DOCSLIB.ORG

Migration Patterns and the Growth of High‐Poverty Neighborhoods, 1970‐1990 Author(S): Lincoln Quillian Source: American Journal of Sociology, Vol

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Migration Patterns and the Growth of High‐Poverty Neighborhoods, 1970‐1990 Author(S): Lincoln Quillian Source: American Journal of Sociology, Vol Migration Patterns and the Growth of High‐Poverty Neighborhoods, 1970‐1990 Author(s): Lincoln Quillian Source: American Journal of Sociology, Vol. 105, No. 1 (July 1999), pp. 1-37 Published by: The University of Chicago Press Stable URL: http://www.jstor.org/stable/10.1086/210266 . Accessed: 02/04/2015 21:38 Your use of the JSTOR archive indicates your acceptance of the Terms & Conditions of Use, available at . http://www.jstor.org/page/info/about/policies/terms.jsp . JSTOR is a not-for-profit service that helps scholars, researchers, and students discover, use, and build upon a wide range of content in a trusted digital archive. We use information technology and tools to increase productivity and facilitate new forms of scholarship. For more information about JSTOR, please contact [email protected]. The University of Chicago Press is collaborating with JSTOR to digitize, preserve and extend access to American Journal of Sociology. http://www.jstor.org This content downloaded from 128.95.71.159 on Thu, 2 Apr 2015 21:38:06 PM All use subject to JSTOR Terms and Conditions Migration Patterns and the Growth of High- Poverty Neighborhoods, 1970±19901 Lincoln Quillian University of Wisconsin, Madison Using geocoded data from the Panel Study of Income Dynamics, this article examines why the number of high-poverty neighborhoods in American cities has increased since 1970. The main ®ndings are (1) the migration of the nonpoor away from moderately poor neighbor- hoods has been a key process in forming new high-poverty neighbor- hoods, although in the early 1980s increasing poverty rates were also important; and (2) African-Americans have moved into predomi- nately white neighborhoods at a pace suf®cient to increase their numbers there, but neighborhoods with increasing black popula- tions tend to lose white population rapidly. Implications for theories of poor neighborhoods are discussed. William Wilson's book The Truly Disadvantaged (1987) ®rst pointed out that, starting in the 1970s, areas of concentrated urban poverty increas- ingly took on a different character than they had earlier in the century. Like the ethnic ghettos that have long interested urban sociologists, dwell- ers in modern poor urban neighborhoods are almost all members of minor- ity races or ethnicities. Unlike older ethnic ghettos, however, Wilson ar- gues that the minority-populated urban neighborhoods of the 1970s and 1 An earlier version of this article was presented at the meetings of the American Sociological Association in New York City, August 1996. I have bene®ted from helpful comments on earlier versions from Christopher Winship and audiences at University of Wisconsin, Madison; Yale University; University of California, Los Angeles; Uni- versity of Chicago; University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill; Pennsylvania State University; University of Washington; Stanford University; and Tufts University. This article was written when I was supported by a dissertation grant from the Spen- cer foundation. Some of the data used in this analysis are derived from sensitive data ®les of the Panel Study of Income Dynamics, obtained under special contractual ar- rangements designed to protect the anonymity of respondents. These data are not available from the author. Persons interested in obtaining PSID sensitive data ®les should contact Frank P. Stafford, PSID, Box 1248, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48106-1248. E-mail: [email protected]. Direct correspondence to Lincoln Quillian, Department of Sociology, University of Wisconsin, 8128 Social Sciences Building, 1180 Observa- tory Drive, Madison, Wisconsin 53706-1393. E-mail: [email protected] 1999 by The University of Chicago. All rights reserved. 0002-9602/2000/10501-0001$02.50 AJS Volume 105 Number 1 (July 1999): 1±37 1 This content downloaded from 128.95.71.159 on Thu, 2 Apr 2015 21:38:06 PM All use subject to JSTOR Terms and Conditions American Journal of Sociology 1980s contained an especially high concentration of poor families. He hy- pothesizes that one cause of this trend is that middle-class blacks in the 1970s and 1980s increasingly relocated to predominately white suburbs, leaving behind neighborhoods composed largely of poor or near-poor fam- ilies. Wilson's work leads empirical researchers to examine data to con®rm or deny these suspicions. Investigations by Jargowsky (1994, 1997) have con®rmed some of Wilson's hypotheses, ®nding that the proportion of the urban population living in census tracts in which at least 40% of the population is poor increased from 3% of the urban population in 1970 to 4.5% in 1990 (Jargowsky 1997, p. 38). Tests of Wilson's hypotheses about why this has occurred have been contradictory, and there remains a con- siderable debate about why poor urban neighborhoods have expanded so sharply. An increase in the number of extremely poor neighborhoods can be thought of as resulting from a combination of two proximate causes: change in the number of poor persons and change in the tendency for persons of like poverty status to live close to each other. I decompose ¯ows of persons among neighborhood and poverty status categories over time to examine how each of these proximate causes has in¯uenced the number of high-poverty neighborhoods. This procedure sheds light on several ex- planations of the increase in neighborhood poverty. Along the way, I consider evidence relevant to debates about the role of racial segregation in explaining concentrated urban poverty. I argue that studies of the role of racial segregation in forming high-poverty neigh- borhoods have not always clearly separated evidence about change over time from evidence about cross-sectional variation and have not fully con- sidered the dynamics of neighborhood change. Research has found that racial segregation in American cities remains very high, even for high- income black families (Denton and Massey 1988; Massey and Denton 1993). This has been interpreted as inconsistent with Wilson's claims that middle-class blacks are migrating into white neighborhoods. A central ®nding of this article is that, when considered as part of a dynamic metro- politan setting, these apparently contradictory ®ndings can be reconciled. Middle-class blacks have been moving into white neighborhoods at rates high enough to increase their numbers there, but declining white popula- tions in neighborhoods with substantial black populations have prevented a large increase in the share of blacks in white nonpoor neighborhoods. PAST THEORY AND RESEARCH Three explanations predominate in the literature on the causes of high- poverty neighborhoods. These are that high-poverty neighborhoods result 2 This content downloaded from 128.95.71.159 on Thu, 2 Apr 2015 21:38:06 PM All use subject to JSTOR Terms and Conditions Migration Patterns from black middle-class ¯ight from mixed-income neighborhoods, that high-poverty neighborhoods are the result of racial segregation, and that high-poverty neighborhoods are the result of the poor job prospects of inner-city workers (Massey, Gross, and Shibuya 1994). After de®ning a high-poverty neighborhood, I review each of these explanations with re- gard to what it can tell us about why the number of poor neighborhoods has increased over time. Then I turn to my own data analysis of patterns of migration to provide clues about these three theories. Most prior research has de®ned high-poverty neighborhoods by a ®xed cutoff based on the percentage of persons living in families with income below the federal poverty line, usually 30% or 40% (Wilson 1987; Jargow- sky and Bane 1991). De®ning poor neighborhoods based on a ®xed cutoff point makes theoretical sense if there are thresholds in neighborhood pov- erty rates beyond which neighborhoods become substantially less livable. Jargowsky and Bane (1991) toured a number of cities, comparing block census maps showing poverty percentages to their impressions based on visual appearances. Areas with more than 40% poverty rates contained more dilapidated housing stock and seemed signi®cantly more distressed than neighborhoods with poverty rates of 20%±40%, which had a more working-class character.2 Following their work, I consider an extremely poor neighborhood to be a census tract in which more than 40% of persons are in families with incomes below the of®cial poverty line.3 Black Middle-Class Flight In The Truly Disadvantaged, Wilson (1987) argues that one of the key forces that led to the increase in the number of extremely poor neighbor- hoods was the movement of middle-class residents, especially middle-class African-American residents, from mixed-income neighborhoods to subur- ban, white neighborhoods. With the departure of middle-class blacks from inner-city, mixed-income neighborhoods, the population left behind was 2 Areas that were more than 40% poor also corresponded well to areas local census of®cials considered ªghettos.º This standard has also been adopted by the U.S. Census Bureau, which refers to areas where more than 40% of the population is poor as ªextreme poverty areasº (U.S. Bureau of the Census 1995). 3 Census tracts are small population units of 2,500±8,000 residents (average about 4,000) that are designed to be homogeneous with respect to population characteristics, economic status, and living conditions. They are drawn in such a way as to correspond roughly to what is normally thought of as a small neighborhood by people familiar with the local geography. For a discussion of how census tract boundaries are drawn and the advantages and disadvantages of considering census tracts as neighborhoods, see White (1987, pp. 18±20, 286±300). 3 This content downloaded from 128.95.71.159 on Thu, 2 Apr 2015 21:38:06 PM All use subject to JSTOR Terms and Conditions American Journal of Sociology ªa much higher concentration of the most disadvantaged segments of the black urban populationº (1987, p.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Felix Elwert
    July 2021 FELIX ELWERT University of Wisconsin–Madison Department of Sociology and Center for Demography and Ecology 4426 Sewell Social Sciences Building 1180 Observatory Drive Madison, WI 53706 [email protected] ACADEMIC POSITIONS University of Wisconsin–Madison 2017- Professor, Department of Sociology Department of Biostatistics and Medical Informatics (affiliated) Department of Population Health Sciences (affiliated) 2013–2017 Associate Professor (Affiliated), Department of Population Health Sciences 2012–2017 Associate Professor, Department of Sociology 2007–2012 Assistant Professor, Department of Sociology WZB Berlin Social Science Center, Germany 2015–2016 Acting Director, Research Unit Social Inequality and Social Policy 2014–2015 Karl W. Deutsch Visiting Professor Harvard Medical School 2006–2007 Postdoctoral Fellow, Department of Health Care Policy EDUCATION 2007 Ph.D., Sociology, Harvard University 2006 A.M., Statistics, Harvard University 1999 M.A., Sociology, New School for Social Research 1997 Vordiplom, Sociology, Free University of Berlin Felix Elwert / May 2020 AWARDS AND FELLOWSHIPS 2018 Leo Goodman Award, Methodology Section, American Sociological Association 2018 Elected member, Sociological Research Association 2018 Vilas Midcareer Faculty Award, University of Wisconsin-Madison 2017- H. I. Romnes Faculty Fellowship, University of Wisconsin-Madison 2016-2018 Fellow, WZB Berlin Social Science Center, Berlin, Germany 2013 Causality in Statistics Education Award, American Statistical Association 2013 Vilas Associate Award, University of Wisconsin–Madison 2012 Jane Addams Award (Best Paper), Community and Urban Sociology Section, American Sociological Association 2010 Gunther Beyer Award (Best Paper by a Young Scholar), European Association for Population Studies 2009, 2010, 2017 University Housing Honored Instructor Award, University of Wisconsin- Madison 2009 & 2010 Best Poster Awards, Annual Meeting of the Population Association of America 2005–2006 Eliot Fellowship, Harvard University 2004 Aage B.
    [Show full text]
  • Moving to Inequality: Neighborhood Effects and Experiments Meet Social Structure1
    Moving to Inequality: Neighborhood Effects and Experiments Meet Social Structure1 Robert J. Sampson Harvard University The Moving to Opportunity (MTO) housing experiment has proven to be an important intervention not just in the lives of the poor, but in social science theories of neighborhood effects. Competing causal claims have been the subject of considerable disagreement, culmi- nating in the debate between Clampet-Lundquist and Massey and Ludwig et al. in this issue. This article assesses the debate by clar- ifying analytically distinct questions posed by neighborhood-level theories, reconceptualizing selection bias as a fundamental social process worthy of study in its own right rather than a statistical nuisance, and reconsidering the scientific method of experimenta- tion, and hence causality, in the social world of the city. The author also analyzes MTO and independent survey data from Chicago to examine trajectories of residential attainment. Although MTO pro- vides crucial leverage for estimating neighborhood effects on indi- viduals, as proponents rightly claim, this study demonstrates the implications imposed by a stratified urban structure and how MTO simultaneously provides a new window on the social reproduction of concentrated inequality. Contemporary wisdom traces the idea of neighborhood effects to William Julius Wilson’s justly lauded book, The Truly Disadvantaged (1987). Since its publication, a veritable explosion of work has emerged, much of it attempting to test the hypothesis that living in a neighborhood of con- 1 I am indebted to Corina Graif for superb research assistance and to Patrick Sharkey for his collaborative work on neighborhood selection. They both provided incisive comments as well, as did Nicholas Christakis, Steve Raudenbush, Bruce Western, P.-O.
    [Show full text]
  • The Paradox of Lessening Racial Inequality and Joblessness Among Black Youth: Enrollment, Enlistment, and Employment, 1964-1981*
    THE PARADOX OF LESSENING RACIAL INEQUALITY AND JOBLESSNESS AMONG BLACK YOUTH: ENROLLMENT, ENLISTMENT, AND EMPLOYMENT, 1964-1981* ROBERT D. MARE CHRISTOPHER WINSHIP University of Wisconsin-Madison Northwestern University and NORC An important exception to improvementsin the relative socioeconomic status of blacks duringrecent decades is increased levels of joblessness among black youths relative to whites. Few proposed explanationsfor this trend reconcile worsening employment status for- black youths with improvementson other socioeconomic indicators. Threemechanisms that link reducedstatus differencesbetween the races in other spheres with increased disparity in employment are: (1) increased substitutionof schooling and militaryservice for employmentby young blacks; (2) reduced workexperience and disruptedemployment for young blacks at older ages as a result of later average ages leaving school and the armed forces; and (3) "creaming"from the civilian out-of-schoolpopulation of young blacks with above average employmentprospects as a result of higher school enrollmentand military enlistmentrates. Empiricalassessment of these argumentsshows that they account for a substantialpart of the growingracial employmentdifference among men aged 16 to 29. Although racial convergence on school enrollment and educational attainmenthas reduced other socioeconomic inequalities between the races, it has widenedthe employmentdifference. One of the most important changes in 1977; Hill, 1978; Wilson, 1978; Collins, 1983), American society in recent decades
    [Show full text]
  • Patrick Sharkey
    Patrick Sharkey New York University Phone: (212) 998-8366 Department of Sociology Fax: (212) 995-4140 The Puck Building Email: [email protected] 295 Lafayette Street, Fourth Floor Homepage: http://patricksharkey.net New York, NY 10012 Education Ph.D. Sociology and Social Policy, Harvard University, 2002-2007. Dissertation: “The Enduring Inequality of Race and Place: Racial Inequality in the Neighborhood Environment over the Life Course and across Generations.” Committee: Robert J. Sampson (chair), William Julius Wilson, Christopher Winship. B.A. Public Policy and American Institutions, Brown University, 1996-2000. Employment New York University, Department of Sociology. Associate Professor of Sociology, 2012-Present. Scientific Director, “Crime Lab New York City.” 2014- Director (Interim), Institute for Human Development and Social Change, 2015-2016. Associate Director, Institute for Human Development and Social Change. NYU, 2014-2015. Assistant Professor of Sociology, 2009-2012. Affiliated Faculty, Robert F. Wagner School for Public Service, NYU, 2009-Present. Robert Wood Johnson Health and Society Scholars Program, Columbia University. Postdoctoral Scholar, 2007-2009. The Urban Institute, Washington DC. Research Assistant, Labor and Social Policy Center, 2000-2002. Publications Book Sharkey, Patrick. 2013. Stuck in Place: Urban Neighborhoods and the End of Progress toward Racial Equality. Chicago: University of Chicago Press. Winner of the Robert E. Park Book Award, Community and Urban Sociology Section of the American Socio- logical Association, 2015. Winner of the Otis Dudley Duncan Book Award, Population Section of the American Sociological Association, 2014. Winner of the Mirra Komarovsky Book Award, Eastern Sociological Society, 2013. Winner of The American Publishers Award for Professional and Scholarly Excellence (PROSE Award) in Sociology and Social Work, 2013 Patrick Sharkey 2 Edited volume Galster, George and Patrick Sharkey, editors.
    [Show full text]
  • Workshop in Urban Ethnography Fall 2012
    Workshop in Urban Ethnography Fall 2012 Chris Winship and Joe Krupnick Keeping Up the Front: How Disadvantaged Black Youth Avoid Street Violence in the Inner City Christopher Winship, Diker-Tishman Professor of Sociology, and member of the faculty of the Harvard Kennedy School of Govern- ment (HKS), was born in Topeka, Kansas and grew up in New Brit- ain, Connecticut. He did his undergraduate work in sociology and mathematics at Dartmouth College and his graduate work in this department, receiving his degree in 1977. After leaving Harvard he did a one year post-doctoral fellowship at the Institute for Research on Poverty at the University of Wisconsin and a two-year fellowship at the National Opinion Research Center (NORC) at the University of Chicago. In 1980 he joined the Sociology Department at Northwestern University. During his twelve years at Northwestern he was Director of the Program in Mathematical Methods in the So- cial Sciences and for four years chair of the Department of Sociology. He was a founding member of Northwestern’s Department of Statistics, and held a courtesy appointment in Economics. From 1984 to 1986 he was Director of the Economics Research Center at NORC. He has been a member of the Harvard department since 1992. Since 1995 he has been the editor of Sociological Methods & Research (SMR). He is a faculty associate of the the Harvard Institute for Quantitative Social Science (IQSS) and Harvard Hauser Center for Nonprofit Organizations, and is currently doing research on several topics: The Ten Point Coalition, a group of black ministers who are working with the Boston police to reduce youth violence; statistical models for causal analysis; the effects of education on mental ability; causes of the racial difference in performance in elite colleges and universities; changes in the racial differential in imprisonment rates over the past sixty years.
    [Show full text]
  • Neighborhoods Black-White Mobility
    NEIGHBORHOODS AND THE BLACK-WHITE MOBILITY GAP BY PATRICK SHARKEY ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS Patrick Sharkey is an Assistant Professor of Sociology at New York University and is a Faculty Affiliate at NYU’s Robert F. Wagner Graduate School of Public Service. His research focuses on the persistence of racial inequality in American neighborhoods in the post-civil rights era and the consequences of life in disadvantaged environments as experienced over generations of African-American families. The author gives special thanks to Scott Winship at the Economic Mobility Project who provided thoughtful feedback, edits, ideas, and suggestions throughout this project. Christopher Jencks also provided insightful comments and suggestions, many of which were implemented in the final analysis. Additional thanks go to Erin Currier, Harry Holzer, Ianna Kachoris, Marvin Kosters, Sara McLanahan and Robert Rector for their helpful comments on the research, and to Dalton Conley, Robert Sampson, Florencia Torche, William Julius Wilson, and Christopher Winship for feedback on previous research that is closely related to the work presented here. Lastly, the author also thanks Donna Nordquist at the Institute for Social Research at Michigan for her assistance with the PSID geocode data. Editorial assistance was provided by Ellen Wert, and design expertise by Carole Goodman of Do Good Design. All Economic Mobility Project materials are reviewed by members of the Principals’ Group and guided with input of the project’s Advisory Board (see back cover). The views expressed
    [Show full text]
  • Redefine Statistical Significance We Propose to Change the Default P-Value Threshold for Statistical Significance from 0.05 to 0.005 for Claims of New Discoveries
    comment Redefine statistical significance We propose to change the default P-value threshold for statistical significance from 0.05 to 0.005 for claims of new discoveries. Daniel J. Benjamin, James O. Berger, Magnus Johannesson, Brian A. Nosek, E.-J. Wagenmakers, Richard Berk, Kenneth A. Bollen, Björn Brembs, Lawrence Brown, Colin Camerer, David Cesarini, Christopher D. Chambers, Merlise Clyde, Thomas D. Cook, Paul De Boeck, Zoltan Dienes, Anna Dreber, Kenny Easwaran, Charles Efferson, Ernst Fehr, Fiona Fidler, Andy P. Field, Malcolm Forster, Edward I. George, Richard Gonzalez, Steven Goodman, Edwin Green, Donald P. Green, Anthony Greenwald, Jarrod D. Hadfield, Larry V. Hedges, Leonhard Held, Teck Hua Ho, Herbert Hoijtink, Daniel J. Hruschka, Kosuke Imai, Guido Imbens, John P. A. Ioannidis, Minjeong Jeon, James Holland Jones, Michael Kirchler, David Laibson, John List, Roderick Little, Arthur Lupia, Edouard Machery, Scott E. Maxwell, Michael McCarthy, Don Moore, Stephen L. Morgan, Marcus Munafó, Shinichi Nakagawa, Brendan Nyhan, Timothy H. Parker, Luis Pericchi, Marco Perugini, Jeff Rouder, Judith Rousseau, Victoria Savalei, Felix D. Schönbrodt, Thomas Sellke, Betsy Sinclair, Dustin Tingley, Trisha Van Zandt, Simine Vazire, Duncan J. Watts, Christopher Winship, Robert L. Wolpert, Yu Xie, Cristobal Young, Jonathan Zinman and Valen E. Johnson he lack of reproducibility of scientific not address the appropriate threshold for probabilities. By Bayes’ rule, this ratio may studies has caused growing concern confirmatory or contradictory replications be written as: over the credibility of claims of new of existing claims. We also do not advocate T Pr Hx discoveries based on ‘statistically significant’ changes to discovery thresholds in fields ()1obs findings.
    [Show full text]
  • Unpacking Neighborhood Influences on Education Outcomes: Setting the Stage for Future Research
    NBER WORKING PAPER SERIES UNPACKING NEIGHBORHOOD INFLUENCES ON EDUCATION OUTCOMES: SETTING THE STAGE FOR FUTURE RESEARCH David J. Harding Lisa Gennetian Christopher Winship Lisa Sanbonmatsu Jeffrey R. Kling Working Paper 16055 http://www.nber.org/papers/w16055 NATIONAL BUREAU OF ECONOMIC RESEARCH 1050 Massachusetts Avenue Cambridge, MA 02138 June 2010 The views expressed here are those of the authors and should not be interpreted as those of the Congressional Budget Office or the National Bureau of Economic Research. We thank Greg Duncan, Richard Murnane, Rebecca Blank, Robert Sampson, Steve Raudenbush, Patrick Sharkey, Susan Clampet-Lundquist, Tama Leventhal, Larry Katz, Robert Moffitt, and participants at the Social Inequality and Educational Disadvantage conferences and the University of Michigan Robert Wood Johnson Health Policy Seminar for helpful comments on previous versions of this paper. This paper was prepared for Social Inequality and Educational Disadvantage, edited by Greg Duncan and Richard Murnane, Russell Sage Foundation Press. NBER working papers are circulated for discussion and comment purposes. They have not been peer- reviewed or been subject to the review by the NBER Board of Directors that accompanies official NBER publications. © 2010 by David J. Harding, Lisa Gennetian, Christopher Winship, Lisa Sanbonmatsu, and Jeffrey R. Kling. All rights reserved. Short sections of text, not to exceed two paragraphs, may be quoted without explicit permission provided that full credit, including © notice, is given to the source. Unpacking Neighborhood Influences on Education Outcomes: Setting the Stage for Future Research David J. Harding, Lisa Gennetian, Christopher Winship, Lisa Sanbonmatsu, and Jeffrey R. Kling NBER Working Paper No. 16055 June 2010 JEL No.
    [Show full text]
  • Christopher Winship Curriculum Vitae 2017
    CHRISTOPHER WINSHIP CURRICULUM VITAE 2017 Department of Sociology, Harvard University 620 William James Hall 33 Kirkland Street, Cambridge, MA 02138 (617) 495-9821 [email protected] https://scholar.harvard.edu/cwinship/home EDUCATION 1977 Ph.D., Harvard University (Sociology) 1972 B.A., Dartmouth College (Sociology and Mathematics) 1968 H.S., Hotchkiss School, Lakeville, CT PROFESSIONAL EXPERIENCE ACADEMIC 2005-present Diker-Tishman Professor of Sociology, Harvard University 2002-present Professor, Kennedy School of Government, Harvard University 2012-present Visiting Professor, Faculty of Economics, University of Ljubljana, Slovenia 1992-2005 Professor of Sociology, Harvard University 1987-1992 Professor of Sociology, Statistics and Economics, Northwestern University 1980-1987 Assistant to Associate Professor (1983) of Sociology and Statistics (1986-1987), Northwestern University RESEARCH 2015 – present Faculty Associate, Safra Center for the Study of Ethics, Harvard 2013-present Faculty Associate, Center for Public Leadership, Harvard Kennedy School of Government 2003-present Faculty Associate, Criminal Justice Program, Harvard Kennedy School of Government 1999-2015 Faculty Associate, Hauser Center for Nonprofit Organizations, Harvard Kennedy School of Government 1999-present Faculty Associate, Institute for Quantitative Social Science (formerly the Center for Basic Research in the Social Sciences) 1981-1993 Research Associate, Center for Urban Affairs and Policy Research, Northwestern University 1981-1993 Research Associate,
    [Show full text]
  • Felix Elwert
    FELIX ELWERT University of Wisconsin–Madison WZB Berlin Social Science Center Department of Sociology and Research Unit Inequality and Social Policy Center for Demography and Ecology Reichpietschufer 50 4426 Sewell Social Sciences Building 10785 Berlin 1180 Observatory Drive Germany Madison, WI 53706 +49 170 5711877 [email protected] [email protected] ACADEMIC POSITIONS WZB Berlin Social Science Center, Germany 2015– Acting Director, Research Unit Social Inequality and Social Policy 2014–2015 Karl W. Deutsch Visiting Professor University of Wisconsin–Madison 2013–2015 Vilas Associate Professor, Department of Sociology 2013– Associate Professor (Affiliated) of Population Health Sciences 2012– Associate Professor, Department of Sociology 2007–2012 Assistant Professor, Department of Sociology Harvard Medical School 2006–2007 Postdoctoral Fellow, Department of Health Care Policy EDUCATION 2007 Ph.D., Sociology, Harvard University 2006 A.M., Statistics, Harvard University 1999 M.A., Sociology, New School for Social Research 1997 Vordiplom, Sociology, Free University of Berlin RESEARCH AREAS Contexts of social inequality; neighborhoods and networks; demography of inequality; families and kinship; health and mortality; causal inference Felix Elwert AWARDS AND FELLOWSHIPS 2013 Causality in Statistics Education Award, American Statistical Association 2013 Vilas Associate Award, University of Wisconsin–Madison 2012 Jane Addams Award (Best Paper), Community and Urban Sociology Section, American Sociological Association 2010 Gunther Beyer Award (Best
    [Show full text]
  • The General Sociology of Harrison C. White
    The General Sociology of Harrison C. White The General Sociology of Harrison C. White Chaos and Order in Networks G. Reza Azarian © G. Reza Azarian 2005 Softcover reprint of the hardcover 1st edition 2005 978-1-4039-4434-4 All rights reserved. No reproduction, copy or transmission of this publication may be made without written permission. No paragraph of this publication may be reproduced, copied or transmitted save with written permission or in accordance with the provisions of the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988, or under the terms of any licence permitting limited copying issued by the Copyright Licensing Agency, 90 Tottenham Court Road, London W1T 4LP. Any person who does any unauthorized act in relation to this publication may be liable to criminal prosecution and civil claims for damages. The author has asserted his right to be identified as the author of this work in accordance with the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988. First published in 2005 by PALGRAVE MACMILLAN Houndmills, Basingstoke, Hampshire RG21 6XS and 175 Fifth Avenue, New York, N.Y. 10010 Companies and representatives throughout the world. PALGRAVE MACMILLAN is the global academic imprint of the Palgrave Macmillan division of St. Martin’s Press, LLC and of Palgrave Macmillan Ltd. Macmillan® is a registered trademark in the United States, United Kingdom and other countries. Palgrave is a registered trademark in the European Union and other countries. ISBN 978-1-349-52247-7 ISBN 978-0-230-59671-9 (eBook) DOI 10.1057/9780230596719 This book is printed on paper suitable for recycling and made from fully managed and sustained forest sources.
    [Show full text]
  • Robert D. Hare Christopher Winship
    Rob ert D. Hare Christopher Winship CHANGES IN THE RELATIVE LABOR FORCE STATUS OF BLACK AND WHITE YOUTHS: A REVIEW OF THE LITERATURE . SR26 · -- -- -~----~---_. -,.-,-:..:.,----> CHA.T\!GES IN THE RELATIVE LABOR FORCE STATUS OF BLACK AND WI-IITE YOUTHS: A REVIEW OF THE LITEP~TURE Robert D. Mare Department of Sociology The University of Wisconsin-Madison and Christopher Winship National Opinion Research Center Chicago, Illinois January 1980 This paper was prepared for the National Commission for Employment Policy, November, 1979. The authors are grateful to Carol Jusenius and Wendy Wolf for advice in preparing this report and to Jane Kulik, Georgia Ragland, and Ann Wallace for bibliographical, editorial, and secretarial assistance. I r- Abstract Since World War II, unemployment rates for black youths have risen much more rapidly than, for white youths. This report reviews the many possible causes of the worsening relative employment status of black youths. These include market and structural trends in the sizes of -------------laborforce--entry cohorts, competition in the low-wage labor market from women and students, the level and coverage of the minimum wage, occupa­ tional and industrial structure, and the geographic distribution of jobs; and social and demographic trends in school enrollment, armed force enlistment, marriage and family norms, and recipiency of public assistance. Several of the most commonly mentioned explanations for youth labor force trends--for example, minimum wage legislation trends and the sizes of recent youth cohorts--are not closely consistent with the timing and age pattern of trends in the labor force. On the other hand, a major source of the deteriorating relative status of black teenagers appears to be the massive reduction in agricultural jobs during the past 30 years.
    [Show full text]