The Faculty Reading Lists for Part I papers are revised annually. In designing examinations, setters take into account reading lists operative during a two-year period.

HISTORICAL TRIPOS PART I PAPER 12

EUROPEAN HISTORY 776 B.C. - A.D. 69

FACULTY BOOKLIST

(2018–19 version) PAPER 12: EUROPEAN HISTORY, 776 BC – AD 69

This paper covers the history of the ancient world in the Mediterranean region over eight centuries. There are two main points of focus: Classical Greece of the fifth and fourth centuries BC, and Republican and early Imperial from the turn of the third century BC to the mid- first century AD.

The bibliographies which follow concentrate on key items aimed at providing suggestive and interesting introductions to the various topics and the issues and controversies they involve. They cut across rather than duplicate the division of material that is reflected in the organisation of the lectures. They are unashamedly selective; deliberately not exhaustive. Taken together, they should give some idea of what this paper has to offer, and of the sheer fascinating variety of issues which confront any historian of the ancient world.

PAPER 12 - RECOMMENDED READING LIST

NB Primary sources are not listed separately in the bibliographies which follow; most are easily available in translation in Penguin , Oxford World Classics, or the Loeb Classical Library; the latter is available on-line, as indeed are many other ancient sources.

A GREEK HISTORY

A1. General & introductory a) Sourcebooks M. Dillon and L. Garland, Ancient Greece: Social and Historical Documents from Archaic Times to the Death of Socrates, 3rd edn. (London, 2010) M. Crawford and D. Whitehead, Archaic and Classical Greece. A Selection of Ancient Sources in Translation (Cambridge, 1983) C. Fornara, From archaic times to the end of the Peloponnesian War (Cambridge, 1983) P. Harding, From the end of the Peloponnesian War to the Battle of Issus (Cambridge, 1985) P.J. Rhodes The Greek City States (Cambridge, 2007) P.J. Rhodes and R. Osborne Greek Historical Inscriptions 404–323 BC (Oxford, 2003) R. Osborne and P.J. Rhodes Greek Historical Inscriptions 478–404 BC (Oxford, 2017) b) Monographs and papers The Cambridge Ancient History 2nd ed. Vols. 5 and 6, (ed. D.M. Lewis, et al.) (Cambridge, 1992) P. Cartledge ed., The Cambridge Illustrated History of Ancient Greece, (Cambridge and New York, 1998). P. Cartledge, The Greeks: A Portrait of Self and Others, 2nd ed. (Oxford, 2002) JACT The World of Athens Revised edition (Cambridge, 2008) O. Murray and S. Price ed., The Greek City from Homer to Alexander (Oxford, 1990) J. Ober, The Rise and Fall of Classical Greece (Princeton, 2015) R. Osborne ed., Classical Greece (Oxford Short History of Europe, vol.1) (Oxford, 2000) R. Osborne, Greek History: The Basics (London, 2014)

A2. Archaic Greece J. Hall, A history of the archaic Greek world: ca. 1200-479 BCE. (London, 2007) O. Murray, Early Greece (London, 1993) R. Osborne, Greece in the Making, c.1200-479 B.C. 2nd edn. (London, 2009) A. Snodgrass, Archaic Greece: the age of experiment (London, 1980) N. Fisher and H. van Wees ed., Archaic Greece: new approaches and new evidence (London, 1998) H.A. Shapiro (ed.), The Cambridge Companion to Archaic Greece (Cambridge, 2007) L.H. Jeffery, Archaic Greece. The City-States, c.700-500 B.C. (London, 1976)

A3. Athenian Democracy a) Sourcebooks J.M. Moore Aristotle and Xenophon on Democracy and Oligarchy 2nd ed., (London, 1983) R. Osborne Athenian Democracy LACTOR 5 (London, 2014) R. Osborne The Old Oligarch: Ps.-Xenophon’s Constitution of the Athenians LACTOR 2 3rd edn. (London, 2017) b) Monographs and papers C. Carey Democracy in Classical Athens (Bristol, 2000) J.K. Davies Democracy and Classical Greece 2nd ed. (London, 1993) M.I. Finley Politics in the Ancient World, (Cambridge, 1983) ------Democracy Ancient and Modern 2nd ed., (London, 1985) ------'The Athenian demagogues' Past and Present 1962 reprinted in M I Finley Studies in Ancient Society (1975) ch.1, and in Democracy Ancient and Modern 2nd ed. S. Forsyke, Exile, Ostracism and Democracy: The Politics of Expulsion in Ancient Greece (Princeton, 2005) M.H. Hansen, The Athenian Democracy in the Age of Demosthenes: Structure, Principles and Ideology (Oxford, 1991) D. Kamen Status in Classical Athens (Princeton, 2013) N. Loraux The invention of Athens (Harvard, 1986) J. Ober Mass and Elite in Democratic Athens: Rhetoric, Ideology and the Power of the People (Princeton, 1989) ------, Political Dissent in Democratic Athens (Princeton, 1998) ch. 1-2. R. Osborne Demos: The Discovery of Classical Attika (Cambridge, 1985) R. Osborne, Athens and Athenian Democracy (Cambridge, 2010) R. Osborne and S. Hornblower ed., Ritual, Finance, Politics. Athenian Democratic Accounts presented to David Lewis (Oxford, 1994) K. Raaflaub 'Perceptions of democracy in fifth-century Athens' in J. Rufus Fears ed. Aspects of Athenian Society (Copenhagen, 1985) ch.2. K. Raaflaub, J. Ober and R. Wallace (eds), Origins of Democracy in Ancient Greece (Berkeley, 2007) P.J. Rhodes, ed Athenian Democracy Edinburgh Readings on the Ancient World (Edinburgh, 2004) R.K. Sinclair Democracy and participation in classical Athens (Cambridge, 1988) I.F. Stone The Trial of Socrates (London 1988) with S.C. Todd 'The journalist, the academic and the trial of Socrates', Polis 8 (1989) 28-48 R. Thomas Oral tradition and written record in classical Athens (Cambridge, 1989) 196-237

A4. Delian League/Athenian Empire a) Sourcebooks R. Osborne ed., The Athenian Empire LACTOR 1 (4th edition) (London, 2000) b) Monographs and papers P. Low ed., The Athenian Empire (Edinburgh, 2008) P.J. Rhodes The Athenian Empire (Greece & Rome New Surveys in the Classics 17, Oxford 1985) R. Meiggs The Athenian Empire (Oxford, 1972; corrected ed. 1979) J. Ma, N. Papazarkadas & R. Parker (eds.) Interpreting the Athenian Empire (London, 2009). L. Nixon and S. Price 'The Size and Resources of Greek Cities' in O. Murray and S. Price ed.,The Greek City from Homer to Alexander (Oxford, 1990) pp 137-70. P. Brunt 'Athenian Settlement Abroad in the Fifth Century B.C.', in his Studies in Greek History and Thought (Oxford, 1993), ch.5. G.E.M. de Ste. Croix 'The Character of the Athenian Empire', Historia 3 (1954) 1-41 M.I. Finley 'The Fifth-century Athenian Empire: A Balance Sheet', in P.D.A. Garnsey & C.R. Whittaker eds., Imperialism in the Ancient World (Cambridge, 1978) (reprinted in M.I. Finley Economy and Society in Ancient Greece ed. B.D. Shaw and R. P. Saller, (London, 1981) ch.3. G.T. Griffith 'Athens in the Fourth Century', in Garnsey Imperialism ch.4 D.M. Lewis 'The Athenian Coinage Decree', in I. Carradine ed., Coinage and Administration in the Administration in the Athenian and Persian Empires BAR International Series 343 (Oxford 1987) pp. 53-63 T. Figuera, The Power of Money: Coinage and Politics in the Athenian Empire (Philadelphia, 1998) H. Mattingly ' and the Athenian Empire', Historia 41 (1992) 129-38 J. Cargill The Second Athenian League: Empire or Free Alliance? (Berkeley, 1981).

A5. Athens and the Ideology of Empire D. Boedeker and K. Raaflaub ed., Democracy, Empire and the Arts (Cambridge, Mass., 1998) L. Burn 'The art of the state in fifth-century Athens', in M.M. Mackenzie & C. Roueché, ed. Images of Authority: Papers presented to Joyce Reynolds on the occasion of her seventieth birthday Cam. Philological Society Supp. Vol.16, (1989) pp. 62-81 D. Castriota Myth, Ethos and Actuality: Official Art in fifth-century Athens, (1992) S. Goldhill 'The Great Dionysia and civic ideology', in J.J. Winkler & F.I. Zeitlin ed., Nothing to do with Dionysus? Athenian Drama in its Social Context (Princeton, 1990), pp. 97-129 E. Hall Inventing the Barbarian: Greek Self-definition through Tragedy, (Oxford, 1989) I. Jenkins The Parthenon Frieze, (London 1994) J. Neils ed., Goddess and Polis: The Panathenaic Festival of Ancient Athens (1992) J. Neils The Parthenon Frieze (Cambridge, 2001) R. Osborne 'Framing the centaur: reading fifth-century architectural sculpture', in S. Goldhill and R. Osborne, ed., Art and Text in Culture (Cambridge 1994) ch.3 ------, 'Democracy and Imperialism in the Panathenaic Procession: The Parthenon Frieze and its Context', in W.D.E. Coulson, O. Palagia et.al., ed., The Archaeology of Athens and under the Democracy Oxbow Monographs 37, (Oxford, 1994), pp. 143-50; (reprinted in Osborne Athens and Athenian Democracy (Cambridge 2010) C.J. Tuplin 'Imperial tyranny: some reflections on a Classical Greek political metaphor', in P.A. Cartledge & F.D. Harvey ed., Crux: Essays presented to G.E.M. de Ste. Croix on his 75th Birthday, (London, 1985)

A6. Thucydides P.A. Brunt 'Introduction to Thucydides', in his Studies in Greek History and Thought (Oxford, 1993) G.E.M. de Ste Croix The Origins of the Peloponnesian War (London, 1972) 5–34. W.R. Connor Thucydides (Princeton, 1984) S. Hornblower Thucydides (London, 1987) ------,'Narratology and narrative technique in Thucydides' in S. Hornblower ed., Greek Historiography (Oxford, 1994) 131–66. L. Kallet-Marx Money, expense, and the naval power in Thucydides' History (Berkeley, 1993) C. Macleod 'Form and Meaning in the Melian Dialogue', Historia 23 (1974) 385–400 (= Collected Essays (Oxford, 1983) No.8) ------, 'Reason and Necessity: Thucydides 3.9–14, 37–38', Jnl. of Hellenic Studies 98 (1978) 64–78 (= Collected Essays No.10) T. Rood Thucydides. Narrative and Explanation (Oxford, 1998) E. Greenwood, Thucydides and the Shaping of History (London, 2006) A. Rengakos and A. Tsakmakis ed., The Brill Companion to Thucydides (Leiden, 2006) N. Morley Thucydides and the Idea of History (London, 2014)

A7. Sparta M.G.L. Cooley ed. Sparta. LACTOR 21 (London, 2017) [Sourcebook] M.I. Finley 'Sparta and Spartan Society', in his Economy and Society in Ancient Greece (London, 1981), 24–40 M Whitby ed. Sparta. Edinburgh Readings on the Ancient World (Edinburgh 2002) P. Cartledge The Spartans. An Epic History, 2nd edn (London 2003) ------Sparta and Lakonia: A Regional History c.1300-362 B.C. 2nd ed. (London, 2002) ------Agesilaos and the Crisis of Sparta (London, 1987) ------Spartan Reflections (London, 2001) N. Kennell Spartans: A New History (Oxford, 2010) C.G. Starr 'The credibility of early Spartan History', in his Essays in Greek and Roman History: A Selection of Articles and Reviews E.J. Brill, Leiden, 1979, 144–59 (=Historia 14 (1965) 257–72); reprinted in Whitby, Sparta. W.G. Forrest A History of Sparta, 950-192 B.C. 2nd ed., London, 1980. J. Ducat Spartan Education (London, 2006) S. Hodkinson 'Social Order and the Conflict of Values in Classical Sparta', Chiron 13 (1983) ; reprinted in Whitby, Sparta. ------Property and Wealth in Classical Sparta (London, 2000). ------ed. Sparta: Comparative Approaches (London, 2009) S. Hodkinson and A. Powell ed. Sparta and War (London, 2006) ------ed. Sparta: New Perspectives (London, 1999) N. Luraghi and S. Alcock ed., Helots and their Masters (Washington, D.C., 2003). A. Powell & S. Hodkinson ed., The Shadow of Sparta (London, 1994) ------ed. Sparta beyond the Mirage (London, 2002) ------ed. Sparta: The Body Politic (Swansea, 2010) T.J. Figueira ed. Spartan Society (London, 2004)

A8. Macedon, Philip II and Alexander the Great a) Sourcebooks W. Heckel and J.C. Yardley, Alexander the Great (Oxford, 2004)

b) Monographs and Papers E. Borza, In the Shadow of Olympus: The Emergence of Macedon (Princeton, 1990), A.B. Bosworth,Conquest and empire. The reign of Alexander the Great (Cambridge, 1988) ------Alexander and the East. The Tragedy of Triumph (Oxford, 1996) ------and E.J. Baynham eds., Alexander the Great in Fact and Fiction (Oxford, 2000) P. Brunt Introduction and Appendices, , 2 vols., Loeb Classical Library (Cambridge, Mass., 1976) P. Briant Alexander the Great: the heroic ideal, (London 1996), (French original 1987) P. Cartledge Alexander the Great. The Hunt for a New Past (London 2004) E. Carney, Women and Monarchy in Macedonia (Norman, 2000) E. Carney and D. Ogden (eds), Philip II and Alexander the Great (Oxford, 2010). R. Errington, A History of Macedonia, trans. C. Errington (Berkeley, 1990) P. Green Alexander of Macedon (new edition, 1991) W. Heckel and L. Tritle eds., Alexander the Great: A New History (Oxford, 2009) R. Lane Fox ed., Brill’s Companion to Ancient Macedon (Leiden, 2011) J. Roisman ed., Brill’s Companion to Alexander the Great (Leiden, 2003) I. Worthington Alexander the Great Man and God (London 2003) I. Worthington ed. Alexander the Great: A Reader (Oxford 2004) I. Worthington Philip II of Macedon (New Haven 2008)

A9. Hellenistic World a) Sourcebooks M.M. Austin The Hellenistic world from Alexander to the Roman conquest. A selection of ancient sources in translation (Cambridge, 1981; 2nd edn. 2006) R. Bagnall and P. Derow, The (Oxford, 2004) b) Monographs and papers J. Boardman, J. Griffin and O. Murray ed., Greece and the Hellenistic world (Oxford, 1988), chapters 13-15 (S. Price, R. Lane Fox and J. Barnes). F.W. Walbank The Hellenistic world, revised ed. 2002. G. Shipley The Greek world after Alexander, 323-30 B.C. (London, 2000) A. Erskine ed., A Companion to the Hellenistic World (Oxford, 2003) P. Cartledge, P. Garnsey and E. Gruen ed., Hellenistic constructs (Berkeley, 1997) E. Gruen, The Hellenistic world and ihe coming of Rome (Berkeley, 1984) J. Ma Antiochos III and the cities of western Minor (Oxford, 1999) J. Bingen, Hellenistic Egypt (Cambridge, 2013) P.J. Kosmin The Land of the Elephant Kings: Space, territory and ideology in the Seleucid Empire (Cambridge MA, 2014) A. Chaniotis War in the Hellenistic World: a Social and Cultural History (Oxford, 2005) A. Chaniotis Age of Conquests: The Greek World from Alexander to 336 BC – AD 138 (The Profile History of the Ancient World). (London, 2018)

B GREEK AND ROMAN HISTORY B1. Gender & Sexuality a) Sourcebooks M. Lefkowitz & M. Fant, Women’s Life in Greece and Rome, 3rd edn. (Baltimore, 2005) J. Rowlandson ed., Women and society in Greek and Roman Egypt (Cambridge, 1998) b) Monographs and papers General E. Fantham et.al. eds. Women in the Classical World: Image and Text (Oxford 1994) M. Foucault History of Sexuality vols I-III (London, 1980–86) M. Golden and P. Toohey eds. Sex and Difference in Ancient Greece and Rome (Edinburgh, 2003) T. Hubbard ed., A Companion to Greek and Roman Sexualities (Oxford, 2013) S.L. James and S. Dillon eds, A Companion to Women in the Ancient World (Oxford, 2012) L. McClure Sexuality and Gender in the Classical World (Oxford, 2002) M. Skinner, Sexuality in Greek and Roman Culture (Oxford, 2005) C. Vout Sex on Show: Seeing the Erotic in Greece and Rome (London, 2013) M. Wyke ed. Gender and the Body in the ancient Mediterranean, (Oxford, 1998)

Greece D. Cohen 'Law, society and homosexuality in classical Athens', Past & Present 117 (1987) 3-21, reprinted in R. Osborne ed. Studies in Ancient Greek and Roman History (Cambridge, 2004) ------, Law, Sexuality and Society: the Enforcement of Morals in Classical Athens, (Cambridge, 1991) J. Davidson Courtesans and Fishcakes. The consuming passions of Classical Athens (London, 1997) ------, The Greeks and Greek Love (London, 2007) L. Dean-Jones Women's Bodies in Classical Greek Science (Oxford, 1994) K.J. Dover Greek Homosexuality revised ed. (London, 1989) D.M. Halperin One Hundred Years of Homosexuality: and other Essays in Greek Love (London, 1980) ------, J.J. Winkler & F.I. Zeitlin ed., Before Sexuality: The Construction of the Erotic Experience in the Ancient Greek World (Princeton, 1990) R. Just, Women in Athenian Law and Life (London, 1991) S. Lewis The Athenian : an iconographical handbook (London, 2002) R. Omitowoju Rape and the Politics of Consent in Classical Athens (Cambridge, 2002) E. Reeder ed., Pandora. Women in Classical Greece (Princeton, 1995) J. Robson Sex and Sexuality in Classical Athens (Edinburgh, 2012) J.J. Winkler The Constraints of Desire: An Anthropology of Sex and Gender in Ancient Greece (London, 1990)

Rome E. D’Ambra, Roman Women (Cambridge, 2008) S. Dixon, The Roman (London 1988) ------, Reading Roman Women (London, 2001) C. Edwards, The Politics of Immorality in (Cambridge, 1993) R. Flemming Medicine and the Making of Roman Women (Oxford, 2000) J. Gardner Women in and Society (London 1986) J. Hallett, M.D. Skinner ed., Roman Sexualities (Princeton, 1998) D.E. Kleiner and S.B. Matheson ed., I Claudia: Women in Ancient Rome (New Haven, 1996) D.E. Kleiner and S.B. Matheson ed., I Claudia II: Women in and Society (Austin, 2000) R. Langlands Sexual Morality in Ancient Rome (Cambridge, 2006) T. McGinn, Prostitution, Sexuality and the Law in Ancient Rome (Oxford, 1998) A. Richlin The Garden of : Sexuality and Aggression in Roman Humour revd.ed. (Oxford, 1992) M. Skinner, Clodia Metelli: The ’s Sister (Oxford, 2011) S. Treggiari , Tullia and Publilia: The Women of ’s Family (London, 2007) C. Vout Power and Eroticism in Imperial Rome (Cambridge, 2007) C. Williams, Roman Homosexuality: Ideologies of Masculinity in (Oxford, 1999/2010)

B2. Slavery a) Sourcebooks T.E.J. Wiedemann Greek and Roman Slavery, London 1981. b) Monographs and papers General J. Andreau and R. Descaut, The Slave in Greece and Rome (Madison, 2011) M.M. Austin & P. Vidal-Naquet Economic and Social History of Greece: an Introduction. (London 1977) E. Dal Lago and C. Katsari (eds), Slave Systems: Ancient and Modern (Cambridge, 2008) M.I. Finley Ancient Slavery and Modern Ideology, (London, 1980; revised ed. by B.D. Shaw Princeton 1998) M.I. Finley ed. Slavery in Classical antiquity: views and controversies (Cambridge 1960) ------, Classical Slavery (London, 1987; repr 1999 with new intro by W Scheidel) P. Garnsey Ideas of slavery from Aristotle to Augustine, (Cambridge, 1996) P. Hunt Slavery in Ancient Greece and Rome (Malden, 2018) O. Patterson Slavery and social death: A comparative study (Cambridge Mass., 1982) T.E.J. Wiedemann Slavery: Greece & Rome New Surveys in the Classics 19, (Oxford, 1987 and reprinted with additions).

Greece P.A. Cartledge 'Rebels and Sambos in Classical Greece: A Comparative View', in P.A. Cartledge & F.D. Harvey ed., Crux: Essays presented to G.E.M. de Ste. Croix on his 75th Birthday (London, 1985), pp. 16-46 (= Spartan Reflections ch.11) ------, 'Like a worm i' the bud? A Heterology of classical Greek slavery', Greece & Rome 40 (1993) 163-80 Y. Garlan Slavery in Ancient Greece (trans. J. Lloyd) revised ed., (1988) N.R.E. Fisher Slavery in Classical Greece (Bristol, 1993) M.I. Finley 'Was Greek civilisation based on slave labour?', in his Economy and Society in Ancient Greece ed. B.D.Saller, (London, 1981), ch.6. (= Historia 8 (1959) 145–64) M.Jameson 'Agriculture and Slavery in Classical Athens', Classical J. 73 (1977-78) 122-45 R. Osborne 'The economics and politics of slavery in Athens', in A. Powell ed., The Greek World (London, 1995), 27–43. N.D. Smith 'Aristotle's theory of natural slavery', Phoenix 37 (1983), 109–23 E.M. Wood Peasant-citizen and slave: the foundations of Athenian democracy, (London, 1988)

Rome K.R.Bradley Slavery and Rebellion in the Roman World 140 B.C. - 70 B.C. (Indiana, 1989) ------, Slaves and Masters in the , (New York, 1984) ------, Slavery and Society at Rome, (Cambridge, 1994) L. De Ligt, Peasants, Citizens and Soldiers: Studies in the Demographic History of Roman Italy 225BC-AD 100 (Cambridge, 2012) W. Fitzgerald Slavery and the Roman Literary Imagination, (Cambridge, 2000) L. Foxhall ‘The dependent tenant’, J. of Roman Studies 80 (1990) 97–114 P. Garnsey Cities, Peasants and Food (Cambridge, 1998) W.V. Harris ‘Demography, geography and the sources of Roman slaves’, J. of Roman Studies 89 (1999) 62–75 K. Hopkins Conquerors and Slaves, (Cambridge 1978) ch. 1 ------, ‘Novel Evidence for Roman Slavery’, Past & Present 138 (1993) 3–27, reprinted in R. Osborne ed. Studies in Ancient Greek and Roman History (Cambridge, 2004). S. Joshel, Roman Slavery (Cambridge, 2010) M. Lavan, Slaves to Rome: Paradigms of Empire in Roman Culture (Cambridge, 2013) H. Mouritsen, The in the Roman World (Cambridge, 2011) J.R. Patterson ‘Crisis: What Crisis? Rural Change and Urban Development in Imperial Apennine Italy’, Papers of the British School at Rome 55 (1987) 115–46 D. Rathbone ‘The development of agriculture in the Ager Cosanus during the : problems of evidence and interpretation’, J. of Roman Studies 71 (1981) 10–23. ------, ‘The slave mode of production in Italy’, J. of Roman Studies 73 (1983) 160–8. U. Roth, Thinking Tools: Agricultural Slavery between evidence and Models (London, 2007) W. Scheidel ‘Quantifying the sources of slaves in the early Roman Empire’, J. of Roman Studies 87 (1997), 156–169 W. Scheidel, ‘Human mobility in Roman Italy, II: The Slave Population’, J. of Roman Studies 95 (2005), 64-79

B3. Literacy and Education General W.V. Harris Ancient Literacy (1989) A.K. Bowman & G.D. Woolf ed., Literacy and Power in the Ancient World (1994) B.M.W. Knox ‘Silent Reading in Antiquity’, Greek, Roman and Byzantine Studies 9 (1968) 421–35 A K Gavrilov ‘Techniques of Reading in Antiquity’, Classical Quarterly 47 (1997), 56–73 and M. Burnyeat ‘Postscripts on silent reading’ ibid. 74–6 W.A. Johnson ‘Toward a Sociology of Reading in Classical Antiquity,’ American J. of Philology 121 (2000) 593-627 R. Cribiore Gymanstics of the Mind: Greek Education in Hellenistic and Roman Egypt (Princeton, 2001) T. Morgan Literate Education in the Hellenistic and Roman Worlds (Cambridge, 1998) H.I. Marrou A History of Education in Antiquity (New York, 1956)

Greece R. Thomas Literacy and Orality in Ancient Greece (Cambridge, 1989) J. Goody & I. Watt 'The consequences of literacy', in J. Goody ed., Literacy in Traditional Societies (1968) R. Thomas Oral Tradition and Written Record in Classical Athens (Cambridge, 1989) F.D. Harvey 'Literacy in the Athenian Democracy', Revue des Études grecques 79 (1966) 585–635 M. Griffith '"Public" and "Private" in Early Greek Institutions of Education', in YL Too (ed) Education in Greek and Roman Antiquity (Leiden, 2001) 21–85 A. Burns 'Athenian Literacy in the Fifth Century B.C.', J. of the History of Ideas 42 (1981) pp. 371–87 P.A. Cartledge 'Literacy in the Spartan Oligarchy', J. of Hellenic Studies 88 (1978) 25–37; reprinted in Cartledge, Spartan Reflections ch.4 K. Robb Literacy and Paideia in Ancient Greece (Oxford, 1994)

Rome M. Beard ‘Writing and Ritual: A Study of Diversity and Expansion in the Arval Acta’, Papers of the British School of Rome 53 (1985) 114–162 ------et.al. Literacy in the Roman World, J. of Roman Archaeology Supp. Series No.3, 1991 E.E. Best ‘Literacy and Roman Voting’, Historia 23 (1974) 428–38 W. Bloomer, ‘Schooling in Persona: Imagination and Subordination in Roman Education,’ Classical Antiquity 16 (1997) 57-78. S.F. Bonner Education in Ancient Rome (Berkeley, 1977) A.D. Booth ‘Elementary and Secondary Education in the Roman Empire’, Florilegium 1 (1979) 1–14 E. Hemelrijk Matrona Docta: Educated Women in the Roman Elite from Cornelia to Julia Domna. (London, 1999)

B4. The Ancient Economy a) Sourcebooks F. Meijer & O. van Nijf Trade, Transport and Society in the Ancient World: A Sourcebook (London, 1992) b) Monographs and papers General M.I. Finley The Ancient Economy 2nd ed., (London, 1985) P. Garnsey Famine and Food Supply in the Graeco-Roman World: Responses to Risk and Crisis (Cambridge, 1988) ------, K. Hopkins and C.R. Whittaker ed., Trade in the Ancient Economy (London, 1983) W.V. Harris (ed.), The Monetary Systems of the Greek and Romans (Oxford, 2008) C. Howgego Ancient History from Coins (London, 1995) N. Morley Trade in Classical Antiquity (Cambridge, 2007) W. Scheidel and S. von Reden ed., The Ancient Economy Edinburgh Readings on the Ancient World (Edinburgh, 2002) W. Scheidel, I. Morris, R. Saller eds. The Cambridge Economic History of the Graeco-Roman World (Cambridge, 2007) C.R.Whittaker ed., Pastoral Economies in Classical Antiquity, Cambridge Philological Society Supp. Vol. 14, (1988)

Greece A. Bresson, The Making of the Ancient Greek Economy: Institutions, Markets, and Growth in the City-States (Chicago, 2016) P. Cartledge ‘The economy (economies) of ancient Greece’, Dialogos 5 (1998), 4–24, (reprinted in Scheidel and von Reden above) M.M.Austin & P. Vidal-Naquet Economic and Social History of Greece: An Introduction (London, 1988) R. Osborne Classical Landscape with Figures. The Ancient Greek City and its countryside (London, 1987) P. Cartledge, E.E. Cohen, L. Foxhall ed. Money, Labour and Land: Approaches to the economics of ancient Greece. London, 2002. M.I. Finley Economy and Society in Ancient Greece (London, 1981) S. von Reden Exchange in ancient Greece (London, 1995) P. Millett Lending and Borrowing in Ancient Athens (1991) E.E. Cohen Athenian Economy and Society: A Banking Perspective (1992) G.E.M. de Ste. Croix The Class Struggle in the Ancient Greek World London (corrected ed.) (London, 1983) T.W. Gallant Risk and Survival in Ancient Greece: reconstructing the rural domestic economy (Cambridge, 1993), C.M. Reed Maritime Traders in the Ancient Greek World (Cambridge 2003) E. Harris, D. Lewis and M. Woolmer ed. The Ancient Greek Economy: Markets, Households and City-States (Cambridge, 2015)

Rome A. Bowman and A Wilson ed., Quantifying the : Methods and Problems (Oxford, 2009). J. D’Arms Commerce and Social Standing in ancient Rome (Cambridge, Mass., 1981) R.P. Duncan-Jones Structure and Scale in the Roman Economy (Cambridge, 1990) ------, Money and Government in the Roman Empire (Cambridge, 1994) P. Garnsey (ed. W. Scheidel) Cities, Peasants and Food (Cambridge, 1998) K. Greene The Archaeology of the Roman Economy (London, 1986) K. Hopkins ‘Taxes and Trade in the Roman Empire (200 B.C.–A.D. 400)’, J. of Roman Studies 70 (1980) 101-125 K. Hopkins ‘Rome, taxes, rents and trade’, Kodai 6/7 (1995–1996), 41–75 (reprinted in Scheidel and von Reden above). C. Howgego ‘The supply and use of money in the Roman world’, J. of Roman Studies 82 (1992) 1- 31 W. Jongman The Economy and Society of (Amsterdam, 1988) L. de Ligt Fairs and Markets in the Roman Empire (Amsterdam, 1993) P. Kay Rome’s Economic Revolution (Oxford, 2014) N. Morley Metropolis and hinterland: the city of Rome and the Italian economy 200 BC - AD 200 (Cambridge, 1996) R. Osborne ed. Poverty in the Roman World (Cambridge, 2006) W. Scheidel ed., The Cambridge Companion to the Roman Economy (Cambridge, 2012) P. Temkin The Roman Market Economy (Princeton, 2013) C.R. Whittaker Land City and Trade in the Roman Empire (Aldershot, 1993)

B5. Religion a) Sourcebooks E. Kearns, Ancient Greek Religion (Oxford, 2010) V. Warrior, Roman Religion (Newburyport, 2002)

Greece J. Bremmer Greek Religion. Greece and Rome New Surveys in the Classics no. 24 (Oxford, 1999). S.R.F. Price Religions of the Ancient Greeks (Cambridge, 1999) P. Easterling and J. Muir eds., Greek Religion and Society (Cambridge, 1985) L. Bruit Zaidman and P. Schmitt Pantel Religion in the Ancient Greek City (Cambridge, 1992). R. Buxton ed., Oxford Readings in Greek Religion (Oxford, 2000) R.C.T. Parker Athenian Religion: a history (Oxford, 1996). R.C.T. Parker Polytheism and Society at Athens (Oxford, 2005) R.C.T. Parker On Greek Religion (Ithaca, 2011) D. Ogden ed. A Companion to Greek Religion. (Oxford, 2007) E.Eidinow Oracles, curses and risk among the Ancient Greeks (Oxford, 2007) E. Eidinow and J. Kindt ed. The Osxford Handbook of Ancient Greek Religion (Oxford, 2015) E. Eidinow, J. Kindt, and R. Osborne ed. Theologies of Greek Religion (Cambridge, 2016) S. Alcock and R. Osborne eds., Placing the Gods. Sanctuaries and Sacred Space in Ancient Greece (Oxford, 1994) W. Burkert Greek Religion (Oxford, 1985) M. Detienne and J.-P. Vernant eds., The Cuisine of Sacrifice among the Greeks (Chicago, 1989) R.C.T. Parker Miasma. Pollution and Purification in Early Greek Religion (Oxford, 1983). F. de Polignac Cults, Territory and the Origins of the Greek City-State (Chicago, 1995) J. Kindt, Rethinking Greek Religion (Cambridge, 2012)

Rome (SEE ALSO BELOW C11) C. Ando ed. Roman Religion (Edinburgh, 2003) M. Beard, J. North, S. Price Religions of Rome 2 vols. (Cambridge, 1998) M. Beard & J. North eds., Pagan Priests (London, 1990) E. Bispham and C. Smith eds., Religion in Archaic and Republican Rome and Italy (Edinburgh, 2001) C.B. Champion, The Peace of the Gods: Elite Religious Practcie in the Middle Roman Republic (Princeton, 2017) D.C. Feeney Literature and Religion at Rome: Cultures, Contexts and Beliefs (Cambridge 1998) K. Hopkins Conquerors and Slaves (Cambridge, 1978), 197–242 J.H.W.G. Liebeschuetz Continuity and Change in Roman Religion (Oxford, 1979) E. Orlin, Temples, Religion and Politics in the Roman Republic (Leiden, 1996) E. Orlin, Foreign Cults at Rome: Creating a Roman Empire (Oxford, 2010) S.R.F. Price Rituals and Power: the Roman Imperial Cult in Asia Minor (Cambridge 1988) J. Rives Religion in the Roman Empire (Oxford, 2007) J. Rüpke Religion of the Romans, trans. R. Gordon (Cambridge, 2007) J. Rüpke ed. A Companion to Roman Religion (Oxford, 2007) I.S. Ryberg Rites of the State Religion in Roman Art Memoirs of the American Academy in Rome 23 (1955) J. Scheid An introduction to Roman Religion (Edinburgh, 2003) C.E. Schultz, Women’s Religious Activity in the Roman Republic (Chapel Hill, 2006) C.E. Schultz and P.B. Harvey (eds.), Religion in Republican Italy (Cambridge, 2006) H.H. Scullard Festivals and Ceremonies of the Roman Republic (London, 1981) Z. Várhelyi The Religion of Senators in the Roman Empire (Cambridge, 2010)

B6 Warfare

General H. Sidebottom Ancient Warfare: A Very Short Introduction (Oxford, 2004) J.E. Lendon Soldiers and Ghosts: A History of Battle in Classical Antiquity (New Haven, 2005) Y. Garlan War in the Ancient World: a Social History (London, 1975) K. Raaflaub & N. Rosenstein eds War & Society in the Ancient & Medieval Worlds (Cambridge, MA 1999) P. Sabin, H. van Wees, and M. Whitby eds. The Cambridge History of Greek and Roman Warfare, 2 vols. (Cambridge, 2007)

Greece H. van Wees Greek Warfare: myths and realities (London, 2004) V.D. Hanson The Western Way of War (Oxford, 1989) J. Rich & G. Shipley ed,. War and Society in the Greek World (London, 1993) H. van Wees ed., War and Violence in Ancient Greece (London, 2000) W.K. Pritchett The Greek State at War 5 vols. (Berkeley, 1971–91) P. Hunt Slaves, Warfare and Ideology in the Greek Historians (Cambridge, 1998) I.G. Spence The Cavalry of Classical Greece (Oxford, 1993) J.S. Morrison, J.F. Coates, and B. Rankov The Athenian Trireme (Cambridge, 2002) V. Gabrielsen Financing the Athenians Fleet (Baltimore, 1994) A. Chaniotis, War in the Hellenistic World (Oxford, 2005)

Rome P.A. Brunt Italian Manpower 225 B.C.–A.D. 14 (Oxford, 1971) L. De Ligt, Peasants, Citizens and Soldiers: Studies in the Demographic History of Roman Italy 225BC-AD 100 (Cambridge, 2012) P. Erdkamp, A Companion to the (Oxford, 2007) A. Goldsworthy The Roman Army at War 100 BC–AD 200 (Oxford, 1996) I. Haynes, Blood of the Provinces: The Roman and the Making of Roman Provincial Society from to the Severans (Oxford, 2013) J. Henderson Fighting for Rome (Cambridge, 1998) L. Keppie The Making of the Roman Army: from Republic to Empire, 2nd edn. (London, 1998) J. McCall The Cavalry of the Roman Republic (London, 2002) J. Rich and G. Shipley ed., War and Society in the Roman World (London, 1993) N. Rosenstein Imperatores Victi: Military defeat and aristocratic competition in the middle and late Republic (Berkeley, 1990) N. Rosenstein, Rome at War: Farms, Family and Death in the Middle Republic (Chapel Hill, 2004) P. Sabin, ‘The Face of Roman Battle’, JRS 90 (2000) 1–17

C. ROMAN HISTORY

C1 General and Introductory a) Sourcebooks N. Lewis & M. Reinhold Roman Civilisation: Selected Readings I: The Republic and the Augustan Age 3rd edn. (New York, 1990) ------, Roman Civilisation: Selected Readings II: The Empire 3rd edn. (New York, 1990) b) Monographs and papers W.V.H. Harris, Roman Power: A Thousand Years of Empire (Cambridge, 2016) M. Beard, SPQR: A History of Ancient Rome (New York, 2015) G.D. Woolf ed. The Cambridge Illustrated History of the Roman World (Cambridge, 2003) G.D. Woolf, Rome: An Empire’s Story (Oxford, 2012) H.I. Flower ed. The Cambridge Companion to the Roman Republic (Cambridge, 2004) N. Rosenstein and R. Morstein-Marx eds. A Companion to the Roman Republic (Oxford, 2006) T.J. Cornell & J.F. Matthews Atlas of the Roman World (Oxford, 1982) P. Jones & K. Sidwell The World of Rome (Cambridge 1997)

C2. Early Rome P.A. Brunt Social Conflicts in the Roman Republic (London, 1971) Cambridge Ancient History 2nd ed., Vol. 7.2 The Rise of Rome to 220 BC (ed. F. Walbank et al.) (Cambridge, 1990) T.J. Cornell The Beginnings of Rome (London, 1995) E. Curti, E. Dench, J.R. Patterson ‘The archaeology of central and southern Roman Italy: recent trends and approaches’, J. of Roman Studies (1996) 170-189 E. Dench From Barbarians to New men: Greek, Roman and Modern Perceptions of Peoples from the Central Apennines (Oxford, 1995) R.R. Holloway Archaeology of archaic Rome and Latium (London, 1994) G.B. Miles : Reconstructing Ancient Rome (Ithaca, 1995) S.P. Oakley A Commentary on Livy books 6-10 (esp. intro to book 6) (Oxford, 1997) K. Raaflaub ed. Social Struggles in Archaic Rome: New Perspectives on the Struggle of the Orders, 2nd edn. (Oxford, 2005) C.J. Smith Early Rome and Latium: economy & society (Oxford, 1996) T.P. Wiseman Remus (Cambridge,1995)

C3. Roman Republican Constitution J.R. Patterson Political Life in the City of Rome (Bristol, 1999) M. Beard & M. Crawford Rome in the Late Republic: Problems and Interpretations, 2nd edn. (London, 1999) H. Flower, Roman Republics (Princeton, 2010) A.W.Lintott The Constitution of the Roman Republic (Oxford, 1999) M. Crawford The Roman Republic 2nd ed., Fontana History of the Ancient World (London, 1992) K. Hopkins Death and Renewal (Cambridge 1983) L.A. Burckhardt ‘The political elite of the Roman Republic, comments on recent discussion of the concepts nobilitas and homo novus’, Historia 39 (1990), 79–99. A.W.Lintott Violence in Republican Rome (Oxford, 1968), 2nd edition, (Oxford 1999) ------, ‘Electoral Bribery in the Roman Republic’, J. of Roman Studies 80 (1990) 1–16 W. Nippel Public Order in Ancient Rome (Cambridge, 1995) J.A. North ‘Democratic Politics in Republican Rome’, Past & Present 126 (1990) 3-21, reprinted in R. Osborne ed. Studies in Ancient Greek and Roman History (Cambrdige, 2004) F. Millar ‘The Political Character of the Classical Roman Republic, 200-151 B.C.’, J. of Roman Studies (1984) 1–19, reprinted in F. Millar The Roman Republic and the Augustan Revolution (Chapel Hill, 2002) ------, ‘Politics, Persuasion and the People before the Social War (150-90 B.C.)’, J. of Roman Studies 76 (1986) 1–11 ------, The Crowd in Rome in the Late Republic (Ann Arbor 1998) W.V. Harris ‘On defining the political culture of the Roman Republic’, Classical Philology 85 (1990) 288–94 R. Morstein-Marx Mass Oratory and Political Power in the Late Roman Republic (Cambridge, 2004) H. Mouritsen Plebs and Politics in the late Roman Republic (Cambridge, 2001). H. Mouritsen, Politics in the Roman Republic (Cambridge, 2017) A. Yakobson Elections and electioneering in Rome: a study of the political system of the late Republic (Stuttgart 1999).

C4. Roman Imperialism a) Sourcebooks C. Champion, Roman Imperialism: Readings and Sources (Oxford, 2004) A. Erskine, Roman Imperialism (Edinburgh, 2010) R. Sherk Rome and the Greek East to the death of Augustus (Cambridge, 1984)

b) Monographs and papers Cambridge Ancient History 2nd ed., Vol. 8 Rome and the Mediterranean to 133 BC. (ed. A. Astin et al.) (Cambridge, 1990) J.A. North ‘The development of Roman Imperialism’, J. of Roman Studies 71 (1981) 1–9 W.V. Harris War and Imperialism in Republican Rome, 327-70 B.C. , 2nd ed., (Oxford, 1985) with A.N. Sherwin-White, J. of Roman Studies 70 (1980) 177–81 W.V. Harris ed..The Imperialism of Mid-Republican Rome Papers and Monographs of the American Academy in Rome 29, 1984 A. Eckstein Mediterranean Anarchy, Interstate War and the Rise of Rome (Berkeley, 2006) A. Eckstein Rome Enters the Greek East (Oxford, 2007) K.J. Hölkeskamp ‘Conquest, competition and consensus: Roman expansion in Italy and the rise of the nobilitas’, Historia 42 (1993) 12–39. A.W. Lintott ‘Imperial expansion and moral decline in the Roman Empire’, Historia 21 (1972), 626-38. J. Rich , ‘Fear, greed and glory: the causes of Roman war-making in the middle Republic’, in J. Rich and G. Shipley (ed.), War and Society in the Roman World (London, 1995) 38-68 J.S. Richardson Hispaniae. Spain and the Development of Roman Imperialism 218-82 B.C. (Cambridge, 1986) J.S. Richardson, The Language of Empire (Cambridge, 2008) N.S. Rosenstein ‘War, Failure and Aristocratic Competition’, Classical Philology 85 (1990) 255–65 P.A. Brunt ‘Laus imperii’, in P.D.A. Garnsey & C.R. Whittaker ed., Imperialism in the Ancient World (1978), (reprinted in his Roman Imperial Themes Oxford, 1990, ch.14) H. Flower Ancestor Masks and Aristocratic Power in Roman Culture, (Oxford, 1996) M. Beard The Roman Triumph (Cambridge, Mass. 2007) M. Lavan, Slaves to Rome: Paradigms of Empire in Roman Culture (Cambridge, 2013)

C5. Fall of the Roman Republic a) Sourcebooks D.L. Stockton ed., From the to . Sources for Roman History, 133–80 B.C. LACTOR 13 b) Monographs and papers P.A. Brunt ‘The Roman Mob’, in M.I. Finley ed. Studies in Ancient Society (London, 1974) ch. 4 (= Past & Present 35 (1966) 3–27) P.A. Brunt Social Conflicts in the Roman Republic Ancient Culture and Society (London, 1971) P.A. Brunt The Fall of the Roman Republic and Related Essays (Oxford, 1988) T.P. Wiseman ed., Roman Political Life 90 B.C–A.D. 69 (Exeter Studies in History 7, 1985) H. Flower, Roman Republics (Princeton, 2010) C. Steel, End of the Republic 146-44 BC: Conquest and Crisis (Edinburgh, 2013) K. Hopkins Conquerors and Slaves (Cambridge, 1978) R. Seager : A Political Biography (Oxford, 1979) ------ed., Crisis of the Roman Republic: Studies in Political and Social History (Cambridge, 1969) Cambridge Ancient History 2nd ed., Vol.IX The Last Age of the Roman Republic, 146–43 B.C. (ed. J.A. Crook,A. Lintott, E. Rawson) (Cambridge, 1994) A.N. Sherwin-White ‘The lex repetundarum and the political ideas of Gracchus’, J. of Roman Studies 72 (1982) 18–31 E. Badian ‘Tiberius Gracchus and the beginning of the Roman revolution’, ANRW I.1 (Berlin, 1972), 668-731. C. Meier . A Biography, trans. D. McLintock (New York, 1982), 349-62 J.W. Tatum The Tribune: (Chapel Hill, 1999) E. S. Gruen The Last Generation of the Roman Republic (Berkeley, 1974) (reprinted 1995) J. Osgood Caesar’s Legacy: Civil War and the Emergence of the Roman Empire (Cambridge, 2006

C6. Augustus a) Sourcebooks M.G.L. Cooley ed. The Age of Augustus (LACTOR 17). J.B. Lott, Death and Dynasty in Early Imperial Rome: Key Sources with Text, Translation and Commentary (Cambridge, 2012) b) Monographs and papers A. Wallace-Hadrill Augustan Rome (Bristol, 1993) Cambridge Ancient History 2nd ed. Vol X The Augustan Empire, 43 BC–AD 69 (ed. A.K. Bowman, E. Champlin, A. Lintott) (Cambridge, 1996) ch. 2–3. R. Syme The Roman Revolution, (Oxford, 1939) P. Zanker The Power of Images in the Age of Augustus trans. A. Shapiro (Ann, Arbor, 1988) F. Millar and E. Segal eds.., Caesar Augustus: Seven Aspects corr. ed., (Oxford, 1990) F. Millar The Roman Republic and the Augustan Revolution (Chapel Hill, 2002) Part III P.A. Brunt ‘The role of the Senate in the Augustan regime’, Classical Q 34 (1984) 423–44. J. Elsner ‘Cult and Sculpture: Sacrifice in the Ara Pacis Augustae’, J. of Roman Studies 81 (1991) 50–61 ------, ‘Inventing : texts and the propaganda of monuments in Augustan Rome’ in J. Elsner ed., Art and Text in Roman Culture (Cambridge, 1996) 32–53. D. Favro The urban image of Augustan Rome (Cambridge, 1996) K. Galinsky Augustan culture: an interpretive introduction (Princeton, 1996) K. Galinsky ed., Cambridge Companion to the Age of Augustus (Cambridge, 2005) A. Powell ed., Roman Poetry and Propaganda in the Age of Augustus (Bristol Classical Press, 1992) B. Levick, Augustus: Image and Substance (London, 2010) J. Edmondson (ed.), Augustus (Edinburgh, 2009) J. Richardson, Augustan Rome: 44 BC- AD 14 (Edinburgh, 2012) K.A. Raaflaub and M. Toher ed., Between Republic and Empire: Interpretations of Augustus and his (1990) J. Osgood Caesar’s Legacy: Civil War and the Emergence of the Roman Empire (Cambridge, 2006

C7. Roman Society a) Sourcebooks J. Gardner & T. Wiedemann eds The Roman Household. A Sourcebook (London, 1991) T. Parkin and A. Pomeroy eds., Roman Social History: A Source Book (London, 2007) b) Monographs and papers P. Veyne ed., A History of Private Life I: From Pagan Rome to Byzantium trans. A. Goldhammer, (Cambridge, Mass. 1987) F. Dupont Daily Life in Ancient Rome trans. C. Woodall, (Oxford, 1993) M. Peachin ed., The Oxford Handbook of Social Relations in the Roman World (Oxford, 2011) A. Giardina ed., The Romans, trans. L.G. Cochrane, (Chicago, 1989) C. Nicolet The World of the Citizen in Republican Rome trans. P.S. Falla, (London, 1980) C. Edwards and G. Woolf ed., Rome the Cosmopolis (Cambridge, 2003). C. Edwards The Politics of Immorality in Ancient Rome (Cambridge, 1993) J.R. Patterson ‘The City of Rome: from Republic to Empire’, J. of Roman Studies 82 (1992) 186– 215 C. Edwards Writing Rome. Textual Approaches to the City (Cambridge, 1996) K. Hopkins Death and Renewal (Cambridge, 1983) P. Plass The Game of Death in Ancient Rome: Arena Sport and Political Suicide (1995) J.P. Toner Leisure and Ancient Rome (London, 1995) D.S. Potter & D. Mattingly Life, Death and Entertainment in the Roman Empire (Ann Arbor, 1998) R. Saller Patriarchy, Property and Death in the Roman Family (Cambridge, 1994)

C8. R. Ash, Tacitus (Bristol, 2006) R. Martin Tacitus (London, 1981) R. Mellor Tacitus (New York, 1993) E. O'Gorman Irony and misreading in the Annals of Tacitus (Cambridge, 1996) A.J. Woodman Rhetoric in Classical Historiography: Four Studies (Croom Helm, London, 1988) A.J. Woodman Tacitus Revisited (Oxford, 1998) A.J. Woodman (ed.), The Cambridge Companion to Tacitus (Cambridge, 2009) P. Plass Wit and the Writing of History: The Rhetoric of Historiography in Imperial Rome, (Madison 1988) C. J. Classen ‘Tacitus – Historian between Republic and Principate’, Mnemosyne 41 (1988) 93-116 J. Henderson ‘Tacitus/The World in Pieces’, Ramus 18 (1989) 167–210 E. Keitel ‘Principate and Civil War in the Annals of Tacitus’, American J. of Philology 105 (1984) 306–25 T.J. Luce ‘Tacitus’ Conception of Historical Change: The Problem of Discovering the Historian’s Opinions’, in I.S. Moxon, J.D. Smart and A.J. Woodman eds., Past Perspectives: Studies in Greek and Roman Historical Writing (Cambridge, 1986) 143–57 B. Williams ‘Reading Tacitus’ Tiberian Annals’, Ramus (1989) 140-66

C9. The Emperor in the Roman World P. Garnsey & R. Saller The Early Principate: Augustus to Greece & Rome New Surveys in the Classics 15, (Oxford, 1982) ------, The Roman Empire: Economy, Society and Culture, 2nd ed. (Berkeley, 2014) Olivier Hekster, Emperors and Ancestors: Roman Rulers and the Constraints of Tradition (Oxford, 2015) J.E. Lendon Empire of Honour: the Art of Government in the Roman World (Oxford, 1997) F. Millar The Emperor in the Roman World: 31 B.C–A.D. 337 2nd ed., (London, 1992) with K. Hopkins, ‘Rules of Evidence’, J. of Roman Studies 68 (1978) 178–86 F. Millar Government, Society and Culture in the Roman Empire (Chapel Hill, 2004) Part I C.F. Noreña Imperial ideals in the Roman West: Representation, Circulation, Power (Cambridge, 2011) J. Paterson ‘Friends in high places: the creation of the court of the ’, in A.J. Spawforth (ed.), The Court and Court Society in Ancient Monarchies (Cambridge, 1997), 121–56. M. Roller Constructing Autocracy: Aristocrats and Emperors in Julio- Rome (Princeton, 2001) P. Veyne Bread and Circuses: Historical Sociology and Political Pluralism trans. B. Pierce, ed. O. Murray (Harmondsworth, 1992) A. Wallace-Hadrill : The Scholar and his Caesars (London, 1983) ------ed., Patronage in Ancient Society (London, 1989) ------, ‘The Emperor and his Virtues’, Historia 30 (1981) 298–319

C10. Roman Provincial Administration a) Sourcebooks B. Levick The Government of the Roman Empire: A Sourcebook (London, 1985) R.K. Sherk The Roman Empire: Augustus to Hadrian Translated Documents of Greece and Rome 6 (Cambridge, 1988) b) Monographs and papers P. Garnsey & R. Saller The Roman Empire: Economy, Society and Culture, (London 1987) P. Garnsey & C.R. Whittaker ed., Imperialism in the Ancient World (Cambridge, 1978) esp. chapters by Garnsey & Nutton A. Lintott Imperium Romanum: Politics and Administration (London, 1993) D. Braund ed., Administration of the Roman Empire (241 B.C.–A.D. 193) Exeter Studies in History 18, (1988) P.A. Brunt ‘Charges of Provincial Maladministration under the Early Principate’, Historia 10 (1961) 189–227 (reprinted in Roman Imperial Themes (Oxford, 1990) ch.4) G.P. Burton ‘Proconsuls, Assizes and the Administration of Justice under the Empire’, J. of Roman Studies 65 (1975) R. MacMullen Enemies of the Roman Order: Treason, Unrest and Alienation in the Empire (1966; reprinted London, 1992) F. Millar ‘The Emperor, the Senate and the Provinces’, J. of Roman Studies 56 (1966) pp.156- 66 reprinted in F. Millar, The Roman Republic and the Augustan Revolution (Chapel Hill, 2002) Part III ------et.al., The Roman Empire and its Neighbours 2nd ed., (London, 1981) ------, ‘Empire and City, Augustus to : Obligations, Excuses and Status’, J. of Roman Studies 73 (1983) 76–96, reprinted in F. Millar, Government, Society and Culture in the Roman Empire (Chapel Hill, 2004) G. Woolf Becoming Roman: The origins of Provincial Civilisation in Gaul (Cambridge, 1998)

C11. Imperial cult (SEE ALSO ABOVE B5) R. Gordon ‘The veil of power: Emperors, sacrificers and benefactors’ in M Beard and J North eds., Pagan Priests (London, 1990), 199–232 I. Gradel Emperor Worship and Roman Religion (Oxford, 2002) S. Price ‘Between Man and God: Sacrifice in the Roman Imperial Cult’, J. of Roman Studies 70 (1980) 28–43 ------, ‘From noble funerals to divine cult: the consecration of Roman emperors’, in D. Cannadine & S. Price ed., Rituals of Royalty: Power and Ceremonial in Traditional Societies (1987) 56–105 ------, Rituals and Power: The Roman Imperial Cult in Asia Minor (Cambridge, 1984) J. North ‘Religion and Politics: from Republic to Principate’, J. of Roman Studies 76 (1986) 251–8 D. Fishwick The Imperial Cult in the West: Studies in the Ruler Cult of the Western Provinces of the Roman Empire. Études préliminaries aux religions orientales dans l'Empire romain 108, vols. I. 1–2 R.R.R. Smith ‘The imperial Reliefs from the Sebasteion at Aphrodisias’, J. of Roman Studies 77 (1987) 88–138 A. Small ed., Subject & Ruler: the Cult of the Ruling Power in Classical Antiquity (Ann Arbor, 1996)