Georgia the National Environmental Agency /Department of Hydrometeorology
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Ministry of Environment Protection and Natural Resources of Georgia The National Environmental Agency /Department of Hydrometeorology WMO Workshop on Climate Monitoring Including the Implementation of Climate Watch system in RA VI GEOGRAPHYCALGEOGRAPHYCAL DESCRIPTIONDESCRIPTION The territory of Georgia features a highly contrasting topography. The north of the country is occupied by the Greater Caucasus (the highest peak is Mt. Shkhara, 5068 m). The intermountain depressions south of the greater Caucasus holds the Kolkheti lowland, Inner Kartly, Lower Kartly and Alazani Plains. Still further to the south rise the Lesser Caucasus ranges of medium height, reaching a height of 2 850 m. The southern part of Georgia is covered by the volcanic South Georgian Upland dissected by specific canyon – like river gorges. The Greater Caucasus and the Lesser Caucasus ranges join with the Likhi Range which, at the same time, divides Georgia into two contrasting climatic zones: Western and Eastern Georgia. MINISTRY OF ENVIRONMENT PROTECTION AND NATURAL RESOURCES OF GEORGIA NATIONAL ENVIRONMENTAL AGENCY GeorgianGeorgian climaticclimatic mapmap Georgian hydrometeorological network met eo r o l o giuri dakvirvebis punqtebi - d ax u r u l i pu nqt ebi - moqmed i punqt ebi Hydro Meteorological Stations and Posts from 1900 till now. 180 160 140 120 Hydrometeorological 100 Stations 80 Hydrometeorological Posts 60 40 20 0 1900 1930 1960 1990 2002 2007 Climatic processing of hydrometeorological data Preparation of climatic cadastres, bulletins, reviews; Consumer service by climatological information; Application the processed data for climate monitoring with statistical and dynamical methods In this map there is presented average monthly sum of precipitations of climate Stations and their deviations from the norms from the day of its foundation. P,mm 250 P =106 mm, σ=47 mm 200 150 100 P,mm 160 P 50 P,mm 140 =36 mm, σ=28 mm 200 P 180 =71 mm, σ=43 mm 0 120 1961 1966 1971 1976 1981 1986 1991 1996 2001 160 100 140 80 120 60 100 80 40 Mestia 60 #20 40 0 20 P,mm 0 400 P 1961 1966 1971 1976 1981 1986 1991 1996 2001 1961 1966 1971 1976 1981 1986 1991 1996 2001 350 =148 mm, σ=67 mm 300 & Luji 250 P,mm Lentekhi# 300 P 200 =84 mm, σ=51 mm 150 & 250 & 100 CalenjihaLegahare & Shovi 200 Kazbegi 50 # # Cageri Oni 150 0 & Alpana # & Cinhadu 100 1961 1966 1971 1976 1981 1986 1991 1996 2001 Zugdidi # Gudauri # & Ambrolauri # & 50 Noqalaqevi Namohvani & # Martvili # Barisaho 0 Omalo Torsa #Honi#Ckaltubo & & & 1961 1966# 1971 1976 1981 1986 1991 1996 2001 Zemohaladidi& Tkibuli Sachkhere Pasanauri # Senaki & #Alisubani Korinta # Birkiani & Kutaisi Chinti Black Sea & Lanchuti # # # Lechuri Poti # Samtredia Bagdati& & Chinti& # # Sakara# G e o r g i a # P,mm Citelixevi & Tianeti 700 P & # Haragauli& Sabue =262 mm, σ=122 mm # Dusheti # 600 Chokhatauri & & # # Natanebi & Orhevi & 500 # Anaseuli Cipa Khashuri Kaspi Lelovani# # Sairme Gori & & # Mukhrani Kvareli 400 & Kohi & # & Gombori Telavi 300 # Bakhmaro # & Kobuleti Borjomi Lagodekhi 200 & Adigeni& #Bakuriani & 100 Chaqvi # Abastumani & & & Kojori& # &Samgori Gurjaani 0 & & &# # Sagarejo Charnali & Khulo Edikilisa Manglisi# Tbilisi Tbilisi Chiaura 1961 1966 1971 1976 1981 1986 1991 1996 2001 # Batumi Goderdzi Akhaltsikhe# # & Qv.Magaro# MirveTi #Veli # # AspindzaHetvisi Tsalka & # & Tetri Ckaro& & & Radionovka & Marneuli& Dedoplis Ckaro P,mm Gardabani # 120 P Axalqalaqi Bolnisi Shiraki =33 mm, σ=21 mm Sadaxlo 100 # 80 P,mm 140 P P,mm P,mm =37 mm, σ=29 mm 90 P 250 P 60 120 =35 mm, σ=21 mm =67 mm, σ=49 mm 80 200 40 100 70 60 80 150 20 50 60 40 0 100 40 30 1961 1966 1971 1976 1981 1986 1991 1996 2001 20 20 50 10 0 0 0 1961 1966 1971 1976 1981 1986 1991 1996 2001 1961 1966 1971 1976 1981 1986 1991 1996 2001 1961 1966 1971 1976 1981 1986 1991 1996 2001 REGION VI – EUROPE /GEORGIA 6 Meteostation in the frame of International Exchange, 1 station is modified as Meteopost, and 3 Climate stations INDEX NAME LAT. LONG ELEVATION NUMBER 404 ZESTAFONI 420 08′′ 430 01′′ 148 37 279 ZUGDIDI 420 31′′ 410 53′′ 118 395 KUTAISI 420 16′′ 420 38′′ 114 432 PASANAURI 420 21′′ 440 42′′ 1070 484 BATUMI 410 39′′ 410 38′′ 2 545 TBILISI 410 45′′ 440 46′′ 427 621 BOLNISI 410 27′′ 440 33′′ 534 SomeSome resultsresults ofof climateclimate monitoringmonitoring ExtremeExtreme temperaturetemperature indicesindices onon mostmost stationsstations havehave significantsignificant trendtrend SUSU 2525 ––numbernumber ofof daysdays withwith TmaxTmax >> 25250C,C, positivepositive trend;trend; WSDIWSDI –– warmwarm spellspell durationduration index,index, positivepositive trendtrend forfor easterneastern stations;stations; DTRDTR -- diurnaldiurnal temperaturetemperature range,range, negativenegative forfor westernwestern stationsstations positivepositive forfor EasternEastern ones.ones. su25 id0 tr20 dtr Fd-5 Batumi -0.176 0.002 0.186 -0.013 0 Goderdzi pass 0.016 0.312 0 -0.046 -0.189 Khulo 0.432 0.121 0.01 0.001 0.033 Bakhmaro 0 0.401 0.004 -0.027 -0.017 Foti 0.772 -0.01 0.546 0.003 -0.016 West Lentekhi 0.209 0.229 0.036 -0.04 -0.186 Georgia Samtredia 0.394 -0.011 0.148 0.023 -0.015 Qutaisi 0.015 0.004 0.56 -0.017 -0.031 Ambrolauri 0.486 -0.041 -0.045 0.029 0.037 Sachkhere 0.045 0.053 0.084 -0.014 -0.106 Saqara 0.158 -0.006 0.383 -0.015 -0.06 Mta-sabueti 0.24 0.158 0 0.007 0.126 Abastumani 0.362 0.019 0 0 0.116 Akhalqalaqi 0.552 -0.046 0.003 0.003 -0.027 Akhaltsikhe 0.484 -0.044 0.006 0.008 -0.096 Tsalka 0.361 -0.02 0 0.034 0.391 East Gori 0.224 -0.077 0.041 0.02 0.102 Georgia Pasanauri 0.589 -0.038 0.001 0.02 0.093 Tbilisi 0.155 -0.044 0.332 -0.002 -0.134 Kvareli 0.423 -0.101 0.104 0.019 -0.087 Telavi 0.513 -0.111 0.228 0.019 -0.065 -3 -2 -1 100% 150% 200% 250% 300% 350% 400% 450% 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 50% 0% 1881 1881 1882 1882 1883 1883 1884 1884 1885 1885 1886 1886 1887 1888 1887 August temperature andprecipitation 1888 1889 August temperature andprecipitation 1889 1890 1890 1891 1891 1892 1892 1893 variation forTbilisi (EastGeorgia) 1893 1894 variation forTbilisi (EastGeorgia) 1894 1895 1895 1896 1896 1897 1897 1898 1898 1899 1899 1900 1900 1901 1901 1902 1902 1903 1903 1904 1904 1905 1905 1906 1906 1907 1907 1908 1908 1909 1909 1910 1910 1911 1911 1912 1912 1913 1913 1914 1914 1915 1915 1916 1916 1917 1917 1918 1918 1919 1919 1920 1920 1921 1921 1922 1922 1923 1923 1924 1924 1925 1925 1926 1926 1927 1927 1928 1928 1929 1929 1930 1930 1931 1931 1932 1932 1933 1933 1934 1934 1935 1935 1936 1936 1937 1937 1938 1938 1939 1939 P 1940 no r 1940 1941 T no r agvi st o 1941 agvi st o m 1942 a =47.6 1942 m 1943 a 1943 1944 =23.7 1944 m 1945 m 1945 0 1946 C 1946 1947 1947 1948 1948 1949 1949 1950 1950 1951 1951 1952 1952 1953 1953 1954 1954 1955 1955 1956 1956 1957 1957 1958 1958 1959 1959 1960 1960 1961 1961 1962 1962 1963 1963 1964 1964 1965 1965 1966 1966 1967 1967 1968 1968 1969 1969 1970 1970 1971 1971 1972 1972 1973 1973 1974 1974 1975 1975 1976 1976 1977 1977 1978 1978 1979 1979 1980 1980 1981 1981 1982 1982 1983 1983 1984 1984 1985 1985 1986 1986 1987 1987 1988 1988 1989 1989 1990 1990 1991 1991 1992 1992 1993 1993 1994 1994 1995 1995 1996 1996 1997 1997 1998 1998 1999 1999 2000 2000 2001 2001 2002 2002 2003 2003 2004 2004 2005 2005 2006 2006 2007 2007 2008 2008 2009 2009 100% 120% 140% 160% 180% 200% 220% -5 -4 -3 -2 -1 20% 40% 60% 80% 0 1 2 3 4 5 0% 1955 1955 1956 December temperature andprecipitation December temperature andprecipitation 1956 1957 1957 1958 1958 1959 variation forBatumi (westGeorgia) 1959 1960 variation forBatumi (westGeorgia) 1960 1961 1961 1962 1962 1963 1963 1964 1964 1965 1965 1966 1966 1967 1967 1968 1968 1969 1969 1970 1970 1971 1971 1972 1972 1973 1973 1974 1974 1975 1975 1976 1976 P 1977 no r m 1977 T 1978 no r m 1978 dekem a 1979 dekem 1979 = m 299.5 1980 a 1980 1981 = 8.9 1981 ber i 1982 ber i 1982 1983 0 1983 C 1984 m 1984 1985 1985 1986 1986 1987 1987 1988 1988 1989 1989 1990 1990 1991 1991 1992 1992 1993 1993 1994 1994 1995 1995 1996 1996 1997 1997 1998 1998 1999 1999 2000 2000 2001 2001 2002 2002 2003 2003 2004 2004 2005 2005 2006 2006 2007 2007 2008 2008 2009 2009 -3.5 -2.5 -1.5 -0.5 -3.5 -2.5 -1.5 -0.5 SPI 0.5 1.5 2.5 SPI0.5 1.5 2.5 3.5 -4 -3 -2 -1 -4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 0 1 2 3 4 1956_01 1956_01 1956_07 1956_07 1957_01 1957_01 1957_07 1957_07 1958_01 1958_01 1958_07 1958_07 1959_01 1959_01 1959_07 1959_07 1960_01 1960_01 1960_07 1960_07 1961_01 1961_01 1961_07 1961_07 1962_01 1962_01 1962_07 1962_07 1963_01 1963_01 SPI 1963_07 1963_07 SPI 1964_01 1964_01 1964_07 1964_07 1965_01 1965_01 1965_07 1965_07 1966_01 1966_01 1966_07 1966_07 1967_01 1967_01 1967_07 1967_07 1968_01 1968_01 1968_07 1968_07 1969_01 1969_01 1969_07 1969_07 (6 1970_01 1970_01 (6 1970_07 1970_07 1971_01 1971_01 1971_07 1971_07 1972_01 1972_01 - 1972_07 1972_07 - 1973_01 1973_01 monthes droughts) 1973_07 1973_07 monthes droughts) 1974_01 1974_01 1974_07 1974_07 1975_01 1975_01 1975_07 1975_07 1976_01 1976_01 1976_07 1976_07 1977_01 1977_01 1977_07 1977_07 1978_01 1978_01 1978_07 1978_07 1979_01 1979_01 1979_07 (West Georgia) Kutaisi 1979_07 1980_01 1980_01 Tbilisi (East Georgia) 1980_07 1980_07 1981_01 1981_01 1981_07 1981_07 1982_01 1982_01 1982_07 1982_07 1983_01 1983_01 1983_07 1983_07 1984_01 1984_01 1984_07 1984_07 1985_01 1985_01 1985_07 1985_07 1986_01 1986_01 1986_07 1986_07 1987_01 1987_01 1987_07 1987_07 1988_01 1988_01 1988_07 1988_07 1989_01 1989_01 1989_07 1989_07 1990_01 1990_01 1990_07 1990_07 1991_01 1991_01 1991_07 1991_07 1992_01 1992_01 1992_07 1992_07 1993_01 1993_01 1993_07 1993_07 1994_01 1994_01 1994_07 1994_07 1995_01 1995_01 1995_07