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MG Invasive Species 5/4/20 What are invasive species? • Non-native organisms that cause or are likely to cause harm to ecosystems, commerce or human health when they invade a new Hillebrand Steve, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service environment. Invasive Species Phil Woolery European starling An Equal Access/Equal Opportunity University An Equal Access/Equal Opportunity University Native Species VS. Exotic How did they get here? • Native – Species present in North America before European settlement • Conservation- soil – Can be native to different part of the country, erosion, wildlife but have been moved- black locust habitat • Exotic • Accidental- came – Not present before European settlement with something else – Not all of these are invasive • Ornamental- – Also non-native, alien, or introduced escapes An Equal Access/Equal Opportunity University An Equal Access/Equal Opportunity University Invasion Map What makes them successful • High reproductive capacity • Effective seed dispersal • Competitive advantige • Tolerant of a variety of growing conditions • Allelopathy - chemical warfare • Lack of natural enemies/controls • Disturbance or change in the local ecosystem creating an Source: US Forest Service invadable space An Equal Access/Equal Opportunity University An Equal Access/Equal Opportunity University 1 5/4/20 Why should I care? • Outcompete native species • Kill native plants • Reduce wildlife habitat • Alter ecosystem processes • Increase costs (Source: Southwest Montana Science Partnership’s Module on Plants and Pollinators) • Increase in disease An Equal Access/Equal Opportunity University An Equal Access/Equal Opportunity University Threat of invasive species Economic costs AsianSoybean long-horned aphidsbeetle • Worldwide problem Environmental damage A Midwest street before and after EAB • No. 2 threat to environment • Affects most ecosystems • Estimated US annual http://www.stateconservation.org/arkansas/Ozark-Highlands/Invasive-and-Native-Species-Resources cost: Threat to human health Dave Voegtlin Missouri Department of Conservation staff http://www.sgvmosquito.org/services_asiantiger.php US$ 120,000,000,000 Indiana Cost= $5.85 Million a year An Equal Access/Equal Opportunity University An Equal Access/Equal Opportunity University Wildlife • Native plants hosts Diseases for insects • Insects as a food • Invasive shrubs source for wildlife improve tick habitat – 6,000-9,000 – Japanese barberry caterpillars to raise 5 birds www.allaboutbirds.org • Increased amount of Lyme disease Scott Bauer, USDA Agricultural Research Service, Bugwood.org An Equal Access/Equal Opportunity University An Equal Access/Equal Opportunity University 2 5/4/20 Types of Invasive Species http://www.immunoclin.com/index.php/products/primaleukin-broad-spectrum-anti-infective-therapy Eurasian watermilfoil Brown marmorated stink bug Invasive Plant Control • Expect to need 3-5 years to eradicate an infestation John Obermeyer http://saveblacklake.org/invasive-species/eurasian-water-milfoil – Emerald ash borer Expect re-infestation Asian lady beetle Garlic mustard • Common species • If nearby infestation • Equipment sanitation/cleaning a must to The Native Plant Herald –Prairie Nursery Colleen Gaynor https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Harmonia_axyridis#/media prevent moving seeds around and aided Mute swan spread of these plants • Learn how to recognize new species and act quickly Isaac Chellman Asian carp Yerpo to control them An Equal Access/Equal Opportunity University An Equal Access/Equal Opportunity University Feral hogs https://student.societyforscience.org/article/alien-carp-leap-scene Control Techniques • Cut stump • Basal bark Cut Stump Treatment • Foliar treatments – Spot spray • Used on any woody invasive plant, – Broadcast regardless of size • Physical removal • Cutting down the woody plant and treating – Mowing cut surface with a concentrated, systemic – Pulling herbicide to prevent sprouting An Equal Access/Equal Opportunity University An Equal Access/Equal Opportunity University Photo: Chris Evans, University of Illinois Photo: Chris Evans, University of Illinois An Equal Access/Equal Opportunity University An Equal Access/Equal Opportunity University 3 5/4/20 Cut Stump Treatments • 50% solution of glyphosate (41%) • 17-25% solution of triclopyr (Garlon) • Treatment very soon after cutting surface (ideally within 10 minutes) • Treat entire surface of small stems (less than 2” diameter) or outer 1” of larger stems James H. Miller, USDA Forest Service, Bugwood.org • Treatment is most effective in mid to late fall An Equal Access/Equal Opportunity University An Equal Access/Equal Opportunity University Basal Bark Treatments • Apply herbicide directly to the stem of the woody plant – Make sure to cover all sides – Ground – 12” high • Oil-based herbicide to aid in penetration through bark • Triclopyr (17-25%) in oil with a dye Steve Manning, Invasive Plant Control, Bugwood.orgc An Equal Access/Equal Opportunity University An Equal Access/Equal Opportunity University Basal Bark Treatments Foliar Treatments • Useful for woody and herbaceous invasive • Used on smaller stem woody plants plants • Quick and easy but does use more herbicide • Plants typical need to be photosynthetically than cut stump active • Leaves plants standing – no slash problem • Use lower rates of herbicides (cut tops of trees and bushes) • Potential for non-target impacts An Equal Access/Equal Opportunity University An Equal Access/Equal Opportunity University 4 5/4/20 Foliar Treatments • A variety of herbicides can be used, depending upon target species • Thorough coverage of leaves with herbicide • Don’t spray to point of runoff Photo: Chris Evans, University of Illinois An Equal Access/Equal Opportunity University An Equal Access/Equal Opportunity University Foliar Treatments • Typical application – 1-3% glyphosate – 2-4% triclopyr – CHECK Labels and literature for more specific rates and additional herbicide options – Young plants are more susceptible and can be controlled using lower range of rates – Tends to work better later in the season for woody plants Photo: Chris Evans, University of Illinois An Equal Access/Equal Opportunity University An Equal Access/Equal Opportunity University Need Active Foliage! Mechanical Removal • Mowing/cutting – Will not kill on its own – Used as part of chemical control • Pulling – Roots Photo: Chris Evans, University of Illinois – Easier on small plants James H. Miller, USDA Forest Service, Bugwood.org An Equal Access/Equal Opportunity University An Equal Access/Equal Opportunity University 5 5/4/20 Treatments Summary Indiana Terrestrial Plant Rule • Many options available for control • Enacted in 2019 • Listed plant species will be Illegal to sell, trade, transport after April 2020 (44 species) • The best options depends upon the specific • Includes – Berberis thunbergii (Japanese barberry) conditions at the site and the target invasive – Celastrus orbiculatus (Asian bittersweet) – Coronilla varia (crown vetch) species – Elaeagnus umbellate (autumn olive) – Euonymus fortunei (wintercreeper) – Hesperis matronalis (dame's rocket) • Treatments can be combined (cut stump – Ligustrum obtusifolium (blunt-leaved privet) – Lonicera japonica (Japanese honeysuckle) larger stems and basal bark remaining small – Lonicera maacki (Amur honeysuckle) – Phalaris arundinacea (reed canarygrass) ones) to achieve desired results – Polygonum perfoliatum (mile-a-minute vine) – Reynoutria japonica (Syn: Fallopia japonica or Polygonum cuspidatum) (Japanese knotweed) • Always check label information for specifics – Rhamnus cathartica (common buckthorn) An Equal Access/Equal Opportunity University An Equal Access/Equal Opportunity University Invasive Shrubs Asian Bush Honeysuckle • Multi-stem bush 6-12 feet tall • Several species • Ornamental, wildlife • Stays green late • Edges, understory, roadsides • Control – Mechanical, cut Chris Evans, University of Illinois, Bugwood.org stump, basal bark, and foliar Troy Evans,Richard Great Gardner,Smoky Mountains UMES, Bugwood.org National Park, Bugwood.org Leslie J. Mehrhoff, University of Connecticut, Bugwood.org Richard Gardner, , Bugwood.org An Equal Access/Equal Opportunity University An Equal Access/Equal Opportunity University Autumn olive Multiflora rose • Large shrub up to 20 feet • Wildlife habitat/ • Conservation erosion – Nitrogen fixing • Open areas, pastures, roadsides • Forest, edges, • Can form open areas impenetrable • Control thickets Rob Routledge, Sault College, Bugwood.org Rob Routledge, Sault College, Bugwood.org – • Control Mechanical, Leslie J. Mehrhoff, University of Connecticut, Bugwood.org Leslie J. Mehrhoff, University of Connecticut, Bugwood.org foliar, cut – Leslie J. Mehrhoff, University of Connecticut, Bugwood.org Leslie J. MehrhoffLeslie J., University Mehrhoff ,of University Connecticut, of Connecticut, Bugwood.org Bugwood.org Mechanical, foliar, John M. Randall, The Nature Conservancy, Bugwood.org stump, basal basal bark, cut Karan A. Rawlins, University of Georgia, Bugwood.org stump An Equal Access/Equal Opportunity University bark An Equal Access/Equal Opportunity University 6 5/4/20 Burning Bush Privet • Ornamental • Ornamental • Lots of seed – Border hedges • Forest • Shades out • Woodlands/roadsides everything • Control • Control – Mechanical, foliar, – Mechanical, foliar, cut basal bark, cut stump stump, basal bark Leslie J. Mehrhoff, University of Connecticut, Bugwood.org Leslie J. Mehrhoff, University of Connecticut, Bugwood.org Leslie J. Mehrhoff, University of Connecticut, Bugwood.org
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