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Philippine Teak hilippine Teak (Tectona philippinensis) is an endemic species of the Philippines. PThis species is very important as it is one of the only three species that belongs to the genus Tectona which includes the commercial teak (Tectona grandis) and the molave (Vitex parviflora). The species belongs to the family Verbenaceae. Due to the rapid decline in population, the species has been declared by the IUCN as critically endangered. With the current species status, there must be urgent conservation efforts to save the species from extinction. Moreover, because of the various important potential uses of the species, further researches on the propagation and plantation establishment of the species are encouraged in order to conduct massive seedling production for successful plantation establishment, protection and maintenance of the species. The information herein can serve as a guide for the students, researchers, nursery operators, plantation managers and the public who have keen interest to help and save our FOREWORD very own Phillippine Teak from extinction. HENRY A. ADORNADO Director I RISE 29.1 Page Philippine Teak Common Name 3 Scientific Name 3 Taxonomic Classification 3 Description 3 Uses 4 Origin and Distribution 4 Ecological Status 4 Habitat and Ecology 4 Phenology 8 Propagation 8 Plantation Establishment 6 Pests and Diseases 9 References 9 CONTENTS II RISE 29.1 PHILIPPINETectona philipinensis Benth. TEAK& Hook. f. For. Marita W. Briz MaritaW. For. Compiled by Photo byGinoLaforteza Common Name Philippine Teak (Eng.); Malapangit (Tag.); Bunglas (BisPn), Malabayabas (Lobo, Batangas) Scientific Name Tectona philippinensis Benth. & Hook. f Taxonomic Kingdom : Plantae Classification Phylum : Magnoliaphyta Class : Magnoliapsida Order : Lamiales Family : Verbenacea Genus : Tectona (teak) Species : Tectona. philippinensis Benth. & Hook. f. Description The Philippine Teak is an endemic forest tree species. It is a small to medium sized tree with bright purple blooms. The species can attain a height of 15 to 25 meters and a diameter of around 50 centimeters. It has leaves which are 8 to 15 cm long and 3 to 6 cm wide elliptical to ovate lanceolate, acuminate, light green above and pale beneath with rough surface. It has terminal flowers sometimes in the upper axils around 8 x 10 mm in diameter. The fruits are very small which are enclosed in enlarged persistent calyx with bony endocarp and thin exocarp. The seeds are oblong. It has grayish trunk with thin flaking bark similar to that of guava. The wood is hard and heavy with relative density of 0.710. It is light yellow with slightly wavy grain. The texture is fine and glossy. 3 RISE 29.1 Uses The species produces valuable timber. Because of its high-density and high-strength wood, the species is recommended for heavy- duty structural uses such as for building ships and sailboats, bridges and wharves, mine timber, posts and beams, railway carriage and for heavy-duty furniture, carpentry and wood carving. It is also used as firewood. The decoction of the species fresh dried leaves is used for menstrual disorders and hemorrhages. The oil from the nuts is utilized as hair grower or can be applied to treat skin irritations. Origin and The species is native in the Philippines. Distribution It is found in the municipalities of Lobo and San Juan in Batangas province. It is also found in barangay Katayungan and Baclayon, Iling Island, Occidental Mindoro and in Mt. Makiling, Laguna. Ecological Status Based on IUCN Red List of Threatened Species, the Philippine Teak is critically endangered due to its continuing decline in area of occupancy and extent of habitat because of agricultural and urban expansion as well as direct exploitation of the species. Likewise, it is also in the list of critically endangered species as per DENR-DAO 2007- 01. Habitat and The species can be found in coastal to Ecology lowland limestone forest. It is usually found in thickets and secondary forests at low altitudes in Batangas, Iling Island in Mindoro and in Mt. Makiling, Laguna. It also thrives in the remaining patches of molave forest and in 4 RISE 29.1 ravine and abyss and on the relief limestone hills with around 18 to 30 degree slope. The species tends to dominate the semi- deciduous forests. It occurs in association with Terminalia polyantha. Others associated species include Vitex parviflora, Tamarindus indicus, Mangifera indica, Ceiba pentandra, Parkia roxburghii, Syzygium spp., and Ficus spp. Photo by Gino Laforteza 5 RISE 29.1 Photo by Gino Laforteza 6 RISE 29.1 Photo by Gino Laforteza 7 RISE 29.1 Phenology A study on the reproductive phenology of the species in Lobo, Batangas revealed that general flowering was observed to those sample trees that belonged to large diameter at breast height. Flowering in trees with at least >30 cm diameter occurs during the onset of the southwest monsoon in June to mid-July while masting (mass seeding) begins in August and fruits matured in September. While major leaf flushing occurs during September to January until the population became leafless in summer. Propagation Accordingly, propagation practices for its close relative Tectona grandis can also be applied for Philippine Teak. However, in the absence of quality seeds, vegetative propagation using stem cuttings can be used instead. Also, a study on the propagation of the species using direct seeding, bare-root wildlings and cuttings revealed that cuttings is more feasible and successful. Another study indicated that for better growth and survival of seedlings in the nursery, application of biocore at 20g/rooted cutting is recommended. Based from the results of the study on the Response Philippine Teak seedlings applied with 20g of biocore/rooted cuttings improved seedling height, diameter, % organic matter and % nitrogen compared to the control and other treatments. Moreover, ERDB has on-going study on the macropropagation of Philippine Teak, thus, results protocol on the species propagation will soon be available. Plantation To date the compiler found no literatures Establishment on plantation establishment. 8 RISE 29.1 Pests and No record of pest and diseases was found. Diseases References De Guzman ED, Umali RM & Sotalbo ED. 1986. Guide to the Philippine Flora and Fauna. Natural Resources Management Center, Ministry of Natural Resources and University of the Philippines, Diliman, Quezon City. 3:360. DENR-Department Administrative Order (DAO) 2007-01. Environmental challenges of the RP/Teak [accessed 23 February 2017] http://ecop. pbworks.com/w/page/18520877/Teak Ex-situ Genebank for Philippine Teak (Tectona philippinensis). [accessed 06 December 2016] http://www.arcgis.com Featured Flora: Philippine Teak [accessed 16 November 2016] http:// chm.ph/index.php?option=com content&view=article&id=457&catid=46 Forest Products Research and Development Institute - Philippine Teak ideal for mass propagation [accessed 20 January 2017] http://www.fprdi.dost.gov.ph/index. php/91-philippine-tek-ideal-for-mass- propagation Our Philippine Trees: The flight of our own Philippine Teak [accessed 06 December 2016] http://pinoytrees.blogspot.com Population and reproductive phenology of the Philippine Teak (Tectona philippinensis Benth. & Hook. F.) in Lobo Coast of Verde Island Passage, Batangas, Philippines. [accessed 06 December 2016] http://www. pas-uplbca.edu.ph/article.php?id=501 9 RISE 29.1 Tree Facts Tectona philippinensis Benth. & Hook. F. accessed [06 December 2016] http://binhi.ph/database/future/tree_facts Tectona philippinensis (Philippine Teak) - IUCN Red List [accessed 20 January 2017] http:// www.iucnredlist.org/details/32123/0 Tarranco-Castañeto, Y. and Follosco- Edmiston M.P. 2003. Response of Tectona philippinensis Benth. & Hook (Philippine Teak) Cuttings to Applied Mykovam and Biocore. Philippine Journal of Science 132(2):89-94 (ISSN 0031-7683) Wood Anatomy of Naturally Grown Philippine Teak (Tectona philippinensis Benth. & Hook. f.) [accessed 23 February 2017] www. teaknet.org/system/files 10 RISE 29.1 .
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