Pharmacogenomic Biomarkers in Docetaxel Treatment of Prostate Cancer: from Discovery to Implementation
G C A T T A C G G C A T genes Review Pharmacogenomic Biomarkers in Docetaxel Treatment of Prostate Cancer: From Discovery to Implementation Reka Varnai 1,2, Leena M. Koskinen 3, Laura E. Mäntylä 3, Istvan Szabo 4,5, Liesel M. FitzGerald 6 and Csilla Sipeky 3,* 1 Department of Primary Health Care, University of Pécs, Rákóczi u 2, H-7623 Pécs, Hungary 2 Faculty of Health Sciences, Doctoral School of Health Sciences, University of Pécs, Vörösmarty u 4, H-7621 Pécs, Hungary 3 Institute of Biomedicine, University of Turku, Kiinamyllynkatu 10, FI-20520 Turku, Finland 4 Institute of Sport Sciences and Physical Education, University of Pécs, Ifjúság útja 6, H-7624 Pécs, Hungary 5 Faculty of Sciences, Doctoral School of Biology and Sportbiology, University of Pécs, Ifjúság útja 6, H-7624 Pécs, Hungary 6 Menzies Institute for Medical Research, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania 7000, Australia * Correspondence: csilla.sipeky@utu.fi Received: 17 June 2019; Accepted: 5 August 2019; Published: 8 August 2019 Abstract: Prostate cancer is the fifth leading cause of male cancer death worldwide. Although docetaxel chemotherapy has been used for more than fifteen years to treat metastatic castration resistant prostate cancer, the high inter-individual variability of treatment efficacy and toxicity is still not well understood. Since prostate cancer has a high heritability, inherited biomarkers of the genomic signature may be appropriate tools to guide treatment. In this review, we provide an extensive overview and discuss the current state of the art of pharmacogenomic biomarkers modulating docetaxel treatment of prostate cancer. This includes (1) research studies with a focus on germline genomic biomarkers, (2) clinical trials including a range of genetic signatures, and (3) their implementation in treatment guidelines.
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