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Socialismo E Outras Teorias De Organização Econômica Wikipédia Conteúdo Socialismo e Outras Teorias de Organização Econômica Wikipédia Conteúdo 1 Socialismo 1 1.1 História ................................................ 1 1.2 Tipos de Socialismo .......................................... 2 1.2.1 Socialismo utópico ...................................... 2 1.2.2 Socialismo científico ..................................... 3 1.2.3 Anarquismo ......................................... 3 1.2.4 Socialismo cristão ...................................... 4 1.3 Divergências ............................................. 4 1.4 Críticas ao socialismo ......................................... 5 1.5 Partidos socialistas lusófonos ..................................... 5 1.6 Ver também .............................................. 6 1.7 Referências .............................................. 6 1.7.1 Bibliografia .......................................... 7 1.8 Ligações externas ........................................... 8 2 Capitalismo 9 2.1 Etimologia .............................................. 9 2.2 História ................................................ 10 2.2.1 Mercantilismo ........................................ 10 2.2.2 Industrialismo ........................................ 11 2.2.3 Keynesianismo e neoliberalismo ............................... 11 2.2.4 Globalização ......................................... 12 2.3 Teoria capitalista ........................................... 12 2.4 Modo de produção capitalista ..................................... 12 2.5 Democracia, Estado e quadros jurídicos ............................... 13 2.5.1 Propriedade privada ..................................... 13 2.5.2 Instituições .......................................... 13 2.5.3 Democracia .......................................... 13 2.6 Benefícios políticos .......................................... 14 2.6.1 Crescimento econômico ................................... 14 2.6.2 Liberdade política ...................................... 15 2.6.3 Auto-organização ....................................... 15 2.7 Críticas ................................................ 15 i ii CONTEÚDO 2.8 Ver também .............................................. 16 2.9 Referências .............................................. 16 2.9.1 Bibliografia .......................................... 18 2.10 Ligações externas ........................................... 18 3 Comunismo 19 3.1 Conceitos ............................................... 19 3.1.1 Um planejamento geral .................................... 20 3.1.2 Transformação pelo poder .................................. 20 3.1.3 Terminologia ......................................... 20 3.2 História ................................................ 21 3.2.1 Origem ............................................ 21 3.2.2 Revolução Russa de 1917, derrocada comunista e burocratização .............. 22 3.3 Teorias e correntes do comunismo .................................. 25 3.3.1 Utópicos ........................................... 25 3.3.2 O socialismo científico .................................... 26 3.3.3 Libertários .......................................... 26 3.3.4 Desenvolvimentos posteriores à Revolução Russa ...................... 27 3.3.5 Cisões ............................................ 28 3.4 Comunismo e anarquismo ...................................... 28 3.5 Críticas ................................................ 28 3.5.1 Condenação oficial da Igreja Católica ............................ 29 3.6 Ver também .............................................. 30 3.7 Referências .............................................. 30 3.7.1 Bibliografia .......................................... 32 3.8 Ligações externas ........................................... 32 4 Karl Marx 33 4.1 Biografia ............................................... 33 4.1.1 Juventude ........................................... 33 4.1.2 Casamento e vida política .................................. 34 4.1.3 Morte ............................................. 35 4.2 Influências .............................................. 35 4.2.1 Influência da filosofia idealista ................................ 36 4.2.2 Influência do socialismo utópico ............................... 36 4.2.3 Influência da economia política clássica ........................... 37 4.2.4 Colaboração de Engels .................................... 37 4.3 Teoria e obras ............................................. 37 4.3.1 Metodologia ......................................... 38 4.3.2 Classes sociais ........................................ 38 4.3.3 Crítica da religião ...................................... 38 4.3.4 Revolução .......................................... 39 CONTEÚDO iii 4.3.5 Crítica ao anarquismo .................................... 39 4.3.6 A práxis ........................................... 39 4.3.7 A mais-valia ......................................... 40 4.3.8 O Capital ........................................... 40 4.3.9 Outras obras ......................................... 40 4.4 Legado ................................................ 41 4.5 Críticas ................................................ 42 4.6 Ver também .............................................. 43 4.7 Notas ................................................. 43 4.8 Notas e referências .......................................... 43 4.8.1 Bibliografia .......................................... 46 4.9 Ligações externas ........................................... 46 5 Friedrich Engels 48 5.1 Biografia ............................................... 48 5.2 Principais obras ............................................ 48 5.3 Ver também .............................................. 50 5.4 Referências .............................................. 50 5.5 Bibliografia .............................................. 50 5.6 Leitura complementar ........................................ 50 6 Manifesto Comunista 51 6.1 Edições ................................................ 51 6.2 Conteúdo ............................................... 51 6.3 Lenin e o Manifesto Comunista .................................... 52 6.4 Trotsky e o Manifesto ......................................... 52 6.5 Ver também .............................................. 53 6.6 Referências .............................................. 53 6.7 Bibliografia .............................................. 53 6.8 Ligações externas ........................................... 53 7 O Capital 54 7.1 Observação quanto ao conteúdo ................................... 54 7.2 Seu preparo e livros económicos anteriores .............................. 54 7.2.1 A publicação de “O Capital” em francês e em inglês ..................... 55 7.2.2 A publicação de “O Capital” na Rússia ............................ 55 7.2.3 A publicação de O Capital no Brasil ............................. 55 7.3 O Capital ............................................... 56 7.3.1 Livro 1 - o processo de produção do capital 1867 ...................... 56 7.3.2 Livro 2 - o processo de circulação do capital 1885 ...................... 56 7.3.3 Livro 3 - o processo global da produção capitalista 1894 .................. 56 7.3.4 Livro 4 - Teorias da mais valia 1905 ............................. 56 iv CONTEÚDO 7.3.5 Capítulo VI inédito de O Capital ............................... 57 7.4 Resumos e obras derivadas ...................................... 57 7.4.1 Resumos ........................................... 57 7.4.2 Obras derivadas ....................................... 57 7.4.3 Quadrinhos/banda desenhada ................................ 57 7.5 Conteúdo Livro 1 ........................................... 57 7.5.1 Seção I, 1.1 Os dois fatores da mercadoria: valor de uso e valor (substância do valor, grandeza do valor) ........................................... 57 7.5.2 Seção I, 1.2 O duplo caráter do trabalho representado na mercadoria ............ 59 7.5.3 A compra e venda da força de trabalho: origem da mais-valia ................ 59 7.5.4 Entesourador x capitalista .................................. 59 7.5.5 Teoria da Abstinência .................................... 59 7.5.6 Acumulação primitiva .................................... 59 7.6 Conteúdo Livro 4 ........................................... 59 7.6.1 Reposição de máquinas (Capital constante) ......................... 59 7.7 Referências .............................................. 60 7.8 Ligações externas ........................................... 60 8 Lenin 61 8.1 Início de vida ............................................. 61 8.1.1 Infância: 1870–87 ...................................... 61 8.1.2 Universidade e radicalização política: 1887–93 ....................... 62 8.2 Ativismo revolucionário ........................................ 63 8.2.1 Ativismo precoce e prisão: 1893–1900 ........................... 63 8.2.2 Munique, Londres e Genebra: 1900–05 ........................... 64 8.2.3 Revolução de 1905 e suas consequências: 1905–14 ..................... 65 8.2.4 Primeira Guerra Mundial: 1914–17 ............................. 66 8.2.5 Revolução de Fevereiro e os Dias de Julho: 1917 ...................... 67 8.2.6 Revolução de Outubro: 1917 ................................. 68 8.3 Governo ................................................ 68 8.3.1 Organização do governo soviético: 1917-18 ......................... 69 8.3.2 Reformas sociais, jurídicas e econômicas: 1917-18 ..................... 70 8.3.3 Tratado de Brest-Litovsk: 1917-18 .............................. 71 8.3.4 Campanhas Anti-Cúlaques,
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