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Transit Timing Analysis of the Hot Jupiters WASP-43B and WASP-46B and the Super Earth Gj1214b
Transit timing analysis of the hot Jupiters WASP-43b and WASP-46b and the super Earth GJ1214b Mathias Polfliet Promotors: Michaël Gillon, Maarten Baes 1 Abstract Transit timing analysis is proving to be a promising method to detect new planetary partners in systems which already have known transiting planets, particularly in the orbital resonances of the system. In these resonances we might be able to detect Earth-mass objects well below the current detection and even theoretical (due to stellar variability) thresholds of the radial velocity method. We present four new transits for WASP-46b, four new transits for WASP-43b and eight new transits for GJ1214b observed with the robotic telescope TRAPPIST located at ESO La Silla Observatory, Chile. Modelling the data was done using several Markov Chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) simulations of the new transits with old data and a collection of transit timings for GJ1214b from published papers. For the hot Jupiters this lead to a general increase in accuracy for the physical parameters of the system (for the mass and period we found: 2.034±0.052 MJup and 0.81347460±0.00000048 days and 2.03±0.13 MJup and 1.4303723±0.0000011 days for WASP-43b and WASP-46b respectively). For GJ1214b this was not the case given the limited photometric precision of TRAPPIST. The additional timings however allowed us to constrain the period to 1.580404695±0.000000084 days and the RMS of the TTVs to 16 seconds. We investigated given systems for Transit Timing Variations (TTVs) and variations in the other transit parameters and found no significant (3sv) deviations. -
The Rings and Inner Moons of Uranus and Neptune: Recent Advances and Open Questions
Workshop on the Study of the Ice Giant Planets (2014) 2031.pdf THE RINGS AND INNER MOONS OF URANUS AND NEPTUNE: RECENT ADVANCES AND OPEN QUESTIONS. Mark R. Showalter1, 1SETI Institute (189 Bernardo Avenue, Mountain View, CA 94043, mshowal- [email protected]! ). The legacy of the Voyager mission still dominates patterns or “modes” seem to require ongoing perturba- our knowledge of the Uranus and Neptune ring-moon tions. It has long been hypothesized that numerous systems. That legacy includes the first clear images of small, unseen ring-moons are responsible, just as the nine narrow, dense Uranian rings and of the ring- Ophelia and Cordelia “shepherd” ring ε. However, arcs of Neptune. Voyager’s cameras also first revealed none of the missing moons were seen by Voyager, sug- eleven small, inner moons at Uranus and six at Nep- gesting that they must be quite small. Furthermore, the tune. The interplay between these rings and moons absence of moons in most of the gaps of Saturn’s rings, continues to raise fundamental dynamical questions; after a decade-long search by Cassini’s cameras, sug- each moon and each ring contributes a piece of the gests that confinement mechanisms other than shep- story of how these systems formed and evolved. herding might be viable. However, the details of these Nevertheless, Earth-based observations have pro- processes are unknown. vided and continue to provide invaluable new insights The outermost µ ring of Uranus shares its orbit into the behavior of these systems. Our most detailed with the tiny moon Mab. Keck and Hubble images knowledge of the rings’ geometry has come from spanning the visual and near-infrared reveal that this Earth-based stellar occultations; one fortuitous stellar ring is distinctly blue, unlike any other ring in the solar alignment revealed the moon Larissa well before Voy- system except one—Saturn’s E ring. -
Abstracts of the 50Th DDA Meeting (Boulder, CO)
Abstracts of the 50th DDA Meeting (Boulder, CO) American Astronomical Society June, 2019 100 — Dynamics on Asteroids break-up event around a Lagrange point. 100.01 — Simulations of a Synthetic Eurybates 100.02 — High-Fidelity Testing of Binary Asteroid Collisional Family Formation with Applications to 1999 KW4 Timothy Holt1; David Nesvorny2; Jonathan Horner1; Alex B. Davis1; Daniel Scheeres1 Rachel King1; Brad Carter1; Leigh Brookshaw1 1 Aerospace Engineering Sciences, University of Colorado Boulder 1 Centre for Astrophysics, University of Southern Queensland (Boulder, Colorado, United States) (Longmont, Colorado, United States) 2 Southwest Research Institute (Boulder, Connecticut, United The commonly accepted formation process for asym- States) metric binary asteroids is the spin up and eventual fission of rubble pile asteroids as proposed by Walsh, Of the six recognized collisional families in the Jo- Richardson and Michel (Walsh et al., Nature 2008) vian Trojan swarms, the Eurybates family is the and Scheeres (Scheeres, Icarus 2007). In this theory largest, with over 200 recognized members. Located a rubble pile asteroid is spun up by YORP until it around the Jovian L4 Lagrange point, librations of reaches a critical spin rate and experiences a mass the members make this family an interesting study shedding event forming a close, low-eccentricity in orbital dynamics. The Jovian Trojans are thought satellite. Further work by Jacobson and Scheeres to have been captured during an early period of in- used a planar, two-ellipsoid model to analyze the stability in the Solar system. The parent body of the evolutionary pathways of such a formation event family, 3548 Eurybates is one of the targets for the from the moment the bodies initially fission (Jacob- LUCY spacecraft, and our work will provide a dy- son and Scheeres, Icarus 2011). -
General Interstellar Issue
Journal of the British Interplanetary Society VOLUME 72 NO.4 APRIL 2019 General interstellar issue POSITRON PROPULSION for Interplanetary and Interstellar Travel Ryan Weed et al. SPACECRAFT WITH INTERSTELLAR MEDIUM MOMENTUM EXCHANGE REACTIONS: the Potential and Limitations of Propellantless Interstellar Travel Drew Brisbin ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE for Interstellar Travel Andreas M. Hein & Stephen Baxter www.bis-space.com ISSN 0007-084X PUBLICATION DATE: 30 MAY 2019 Submitting papers International Advisory Board to JBIS JBIS welcomes the submission of technical Rachel Armstrong, Newcastle University, UK papers for publication dealing with technical Peter Bainum, Howard University, USA reviews, research, technology and engineering in astronautics and related fields. Stephen Baxter, Science & Science Fiction Writer, UK James Benford, Microwave Sciences, California, USA Text should be: James Biggs, The University of Strathclyde, UK ■ As concise as the content allows – typically 5,000 to 6,000 words. Shorter papers (Technical Notes) Anu Bowman, Foundation for Enterprise Development, California, USA will also be considered; longer papers will only Gerald Cleaver, Baylor University, USA be considered in exceptional circumstances – for Charles Cockell, University of Edinburgh, UK example, in the case of a major subject review. Ian A. Crawford, Birkbeck College London, UK ■ Source references should be inserted in the text in square brackets – [1] – and then listed at the Adam Crowl, Icarus Interstellar, Australia end of the paper. Eric W. Davis, Institute for Advanced Studies at Austin, USA ■ Illustration references should be cited in Kathryn Denning, York University, Toronto, Canada numerical order in the text; those not cited in the Martyn Fogg, Probability Research Group, UK text risk omission. -
NASA Finds Neptune Moons Locked in 'Dance of Avoidance' 15 November 2019, by Gretchen Mccartney
NASA finds Neptune moons locked in 'dance of avoidance' 15 November 2019, by Gretchen McCartney Although the dance may appear odd, it keeps the orbits stable, researchers said. "We refer to this repeating pattern as a resonance," said Marina Brozovi?, an expert in solar system dynamics at NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory in Pasadena, California, and the lead author of the new paper, which was published Nov. 13 in Icarus. "There are many different types of 'dances' that planets, moons and asteroids can follow, but this one has never been seen before." Far from the pull of the Sun, the giant planets of the Neptune Moon Dance: This animation illustrates how the outer solar system are the dominant sources of odd orbits of Neptune's inner moons Naiad and gravity, and collectively, they boast dozens upon Thalassa enable them to avoid each other as they race dozens of moons. Some of those moons formed around the planet. Credit: NASA alongside their planets and never went anywhere; others were captured later, then locked into orbits dictated by their planets. Some orbit in the opposite direction their planets rotate; others swap orbits Even by the wild standards of the outer solar with each other as if to avoid collision. system, the strange orbits that carry Neptune's two innermost moons are unprecedented, according to Neptune has 14 confirmed moons. Neso, the newly published research. farthest-flung of them, orbits in a wildly elliptical loop that carries it nearly 46 million miles (74 million Orbital dynamics experts are calling it a "dance of kilometers) away from the planet and takes 27 avoidance" performed by the tiny moons Naiad years to complete. -
Filipiak Solar System Book
Our Solar System Mrs. Filipiak’s Class Our Solar System Mrs. Filipiak’s Class Sun ...............................................................................................7 Michael ........................................................................................7 Mercury ........................................................................................1 Denzel ..........................................................................................1 Mercury ........................................................................................3 Austin ...........................................................................................3 Mercury ........................................................................................5 Madison B ....................................................................................5 Venus ............................................................................................7 Shyla .............................................................................................7 Venus ............................................................................................9 Kenny ...........................................................................................9 Earth ..........................................................................................11 Kaleb ..........................................................................................11 Earth ..........................................................................................13 -
Formation of Regular Satellites from Ancient Massive Rings in the Solar System
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Weighing Uranus' Moon Cressida with the Η Ring
The Astronomical Journal, 154:153 (8pp), 2017 October https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-3881/aa880e © 2017. The American Astronomical Society. All rights reserved. Weighing Uranus’ Moon Cressida with the η Ring Robert O. Chancia1 , Matthew M. Hedman1 , and Richard G. French2 1 Department of Physics, University of Idaho, Moscow, ID 83844-0903, USA; [email protected] 2 Astronomy Department, Wellesley College, Wellesley, MA 02481, USA Received 2017 June 19; revised 2017 August 9; accepted 2017 August 21; published 2017 September 20 Abstract The η ring is one of the narrow rings of Uranus, consisting of a dense core that is 1–2 km wide and a diffuse outer sheet spanning about 40 km. Its dense core lies just exterior to the 3:2 Inner Lindblad Resonance of the small moon Cressida. We fit the η ring radius residuals and longitudes from a complete set of both ground-based and Voyager stellar and radio occultations of the Uranian rings spanning 1977–2002. We find variations in the radial position of the η ring that are likely generated by this resonance, and take the form of a 3-lobed structure rotating at an angular rate equal to the mean motion of the moon Cressida. The amplitude of these radial oscillations is 0.667±0.113 km, which is consistent with the expected shape due to the perturbations from Cressida. The magnitude of these variations provides the first measurement of the mass and density of the moon Cressida (m =´()2.5 0.4 1017 kg and r =0.86 0.16 gcm−3) or, indeed, any of Uranus’ small inner moons. -
Resonant Moons of Neptune
EPSC Abstracts Vol. 13, EPSC-DPS2019-901-1, 2019 EPSC-DPS Joint Meeting 2019 c Author(s) 2019. CC Attribution 4.0 license. Resonant moons of Neptune Marina Brozović (1), Mark R. Showalter (2), Robert A. Jacobson (1), Robert S. French (2), Jack L. Lissauer (3), Imke de Pater (4) (1) Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, California, USA, (2) SETI Institute, California, USA, (3) NASA Ames Research Center, California, USA, (4) University of California Berkeley, California, USA Abstract We used integrated orbits to fit astrometric data of the 2. Methods regular moons of Neptune. We found a 73:69 inclination resonance between Naiad and Thalassa, the 2.1 Observations two innermost moons. Their resonant argument librates around 180° with an average amplitude of The astrometric data cover the period from 1981-2016, ~66° and a period of ~1.9 years. This is the first fourth- with the most significant amount of data originating order resonance discovered between the moons of the from the Voyager 2 spacecraft and HST. Voyager 2 outer planets. The resonance enabled an estimate of imaged all regular satellites except Hippocamp the GMs for Naiad and Thalassa, GMN= between 1989 June 7 and 1989 August 24. The follow- 3 -2 3 0.0080±0.0043 km s and GMT=0.0236±0.0064 km up observations originated from several Earth-based s-2. More high-precision astrometry of Naiad and telescopes, but the majority were still obtained by HST. Thalassa will help better constrain their masses. The [4] published the latest set of the HST astrometry GMs of Despina, Galatea, and Larissa are more including the discovery and follow up observations of difficult to measure because they are not in any direct Hippocamp. -
Artificial Intelligence for Interstellar Travel
Artificial Intelligence for Interstellar Travel Andreas M. Hein1 and Stephen Baxter2 1Initiative for Interstellar Studies, Bone Mill, New Street, Charfield, GL12 8ES, United Kingdom 2c/o Christopher Schelling, Selectric Artists, 9 Union Square 123, Southbury, CT 06488, USA. November 20, 2018 Abstract The large distances involved in interstellar travel require a high degree of spacecraft autonomy, realized by artificial intelligence. The breadth of tasks artificial intelligence could perform on such spacecraft involves maintenance, data collection, designing and constructing an infrastructure using in-situ resources. Despite its importance, exist- ing publications on artificial intelligence and interstellar travel are limited to cursory descriptions where little detail is given about the nature of the artificial intelligence. This article explores the role of artificial intelligence for interstellar travel by compiling use cases, exploring capabilities, and proposing typologies, system and mission archi- tectures. Estimations for the required intelligence level for specific types of interstellar probes are given, along with potential system and mission architectures, covering those proposed in the literature but also presenting novel ones. Finally, a generic design for interstellar probes with an AI payload is proposed. Given current levels of increase in computational power, a spacecraft with a similar computational power as the human brain would have a mass from dozens to hundreds of tons in a 2050 { 2060 timeframe. Given that the advent of the first interstellar missions and artificial general intelligence are estimated to be by the mid-21st century, a more in-depth exploration of the re- lationship between the two should be attempted, focusing on neglected areas such as protecting the artificial intelligence payload from radiation in interstellar space and the role of artificial intelligence in self-replication. -
By: Maddie S. It Takes 84 Earth Years for It to Complete One Orbit
Uranus By: Maddie S. It takes 84 earth years for it to complete one orbit. It's radius is 400.1 miles. At its closest it orbits Uranus appeared to be 1.7 billion miles away. At its only a blue-green ball with farthest it orbits 1.9 billion miles a smooth surface. away. Uranus is too far away to see easily without a telescope. Uranus is the seventh planet Sometimes it is just bright from the sun. It orbits farther enough to see with the naked out, along Uranus's outer eye. ring. Uranus' high powered telescope at the Keck Observatory in Hawaii creates detailed images of Uranus. Each of Uranus' hemispheres receives 42 earth years of sunlight. Uranus' rings are a mix of large chunks of matter and fine particles of dust. One spacecraft has managed to visit Uranus but it took a little creativity to get it there. The rings orbiting Uranus are thinner than those orbiting other planets. Uranus has ten moons. Ariel is Uranus's brightest moon. The moons names are Juliet, Puck Cordelia, Ophelia, Bianca, Desdemona, Portia, Rosalind, Cressida, and Belinda. Umbriel is the darkest moon on Uranus. Uranus Uranus is so far away that for about 200 years scientists could not make out how quickly it turns on its axis. Most planets turn on their axis in such a way that they are almost upright as they move about the sun. It is the only planet with an axis tipped that way, so some think of it as a sideways planet. Like most planets, Uranus has its own natural satellites, or moons. -
Architecture for Going to the Outer Solar System
ARGOSY ARGOSY: ARchitecture for Going to the Outer solar SYstem Ralph L. McNutt Jr. ll solar system objects are, in principle, targets for human in situ exploration. ARGOSY (ARchitecture for Going to the Outer solar SYstem) addresses anew the problem of human exploration to the outer planets. The ARGOSY architecture approach is scalable in size and power so that increasingly distant destinations—the systems of Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, and Neptune—can be reached with the same crew size and time require- ments. To enable such missions, achievable technologies with appropriate margins must be used to construct a viable technical approach at the systems level. ARGOSY thus takes the step past Mars in addressing the most difficult part of the Vision for Space AExploration: To extend human presence across the solar system. INTRODUCTION The Vision for Space Exploration “The reasonable man adapts himself to the world: the unreason- 2. Extend human presence across the solar system, start- able one persists in trying to adapt the world to himself. Therefore ing with a return to the Moon by the year 2020, in 1 all progress depends on the unreasonable man.” preparation for human exploration of Mars and other G. B. Shaw destinations 3. Develop the innovative technologies, knowledge, On 14 January 2004, President Bush proposed a new and infrastructures to explore and support decisions four-point Vision for Space Exploration for NASA.2 about destinations for human exploration 1. Implement a sustained and affordable human and 4. Promote international and commercial participation robotic program to explore the solar system and in exploration to further U.S.