CLUB SOME ACCOUNT OF THOSE MEMBERS OF THE CLUB & STAFF WHO LOST THEIR LIVES IN WORLD WAR ONE 1914-1919 & WORLD WAR TWO 1939-1945 THE NAMES LISTED ON THE CLUB MEMORIALS IN THE HALL DEDICATION The independent ambition of both Chairman Iain Wolsey and member David Keating to research the members and staff honoured on the Club’s memorials has resulted in this book of Remembrance. Mr Keating’s immense capacity for the necessary research along with the Chairman’s endorsement and encouragement for the project was realised through the generosity of member Nicholas and Lynne Gould. The book was received in to the Club on the occasion of a commemorative service at St James’s Church, Piccadilly in September 2014 to mark the centenary of the outbreak of the First World War. Second World War members were researched and added in 2016 along with the appendices, which highlights some of the episodes and influences that involved our members in both conflicts. In October 2016, along with over 190 other organisations representing clubs, livery companies and the military, the club contributed a flagstone of our crest to the gardens of remembrance at the National Memorial Arboretum in Staffordshire. First published in 2014 by the East India Club. No part of this book may be reprinted or reproduced or utilised in any form or by any electronic, mechanical or other means, now known or hereafter invented, including photocopying and recording, or in any information storage or retrieval system, without permission in writing, from the East India Club. -
Comparative Perspectives on American Political Development
IN THIS ISSUE... Volume 19 Number 2 Spring/Summer 2009 Comparative Perspectives on American Political Development Richard Franklin Bensel Department of Government, Cornell University I write to you as the 19th president of the section, a section now mature enough to have spanned a generation. We, as the Jefferson Airplane once sang, “are no longer young.” But we are also not old. We are somewhere in between, neither idling at a crossroads nor hurtling down a freeway. The section has its share of challenges but seems to be in good shape. But this is not a “state of the section” essay. Instead, I write as one who, along with the rest of you, have watched Politics and History develop over the years. We have, as I will describe below, become a bit of a tribe but our tribalism has always been less developed than most of our peer sections. And this is all to the good. A tension lurks at the center of most In In this Issue academicIN life, a tension between the sociological imperative of a profession and the individualizing, creative spirit of scholarship. The sociological imperativeTHIS implacably demands that we belong to an identifiable intellectual community. These communities,ISSUE... in turn, come to have boundaries From the President ...............................................1 Editor’s Note.........................................................2 marked out by the analytical assumptions the 2009 APSA Officer Nominees.........................2 members share, the subject matter of their Nichols on Realignment.....................................3 -
Somewhere South of Suez
SOMEWHERE SOUTH OF SUEZ by Douglas Reed published: 1950 CONTENTS Part One – New Lands For Old Part Three – Before The Millennium 01 London Leavetaking 01 Balcony Over Durban 02 ‘Passengers For Johannesburg …’ 02 Full Fifty Years 03 The Second Act 04 The Rise Of Zion Part Two – South African Year 05 The Decline Of The American Republic 01 Feet Of Gold 06 The Bundle Of Hay 02 Fifty-Fifty? 03 Natal The Beleaguered 04 ‘This Is Our England!’ Part Four - … The Caravan Goes On 05 The Problem! 06 Immigrants! Dance Of The Fireflies 07 Great Closed Spaces 08 White Christmas 09 March Of The Coons 10 … For Ever Java! 11 Parliament At The Cape 12 Nocturne Postscript 13 Just Nuisance! 14 Brand From The Burning 15 The Fiction Of Food Facts 16 Sound Of A Horn 17 The House That George Built 18 Poor Little White Girl 19 After Us The Desert? 20 In Blanketland 21 The Crown And Malefu 22 Basuto Masquerade 23 The Government Path 24 What Price Protection? 25 Soliloquy In Plaster 26 Dawn Rendezvous 27 City Of Suspense 28 I Cyprian! 29 Passive Aggression 30 Cry Hue! 31 Journey’s Log To H.M.S. AMETHYST July 1949 PART ONE NEW LANDS FOR OLD Chapter One LONDON LEAVETAKING I could find nothing more to pack or throw away. At last the house was bare of all trace of us, unless, in some cupboard-corner, still lay the fragment of a broken toy, or, in the miry little backyard, the sodden shell of a Roman Candle. The stillness of London in the small hours was intolerable.