Separately Chargeable Drugs List
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Fludarabine, Treosulfan and Etoposide Sensitivity and the Outcome of Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation in Childhood Acute Myeloid Leukemia
ANTICANCER RESEARCH 27: 1547-1552 (2007) Fludarabine, Treosulfan and Etoposide Sensitivity and the Outcome of Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation in Childhood Acute Myeloid Leukemia JAN STYCZYNSKI1, JACEK TOPORSKI2, MARIUSZ WYSOCKI1, ROBERT DEBSKI1, ALICJA CHYBICKA2, DARIUSZ BORUCZKOWSKI3, JACEK WACHOWIAK3, BEATA WOJCIK4, JERZY KOWALCZYK4, LIDIA GIL5, WALENTYNA BALWIERZ6, MICHAL MATYSIAK7, MARYNA KRAWCZUK-RYBAK8, ANNA BALCERSKA9 and DANUTA SONTA-JAKIMCZYK10 1Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Medical College, Nicolaus Copernicus University, ul. Curie-Sklodowskiej 9, 85-094 Bydgoszcz; 2Department of Pediatric Transplantology, Hematology and Oncology, Medical University, ul. Bujwida 44, 50-345 Wroclaw; 3Department of Pediatric Transplantology, Hematology and Oncology, Medical University, ul. Szpitalna 27/33, 60-572 Poznan; 4Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Medical University, ul. Chodzki 2, 20-093 Lublin; 5Department of Hematology, Medical University, ul. Szamarzewskiego 84, 60-569 Poznan; 6Department of Pediatric Oncology/Hematology, Medical College, Jagiellonian University, ul. Wielicka 265, 30-663 Krakow; 7Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Medical University, ul. Marszalkowska 24, 00-576 Warsaw; 8Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Medical University, ul. Waszyngtona 17, 15-274 Bialystok; 9Department of Pediatric Hematology, Oncology and Endocrinology, Medical University, ul. Debinki 7, 80-210 Gdansk; 10Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Medical University, ul. -
PI3K Inhibitors in Cancer: Clinical Implications and Adverse Effects
International Journal of Molecular Sciences Review PI3K Inhibitors in Cancer: Clinical Implications and Adverse Effects Rosalin Mishra , Hima Patel, Samar Alanazi , Mary Kate Kilroy and Joan T. Garrett * Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45267-0514, USA; [email protected] (R.M.); [email protected] (H.P.); [email protected] (S.A.); [email protected] (M.K.K.) * Correspondence: [email protected]; Tel.: +1-513-558-0741; Fax: +1-513-558-4372 Abstract: The phospatidylinositol-3 kinase (PI3K) pathway is a crucial intracellular signaling pathway which is mutated or amplified in a wide variety of cancers including breast, gastric, ovarian, colorectal, prostate, glioblastoma and endometrial cancers. PI3K signaling plays an important role in cancer cell survival, angiogenesis and metastasis, making it a promising therapeutic target. There are several ongoing and completed clinical trials involving PI3K inhibitors (pan, isoform-specific and dual PI3K/mTOR) with the goal to find efficient PI3K inhibitors that could overcome resistance to current therapies. This review focuses on the current landscape of various PI3K inhibitors either as monotherapy or in combination therapies and the treatment outcomes involved in various phases of clinical trials in different cancer types. There is a discussion of the drug-related toxicities, challenges associated with these PI3K inhibitors and the adverse events leading to treatment failure. In addition, novel PI3K drugs that have potential to be translated in the clinic are highlighted. Keywords: cancer; PIK3CA; resistance; PI3K inhibitors Citation: Mishra, R.; Patel, H.; Alanazi, S.; Kilroy, M.K.; Garrett, J.T. -
Nanomedicines and Combination Therapy of Doxorubicin and Olaparib for Treatment of Ovarian Cancer
Nanomedicines and Combination Therapy of Doxorubicin and Olaparib for Treatment of Ovarian Cancer by Sina Eetezadi A thesis submitted in conformity with the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences University of Toronto © Copyright by Sina Eetezadi 2016 Nanomedicines and Combination Therapy of Doxorubicin and Olaparib for Treatment of Ovarian Cancer Sina Eetezadi Doctor of Philosophy Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences University of Toronto 2016 Abstract Ovarian cancer is the fourth leading cause of death in women of developed countries, with dismal survival improvements achieved in the past three decades. Specifically, current chemotherapy strategies for second-line treatment of relapsed ovarian cancer are unable to effectively treat recurrent disease. This thesis aims to improve the therapeutic outcome associated with recurrent ovarian cancer by (1) creating a 3D cell screening method as an in vitro model of the disease (2) developing a nanomedicine of doxorubicin (DOX) that is more efficacious than PEGylated liposomal doxorubicin (PLD / Doxil®) and (3) evaluating additional strategies to enhance treatment efficacy such as mild hyperthermia (MHT) and combination therapy with inhibitors of the poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase enzyme family (PARP). Overall, this work demonstrates the use of 3D multicellular tumor spheroids (MCTS) as an in vitro drug testing platform which more closely reflects the clinical presentation of recurrent ovarian cancer relative to traditional monolayer cultures. With the use of this technology, it was found that tissue penetration of drug is not only an issue for large tumors, but also for invisible, microscopic lesions that result from metastasis or remain following cytoreductive surgery. A novel block-copolymer micelle formulation for DOX was developed and fulfilled the goal of ii controlling drug release while enhancing intratumoral distribution and MCTS bioavailability of DOX, which resulted in a significant improvement in growth inhibition, relative to PLD. -
Genetic Screens in Isogenic Mammalian Cell Lines Without Single Cell Cloning
ARTICLE https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-020-14620-6 OPEN Genetic screens in isogenic mammalian cell lines without single cell cloning Peter C. DeWeirdt1,2, Annabel K. Sangree1,2, Ruth E. Hanna1,2, Kendall R. Sanson1,2, Mudra Hegde 1, Christine Strand 1, Nicole S. Persky1 & John G. Doench 1* Isogenic pairs of cell lines, which differ by a single genetic modification, are powerful tools for understanding gene function. Generating such pairs of mammalian cells, however, is labor- 1234567890():,; intensive, time-consuming, and, in some cell types, essentially impossible. Here, we present an approach to create isogenic pairs of cells that avoids single cell cloning, and screen these pairs with genome-wide CRISPR-Cas9 libraries to generate genetic interaction maps. We query the anti-apoptotic genes BCL2L1 and MCL1, and the DNA damage repair gene PARP1, identifying both expected and uncharacterized buffering and synthetic lethal interactions. Additionally, we compare acute CRISPR-based knockout, single cell clones, and small- molecule inhibition. We observe that, while the approaches provide largely overlapping information, differences emerge, highlighting an important consideration when employing genetic screens to identify and characterize potential drug targets. We anticipate that this methodology will be broadly useful to comprehensively study gene function across many contexts. 1 Genetic Perturbation Platform, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, 75 Ames Street, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA. 2These authors contributed equally: Peter C. DeWeirdt, -
The Role of PARP1 in Monocyte and Macrophage
cells Review The Role of PARP1 in Monocyte and Macrophage Commitment and Specification: Future Perspectives and Limitations for the Treatment of Monocyte and Macrophage Relevant Diseases with PARP Inhibitors Maciej Sobczak 1, Marharyta Zyma 2 and Agnieszka Robaszkiewicz 1,* 1 Department of General Biophysics, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, Pomorska 141/143, 90-236 Lodz, Poland; [email protected] 2 Department of Immunopathology, Medical University of Lodz, 7/9 Zeligowskiego, Bldg 2, Rm177, 90-752 Lodz, Poland; [email protected] * Correspondence: [email protected]; Tel.: +48-42-6354449; Fax: +48-42-6354449 or +48-42-635-4473 Received: 4 August 2020; Accepted: 4 September 2020; Published: 6 September 2020 Abstract: Modulation of PARP1 expression, changes in its enzymatic activity, post-translational modifications, and inflammasome-dependent cleavage play an important role in the development of monocytes and numerous subtypes of highly specialized macrophages. Transcription of PARP1 is governed by the proliferation status of cells at each step of their development. Higher abundance of PARP1 in embryonic stem cells and in hematopoietic precursors supports their self-renewal and pluri-/multipotency, whereas a low level of the enzyme in monocytes determines the pattern of surface receptors and signal transducers that are functionally linked to the NFκB pathway. In macrophages, the involvement of PARP1 in regulation of transcription, signaling, inflammasome activity, metabolism, and redox balance supports macrophage polarization towards the pro-inflammatory phenotype (M1), which drives host defense against pathogens. On the other hand, it seems to limit the development of a variety of subsets of anti-inflammatory myeloid effectors (M2), which help to remove tissue debris and achieve healing. -
PARP Inhibitors Sensitize Ewing Sarcoma Cells to Temozolomide
Published OnlineFirst October 5, 2015; DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.MCT-15-0587 Cancer Biology and Signal Transduction Molecular Cancer Therapeutics PARP Inhibitors Sensitize Ewing Sarcoma Cells to Temozolomide-Induced Apoptosis via the Mitochondrial Pathway Florian Engert1, Cornelius Schneider1, Lilly Magdalena Weib1,2,3, Marie Probst1,and Simone Fulda1,2,3 Abstract Ewing sarcoma has recently been reported to be sensitive to that subsequent to DNA damage-imposed checkpoint activa- poly(ADP)-ribose polymerase (PARP) inhibitors. Searching for tion and G2 cell-cycle arrest, olaparib/TMZ cotreatment causes synergistic drug combinations, we tested several PARP inhibi- downregulation of the antiapoptotic protein MCL-1, followed by tors (talazoparib, niraparib, olaparib, veliparib) together with activation of the proapoptotic proteins BAX and BAK, mitochon- chemotherapeutics. Here, we report that PARP inhibitors syner- drial outer membrane permeabilization (MOMP), activation of gize with temozolomide (TMZ) or SN-38 to induce apoptosis caspases, and caspase-dependent cell death. Overexpression of a and also somewhat enhance the cytotoxicity of doxorubicin, nondegradable MCL-1 mutant or BCL-2, knockdown of NOXA or etoposide, or ifosfamide, whereas actinomycin D and vincris- BAX and BAK, or the caspase inhibitor N-benzyloxycarbonyl-Val- tine show little synergism. Furthermore, triple therapy of ola- Ala-Asp-fluoromethylketone (zVAD.fmk) all significantly reduce parib, TMZ, and SN-38 is significantly more effective compared olaparib/TMZ-mediated apoptosis. These findings emphasize with double or monotherapy. Mechanistic studies revealed that the role of PARP inhibitors for chemosensitization of Ewing the mitochondrial pathway of apoptosis plays a critical role in sarcoma with important implications for further (pre)clinical mediating the synergy of PARP inhibition and TMZ. -
The Ewing Family of Tumors Relies on BCL-2 and BCL-XL to Escape PARP Inhibitor Toxicity Daniel A.R
Published OnlineFirst October 22, 2018; DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.CCR-18-0277 Cancer Therapy: Preclinical Clinical Cancer Research The Ewing Family of Tumors Relies on BCL-2 and BCL-XL to Escape PARP Inhibitor Toxicity Daniel A.R. Heisey1, Timothy L. Lochmann1, Konstantinos V. Floros1, Colin M. Coon1, Krista M. Powell1, Sheeba Jacob1, Marissa L. Calbert1, Maninderjit S. Ghotra1, Giovanna T. Stein2, Yuki Kato Maves3, Steven C. Smith4, Cyril H. Benes2, Joel D. Leverson5, Andrew J. Souers5, Sosipatros A. Boikos6, and Anthony C. Faber1 Abstract Purpose: It was recently demonstrated that the EWSR1-FLI1 revealed increased expression of the antiapoptotic protein t(11;22)(q24;12) translocation contributes to the hypersensi- BCL-2 in the chemotherapy-resistant cells, conferring apo- tivity of Ewing sarcoma to PARP inhibitors, prompting clinical ptotic resistance to olaparib. Resistance to olaparib was evaluation of olaparib in a cohort of heavily pretreated Ewing maintained in this chemotherapy-resistant model in vivo, sarcoma tumors. Unfortunately, olaparib activity was disap- whereas the addition of the BCL-2/XL inhibitor navitoclax pointing, suggesting an underappreciated resistance mecha- led to tumor growth inhibition. In 2 PDXs, olaparib and nism to PARP inhibition in patients with Ewing sarcoma. We navitoclax were minimally effective as monotherapy, yet sought to elucidate the resistance factors to PARP inhibitor induced dramatic tumor growth inhibition when dosed in therapy in Ewing sarcoma and identify a rational drug com- combination. We found that EWS-FLI1 increases BCL-2 bination capable of rescuing PARP inhibitor activity. expression; however, inhibition of BCL-2 alone by veneto- Experimental Design: We employed a pair of cell lines clax is insufficient to sensitize Ewing sarcoma cells to ola- derived from the same patient with Ewing sarcoma prior to parib, revealing a dual necessity for BCL-2 and BCL-XL in and following chemotherapy, a panel of Ewing sarcoma cell Ewing sarcoma survival. -
And Nano-Based Transdermal Delivery Systems of Photosensitizing Drugs for the Treatment of Cutaneous Malignancies
pharmaceuticals Review Micro- and Nano-Based Transdermal Delivery Systems of Photosensitizing Drugs for the Treatment of Cutaneous Malignancies Isabella Portugal 1, Sona Jain 1 , Patrícia Severino 1 and Ronny Priefer 2,* 1 Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biotecnologia Industrial, Universidade Tiradentes, Aracaju 49032-490, Brazil; [email protected] (I.P.); [email protected] (S.J.); [email protected] (P.S.) 2 Massachusetts College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, University, Boston, MA 02115, USA * Correspondence: [email protected] Abstract: Photodynamic therapy is one of the more unique cancer treatment options available in today’s arsenal against this devastating disease. It has historically been explored in cutaneous lesions due to the possibility of focal/specific effects and minimization of adverse events. Advances in drug delivery have mostly been based on biomaterials, such as liposomal and hybrid lipoidal vesicles, nanoemulsions, microneedling, and laser-assisted photosensitizer delivery systems. This review summarizes the most promising approaches to enhancing the photosensitizers’ transdermal delivery efficacy for the photodynamic treatment for cutaneous pre-cancerous lesions and skin cancers. Additionally, discussions on strategies and advantages in these approaches, as well as summarized challenges, perspectives, and translational potential for future applications, will be discussed. Citation: Portugal, I.; Jain, S.; Severino, P.; Priefer, R. Micro- and Keywords: photodynamic therapy; drug delivery; transdermal; cutaneous; cancer Nano-Based Transdermal Delivery Systems of Photosensitizing Drugs for the Treatment of Cutaneous Malignancies. Pharmaceuticals 2021, 1. Introduction 14, 772. https://doi.org/10.3390/ ph14080772 In past decades, clinical demands for the utilization of photosensitizers (PSs) have increased with the advent of photodynamic therapy (PDT). -
AHFS Pharmacologic-Therapeutic Classification System
AHFS Pharmacologic-Therapeutic Classification System Abacavir 48:24 - Mucolytic Agents - 382638 8:18.08.20 - HIV Nucleoside and Nucleotide Reverse Acitretin 84:92 - Skin and Mucous Membrane Agents, Abaloparatide 68:24.08 - Parathyroid Agents - 317036 Aclidinium Abatacept 12:08.08 - Antimuscarinics/Antispasmodics - 313022 92:36 - Disease-modifying Antirheumatic Drugs - Acrivastine 92:20 - Immunomodulatory Agents - 306003 4:08 - Second Generation Antihistamines - 394040 Abciximab 48:04.08 - Second Generation Antihistamines - 394040 20:12.18 - Platelet-aggregation Inhibitors - 395014 Acyclovir Abemaciclib 8:18.32 - Nucleosides and Nucleotides - 381045 10:00 - Antineoplastic Agents - 317058 84:04.06 - Antivirals - 381036 Abiraterone Adalimumab; -adaz 10:00 - Antineoplastic Agents - 311027 92:36 - Disease-modifying Antirheumatic Drugs - AbobotulinumtoxinA 56:92 - GI Drugs, Miscellaneous - 302046 92:20 - Immunomodulatory Agents - 302046 92:92 - Other Miscellaneous Therapeutic Agents - 12:20.92 - Skeletal Muscle Relaxants, Miscellaneous - Adapalene 84:92 - Skin and Mucous Membrane Agents, Acalabrutinib 10:00 - Antineoplastic Agents - 317059 Adefovir Acamprosate 8:18.32 - Nucleosides and Nucleotides - 302036 28:92 - Central Nervous System Agents, Adenosine 24:04.04.24 - Class IV Antiarrhythmics - 304010 Acarbose Adenovirus Vaccine Live Oral 68:20.02 - alpha-Glucosidase Inhibitors - 396015 80:12 - Vaccines - 315016 Acebutolol Ado-Trastuzumab 24:24 - beta-Adrenergic Blocking Agents - 387003 10:00 - Antineoplastic Agents - 313041 12:16.08.08 - Selective -
Bonviva, INN- Ibandronic Acid
European Medicines Agency London, 1 September 2005 Doc.Ref.: EMEA/278873/2005 Bonviva International Nonproprietary Name: Ibandronic acid Following the procedure EMEA/H/C/501/X/01 7 Westferry Circus, Canary Wharf, London E14 4HB, UK Tel. (44-20) 74 18 84 00 Fax (44-20) 74 18 86 68 E-mail: [email protected] http://www.emea.eu.int EMEA 2005 Reproduction and/or distribution of this document is authorised for non commercial purposes only provided the EMEA is acknowledged 1 SCIENTIFIC DISCUSSION 1.1 Introduction and rationale The MAH submitted an extension application under Annex II, point 2 iii to Commission Regulation (EC) No 1085/2003 to request the approval of a 150 mg tablet as a monthly dosing regimen of ibandronate only for the indication of “treatment of osteoporosis in postmenopausal women, in order to reduce the risk of vertebral fractures”. This claim is based on the results of a phase III study MOBILE (BM16549) comparing 100 and 150 mg once monthly to 2.5 mg once daily. Due to the inconveniences associated with intake of oral bisphosphonates (i.e. fasting conditions, frequent upper gastrointestinal intolerance) that may result in poor compliance, it was considered desirable to develop a more convenient drug formulation. Hence a 150 mg once monthly oral regimen is expected to offer greater convenience to postmenopausal women when compared to the currently approved 2.5mg once daily tablet. The development programme No new pre-clinical pharmacodynamic and pharmacokinetic studies have been performed in addition to those included in the previous submission for ibandronate 2.5 mg daily oral tablets. -
CCA Senior Care Options Formulary
Commonwealth Care Alliance Senior Care Option HMO SNP 2021 List of Covered Drugs Formulary 30 Winter Street • Boston, MA 02108 PLEASE READ: THIS DOCUMENT CONTAINS INFORMATION ABOUT THE DRUGS WE COVER IN THIS PLAN This formulary was updated on 08/01/2021. For more recent information or other questions, please contact Senior Care Options Program (HMO SNP) Member Services, at 1-866-610-2273 or, for TTY users, 711, 8 a.m. – 8 p.m., 7 days a week, or visit www.commonwealthcaresco.org. HPMS Approved Formulary File Submission ID 00021589, Version Number 13 Senior Care Options Program (HMO SNP) 2021 Formulary (List of Covered Drugs) PLEASE READ: THIS DO CUMENT CONTAINS INFORMATION ABOUT THE DRUGS WE COVER IN THIS PLAN HPMS Approved Formulary File Submission ID 00021589, Version Number 13 Note to existing members: This formulary has changed since last year. Please review this document to make sure that it still contains the drugs you take. When this drug list (formulary) refers to “we,” “us”, or “our,” it means Commonwealth Care Alliance. When it refers to “plan” or “our plan,” it means 2021 Senior Care Options Program. This document includes list of the drugs (formulary) for our plan which is current as of 08/01/2021. This formulary document applies to all SCO members. For an updated formulary, please contact us. Our contact information, along with the date we last updated the formulary, appears on the front and back cover pages. You must generally use network pharmacies to use your prescription drug benefit. Benefits, formulary, pharmacy n etwork, and/or copayments/coinsurance may change on January 1, 2022, and from time to time during the year. -
Phase I Trial of the PARP Inhibitor Olaparib and AKT Inhibitor Capivasertib in Patients with BRCA1/2- and Non–BRCA1/2-Mutant Cancers
Published OnlineFirst June 12, 2020; DOI: 10.1158/2159-8290.CD-20-0163 RESEARCH ARTICLE Phase I Trial of the PARP Inhibitor Olaparib and AKT Inhibitor Capivasertib in Patients with BRCA1/2- and Non–BRCA1/2-Mutant Cancers Timothy A. Yap1,2, Rebecca Kristeleit3, Vasiliki Michalarea1, Stephen J. Pettitt4,5, Joline S.J. Lim1, Suzanne Carreira2, Desamparados Roda1,2, Rowan Miller3, Ruth Riisnaes2, Susana Miranda2, Ines Figueiredo2, Daniel Nava Rodrigues2, Sarah Ward1,2, Ruth Matthews1,2, Mona Parmar1,2, Alison Turner1,2, Nina Tunariu1, Neha Chopra1,4, Heidrun Gevensleben2, Nicholas C. Turner1,4, Ruth Ruddle2, Florence I. Raynaud2, Shaun Decordova2, Karen E. Swales2, Laura Finneran2, Emma Hall2, Paul Rugman6, Justin P.O. Lindemann6, Andrew Foxley6, Christopher J. Lord4,5, Udai Banerji1,2, Ruth Plummer7, Bristi Basu8, Juanita S. Lopez1,2, Yvette Drew7, and Johann S. de Bono1,2 Downloaded from cancerdiscovery.aacrjournals.org on September 30, 2021. © 2020 American Association for Cancer Research. Published OnlineFirst June 12, 2020; DOI: 10.1158/2159-8290.CD-20-0163 ABSTRACT Preclinical studies have demonstrated synergy between PARP and PI3K/AKT path- way inhibitors in BRCA1 and BRCA2 (BRCA1/2)–deficient andBRCA1/2 -proficient tumors. We conducted an investigator-initiated phase I trial utilizing a prospective intrapatient dose- escalation design to assess two schedules of capivasertib (AKT inhibitor) with olaparib (PARP inhibi- tor) in 64 patients with advanced solid tumors. Dose expansions enrolled germline BRCA1/2-mutant tumors, or BRCA1/2 wild-type cancers harboring somatic DNA damage response (DDR) or PI3K–AKT pathway alterations. The combination was well tolerated. Recommended phase II doses for the two schedules were: olaparib 300 mg twice a day with either capivasertib 400 mg twice a day 4 days on, 3 days off, or capivasertib 640 mg twice a day 2 days on, 5 days off.