Environmental Impact Assessment

ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT

FOR Environmental Impact Assessment for the Proposed Expansion of Synthetic/Natural Organic Aromatic Plant at Chikadasampalayam Village, Mettupalayam Taluk, Coimbatore District, Tamil Nadu

FINAL EIA REPORT

TOR Reference No. : No.J-1101/142/2008-IA-II(I) Dated: 11.06.2019 Existing Environment Clearance F.No.J-11011/142/2008-IA-II (I) dated 16.09.2009 Baseline period : May 2019 to July 2019

Environmental Consultant: Project Proponent :

(Approved Consultant) Vimta Labs Limited 142, IDA, Phase-II, Cherlapally, M/s. Encee Aromatics (P) Limited Hyderabad–500 051, Telangana State Coimbatore www.vimta.com, [email protected] Tamil Nadu MoEF&CC, New Delhi Recognized Laboratory NABET Accredited Category A Consultant NABET Accredited No.: QCI/NABET/ENV/ACO/19/0957 date 16.04.2019 JUNE 2021

PREFACE

ENCEE AROMATICS (P) LTD Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu

ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT

FOR

THE PROPOSED EXPANION OF AROMATIC PLANT TO MANUFACTURE SYNTHETIC/ NATURAL ORGANIC AROMA CHEMICALS

AT CHICKADASAMPALAYAM VILLAGE, METTUPALAYAM TALUK, COIMBATORE DISTRICT, TAMIL NADU, INDIA

For and on behalf of VIMTA LABS LIMITED

Approved by : Bh. Durga Bhavani

Signed :

Designation : EIA Co-Ordinator

Date : 2021/06/15

This EIA report has been prepared in-line with TOR conditions stated by MoEF&CC vide letter no. J-1101/142/2008-IA-II (I) dated 11.06.2019.

This report has been prepared by ‘Vimta Labs Limited’ with all reasonable skill, care and diligence within the terms of the contract with the client, incorporating our General Terms and Conditions of Business and taking account of the resources devoted to it by agreement with the client. DECLARATION

Declaration by Experts Contributing to Environmental Impact Assessment for the Proposed Expansion of Synthetic/Natural Organic Aromatic Plant at Chikadasampalayam Village, Mettupalayam Taluk, Coimbatore District, Tamil Nadu

I, hereby, certify that I was a part of the EIA team in the following capacity that developed the above EIA.

EIA Coordinator:

Name: Bh. Durga Bhavani

Signature:

Period of Involvement: May 2019 to Till date

Contact Information: 0422-2441577

Functional Area Experts:

Sr. Functional Name of the Involvement Signature No. Areas Expert/s Period Task Selected AAQ stations based on IMD data. May 2019 to Identified the sources of 1 AP M. Janardhan Till date pollution and suggested mitigation measures and management plan. Identified the wastewater May 2019 to streams and effective 2 WP Bh. Durga Bhavani Till date treatment measures are suggested. Effective solid waste May 2019 to management for the 3 SHW M. Janardhan Till date entire project is suggested May 2019 to Social changes arising 4 SE Ch. Venkatesham Till date due to the project has been assessed. May 2019 to Conducted primary 5 EB Bayyapu Reddy Till date survey in the study area

Reviewed secondary May 2019 to data Present land use 6 LULC Y. RamaMohan Till date pattern as per satellite imagery has been studied and presented. Suggested suitable May 2019 to mitigation measures for 7 NV M. Janardhan Till date construction and operation phases Quantified the emissions May 2019 to using AERMOD. 8 AQ Bh. Durga Bhavani Till date Suggested Management Plan.

Page 1 of 3 Sr. Functional Name of the Involvement Signature No. Areas Expert/s Period Task Detailed risk assessment studies were conducted May 2019 to to identify the impact Rajgopal Krishnan 9 RH Till date zone and suitable management measures suggested.

Involved in baseline soil sampling. Identified the May 2019 to impacts and suggested 10 SC B. S. Lole Till date suitable mitigation measures.

May 2019 to Involved in Preparation of 11 HG J. Rajendra Prasad Till date Hydro-geology report

Other Team involved in EIA Report preparation:

Sr. Functional Name of the Involvement Signature No Areas Expert/s Period Task

May 2019 to Involved in noise 1 NV Bh. Durga Bhavani Till date modeling

Under assistance of FAE in source May 2019 to identification in and 2. AP Dr S. Muneeswaran Till date around 10 km radius & Assisted in EIA report preparation

Assisted in 3. HG K.Rajeshwar May 2019 to preparation of Till date Hydrogeology report

Assisted in EIA report Team May 2019 to preparation & 4. M.Shaik Qadir Member Till date Baseline data generation

Page 2 of 3

DECLARATION BY THE HEAD OF THE

ACCREDITED CONSULTANT ORGANIZATION/AUTHORIZED PERSON

I, M. Janardhan, hereby, confirm that the above-mentioned experts prepared the Environmental Impact Assessment for the Proposed Expansion of Synthetic/ Natural Organic Aromatic Plant at Chikadasampalayam Village, Mettupalayam Taluk, Coimbatore District, Tamil Nadu

I also confirm that the consultant organization shall be fully accountable for any misleading information mentioned in this statement.

Signature:

Name : M. Janardhan

Designation : Head & Vice President

Name of the EIA Consultant Organization: Vimta Labs Limited, Hyderabad

NABET Certificate No. & Issue Date: NABET/EIA/1720/SA 088 dated April 16,2019

Page 3 of 3

TABLE OF CONTENTS

Environmental Impact Assessment for the proposed expansion of Synthetic/Natural Organic Aromatic Plant at Chikadasampalayam Village, Mettupalayam Taluk, Coimbatore District, Tamil Nadu

Table of Contents

TABLE OF CONTENTS

Chapter # Title Page #

Table of Contents TC-1 List of Annexure TC-4 List of Figures TC-5 List of Tables TC-6

1.0 Introduction C1-1 1.0 Introduction C1-1 1.1 Purpose of the Project C1-1 1.2 Identification of Project and Project Proponent C1-2 1.3 Justification and Benefits of the project C1-3 1.4 Brief Description of the Project C1-4 1.5 Status of Approvals C1-16 1.6 Scope of the Study C1-16 1.7 Organization of the Report C1-18

2.0 Project Description C2-1 2.1 Project Details C2-1 2.2 Need for the Project C2-1 2.3 Project Location and Layout C2-2 2.4 Size or Magnitude of Operation C2-2 2.5 Project Schedule for Approval and Implementation C2-13 2.6 Technology and Manufacturing Process C2-13 2.7 Source of Pollution C2-41 2.8 Greenbelt Maintenance in the Existing Plant C2-49

3.0 Description of the Environment C3-1 3.1 Introduction C3-1 3.2 Geology, Hydrogeology and Drainage C3-2 3.3 Land Use Studies C3-10 3.4 Soil Characteristics C3-18 3.5 Meteorology C3-23 3.6 Ambient Air Quality C3-31 3.7 Water Quality C3-39 3.8 Noise Level Survey C3-46 3.9 Ecological Survey C3-50 3.10 Demography and Socio-Economic C3-69

4.0 Anticipated Environmental Impacts and Mitigation C4-1 Measures

4.1 Introduction C4-1 4.2 Impacts during Construction Phase C4-1 4.3 Impacts during Operational Phase C4-3 4.4 Summary of Anticipated Environmental Impacts C4-22 and Mitigation Measures

Vimta Labs Limited, Hyderabad/Coimbatore TC-1

Environmental Impact Assessment for the proposed expansion of Synthetic/Natural Organic Aromatic Plant at Chikadasampalayam Village, Mettupalayam Taluk, Coimbatore District, Tamil Nadu

Table of Contents

TABLE OF CONTENTS (Contd.,)

Chapter # Title Page #

5.0 Analysis of Alternatives C5-1

5.1 Analysis of Alternative Sites for Proposed Expansion C5-1 5.2 Analysis of Alternative Technology for Treatment of Wastewater C5-1

6.0 Environmental Monitoring Program C6-1

6.1 General C6-1 6.2 Implementation Schedule of EMP C6-1 6.3 Environmental Monitoring and Reporting C6-2 Procedure 6.4 Monitoring Schedule C6-3 6.5 Monitoring Methods and Data Analysis of C6-7 Environmental Monitoring 6.6 Reporting Schedules of the Monitoring Data C6-8 6.7 Cost Provision for Environmental Measures C6-8 6.8 Greenbelt Development C6-9

7.0 Additional Studies C7-1

7.1 Risk Assessment and Disaster Management C7-1 7.2 Hazard Assessment and Evaluation C7-3 7.3 Disaster Management Plan C7-8 7.4 Occupational Health and safety C7-20 7.5 Social Impact Assessment C7-50 7.6 Rehabilitation & Resettlement Action Plans C7-51 7.7 Traffic Management systems C7-51

8.0 Project Benefits C8-1

8.1 Improvement in the Physical Infrastructure C8-1 8.2 Improvement in the Social Infrastructure C8-1 8.3 Employment Potential C8-2 8.4 Corporate Social Responsibility Policy C8-2 8.5 Corporate Environment Responsibility C8-6

9.0 Environmental Cost Benefit Analysis C9-1

10.0 Environnent Management Plan C10-1 10.1 Objective C10-1 10.2 Environment Management Plan during Construction C10-1 10.3 Environment Management Plan during Operation Phase C10-4 10.4 Energy Conservation Measures C10-20 10.5 Greenbelt Development Plan C10-21 10.6 Institutional Arrangements for Environment Protection C10-23

Vimta Labs Limited, Hyderabad/Coimbatore TC-2

Environmental Impact Assessment for the proposed expansion of Synthetic/Natural Organic Aromatic Plant at Chikadasampalayam Village, Mettupalayam Taluk, Coimbatore District, Tamil Nadu

Table of Contents

TABLE OF CONTENTS (Contd.,)

Chapter # Title Page #

10.7 Cost Provision for Environmental Measures C10-27 10.8 Action Plan for Environmental Measures C10-27

11.0 Summary & Conclusion C11-1 11.1 Summary & Conclusion C11-1 11.2 Location of the Project C11-1 11.3 Project Details C11-4 11.4 Baseline Environmental Status C11-7 11.5 Anticipated Environmental Impacts and Mitigation Measures C11-9 11.6 Environmental Management Plan C11-11 11.7 Traffic Study C11-14 11.8 Environmental Monitoring Program C11-15 11.9 Disaster Management Plan C11-16 11.10 Corporate Environmental Responsibility C11-16 11.11 Project Benefits C11-17 11.12 Conclusion C11-17

12.0 Disclosure of Consultant C12-1

Vimta Labs Limited, Hyderabad/Coimbatore TC-3

Environmental Impact Assessment for the proposed expansion of Synthetic/Natural Organic Aromatic Plant at Chikadasampalayam Village, Mettupalayam Taluk, Coimbatore District, Tamil Nadu

Table of Contents

LIST OF ANNEXURES

Annexure # Title

Annexure-I Terms of Reference- MoEF&CC Annexure-I(A) Compliance to Terms of Reference Annexure-II Existing Environment Clearance Annexure-III Certified compliance report-Regional MoEF&CC Annexure-III (A) Latest Compliance report Submitted to Regional MoEF&CC Annexure-IV CTO- TNPCB Annexure-IV(A) Latest Consent Renewal-TNPCB Annexure-V Land deed of the site Annexure-VI Water permit letter-PWD Annexure-VII Summary of AAQ data Annexure-VIII Flood levels in Bhavani river Annexure-IX Acknowledgement for submission of Wild life clearance Annexure-X Report of Analysis Annexure-XI Hazardous Waste Authorization Annexure-XII Mass balance Annexure-XIII Hydrogeology report of the Study area Annexure-XIV Proposal of Soil Bio-Technology Annexure-XV Occupational Health and Safety of the Employees Annexure-XVI List of machineries Annexure-XVII Fire NOC Annexure-XVIII Flood NOC Annexure-XIX Details of CSR activities Carried out Annexure-XX Demography of the Study area as per Census 2011 Annexure-XXI Land use of the Study area as per Census 2011 Annexure-XXII Photographs of Baseline monitoring Annexure-XXIII Odour Management Plan Annexure-XXIV VOC Analysis Report Annexure XXV Material Safety Data Sheets of various Chemicals Annexure- XVI Agreement for sale of solvents Annexure-XXVII Details of Process Emission Annexure-XXVIII Executive Summary Annexure-XXIX Public Hearing Minutes

Vimta Labs Limited, Hyderabad/Coimbatore TC-4

Environmental Impact Assessment for the proposed expansion of Synthetic/Natural Organic Aromatic Plant at Chikadasampalayam Village, Mettupalayam Taluk, Coimbatore District, Tamil Nadu

Table of Contents

LIST OF FIGURES

Figure # Title Page #

1.1 Index Map of the plant site C1-5 1.2 10 km radius topo map using survey of India toposheets C1-6 1.3 10 KM Radius topo map using Google Earth C1-7 1.4 5 KM Radius topo map using Google Earth C1-8 1.5 Plant Layout C1-9 1.6 Adjacent properties of the plant Site C1-10 1.7 Aerial View of the plant site C1-11 1.8 Distance between NBR and Plant site C1-12

2.1 Fragrance and Flavor market in India C2-2 2.2 Plant Layout Showing Areas Involved in Expansion Activity C2-4 2.3(a) Water Balance - After Expansion (Dry Season) C2-11 2.3(b) Water Balance - After Expansion (Monsoon Season) C2-12 2.4 Simple Distillation C2-14 2.5 Fractional Distillation C2-14 2.6 Steam Distillation process C2-15 2.7 Manufacturing Process - Shellac powder C2-17 2.8 Manufacturing Process - Ambrettolide C2-17 2.9 Manufacturing Process - Sec Butyl Benzene to Aniline C2-18 2.10 Manufacturing Process - Sec Butyl Aniline to Iso Butyl Quinoline C2-19 2.11 Manufacturing Process - Diacetone Alcohol to Mesityl Oxide C2-20 2.12 Manufacturing Process - Mesityl Oxide to Enamber C2-20 2.13 Manufacturing Process - Concretes C2-21 2.14 Manufacturing Process - Absolute C2-21 2.15 Manufacturing Process - Vetiverol C2-22 2.16 Manufacturing Process - Vetiveryl Acetate C2-23 2.17 Manufacturing Process - Enafran C2-24 2.18 Manufacturing Process - Ethyl safranate C2-26 2.19 Manufacturing Process - Essential Oils C2-26 2.20 Manufacturing Process - Nootkatone C2-27 2.21 Manufacturing Process - Watermelon Ketone C2-28 2.22 Manufacturing Process - Trans-Trans-2-4-Decadienal C2-29 2.23 Manufacturing Process - Trans -2-Dodecenal C2-29 2.24 Manufacturing Process - Jasmonyl C2-30 2.25 Existing Plant Photographs C2-31 2.26 Process of SBT C2-46 2.27 Effluent Treatment Plant Scheme C2-47 2.28 Photograph of Existing Greenbelt C2-50

3.1 Geology in the study Area of 10Km Radius C3-3 3.2 Soil Present in Study Area of 10Km Radius C3-4 3.3 Hydrogeology of Coimbatore District C3-7 3.4 Hydrogeology of the study area in 10 km radius C3-8 3.5 Drainage in study area in 10 km radius C3-9

Vimta Labs Limited, Hyderabad/Coimbatore TC-5

Environmental Impact Assessment for the proposed expansion of Synthetic/Natural Organic Aromatic Plant at Chikadasampalayam Village, Mettupalayam Taluk, Coimbatore District, Tamil Nadu

Table of Contents

LIST OF FIGURES

Figure # Title Page #

3.6 Landuse classification C3-11 3.7 Raw satellite imagery in 10 Km radius C3-15 3.8 Landuse study area in 10 km radius C3-16 3.9 Different landuse classes around 5 km & 10 km from the plant site C3-17 3.10 Soil sampling locations in study area of 10 km radius C3-19 3.11 Site specific wind rose for 1st May 2019 to 31st July 2019 C3-24 3.12(A) Wind Rose Diagram of Pre-Monsoon – IMD, Coimbatore C3-26 3.12(B) Wind Rose Diagram of Monsoon Season-IMD, Coimbatore C3-27 3.12(C) Wind Rose Diagram of Post Monsoon Season-IMD, Coimbatore C3-28 3.12(D) Annual Wind Rose Diagram - IMD, Coimbatore C3-29 3.13 Annual Wind Rose Diagram - IMD, Coimbatore C3-30 3.14 Air Quality Sampling Locations in study area C3-33 3.15 Summary of Ambient Air Quality Results C3-38 3.16 Ground Water Sampling Locations in study area C3-42 3.17 Surface water sampling locations in study area C3-43 3.18 Noise Sampling Locations C3-49 3.19 Existing Greenbelt in Plant Premises C3-52 3.20 Population distribution of the study area C3-71 3.21 Social structure distribution of the study area C3-72 3.22 Literacy rate of study area C3-73 3.23 Occupational structure in study area C3-74

4.1 Short Term 24 Hourly Incremental GLCs for PM C4-11 4.2 Short Term 24 Hourly Incremental GLCs for SO2 C4-12 4.3 Short Term 24 Hourly Incremental GLCs for NO2 C4-13 4.4 Predicted Noise Contour – After Expansion C4-18

5.1 Process of SBT C5-2

7.1 Traffic monitoring locations C7-53 7.2 Public Hearing Advertisement C7-57 7.3 (a)& (b) Public Hearing Photographs C7-69

8.1(a)& (b) Photographs of Existing CSR Activities C8-4

10.1 EMP for Air and Fugitive Emissions C10-5 10.2 Process of SBT C10-8 10.3 Effluent Treatment Scheme C10-9 10.4 Graph Showing the Rainfall of Ten Years (2009-2019) C10-12 10.5 Rainfall Data of Major Cities-I MD & Runoff Efficient of Various Surfaces C10-13 10.6 Environmental Policy of EAPL C10-24 10.7 Organizational Structure of Environment Cell C10-26

11.1 Study Area Map C11-3

Vimta Labs Limited, Hyderabad/Coimbatore TC-6

Environmental Impact Assessment for the proposed expansion of Synthetic/Natural Organic Aromatic Plant at Chikadasampalayam Village, Mettupalayam Taluk, Coimbatore District, Tamil Nadu

Table of Contents

LIST OF TABLES

Table # Title Page #

1.1 Details of Manufacturing of Aromatic Products C1-01 1.2 Environmental Setting of the Plant Site (10 km Radius) C1-13 1.3 Top 15 Export Destinations of Essential Oil C1-14 1.4 Environmental Attributes and Frequency of Monitoring C1-17

2.1 Salient Features of Project C2-3 2.2 Details of Manufacturing capacity C2-3 2.3 Details of Land use Break-up C2-5 2.4 Details of Raw material Requirement for Aromatic Plant C2-6 2.5 Fuel Requirement C2-10 2.6 Daily Fresh Water Requirement - Existing and after Expansion C2-10 2.7(a) Stack Details - After Expansion C2-42 2.7(b) Stack Details - After Expansion -contd., C2-43 2.8 Details of Wastewater Generation and Management C2-44 2.9 Characteristics of Untreated & Treated Water from the ETP &SBT C2-45 2.10 Details of ETP Components C2-46 2.11 Details of Solid Waste Generation C2-48 2.12 Noise Level at the Existing Plant C2-48 2.13 Details of Trees in the Existing Plant C2-49

3.1 Soil Present in Study Area of 10km Radius C3-5 3.2 Land Use Pattern Based on Census Data C3-11 3.3 Land use/Land Cover Classification System C3-13 3.4 Different Land Use Classes around 10km radius from the Plant Site C3-17 3.5 Details of Soil Sampling Locations C3-18 3.6 Soil Analysis Results in the Study Area C3-21 3.7 Standard Soil Classification C3-22 3.8 Summary of the Meteorological Data Generated at Site C3-23 3.9 Summary of Wind Pattern in Study Area C3-23 3.10 Climatological Data Station: IMD, Coimbatore C3-25 3.11 Summary of Wind Pattern-IMD, Coimbatore C3-31 3.12 Details of Ambient Air Quality Monitoring Locations C3-32 3.13 Monitored Parameters and Frequency of Sampling C3-34 3.14 Instruments Used For Analysis of Samples C3-35 3.15 Techniques Used For Ambient Air Quality Monitoring C3-35 3.16 Summary of Ambient Air Quality Results C3-37 3.17 Details of Water Sampling Locations C3-40 3.18 Ground Water Quality C3-44 3.19 Surface Water Quality C3-45 3.20 Details of Noise Monitoring Locations C3-46 3.21 Noise Levels in the Study Area C3-48 3.22 Ambient Air Quality Standards in respect of Noise C3-48

Vimta Labs Limited, Hyderabad/Coimbatore TC-7

Environmental Impact Assessment for the proposed expansion of Synthetic/Natural Organic Aromatic Plant at Chikadasampalayam Village, Mettupalayam Taluk, Coimbatore District, Tamil Nadu

Table of Contents

LIST OF TABLES

Table # Title Page #

3.23 Reserved Forest / Water body Present in the Buffer Zone C3-50 3.24 List of Trees Grown In the Existing Greenbelt C3-51 3.25 Vegetational Types of Nilgiri Biosphere Reserve C3-54 3.26 List of Plantation Crops Grown In the Buffer Zone C3-54 3.27 List of Plants Found In the Buffer Zone C3-55 3.28 List of Terrestrial Vertebrates Other Than Birds Reported / Recorded/ Spotted From the Study Area C3-60 3.29 List of Terrestrial Birds either Reported / Recorded/ Observed in the Study Area C3-62 3.30 List of Aquatic and Semi Aquatic Macrophytes Found in the Bhavani River and Belladhi Lake C3-65 3.31 List of Aquatic Birds either Reported / Recorded/ Spotted From the Study Area C3-66 3.32 List of Fresh Water Fishes Reported From the Study Area C3-67 3.33 List of Rare or Endangered or Threatened Species C3-69 3.34 Distribution of Population C3-70 3.35 Distribution of Population by Social Structure C3-72 3.36 Distribution of Literate and Literacy Rates C3-73 3.37 Occupational Structure C3-74

4.1 Hourly Mean Meteorological Data C4-6 4.2(a) Details of Excepted Stack Emissions C4-8 4.2(b) Details of Excepted Stack Emissions C4-9 4.3 Short Term Maximum Incremental Concentrations C4-10 4.4 Resultant Concentrations after Proposed Expansion C4-10 4.5 Daily Fresh Water Requirement C4-15 4.6 Details of Wastewater Generation C4-15 4.7 Details of Solid waste generation C4-16 4.8 Anticipated Noise Levels at Plant Boundary C4-16 4.9 Statement of Impacts on Flora, Fauna and Biodiversity C4-19 4.10 Summary of Anticipated Environmental Impacts and Mitigation C4-22

5.1 Comparison of Features C5-3 5.2 Wastewater Characteristics of SBT C5-4

6.1 EMP Implementation Schedule C6-1 6.2 Environmental Monitoring Schedule during C6-3 Construction phase (As per EP Act) 6.3 Environmental Monitoring during Operational phase C6-5 6.4 Cost Provision for Environmental Measures C6-8 6.5 Details of Greenbelt Area Split-up C6-10 6.6 List of Species Showing High Air Pollution Tolerance Index (APTI) C6-11 7.1 Applicability of GOI Rules to Fuel C7-2

Vimta Labs Limited, Hyderabad/Coimbatore TC-8

Environmental Impact Assessment for the proposed expansion of Synthetic/Natural Organic Aromatic Plant at Chikadasampalayam Village, Mettupalayam Taluk, Coimbatore District, Tamil Nadu

Table of Contents

LIST OF TABLES

Table # Title Page #

7.2 Properties of storage fuels C7-2 7.3 Preliminary Hazard Analysis for Process Areas C7-3 7.4 Preliminary Hazard Analysis in General C7-5 7.5 Damage Due to Incident Radiation Intensities C7-6 7.6 Radiation Exposure and Lethality C7-7 7.7 Hazard Events Contributing to On-Site Facility Risk C7-7 7.8 Occupational Health and Safety Precautions to be taken C7-21 7.9 Occupational Health Hazard and Mitigation Measures C7-25 7.10 Details of Fund Allocation for Health and Safety C7-47 7.11 Details of plant location C7-52 7.12 Details of traffic monitoring location C7-52 7.13 IRC guidelines C7-53 7.14 IRC-LOS guidelines C7-54 7.15 Traffic densities C7-54 7.16 Existing traffic scenario C7-55 7.17 Traffic scenario - after expansion C7-55 7.18 Reply and action plan for PH issues C7-58

8.1 Expenditure of CSR Activities C8-3 8.2 Corporate Environment Responsibility Action Plan C8-6

10.1 Details of Sewage/Effluent Generation & Management C10-6 10.2 Characteristics of Untreated and Treated Water from the ETP/SBT C10-7 10.3 Area Statement of Proposed Project Site C10-10 10.4 Existing Rain Water Harvesting Pits C10-11 10.5 Rainfall Data of Coimbatore District- IMD C10-12 10.6 Rain Water Harvesting C10-14 10.7 Design of Collection Tanks C10-15 10.8 Solvent Recovery Plan C10-17 10.9 Details of Greenbelt Area Split-Up C10-22 10.10 List of Species Showing High Air Pollution Tolerance Index (APTI) C10-22 10.11 Cost Provision for Environmental Measures C10-27 10.12 Action Plan for Environmental Measures C10-27

11.1 Environmental Setting of the Plant Site (10 Km Radius) C11-2 11.2 Details of Manufacturing Capacity C11-4 11.3 Details of Land use Break-Up C11-5 11.4 Details of Water Requirement C11-6 11.5 Summary of ambient Air Quality in the Study Area C11-7 11.6 Resultant concentrations due to Incremental GLCS C11-9 11.7 Details of Solid Waste Generation and Management C11-10 11.8 Traffic Scenario C11-14 11.9 Cost Provision for Environmental Measures C11-15 11.10 Corporate Environmental Responsibility Action Plan C11-17

Vimta Labs Limited, Hyderabad/Coimbatore TC-9

CHAPTER-1

INTRODUCTION

Environmental Impact Assessment for the proposed expansion of Synthetic/Natural Organic Aromatic Plant at Chickadasampalayam Village, Mettupalayam Taluk, Coimbatore District, Tamil Nadu Chapter - 1 Introduction

1.0 INTRODUCTION

M/s. Encee Aromatics (P) Limited (hereinafter referred to as EAPL) has proposed expansion of synthetic / natural organic aromatic plant at Vellipalayam Road, Chikadasampalayam Village, Mettupalayam taluk, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu. The proposed expansion envisages deletion of some of the existing products and addition of new products, which will be manufactured within the existing facilities. The environmental clearance for the existing plant has been obtained from MoEF&CC vide F.No.J- 11011/142/2008-IA-II (I) dated 16.09.2009.

The chapter describes the purpose of the report, identification of project and proponent, brief description of nature, size, location of the project, and importance to the region and country. The chapter also describes the scope of the study, details of the regulatory scoping carried out as per the Terms of Reference (ToR) issued by the Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change (MOEF&CC).

1.1 Purpose of the Report

As per the EIA Notification and its amendments, the expansion project has been proposed outside the notified industrial area and hence the project falls in “Category-A” and categorized in schedule No: 5(f)-Synthetic organic chemicals industry (dyes & dye intermediates; bulk drugs and intermediates excluding drug formulations; synthetic rubbers; basic organic chemicals) therefore conductance of public hearing is mandatory.

The TOR application for prior environmental clearance for the proposed expansion of plant was submitted to MoEF&CC and received standard ToR vide letter no. J-1101/142/2008-IA-II (I) dated: 11.06.2019. The EIA report has been prepared in line with the TOR conditions specified by MoEF&CC, New Delhi. The copy of ToR is attached as Annexure-I and compliance to ToR is attached as Annexure-II.

Presently, EAPL has proposed to expand the total capacity of existing aromatic unit from 13 products to 15 aroma products. The expansion envisages deletion of some of the existing products and addition of new products based on the market demand. All the products will be manufactured on a batch basis per day. The details of the existing and proposed products are given below in Table 1.1

TABLE 1.1 DETAILS OF MANUFACTURING OF AROMATIC PRODUCTS

VIMTA Labs Limited, Hyderabad/Coimbatore C1-1 Environmental Impact Assessment for the proposed expansion of Synthetic/Natural Organic Aromatic Plant at Chickadasampalayam Village, Mettupalayam Taluk, Coimbatore District, Tamil Nadu Chapter - 1 Introduction

Production Capacity TPM Sr.No. Product Existing After Expansion 9 Enascone 0.150 --- 10 Spice Extraction Concrete 0.100 --- 11 Spice Extraction Absolute 0.050 --- 12 Spice Oil (Black Pepper & Ginger) 0.200 --- 13 Enafran 0.125 0.125 14 Ethyl Safranate --- 0.400 15 Essential Oil --- 0.016 16 Nootkatone --- 0.066 17 Trans-Trans-2-4- Decadienal --- 0.1666 18 Trans- 2-Dodecenal --- 0.1666 19 Water Melon Ketone --- 2.500 20 Concretes --- 0.1675 21 Absolutes --- 0.0837 22 Jasmonyl --- 1.000 Note: * In proposed expansion undecavertol and enascone will not be produced. * Floral concretes and absolutes, spice extraction concretes and absolutes and spice oil (Black Pepper & Ginger) will be categorized under a common name as concretes and absolutes in the proposed expansion project.

The expansion activity take place within the existing plant area of 3.78 ha (9.34 acres) and no additional area would be required. The estimated total cost for the proposed expansion is about Rs. 8.0 crores.

The Public hearing for the proposed expansion of the aromatic plant was conducted by Tamil Nadu Pollution Control Board (TNPCB) on 03.02.2021 at 11.00 Am under the chairmanship of District Collector, Coimbatore at National Matric Higher Secondary School, Sirumugai road, Chikadasampalayam Village, Mettupalayam Taluk, Coimbatore District.

Based on the proceedings of the public hearing, the draft EIA has been updated and finalized report is submitted for consideration for Environmental Clearance approval to MOEF&CC, New Delhi.

EAPL has availed the services of M/s. Vimta Labs Limited, Hyderabad/Coimbatore to undertake Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) studies for assessing the impact of the proposed expansion on various environmental parameters in the study area and to prepare an environment management plan for negating the adverse impacts of the

proposed expansion project.

1.2 Identification of Project & Promoter

1.2.1 Identification of the project

The promoter has proposed the expansion of synthetic / natural organic aromatic plant. The expansion involves in increasing the production capacity of existing products such as ambrettolide, iso butyl quninoline, enamber and adding up of new aroma products of ethyl safranate, essential oil, nootkatone, trans-trans-2-4-decadienal, Trans-2-dodecenal,

VIMTA Labs Limited, Hyderabad/Coimbatore C1-2 Environmental Impact Assessment for the proposed expansion of Synthetic/Natural Organic Aromatic Plant at Chickadasampalayam Village, Mettupalayam Taluk, Coimbatore District, Tamil Nadu Chapter - 1 Introduction

watermelon ketone, jasmonyl. The production quantity of vetiverol, vetiveryl acetate and enafran remains unchanged and subsequently undecavertol and enascone will not be produced in the proposed expansion of the plant.

The spice extraction concretes, spice extraction absolutes, spice oil (black pepper & ginger), floral concretes and absolutes will be manufactured under common category called concretes and absolutes respectively.

1.2.2 Identification of Project proponent

Encee Aromatics (P) Limited was established, in 1978 as a reputed manufacturer, supplier for production of floral concretes, absolutes. Later the company has gone into production of fine synthetics/ aromatic chemicals. EAPL facilitates wide range of speciality chemicals and other aromatic products under the strict guideline of international standards.

The company works with the quality, affordable prices and innovation. EAPL uses latest and sophisticated systems for formulating commercial range of chemicals. The company has developed well equipped manufacturing infrastructure as well as a large team of proficient professionals to successfully satisfy the bulk requirement of the MNC’s. All the product line is developed under the supervision of expert chemists who work round the clock to maintain high-quality standards of our products.

The promoters of the company have more than 40 years of experience and profound understanding of the fragrance & flavour industry to provide strategic inputs into key business decisions and developing long term goals. EAPL have earned an immense goodwill in the market for their ethical business practices and client-centric approaches.

1.3 Justification and benefits of the Project

Aroma chemicals (organic/synthetic) manufactured by EAPL are widely used variety in flavour and fragrance industry all over the world including India. At present, there are only few industries in India manufacturing these particular products, which have good market potential.

It is thus, very much justified to expand the existing aroma products manufacturing facility not only to increase the market availability of aroma chemicals but also to reduce import burdens of the country.

The proposed expansion project will enhance the socio-economic status of the surrounding villages of the project site. Further, there will be a significant development in the infrastructural facilities and the public amenities etc.

VIMTA Labs Limited, Hyderabad/Coimbatore C1-3 Environmental Impact Assessment for the proposed expansion of Synthetic/Natural Organic Aromatic Plant at Chickadasampalayam Village, Mettupalayam Taluk, Coimbatore District, Tamil Nadu Chapter - 1 Introduction

1.4 Brief Description of the Project

1.4.1 Nature of the Project

The proposed project is expansion of a natural / synthetic aromatics manufacturing plant, which is located outside the notified industrial estate. So, it is classified as ‘Category-A’ by Ministry of Environment & Forests, New Delhi as per the EIA notification 2006 and its amendments.

1.4.2 Size of the Project

The aromatic plant will be expanded by increasing the manufacturing capacity of existing Products and introducing new aromatic products (7 Products) to meet the market demands. The total land available in the premises is 3.78 ha (9.34 acres) and is adequate for the inclusion of additional facilities of the project. Hence, no land acquisition is required for expansion of project. The total cost of the proposed expansion of aromatic plant is Rs. 8.0 crores, which includes the environmental management cost of Rs.1.60 crores. The project activities will commence after obtaining all statutory clearances.

1.4.3 Location of the Project

The existing plant of EAPL is situated at the survey no. 545,546, Vellipalayam road, Chikadasampalayam village, Mettupalayam taluk, Coimbatore district, Tami Nadu.

1.4.3.1 Advantages of the Location

The proposed expansion activity will take place within the existing plant premises itself. Therefore, no additional land would be acquired for the expansion.

1. The existing plant area is located in Mettupalayam, Coimbatore; 2. The land area of 3.78 ha (9.34 acres) is already under the ownership of the proponent; which is sufficient to carry out the expansion activity; 3. No forest land is involved; 4. Nearest town (Mettupalayam) is more than 3.0 km; 5. The site has near connectivity to raw material suppliers; 6. Accessibility to Mettupalayam railway line and Cochin seaport; 7. National highway (NH-181) & State highway (SH 15) is 3.7 km & 1.2 km from plant site respectively; 8. Availability of water and power at nearby distance 9. Nearest fire station is below 4 km; 10. Manpower availability from nearby areas; 11. No resettlement and rehabilitation issues; and 12. Absence of archaeological areas within 10 km radius.

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FIGURE-1.1 INDEX MAP OF THE PLANT SITE

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FIGURE - 1.2 10 KM RADIUS TOPOMAP - SURVEY OF INDIA TOPOSHEETS

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FIGURE - 1.3 10 KM RADIUS TOPOMAP - GOOGLE EARTH

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FIGURE - 1.4 5 KM RADIUS TOPOMAP - GOOGLE EARTH

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FIGURE - 1.5 PLANT LAYOUT

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FIGURE - 1.6 ADJACENT PROPERTIES OF THE PLANT SITE

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FIGURE - 1.7 AERIAL VIEW OF THE PLANT SITE

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FIGURE - 1.8 DISTANCE BETWEEN NBR AND THE PLANT SITE

VIMTA Labs Limited, Hyderabad/Coimbatore C1-12 Environmental Impact Assessment for the proposed expansion of Synthetic/Natural Organic Aromatic Plant at Chickadasampalayam Village, Mettupalayam Taluk, Coimbatore District, Tamil Nadu

Chapter - 1 Introduction

The details of environmental setting are given in Table - 1.2.

TABLE-1.2 ENVIRONMENTAL SETTING IN 10-KM RADIUS

Sr. No. Particulars Details

Point Latitude Longitude 0 0 A 11 19’17.34”N 76 57’46.28”E 0 0 B 11 19’17.24”N 76 57’47.13”E 0 0 1 Latitude & Longitude C 11 19’18.24”N 76 57’55.24”E 0 0 D 11 19’22.04”N 76 57’54.67”E 0 0 E 11 19’24.74”N 76 57’51.25”E 0 0 F 11 19’20.68”N 76 57’49.69”E

2 Elevation above MSL 295-308 m 3 Land use at the project site Industrial land use 4 Nearest Habitation Palapatti-0.6 km, NNW Nearest Highway State Highway 15 –(1.20 km, S ) 5 National Highway 181 –(3.7 km, WSW) 6 Nearest Railway station Mettupalayam – (4.0 km, SW) 7 Nearest Air Port Coimbatore Airport – (33.1 km, S) 8 Nearest Harbour Cochin, Kerala- (168.7 km, SSW) 9 Nearest Town Mettupalayam-(3.7 km, SW) 1. Odandurai R.F. – (1.4 km, NW) 2. Jakkanare slopes R.F.–(3.3 km, NW) Reserve Forest within 10-km 3. Nellimalai R.F. – (6.2 km, SW) 10 radius 4. Hulical drug R.F.- (9.5 km, WSW) 5. Kallar R.F. –(10.5 km, WNW) 6. Kendaiyur R.F. –( 12.5 km, SW) 11 Nearest water bodies 1. Bhavani River – (Adjacent, N) 2. Belladhi Lake – (7.3 Km, S) 12 Hills/ Valleys 1. Periyakandi Mokkai (4.5 km, N) 2. VellariKombai (7.3 km, NW) 3. KanambiKombail Mokkai (7.8km,NE) 4. Ubbe Kombai (9.8 km, NW) 13 Ecologically sensitive zones like Nilgiri Biosphere reserve (Buffer Zone)-(2.1 km, N) Wild Life Sanctuaries, National Parks and biospheres 14 Defence Installation / None within 10-km radius Archaeological / Ports 15 Nilgiri Mountain railway line (UNESCO Certified)- Historical places (3.5 Km, SW) 16 Socio-economic factors No resettlement and rehabilitation involved 17 Nearest Hospitals 1. Government Hospital - Mettupalayam, (3.4 km, SW) 2. Government Hospital- Sirumugai, (4.2 km, E) 18 Religious places 1. Chennamalai murugan temple- (0.7 km, SW) 2. Sri Veerabadhraswamy temple- (2.6 km, ESE) 3. Madheswara temple-( 4.74, S) 19 Seismic zone Zone-III as per IS-1893 (Part-1):2002 (moderately intensity zone)

VIMTA Labs Limited, Hyderabad/Coimbatore C1-13 Environmental Impact Assessment for the proposed expansion of Synthetic/Natural Organic Aromatic Plant at Chickadasampalayam Village, Mettupalayam Taluk, Coimbatore District, Tamil Nadu

Chapter - 1 Introduction

Sr. No. Particulars Details 20 Nearby Industries 1. Indo Swiss Synthetic Gem Manufacturing. Co. Ltd. (0.15 km, NE) 2. Bisleri International Private Ltd- (0.8 km, NE) 21 Fire and rescue service Tamil Nadu Fire and Rescue service, Mettupalayam – (3.5 km- SSW) *The above mentioned are aerial distances from the plant boundary

1.4.4 Demand for Flavour and Fragrance

It is estimated that 35 % of the global population uses 65 % of fragranced products. Fragrance sector has a vital role in uplifting the chemical industry. The fragrance and flavour market is one of the segments of the Fast Moving Consumer Goods (FMCG) market in India that is in maturity stage and still has high growth potential. The use of natural essential oils is on the rise although present demand for exotic essential oil for use in natural cosmetics, aromatherapy, and pharmaceuticals and combined with natural flavours is about 6500-7000 tons and shall increase considerably in the future.

India shares the 3rd largest producer of natural essential oils next to USA and Brazil. It is estimated that the total global market size of fragrance & flavour and allied industry is of the order of USD 20 billion (Rs.142,570 Crores). Indian share is about 10 % of the globe, which is USD 2000 million (Rs.14257 Crores).

North America led by U.S. essential oil market size may witness significant gains over the foreseeable timeframe. Growing popularity of aromatherapy as a natural healing treatment along with consumer inclination towards bio based personal and homecare products may favour regional industry growth.

Asia Pacific driven by India, Japan, South Korea and China essential oil market size may register strong gains due to increase in health concerns in consumers. Growing demand in traditional ayurvedic treatments mainly in India to treat depression, insomnia, mental healing along with skin treatments may drive regional product demand. The export of essential oil to different countries are given in below Table 1.3

TABLE-1.3 TOP 15 EXPORT DESTINATIONS OF ESSENTIAL OIL 2015-2018

USD. In million %Increase or %Increase or 2015-16 2016-17 2017-18 Country Decrease Over Decrease Over (Actual) (Actual) (Provisional) Previous Year Previous Year U S A 16.44 22.70 38.09 33.05 45.59 France 15.61 16.62 6.46 18.69 12.45 Indonesia 8.50 14.61 71.86 14.33 -1.92 Hong Kong 9.64 7.74 -19.71 9.79 26.49 Germany 5.24 4.49 -14.28 6.47 44.10 U K 4.02 4.24 5.42 4.24 0.00 Nigeria 1.93 2.14 10.76 4.11 92.06 UAE 5.45 3.44 -36.85 3.64 5.81 Spain 2.69 3.09 14.79 3.52 13.92

VIMTA Labs Limited, Hyderabad/Coimbatore C1-14 Environmental Impact Assessment for the proposed expansion of Synthetic/Natural Organic Aromatic Plant at Chickadasampalayam Village, Mettupalayam Taluk, Coimbatore District, Tamil Nadu

Chapter - 1 Introduction

%Increase or %Increase or 2015-16 2016-17 2017-18 Country Decrease Over Decrease Over (Actual) (Actual) (Provisional) Previous Year Previous Year Bangladesh 2.03 2.49 22.81 2.82 13.25 China 2.09 1.71 -18.14 2.81 64.33 Singapore 1.79 1.82 1.65 2.59 42.31 Japan 0.34 0.33 -3.48 2.51 660.61 Netherland 0.45 0.51 12.89 2.50 390.20 Uganda 3.68 2.45 -33.46 2.25 -8.16 Source : DGCI&S

1.4.5 Promoting the demand of flavour and fragrance for country’s development

Indian consumers are increasingly turning to online shopping, the online market share of the perfume category, which is currently 7% of the total perfume market, is set to increase approximately by 11% by next 5 years. Gujarat contributes to approximately 6% of the total perfume market in India. There is an ever-growing requirement of the consumers in India and also the world markets. Thus, there is a gap in demand and supply.

Out of all the fragrances, the floral fragrance is the most popular one due to its varied uses ranging from perfumes, colognes to home cleaning products. Hot and humid climate conditions and increasing population of working class has propelled the fragrance market in India. The fragrance market has significantly grown during the span of last five years FY’2010-FY’2015, at a CAGR of 10.0%.

It is estimated that the total global market size of fragrance & flavour and allied industry is of the order of USD 20 billion (Rs. 142,570 Crores). Indian share is about 10 % of the globe, which is USD 2000 million (Rs.14257 Crores). The overall size of the perfume industry of India is currently estimated at Rs.2000 crores, which is projected to grow by 50% to Rs.3000 crores by next 5 years. The current online perfume market is at Rs.148 crores which is projected to grow by approximately 120% to Rs.325 crores.

Source: DGCI &S

FIGURE – 1.8 FRAGRANCE AND FLAVOR MARKET IN INDIA

VIMTA Labs Limited, Hyderabad/Coimbatore C1-15 Environmental Impact Assessment for the proposed expansion of Synthetic/Natural Organic Aromatic Plant at Chickadasampalayam Village, Mettupalayam Taluk, Coimbatore District, Tamil Nadu

Chapter - 1 Introduction

1.5 Status of Approvals

 Environmental Clearance for the existing plant for manufacturing aromatic chemicals was obtained from MoEF&CC, New Delhi vide Letter No: J-11011/142/2008- IA-II (I) dated 12th September, 2009

 Consent to Establish (CTE) for Air and Water was obtained from TNPCB vide Letter No. T11/TNPCB/F.31059/CBE (N)/RL/A & W/2014 dated 10.04.2014

 Consent to Operate (CTO) for Air and Water was obtained from TNPCB vide Letter No. T12/TNPCB/F.CH16/RL/A&W/2015 dated 10.03.2015

 Hazardous waste authorization from TNPCB Vide No. T4/TNPCB/F43509/CBE(N)/HWM/2015 dated 29.06.2015

 The Consent to Operate (A&W) from SPCB has obtained and renewed up to 31st March, 2022.

 Wildlife Clearance Application submitted to MoEF&CC vide Proposal No. FP/TN/IND/5824/2021 dated 17.03.2021

1.6 Scope of the study

The TOR application for obtaining Environment Clearance for the expansion project was submitted to Ministry of Environment, Forest & Climate Change, New Delhi on 3rd May of 2019.

The Standard Terms of Reference (TOR) was issued by MoEF &CC, New Delhi vide file no. J-1101/142/2008-IA-II (I) dated 11th June of 2019.

EPAL has retained the services of M/s. Vimta Labs Limited, Hyderabad/Coimbatore to carry out the EIA study and preparation of Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA)/ Environmental Management Plan (EMP) report.

The baseline monitoring study has been carried out from 1st May 2019 to 31st July 2019 for various environmental components so as to assess the anticipated impacts of the proposed project on the environment and suggest suitable mitigation measures for likely adverse impacts due to the proposed activities. The scope of the study broadly includes:

 Field sampling of environmental attributes at the various representative locations in the study area to establish the baseline environmental status;  Collate and compile secondary data including Socio–economic data from published literature / government publications;  Estimate pollution loads that would be generated by the proposed expansion activity;  Predict incremental levels of pollutants in the study area due to the proposed expansion;  Evaluate the predicted impacts on the various environmental attributes by using

VIMTA Labs Limited, Hyderabad/Coimbatore C1-16 Environmental Impact Assessment for the proposed expansion of Synthetic/Natural Organic Aromatic Plant at Chickadasampalayam Village, Mettupalayam Taluk, Coimbatore District, Tamil Nadu

Chapter - 1 Introduction

scientifically developed and widely accepted Environmental Impact Assessment Modelling methodologies;  Prepare an Environmental Management Plan (EMP) to mitigate the predicted impacts; and

 Identify critical environmental attributes required to be monitored during the project execution and to suggest post-project monitoring.

Field studies were conducted for a period of three months (1st May 2019 to 31st July 2019) to determine existing conditions of various environmental attributes as shown in Table-1.4.

TABLE - 1.4 ENVIRONMENTAL ATTRIBUTES AND FREQUENCY OF MONITORING

No of Sr. Attributes Sampling Parameters Frequency No Locations 24 hourly sample, Ambient Air 1 8 As per NAAQS 2009 twice a week for 13 Quality weeks Wind speed, Wind One hourly recording direction, Temperature, of wind speed, wind Relative humidity, 2 Meteorology 1 direction, cloud cover, Rainfall (Min and Max), Temperature (13- Cloud cover, weeks) Atm. pressure Water Quality Groundwater (GW) as (Groundwater, 13 per IS:10500-2012 and Once during study 3 Surface water (GW-8+SW-5) Surface water (SW) period drains) source in 10km radius Grain size, pH, Salinity, Electrical Conductivity, Once during study 4 Soil Characteristics 6 Texture, N, K, P, TDS, period Organic Carbon, SAR, Cl, Na, Ca, SO4, Fe, Hg Once during the study 5 Noise Levels 8 L , L , L , L day night dn eq period. Ecology Once during study Identification of 6 (Terrestrial and - period biodiversity species Aquatic) 7 Landuse Based on district census handbook (2011), Satellite imagery and ground trothing 8 Demography Based on secondary data sources like Census of India-2011 9 Geology & Based on Secondary Data and Satellite Imagery Hydrogeology 10 Environment Impact Impacts on various environmental attributes including air, water, Assessment soil, noise, land use. Based on various environmental modelling techniques and descriptive checklists 11 Environment EMP for various parameters including post project monitoring, Management Plan descriptive checklists for EMP and post project monitoring 12 Risk assessment and Identify areas where disaster can occur by fires and explosions and Disaster release of toxic substances. Risk assessment and modelling, review VIMTA Labs Limited, Hyderabad/Coimbatore C1-17 Environmental Impact Assessment for the proposed expansion of Synthetic/Natural Organic Aromatic Plant at Chickadasampalayam Village, Mettupalayam Taluk, Coimbatore District, Tamil Nadu

Chapter - 1 Introduction

Management plan of existing DMP

1.7 Organisation of the Report

The proposed expansion project would naturally have implications on the neighbourhood with reference to socio-economic aspects of society, environmental attributes such as land, water, air, aesthetics, flora and fauna. In assessing the environmental impact, collection, collation and interpretation of baseline data are of prime importance.

Environmental impact analysis and assessment which is required for every industrial project should preferably be carried out at the planning stage itself.

The basic objective of identification of impacts is to aid the proponents of the project to rationalize the procedure for an effective environment management plan, leading to an improvement in environmental quality as a result of the location of the proposed expansion project. This has been attempted by the following procedures.

 Collection, collation and analysis of baseline data for various environmental attributes;

 Identification of impacts;

 Impact assessment through modelling;

 Evaluation of impacts leading to preparation of environment management plan; and

 Outlining post project monitoring methodology.

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CHAPTER-2

PROJECT DESCRIPTION

Environmental Impact Assessment for the proposed expansion of Synthetic/Natural Organic Aromatic Plant at Chikadasampalayam Village, Mettupalayam Taluk, Coimbatore District, Tamil Nadu Chapter - 2 Project Description

2.0 PROJECT DESCRIPTION

This chapter highlights the features of the existing and the proposed expansion activity with plant layout, process details, various utilities and services, infrastructural facilities and the sources of waste generation with suitable measures for safe disposal of the wastes.

2.1 Project Details

The proposed expansion is to increase the manufacturing capacity of synthetic/natural organic aroma chemicals. The proposed expansion will be developed in the existing industrial premise, in an area of 3.78 ha (9.34 acres) which will be equipped with sound environmental technologies in addition to the existing technologies for controlling pollutants. The location and environmental setting of the plant site are already presented in Chapter-1 of this report.

2.2 Need for the Project

It is estimated that 35 % of the global population uses 65 % of fragranced Products. The Indian consumer industry is one of the world’s largest consumers of fragrance and flavour by volume and is likely to lead the manufacturing sector of India. Setting up of small-scale essential oil extraction and processing units can provide ample employment opportunities. Local farmers can be motivated easily for large-scale cultivation of selected aromatic crops according to the prevalent agro-climatic conditions.

Using perfume to heal, make people feel good, and improve relationships between the sexes are the new frontiers being explored by the industry. The sense of smell is considered a right brain activity, which rules emotions, memory, and creativity. Aromatherapy-smelling oils and fragrances to cure physical and emotional problems are being revived to help balance hormonal and body energy. The theory behind aromatherapy states that using essential oils helps bolster the immune system when inhaled or applied topically. Smelling sweet smells also affects one's mood and can be used as a form of psychotherapy.

The last decade, there has been a sizeable growth in fragrances and flavours sector both in small, medium and large-scale units. This has given rise to many small and medium scale units. With multinational fragrance and flavour companies enhancing their presence in India, the long-term prospects of the fragrances and flavours industry seems very bright. The overall enhancement in production capacity is likely to generate a sizeable revenue and foreign exchange generation to the country.

There is tremendous potential in finding new odour molecules from Indian flowers but it requires lot of efforts and strong R&D resources. All these new molecules will have very high export potential and exclusivity for Indian fragrances & flavours. Although it appears a rare possibility to take a lead in production of aroma chemicals (synthetic), India has to develop suitable technologies to utilize its raw materials, especially by- products. Utilization of by-products will give more value addition and an extra edge over competitors. This will further ensure a better price for Indian oil producers.

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Source: DGCI &S

FIGURE – 2.1 FRAGRANCE AND FLAVOUR MARKET IN INDIA

2.3 Project Location and Layout

The proposed site is within the existing premises of operating plant, which is located at latitude: 11°19’17.34” – 11°19’20.68” North and longitude: 76°57’46.28” – 76°57’49.69” East of Chikadasampalayam village, Mettupalayam taluk, Coimbatore district, Tamil Nadu.

The project site is close to SH-15 at 1.2 km in south direction & 3.7 km from the NH-181 in WSW direction. The nearest railway station in Mettupalayam at 4.0 km in SW direction. The airport is located in Coimbatore at a distance of 33.1 km in South direction from the project site. The overall plant layout is shown in Figure - 2.2.

2.4 Magnitude of Operation

Considering, reliability of equipment and matching capacities between the different sections of the plant, type of equipment/installation system and the departmental capacities at the plant, have been required.

A brief description of the existing and proposed utilities and major equipment is given in the following sections. The details of manufacturing capacity are listed in Table - 2.1. The salient features of the proposed project are given below in Table-2.2

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TABLE - 2.1

SALIENT FEATURES OF PROJECT

Sr. Particular Plant Details No Existing After Expansion 1 Project Proposed expansion of Synthetic/ Natural Organic Aromatic Plant by Encee Aromatics (P) Ltd, Mettupalayam 2 Products & Production Given in Table 2.2 Capacity 3 Land Requirement 3.78 ha (9.34 acres) 4 Water Requirement & 48.0 KLD 39.65 KLD Source (one-time EAPL draws water from Bhavani river and supplies to the requirement) plant 5 Power Requirement 500 KVA 500 KVA 6 Manpower 108 108+22 =130 7 Cost of the Project Rs. 10 crores Rs. 8.0 crores

TABLE - 2.2

DETAILS OF MANUFACTURING CAPACITY OF AROMA PRODUCTS

Production Capacity TPM Sr.No. Product Existing After Expansion 1 Ambrettolide 2.000 5.000 2 Iso Butyl Quinoline 1.500 3.000 3 Floral Concretes 0.200 --- 4 Floral Absolutes 0.100 --- 5 Enamber 0.750 3.000 6 Vetiverol 0.200 0.200 7 Vetiveryl Acetate 0.200 0.200 8 Undecavertol 0.400 --- 9 Enascone 0.150 --- 10 Spice Extraction Concrete 0.100 --- 11 Spice Extraction Absolute 0.050 --- 12 Spice Oil (Black Pepper & Ginger) 0.200 --- 13 Enafran 0.125 0.125 14 Ethyl Safranate --- 0.400 15 Essential Oil --- 0.016 16 Nootkatone --- 0.066 17 Trans-Trans-2-4- Decadienal --- 0.166 18 Trans- 2-Dodecenal --- 0.166 19 Water Melon Ketone --- 2.500 20 Concretes --- 0.167 21 Absolutes --- 0.083 22 Jasmonyl --- 1.000 Note: * In proposed expansion undecavertol and enascone will not be produced. * Floral concretes and absolutes, spice extraction concretes and absolutes and spice oil (Black Pepper & Ginger) will be categorized under a common name as concretes and absolutes.

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FIGURE-2.2 PLANT LAYOUT SHOWING AREAS INVOLVED IN EXPANSION ACTIVITY

VIMTA Labs Limited, Hyderabad/Coimbatore C2-4 Environmental Impact Assessment for the proposed expansion of Synthetic/Natural Organic Aromatic Plant at Chikadasampalayam Village, Mettupalayam Taluk, Coimbatore District, Tamil Nadu Chapter - 2 Project Description

2.4.1 Land Requirement

The land record showed that the total land available under the ownership of the EAPL is 3.78 ha (9.34 acres). The plant is located in the Chikadasampalayam village, Mettupalayam taluk, Coimbatore. The land use of the existing plant site is classified as Industrial Land use Zone. The proposed expansion will be carried out within the existing premises itself. The land ownership document is attached as Annexure - VII.

TABLE - 2.3 DETAILS OF LANDUSE BREAK-UP

Area (ha) S. Land use After No. Existing Total Expansion 1 Plant Facilities 0.288 -- 0.288 2 Storage (Fuel) 0.065 -- 0.065 3 Storage (Water) 0.019 -- 0.019 4 Storage (Hazardous Waste) 0.022 0.024 0.046 5 Storage (Hazardous 0.033 0.030 0.063 Chemicals) 6 Storage (Others) 0.022 -- 0.022 7 Greenbelt Area 0.950 0.40 1.350 8 Internal Road 0.186 -- 0.186 9 Open Area 2.195 - 0.454 1.741 Total 3.780 -- 3.780 Source: Encee Aromatics (P) Ltd, Mettupalayam

The land use break up of existing and after expansion in the Table-2.2 indicates that there is an increase in the storage area due to increase in production of proposed expansion. The required additional area for the proposed expansion activity is utilized from the open area of the existing premise. Therefore, no additional land would be required. The existing plant has a greenbelt area of 0.95 ha (25.10%) of the total area and in the expansion activity additional 0.4 ha will be developed to fulfil the norms of CPCB (33% greenbelt)

2.4.2 Raw Material Requirement

The raw materials used in the production of various aromatic products will be sourced from different parts of the world and in the interiors of India. The sourced materials will be transported through different mode of transports to reach the destination and stored suitably in the facility in drums, tankers, containers, cans etc.

The hazardous chemicals and wastes will be stored in an isolated area of 630 Sq.m as per regulations of Hazardous Waste Management Rules 2016. The details of various raw materials, other chemicals, and sources along with their mode of transportation are given in Table 2.4. The material balance for the expansion is attached as Annexure - XII.

VIMTA Labs Limited, Hyderabad/Coimbatore C2- 5 Environmental Impact Assessment for the proposed expansion of Synthetic/Natural Organic Aromatic Plant at Chikadasampalayam Village, Mettupalayam Taluk, Coimbatore District, Tamil Nadu Chapter - 2 Project Description

TABLE - 2.4 DETAILS OF RAW MATERIAL REQUIREMENT FOR AROMATIC PLANT

Sr. Quantity Storage Particulars Source Transport No. (TPM) Facility Ambrettolide: 5.0 TPM Thailand & Shipping & by 1. Aleuritic Acid 9.260 Bags West Bengal trucks Tri methyl ortho China & Shipping & by 2. 7.778 HDPE drums formate Maharashtra trucks 3. Toluene 1.112 HDPE drums Tamil Nadu By trucks By trucks 4. Acetic Anhydride 5.408 HDPE drums Maharashtra

By trucks 5. Caustic Potash 0.215 Bags Tamil Nadu

Mono ethylene 6. 0.835 HDPE drums Tamil Nadu By trucks Glycol Sodium 7. 0.215 M.S. drums Telangana By trucks Methoxide 8. Methanol 0.835 M.S. drums Kerala By trucks Indonesia & Shipping & by 9. Pure Glycerine 12.500 HDPE drums Karnataka trucks 6.250 Bags Thailand & Shipping & by 10. Shellac/s eedlac West Bengal trucks 11. Caustic Soda 2.500 Bags Tamil Nadu By trucks 12. Light Soda Ash 1.563 Bags Karnataka By trucks Sodium Hypo 4.167 M.S. drums Tamil Nadu By trucks 13. Chlorite 14. Powder Salt 8.500 Bags Tamil Nadu By trucks Hydro Chloric 0.729 Plastic Cans Tamil Nadu By trucks 15. Acid (33%) Iso Butyl Quinoline: 3.0 TPM Secondary Butyl 1. 4.640 HDPE drums Gujarat By trucks Benzene 2. Nitric Acid 3.276 Tanker Tamil Nadu By trucks Gl. Lined 3. Sulphuric Acid 7.643 Tamil Nadu By trucks Tanker Palladium 4. 0.003 HDPE can Maharashtra By trucks Charcoal 5. Methanol 2.671 M.S. drums Kerala By trucks 6. Hydrogen Gas 228.31 m³ Cylinders Karnataka By trucks 7. N itrogen Gas 37.50 m³ Cylinders Tamil Nadu By Trucks Andhra 8. Oleum 9.345 Tanker By trucks Pradesh 9. Nitro Benzene 2.091 HDPE drums Maharashtra By trucks Indonesia & Shipping & by 10. Pure Glycerine 3.560 HDPE drums Karnataka trucks 11. Lye (50%) 18.690 Tanker Tamil Nadu By trucks 12. Liquid Paraffin 2.105 HDPE drums Tamil Nadu By trucks 13. Activated Carbon 0.033 Bags Maharashtra By trucks Enamber/Kephalis: 3.0 TPM Di Acetone 10.280 M.S. drums Maharashtra By trucks 1. Alcohol 2. Iodine 0.002 Cans West Bengal By trucks

VIMTA Labs Limited, Hyderabad/Coimbatore C2- 6 Environmental Impact Assessment for the proposed expansion of Synthetic/Natural Organic Aromatic Plant at Chikadasampalayam Village, Mettupalayam Taluk, Coimbatore District, Tamil Nadu Chapter - 2 Project Description

Sr. Quantity Storage Particulars Source Transport No. (TPM) Facility Tri Ethyl 6.900 HDPE drums China & Shipping & by 3. Orthoformate Maharashtra trucks 4. FeCl 3 0.270 Bags Karnataka By trucks Caustic Lye 1.500 Tanker By trucks 5. Tamil Nadu (50%) Concretes: 0.1675 TPM 1. Flower/s pice 67.000 Crates Tamil Nadu By trucks 2. Cru de Hexane 5.092 KL UG M.S tank Tamil Nadu By tanker Crude Rectified 0.197 KL S.S tank By trucks 3. Tamil Nadu spirit 4. Liquid Paraffin 0.061KL M.S. drums Tamil Nadu By trucks Absolutes: 0.08375 TPM Floral Concrete 0.1551 Aluminium In-plant Manual 1. Containers production 2. Rectified Spirit 3.350 KL S.S tank Tamil Nadu By trucks Vetiverol: 0.200 TPM 1. Vetivert Oil 0.308 Can Karnataka By trucks 2. Caustic Potash 0.046 Bags Tamil Nadu By trucks 3. Acetic Acid 0.041 Can Tamil Nadu By trucks 4. Sodium Chloride 0.072 Bags Tamil Nadu By trucks Vetiveryl Acetate: 0.200 TPM 1. Vetivert Oil 0.308 Can Karnataka By trucks 2. Acetic anhydride 0.207 HDPE drums Maharashtra By trucks Orthophosphoric 0.001 Can Karnataka By trucks 3. acid Sodium 0.040 Bags Karnataka By trucks 4. carbonate 5. Sodium chloride 0.072 Bags Tamil Nadu By trucks Enafran: 0.125 TPM 1. Geranyl nitrile 0.335 HDPE drums Gujarat By trucks 2. Toluene 0.170 HDPE drums Tamil Nadu By trucks 3. Phosphoric acid 0.060 Cans Karnataka By trucks Sodium 0.040 Bags Karnataka By trucks 4. bicarbonate 5. Sodium chloride 0.040 Bags Tamil Nadu By trucks Sodium 0.015 M.S. drums Telangana By trucks 6. Methoxide 7. Methanol 0.125 M.S. drums Kerala By trucks Hydro bromic 0.375 Cans Karnataka By trucks 8. acid 9. Hexane 0.963 UG M.S tank Tamil Nadu By tanker 10. Sodium bromate 0.025 HDPE drums Karnataka By trucks NN-Diethyl 0.735 HDPE drums Karnataka By trucks 11. aniline 12. Hydrochloric Acid 0.210 Cans Tamil Nadu By trucks Dil. Sulphuric 0.210 Gl. Lined By trucks 13. Tamil Nadu Acid Tanker Metallic Hydride 0.210 S.S tank Germany Shipping & by 14. trucks Azobi Sisobutyro 0.005 HDPE drums Maharashtra By trucks Nitrile 15.

VIMTA Labs Limited, Hyderabad/Coimbatore C2- 7 Environmental Impact Assessment for the proposed expansion of Synthetic/Natural Organic Aromatic Plant at Chikadasampalayam Village, Mettupalayam Taluk, Coimbatore District, Tamil Nadu Chapter - 2 Project Description

Sr. Quantity Storage Particulars Source Transport No. (TPM) Facility Ethyl Safranate: 0.400 TPM Ethyl Aceto 1.050 HDPE drums Karnataka By trucks 1. Acetate 2. Mesityl Oxide 0.792 M.S. drums Maharashtra By trucks 3. Zinc Chloride 0.198 HDPE drums Karnataka By trucks 4. Cyclo Hexane 0.408 M.S. drums Karnataka By trucks 20% NaOH 0.379 Tanker By tanker 5. Tamil Nadu Solution Potassium Boro 0.279 HDPE drums Karnataka By trucks 6. hydride 7. Ethanol 0.102 S.S tank Tamil Nadu By trucks 8. Toluene 0.472 HDPE drums Tamil Nadu By trucks 9. Acetic Acid, 10% 0.200 HDPE drums Tamil Nadu By trucks Para Toluene 0.019 HDPE drums Karnataka By trucks 10. sulphonic acid Sodium Bi 0.016 Bags Karnataka By trucks 11. carbonate 5% Soln Essential Oil: 0.01666 TPM 1. Vetivert root 2.000 Closed area Kerala By trucks Dried Davana 1.500 Closed area By trucks 2. Tamil Nadu leaves Dried Basil 2.500 Closed area By trucks 3. Tamil Nadu Leaves Dried Patchouli 1.467 Closed area By trucks 4. Tamil Nadu Leaves Nootkatone: 0.06666 TPM 1. T-Butanol 0.100 HDPE Barrels Gujarat By trucks 2. CrO3 0.068 M.S Drums Tamil Nadu By trucks 3. CCl4 0.170 HDPE Barrels Karnataka By trucks 4. Acetic Acid 0.143 HDPE Barrels Tamil Nadu By trucks 5. Acetic Anhydride 0.038 Tanker Maharashtra By trucks 6. Sodium Sulphate 0.068 Bags Karnataka By trucks 7. T-Butyl 0.157 M.S Drums Karnataka By trucks Chromate 8. Valencene 0.139 HDPE Barrels Gujarat By trucks 9. 10% Oxalic Acid 1.225 M.S Drums Karnataka By trucks 10. 10%K2CO3 0.136 M.S Drums Karnataka By trucks 11 Chloroform 0.140 HDPE Barrels Karnataka By trucks 12 Ethanol 0.140 S.S tank Tamil Nadu By trucks Trans-Trans-2-4-Decadienal: 0.16666 TPM 1. Hexanal1 0.333 HDPE Barrels Karnataka By trucks 2. Ethanol2 3.750 M.S Drums Tamil Nadu By trucks 3. PTSA3 0.167 M.S Drums Tamil Nadu By trucks 4. Calcium4 Chloride 0.167 M.S Drums Tamil Nadu By trucks 5. Ethyl5 Vinyl Ether 0.666 HDPE Barrels Karnataka By trucks 6. Ferric Chloride 0.540 Bags Karnataka By trucks 7. Acetic Acid 0.666 HDPE Barrels Tamil Nadu By trucks 8. Sodium Acetate 0.650 M.S Drums Karnataka By trucks Trans- 2-Dodecenal: 0.16666 TPM 1. Decanal 0.333 HDPE Barrels Maharashtra By trucks 2. Ethanol 2.500 M.S Drums Tamil Nadu By trucks 3. PTSA 0.110 M.S Drums Tamil Nadu By trucks VIMTA Labs Limited, Hyderabad/Coimbatore C2- 8 Environmental Impact Assessment for the proposed expansion of Synthetic/Natural Organic Aromatic Plant at Chikadasampalayam Village, Mettupalayam Taluk, Coimbatore District, Tamil Nadu Chapter - 2 Project Description

Sr. Quantity Storage Particulars Source Transport No. (TPM) Facility 4. Calcium Chloride 0.100 HDPE Barrels Karnataka By trucks 5. Ethy l Vinyl Ether 0.225 Bags Karnataka By trucks 6. Ferric Chloride 0.350 Bags Karnataka By trucks 7. Sodium Acetate 0.425 M.S Drums Karnataka By trucks 8. Acetic Acid 0.450 HDPE Barrels Tamil Nadu By trucks Watermelon Ketone:2.5 TPM 1. 21- Butanone 13.150 HDPE Barrels Karnataka By trucks 2. Sodium2 7.000 Bags Tamil Nadu By trucks Carbonate 3. Potassium3 Iodide 0.570 M.S Drums Karnataka By trucks 4. Dichloro4 Acetone 4.250 HDPE Barrels Karnataka By trucks 5. 4 -Methyl 3.947 HDPE Barrels Karnataka By trucks Catechol 6. S odium Chloride 8.750 Bags Tamil Nadu By trucks 7. Acetone 0.875 HDPE Barrels Karnataka By trucks 8. Sodium 4.385 M.S Drums Karnataka By trucks Thiosulphate 9. Isopropyl Ether 0.395 HDPE Barrels Karnataka By trucks Jasmonyl:1.0 TPM 1. 11- Octene 1.316 HDPE Barrels Karnataka By trucks 2. Para2 form 0.869 Bags Tamil Nadu By trucks Aldehyde 3. Acetic3 Acid 3.006 M.S Drums Karnataka By trucks 4. Sulphuric4 acid 0.209 HDPE Barrels Karnataka By trucks 5. Di Chloro 4.426 HDPE Barrels Karnataka By trucks Methane Source: Encee Aromatics (P) Ltd, Mettupalayam

2.4.3 Power and Fuel Requirement

Presently, power consumption in the unit is met with a sanctioned demand of 500 KVA supplied from the state grid of Tamil Nadu Generation & Distribution Corporation Limited (TANGEDCO) and in the proposed expansion the power consumption will be met within the same sanctioned demand.

During the grid failure the emergency power will be met from the diesel generator sets having capacity of 1 No. X 125 KVA and 2 Nos. X 250 KVA. Additional DG set of 1X 60 KVA will be proposed in the expansion. The fuel required for DG operation will be 105 lit/hr of low sulphur high speed diesel (LSHSD). Liquefied Petroleum Gas (LPG), Diesel, fire wood and farm waste will be the fuels used for the operation of various machineries such as thermopacs, boilers, DG-sets etc. The details of power and fuel requirement for existing plant and after the proposed expansion are shown in Table - 2.5.

VIMTA Labs Limited, Hyderabad/Coimbatore C2- 9 Environmental Impact Assessment for the proposed expansion of Synthetic/Natural Organic Aromatic Plant at Chikadasampalayam Village, Mettupalayam Taluk, Coimbatore District, Tamil Nadu Chapter - 2 Project Description

TABLE-2.5 FUEL REQUIREMENT

Requirement (TPD) S. Category After Sources Storage No. Existing Expansion Quantaz 1 LPG 0.2 0.79 Oil India Ltd Cylinders DG-Set: 15.0 KL & 10.0 2 95 LPH 105 LPH Local Suppliers Diesel (litres) KL MS tank Fire Wood & Farm waste and 3 2.0 2.95 Open Yard Farm waste Local suppliers Source: Encee Aromatics (P) Ltd, Mettupalayam

2.4.4 Water Requirement

The one-time water requirement for the proposed project will be 39.65 KLD and the daily fresh water requirement will be 35.44 KLD which will be drawn from the adjacent bhavani river. During monsoon, the water requirement will be met from the proposed rain water harvesting system and hence, no water will be drawn from the river. Also, the watering for greenbelt will not not required during the monsoon period therefore, the fresh water consumption will be reduced to 25.44 KLD. Considering water resource management, the quantum of re-used/ recycled in plant activity will be 20.23 KLD.

The water from the condensate return (8.18 KLD), backwash (4.0 KLD) and treated water from SBT (3.84 KLD) will be used for greenbelt development. The details of water requirement of the existing plant and after expansion are presented in Table 2.6 & water balance is shown in Figure – 2.3 (a) & (b).

TABLE - 2.6 DAILY FRESH WATER REQUIREMENT - EXISTING AND AFTER EXPANSION

Requirements in KLD S. After Expansion Remarks Category No Existing Dry Monsoon Season season 1 Process 3.0 4.31 4.31  The one-time water Cooling tower requirement will be 39.65 2 & Water jet 7.0 - - KLD (35.44+4.21). The Ejector Makeup treated water will be reused 3 DM Plant 22.0 10.18 10.18 for cooling tower and water Back wash & jet ejector makeup. Therfore 4 2.0 4.95 4.95 Vessel Cleaning the daily fresh water Drinking & requirement will be 35.44 5 4.0 6.0 6.0 Domestic KLD only. Green belt -  25.44 KLD will be fresh 6 10.0 10.00 Development water requirement during rainy season which will be Total 48.0 35.44 25.44 met from harvested rain water. Source: Encee Aromatics (P) Ltd, Mettupalayam

VIMTA Labs Limited, Hyderabad/Coimbatore C2- 10 Environmental Impact Assessment for the proposed expansion of Synthetic/Natural Organic Aromatic Plant at Chickadasampalayam Village, Mettupalayam Taluk, Coimbatore District, Tamil Nadu Chapter - 2 Project Description

FIGURE -2.3 (a) WATER BALANCE- AFTER EXPANSION (DRY SEASON) VIMTA Labs Limited, Hyderabad/Coimbatore C2-11

FIGURE -2.3 (b) WATER BALANCE–AFTER EXPANSION (MONSOON SEASON)

VIMTA Labs Limited, Hyderabad/Coimbatore C2-12

2.4.5 Manpower Requirement

The manpower employed in the existing unit is 108 persons which includes Managers, Supervisors, Technical assistants and Skilled/semiskilled workers. Upon expansion, additionally 22 persons will be employed from the nearby villages.

2.5 Project Schedule for Approval and Implementation

The expansion activities will be completed within in a period of one (1) year from the date of receipt of all the approvals from statutory authorities.

2.6 Technology and Manufacturing Process

Different types of manufacturing processes involved in the production of different types of synthetic organic aromatic components are given below in detail

2.6.1 Technology

 Distillation

Distillation refers to the physical separation of a mixture into two or more fractions that have different boiling points. The general objective is to separate substances having different vapour pressures at any given temperature. If a liquid mixture of two volatile materials is heated, the vapour that comes out with a higher concentration of the lower boiling material than the liquid from which it was evolved. Conversely, if a warm vapour is cooled, the higher boiling material tends to condense in a greater proportion than the lower boiling material. The early distillers of alcohol for beverages applied these fundamental ideas. A distillation column consists of a series of plates (or trays). In normal operation, there is a certain amount of liquid on each plate, and some arrangement is made for ascending vapours to pass through the liquid and contact it. The descending liquid flows down from the plate above through a down comer, across the next plate, and then over a weir and into another down comer to the next lower plate. Earlier on, bubble caps were used on the trays for the purpose of vapour and liquid contacting. Recent developments include the use of sieve trays, valve trays, perforated or ballast tray

A. Simple Distillation

Simple distillation may be used when the boiling points of two liquids are significantly different from each other or to separate liquids from solids or non-volatile components. In simple distillation, a mixture is heated to change the most volatile component from a liquid into vapour. The vapour rises and passes into a condenser. Usually, the condenser is cooled (e.g., by running cold water around it) to promote condensation of the vapour, which is collected.

VIMTA Labs Limited, Hyderabad/Coimbatore C2- 13 Environmental Impact Assessment for the proposed expansion of Synthetic/Natural Organic Aromatic Plant at Chikadasampalayam Village, Mettupalayam Taluk, Coimbatore District, Tamil Nadu Chapter - 2 Project Description

FIGURE 2.4 SIMPLE DISTILLATION

B. Fractional Distillation

Fractional distillation is used when the boiling points of the components of a mixture are close to each other, as determined using Raoult's law. A fractionating column is used to separate the components used a series of distillations called rectification. In fractional distillation, a mixture is heated so vapour rises and enters the fractionating column. As the vapour cools, it condenses on the packing material of the column. The heat of rising vapour causes this liquid to vaporize again, moving it along the column and eventually yielding a higher purity sample of the more volatile component of the mixture.

FIGURE 2.5 FRACTIONAL DISTILLATION

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C. Steam Distillation:

Steam distillation is one of the principal method for the manufacture of essential oils and fragrances. Essential oils are mostly mixtures of terpenoid substances. They have relatively high boiling temperatures (frequently above 200°C). Their recovery by ordinary distillation at atmospheric pressure is impractical because they undergo thermal decomposition at such high temperatures. They can be recovered by vacuum distillation but a more economical approach is steam distillation. Essential oils are practically insoluble in water. The total vapour pressure of a mixture of immiscible substances is equal to the sum of the vapour pressures of the pure components. Consequently, such a mixture will boil at a temperature lower than the boiling point of each of the components. A mixture of an essential oil and water will therefore boil at a temperature below 100°C at atmospheric pressure. This is the basic effect on which steam distillation is based.

Saturated steam is bubbled through the material containing essential oils (juices, extracts, spices, herbs, etc.). The essential oils are volatilized into the steam and entrained towards the condenser. When the vapours are condensed, a liquid consisting of two immiscible layers is obtained, from which the essential oil is separated by centrifugation or by decantation.

A variant of steam distillation is hydro distillation whereby a mixture of water and the aromatic material (e.g., a spice, an herb, a flower, etc.) is distilled, the vapour is condensed and the essential oil is recovered from the condensate. Yet another variant is the so-called “solvent-free extraction, which is not an extraction process at all but rather a laboratory distillation technique. The material is heated by microwave, whereby the essential oil is vaporized by the in-situ water and recovered from the distillate

FIGURE 2.6 STEAM DISTILLATION PROCESS

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 Filtration

Filtration is separation of fluid-solids mixture involving passage of most of the fluid through a porous barrier (the filter medium), which retains most of the solid particulates contained in the mixture. In industry, “filtration is used to remove solids from a liquid, whether these solids be of product, process intermediates, catalysts or carbon particulates (e.g., from a decolouring step)”. Batch filtration systems widely used by the pharmaceutical industry are the plate-and-frame filter, cartridge filters, the nutsche filter, and combination filter/dryers.

“The normal filtration procedure is simply to force or draw the mother liquor through a filtering medium. Following filtration, the retained solids are removed”. The wet cake may then go through a re-slurry process where it is washed and filtered again. “This option is usually carried out when a highly specialized product requiring high purity is desired or when solvents were not removed as part of the original slurry filtration.

 Extraction

Extraction is used to separate liquid mixtures by taking advantage of differences in the solubility of the mixture components. A solvent that preferentially combines with only one of the components is added to the mixture. The resulting mixture consists of an extract (containing the preferentially combined material) and a raffinate (containing the residual phase). Extraction may take place in an agitated reaction vessel (mixer- settler),in a vertical cylinder (where the solvent flows upward or downward through the liquid mixture), or in a column with internals to mechanically enhance the contact between the two liquid phases. Extraction is the most important liquid separation process used in industrial chemistry. It is used mainly where other separation methods or direct distillation are ineffective or too expensive.

2.6.2 Manufacturing Process

A. Ambrettolide (Musk) Ambrettolide is a musk, also known as white musks in the perfume industry, are a class of synthetic aroma compounds to emulate the scent of deer musk and other animal musks (ambergris, castoreum and civet). Synthetic musks have a clean, smooth and sweet scent lacking the fecal notes of animal musks. They are used as flavorings and fixatives in cosmetics, detergents,perfumes and foods, supplying the base note of many perfume formulas. Most musk fragrance used in perfumery today is synthetic. Synthetic musks in a narrower sense are chemicals modeled after the main odorants in animal musk: muscone in deer musk, civetone in civet, and ambroxide in ambergris. The shellac powder crystals, which are purchasing as raw material, are reacted with methanol and tri methyl ortho formate in the presence of toluene to form dioxalene derivative. The dioxalene is acetylated with acetic anhydride to form methyl ester of bengalinic acid and it is treated with caustic potash solution in the presence of mono ethylene glycol, catalyst and methanol. Then the methyl ester of bengalinic acid is VIMTA Labs Limited, Hyderabad/Coimbatore C2- 16 Environmental Impact Assessment for the proposed expansion of Synthetic/Natural Organic Aromatic Plant at Chikadasampalayam Village, Mettupalayam Taluk, Coimbatore District, Tamil Nadu Chapter - 2 Project Description

cyclised to form ambrettolide in the presence of glycerine (as carrier) and britol at high temperature and vacuum. Part of the shellac powder is proposed to be produced ‘In house’ after the proposed expansion. Shellac is saponified by adding Caustic Soda, Soda Ash and commercial salt. The saponified material is washed with Bleach Liquor and filtered. The Saponified cake is acidified by using diluted hydrochloric acid. We get shellac powder crystals which are filtered and dried. This is called shellac powder. Flow Charts showing the manufacturing processes of shellac powder and Ambrettolide are given in Figures 2.7 & 2.8 respectively

Caustic Soda + Soda Ash + Saponification Commercial Shellac + Saponified Cake + Effluent Salt Filtration

Bleach Liquor Washing

Acidification Bleached Hydro Chloric Shellac Powder + Saponified Cake Acid

Effluent

FIGURE–2.7 MANUFACTURING PROCESS – SHELLAC POWDER

TMOF Acetic Anhydride Dioxalane Shellac Powder Derivative MEBA Toluene, Acetylation PTSA Crude

Saponification Saponified Glycerin Ambrettolide MEBA Caustic Potash MEBA + Waste Co-distillation Sodium Methoxide Residue

MEG, Methanol

Britol Crude Ambrettolide Ambrettolide Fractional distillation

FIGURE–2.8 MANUFATURING PROCESS – AMBRETTOLIDE

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B. Iso Butyl Quinoline (IBQ)

A mixture of nitric acid and concentrated sulphuric acid is prepared and added to secondary butyl benzene. After the addition of acid mixture, the secondary butyl nitro benzene is separated and neutralized with sodium bi-carbonate / sodium carbonate solution.

The secondary butyl nitro benzene is mixed with methanol and 10% palladium on charcoal is added to the reaction mass. To this hydrogen gas is passed. After completion of the reaction solvent is recovered and secondary butyl aniline is obtained. secondary butyl aniline is added to para nitro sulphonic acid, which is prepared by mixing nitro benzene and oleum. Then glycerine is added and heated. Iso Butyl Quinoline thus produced is neutralized with sodium hydroxide and distilled. Flow charts showing the manufacturing processes involving conversion of secondary butyl benzene to secondary butyl aniline and secondary butyl aniline to iso butyl quinoline are given in Figure – 2.9 & 2.10 respectively.

Nitric acid Sec Butyl Neutralization Sec Butyl Sec Butyl Nitro Nitro

Benzene Benzene Benzene

Sulphuric

Acid

Water

Effluent

Solvent, Pd-Charcoal Hydrogen Gas

Sec Butyl Sec Butyl Nitro

Aniline Benzene

FIGURE–2.9 MANUFACTURING PROCESS - SEC BUTYL BENZENE TO SEC BUTYL ANILINE

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NaOH Solution Butyl Aniline Glycerine

Oleum Para Nitro Acidic Quinoline Sulphonic Acid Reaction Mass Mass

Nitro Benzene Effluent

Activated Carbon Liquid Paraffin Heavy

Iso Butyl Distillation Crude Iso Butyl Quinoline Quinoline Quinoline Mass

Residue

FIGURE–2.10 MANUFACTURING PROCESS - SEC BUTYL ANILINE TO ISO BUTYL QUINOLINE

C. Enamber

Di acetone alcohol is distilled in presence of ortho phosphoric acid and we get mesityl oxide. Then mesityl oxide is reacted with tri ethyl ortho formate in presence of anhydrous ferric chloride and we get crude enamber. Further on fractional distillation enamber is obtained. Flow charts showing the manufacturing processes involving conversion of di acetone alcohol to mesityl oxide and mesityl oxide to enamber are given in Figure – 2.11 & 2.12 respectively.

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Di acetone Ortho Phosphoric Alcohol Acid + Water Mesityl Oxide

Residue Formation Water

FIGURE–2.11 MANUFACTURING PROCESS - DIACETONE ALCOHOL TO MESITYL OXIDE

Caustic Soda Lye

Mesityl Oxide + Tri Ethyl Neutralization Orthoformate +

Catalyst

Water Effluent

Mesityl Oxide with Distillation Enamber Crude Enamber Crude Enamber

Residue Mesityl Oxide Recovered (Reused in Process)

FIGURE–2.12 MANUFACTURING PROCESS - MESITYL OXIDE TO ENAMBER VIMTA Labs Limited, Hyderabad/Coimbatore C2- 20 Environmental Impact Assessment for the proposed expansion of Synthetic/Natural Organic Aromatic Plant at Chikadasampalayam Village, Mettupalayam Taluk, Coimbatore District, Tamil Nadu Chapter - 2 Project Description

D. Concretes

Flowers / spices are charged in the extractors. Rectified hexane is pumped to the extractors. The flower / spice is soaked in hexane. The soaked hexane called miscella is discharged into the evaporators. In the evaporators the hexane is evaporated using steam and taken to the storage tanks. The concentrated miscella in the evaporator is discharged to the finisher. Using steam and high vacuum, the remaining hexane is evaporated and the process is completed using rectified spirit and thus the concrete is produced. Flow chart showing the manufacturing process of concretes is given in Figure – 2.13.

Soaking Flower/ + Hexane Miscella of Concrete Spice Flower /Spice

FIGURE–2.13 MANUFACTURING PROCESS - CONCRETES

E. Absolutes

The Concrete contains aromatic chemicals & natural wax. Waxy concrete is mixed thoroughly with processed rectified spirit using an agitator. After thorough mixing, the liquid is filtered to separate the solution and wax. Then the solution is concentrated and the finished product is known as absolute. Flow chart showing the manufacturing process of absolutes is given in Figure – 2.14.

Cooling & Filtration Concrete + Rectified Spirit

Rectified Spirit + Absolute

Distillation

Absolute

FIGURE–2.14 MANUFACTURING PROCESS – ABSOLUTES

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F. Vetiverol

Vetiveryl oil is treated with potassium hydroxide (caustic potash) neutralized with diluted acetic acid and the product is distilled. Flow chart showing the manufacturing process of vetiverol is given in Figure – 2.15.

Acetic Acid + Sodium Chloride

Vetiveryl + 25% Caustic Acetylation Potash Oil

Crude Vetiverol

Distillation

Vetiverol

FIGURE–2.15 MANUFACTURING PROCESS – VETIVEROL

G. Vetiveryl Acetate

Vetiveryl oil is treated with phosphoric acid / acetic acid /acetic anhydride and then neutralized with caustic soda / soda ash / sodium bicarbonate / sodium chloride and the product is distilled. Flow chart showing the manufacturing process of vetiveryl acetate is given in Figure – 2.16.

VIMTA Labs Limited, Hyderabad/Coimbatore C2- 22 Environmental Impact Assessment for the proposed expansion of Synthetic/Natural Organic Aromatic Plant at Chikadasampalayam Village, Mettupalayam Taluk, Coimbatore District, Tamil Nadu Chapter - 2 Project Description

Caustic Soda /

Sodium Chloride

Acetic Acid / Neutralization Vetiveryl Oil + Acetic Anhydride Acetylation

Water Effluent Crude Vetiveryl

Acetate

Distillation

Vetiveryl Acetate

FIGURE–2.16 MANUFACTURING PROCESS - VETIVERYL ACETATE

H. Enafran

Geranyl nitrile is reacted with phosphoric acid in toluene media neutralized with a solution of sodium chloride and sodium bicarbonate. It is further subjected to reaction with sodium methoxide and methanol and neutralized to obtain cyclo geranyl nitrile. The cyclo geranyl nitrile thus obtained is subjected to reaction with hydro bromic and sodium bromate to undergo bromination. The intermediate is then reacted with diethyl aniline in a toluene media in the presence of hydrochloric acid and neutralized with a solution of sodium bicarbonate and distilled to obtain crude enafran nitrile.

Enafran nitrile thus obtained is reduced with a metallic hydride catalyst in a solvent media in the presence of sulphuric acid and neutralized with sodium bicarbonate solution. The neutralized organic layer is subjected to vacuum distillation to obtain enafran. Flow chart showing the manufacturing process of enafran given in Figure – 2.17.

VIMTA Labs Limited, Hyderabad/Coimbatore C2- 23 Environmental Impact Assessment for the proposed expansion of Synthetic/Natural Organic Aromatic Plant at Chikadasampalayam Village, Mettupalayam Taluk, Coimbatore District, Tamil Nadu Chapter - 2 Project Description

Solution of Sodium Carbonate + Sodium Chloride

Ortho phosphoric Sodium Methoxide Geranyl Nitrile Acid+ Toluene + Methanol

Effluent + Solution of Sodium Solid Waste Carbonate

Hydro Bromic Acid Cyclo Geranyl Nitrile + Sodium Bromate

Effluent + Diethyl Aniline + Solid Waste Distillation Hydrochloric Acid

Metallic Hydride Pure Cyclo Geranyl Sulphonic Acid + + Hexane Nitrile Sodium Carbonate

Effluent + Solid Waste

Crude Enafran

Distillation

Pure Enafran

FIGURE– 2.17 MANUFACTURING PROCESS – ENAFRAN

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I. Ethyl Safranate

Ethyl aceto acetate, mesityl oxide, cyclo hexane and zinc chloride are refluxed for 100 hrs. the reaction mass is then neutralized by 20% sodium hydroxide solution and washed with water. Cyclo hexane is removed and the crude material is distilled to get keto ester.

The good keto ester material, potassium boro hydride, ethanol and sodium hydroxide are then stirred for 24 hrs. at room temperature. The reaction material is then neutralized by 10% acetic acid with toluene. After neutralization, toluene is partially removed to get step-2 organic material.

Step-2 organic material, para toluene sulphonic acid and toluene are then refluxed for 24 hrs. and neutralized by 5% sodium bi carbonate solution and water washed. Toluene is removed and the crude ethyl safranate material is then distilled to get good ethyl safranate. Flow chart showing the manufacturing process of ethyl safranate is given in Figure – 2.18

Step -1: Cyclization

Neutralization

Reflux EAA+ MO+Cyclo Keto Ester Distillation Good Keto Hexane+ ZnCl2 material Ester

Cyclo Hexane removed

Step -2: Reduction

Neutralization

Good Keto Ester Stirring Distillation +Pot.BoroHydride Keto Ester Good Step- +Ethanol+NaOH material 2 Organic material +Toluene

Toluene removed

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Step -3: Dehydartion Neutralization

Good step-2 Reflux Crude Ethyl Distillation material+PTSA+ Safranate Good Ethyl Toluene material Safranate

Toluene removed

FIGURE– 2.18 MANUFACTURING PROCESS – ETHYL SAFRANATE

J. Essential Oils

The required plants / leaves are initially dried for about one week in shade. The roots are cut into small pieces. The roots / plants / leaves are then charged into the extractor with a perforated sheet at the bottom and steam is passed from the bottom for required duration. The condensate has water & essential oil. Using decanter we can separate essential 0il from water. It is further purified by filtration at vacuum and thus pure essential oil is obtained. Flow Chart showing the manufacturing process of Essential Oils is given in Figure – 2.19.

Roots / Plants / Steam Distillation Crude Leaves Essential Oil

Filtration

Pure Essential Oil

FIGURE – 2.19 MANUFACTURING PROCESS – ESSENTIAL OILS

K. Nootkatone

Tertiary butyl chromate was prepared by the addition of tertiary butanol to chromic tri oxide in carbon tetrachloride. The resulting solution was washed with water and dried over sodium sulphate. Acetic acid & acetic anhydride were added to the dried tertiary butyl chromate.

Tertiary butyl chromate was added to valencene in carbon tetrachloride, acetic acid and acetic anhydride and stirred the reaction mixture for 22 to 24 hrs. VIMTA Labs Limited, Hyderabad/Coimbatore C2- 26 Environmental Impact Assessment for the proposed expansion of Synthetic/Natural Organic Aromatic Plant at Chikadasampalayam Village, Mettupalayam Taluk, Coimbatore District, Tamil Nadu Chapter - 2 Project Description

After which the reaction mixture was cooled and neutralized by 10% oxalic acid solution and 10% potassium carbonate solution, then washed with water and dried over sodium sulphate to get crude nootkatone. The crude nootkatone is then distilled to get good nootkatone. Flow Chart showing the manufacturing process of nootkatone is given in Figure – 2.20.

Valencene

t-Butanol + CCl₄, AA t-Butyl CCl₄, AA Nootkatone Chromic Acid Chromate mass Na₂So₄, AC₂O Na₂So₄, AC₂O

Neutralization

Water Effluent with Oxalic Acid & K₂CO₃

Distillation Crude Good Nootkatone Nootkatone

Residue

FIGURE – 2.20 MANUFACTURING PROCESS – NOOTKATONE

L. Watermelon Ketone

2-Butanone and sodium carbonate are added and stirred well for 5 minutes. Potassium iodide and di-chloro acetone are then added to the above mixture and stirred for 15 minutes. Again 4-methyl catechol is added and refluxed for 10 hrs. The mixture is then cooled to room temperature and neutralized with acetone, sodium thio-sulphate, iso propyl alcohol and sodium chloride to get crude water melon ketone. The crude mass is then distilled to get good water melon ketone. Flow chart showing the manufacturing process of water melon ketone is given in Figure – 2.21.

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Neutralization with Reflux Acetone, Sodium thio- 2-Butanone sulphate, IPA &NaCl + Na₂CO₃

Pot. Iodide 4-Methyl + Dichloro Catechol Water Effluent Acetone

Distillation Good Water Melon Crude Water Melon

Ketone Ketone

Residue

FIGURE – 2.21 MANUFACTURING PROCESS – WATER MELON KETONE

M. Trans – Trans – 2 – 4 – Decadienal

Hexanal, ethanol, ethyl vinyl ether, p-toluene sulfonic acid and ferric chloride are refluxed for 10 hrs. The reaction mass is then neutralized with acetic acid and sodium acetate solution and then washed with water to get crude material. The crude material is then distilled to get good trans-trans-2-4-decadienal. Flow chart showing the manufacturing process of trans-trans-2-4-decadienal is given in Figure – 2.22.

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Hexanal, Ehanol, Reaction Neutralization with EVE, pTSA, FeCl₃ mass Acetic Acid & Sodium Acetate solution

Water Effluent

Distillation

Good Trans- Crude material Trans-2-4- Decadienal Residue

FIGURE – 2.22 MANUFACTURING PROCESS – TRANS-TRANS-2-4-DECADIENAL

N. Trans– 2 – Dodecenal

Decanal, ethanol, ethyl vinyl ether, p-toluene sulfonic acid and ferric chloride are refluxed for 10 hrs. the reaction mass is then neutralized with acetic acid and sodium acetate solution and then washed with water to get crude material. The crude material is then distilled to get good trans-2-dodecenal. Flow chart showing the manufacturing process of trans-2-dodecenal is given in Figure – 2.23.

Neutralization with Decanal, Ehanol, Reflux Reaction Acetic Acid & Sodium EVE, pTSA, FeCl₃ mass Acetate solution

Water Effluent Distillation Good Trans-2- Crude material Dodecenal

Residue

FIGURE – 2.23 MANUFACTURING PROCESS – TRANS-2-DODECENAL VIMTA Labs Limited, Hyderabad/Coimbatore C2- 29 Environmental Impact Assessment for the proposed expansion of Synthetic/Natural Organic Aromatic Plant at Chikadasampalayam Village, Mettupalayam Taluk, Coimbatore District, Tamil Nadu Chapter - 2 Project Description

0. Jasmonyl

Acetic acid is taken in the glass lined reactor, cooled and sulphuric acid is added then 1-octene and para formaldehyde are added and the mixture is stirred for 24 hrs. Dichloro methane is added to the reaction mixture and the reaction mixture is then neutralized to get crude jasmonyl. The crude material is then distilled to get good jasmonyl. Flow chart showing the manufacturing process of jasmonyl is given in figure – 2.24.

Di Chloro Acetic Acid Methane + Sulphuric Acid Stirring Neutralization Crude Jasmonyl Reaction Mixture 1-Octene + p-Formaldehyde Distillation

Good Jasmonyl

FIGURE – 2.24 MANUFACTURING PROCESS – JASMONYL

Photographs showing existing facilities of the plant are shown in Figure-2.25 (a)-2.25(u)

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FIGURE 2.25 (a) FACTORY ENTRANCE

FIGURE 2.25 (b) ADMIN BLOCK VIMTA Labs Limited, Hyderabad/Coimbatore C2- 31 Environmental Impact Assessment for the proposed expansion of Synthetic/Natural Organic Aromatic Plant at Chikadasampalayam Village, Mettupalayam Taluk, Coimbatore District, Tamil Nadu Chapter - 2 Project Description

FIGURE 2.25 (c) FRACTIONAL DISTILLATION PROCESS

FIGURE 2.25 (d) STORAGE TANK

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FIGURE 2.25 (e) NEW AMB PLANT

FIGURE 2.25 (f) ENAMBER PLANT

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FIGURE 2.25 (g) FLORAL PLANT

FIGURE 2.25 (h) BOILER

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FIGURE 2.25 (i) STACK ATTACHED TO THERMOPAC

FIGURE 2.25 (j) STACK ATTACHED TO BOILER

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FIGURE 2.25 (k) RECOVERED SOLVENTS

FIGURE 2.25 (l) RAW MATERIAL STORAGE AREA

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FIGURE 2.25 (m) EFFLUENT TREATMENT PLANT

FIGURE 2.25 (n) MULTIPLE EFFECT EVAPORATOR

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FIGURE 2.25 (o) EVAPORATION POND

FIGURE 2.25 (p) STORAGE OF HAZARDOUS WASTE

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FIGURE 2.25 (q) DG-SET

FIGURE 2.25 (r) DG-SETS VIMTA Labs Limited, Hyderabad/Coimbatore C2- 39 Environmental Impact Assessment for the proposed expansion of Synthetic/Natural Organic Aromatic Plant at Chikadasampalayam Village, Mettupalayam Taluk, Coimbatore District, Tamil Nadu Chapter - 2 Project Description

FIGURE 2.25 (s) TRANSFORMER YARD

FIGURE 2.25 (t) PARKING AREA

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FIGURE 2.25 (u) RAINWATER HARVESTING PITS

2.7 Sources of Pollution

The various types of pollution from the expansion project are categorized under the following types:

 Air Pollution;  Water Pollution;  Solid waste; and  Noise Pollution

2.7.1 Air Pollution Sources and Mitigation Measures

The existing plant has 3 boilers (0.3 TPH, 0.6 TPH and 1.0 TPH), which operates in LPG, diesel and fire wood and also has four thermopacs (2x 65000 kcal/hr & 2x 100000 Kcal/hr). Additionally, 1x 65000 Kcal/hr thermopacs will be put up to meet the steam requirement of the project. 1x 60 KVA of additional DG sets will be proposed. Separate stacks of adequate height are attached to the boilers, thermopacs and DG sets.

The major type of pollutants with regards to air pollution are particulate matter, sulphur dioxide, and oxides of nitrogen. Adequate air pollution control equipment has been installed to achieve SPCB norms. Flue gas emission from vehicular movement will be low in magnitude, temporary in nature and reversible. The air pollution management is presented in Chapter - 4 of this report. The details of expected air emissions for the after expansion are given in Table 2.7 (a) and 2.7(b) VIMTA Labs Limited, Hyderabad/Coimbatore C2- 41 Environmental Impact Assessment for the proposed expansion of Synthetic/Natural Organic Aromatic Plant at Chickadasampalayam Village, Mettupalayam Taluk, Coimbatore District, Tamil Nadu Chapter - 2 Project Description

TABLE.2.7 (a) STACK DETAILS-AFTER EXPANSION

Stack Nos Stack 1 Stack 2 Stack 3 Stack 4 Stack 5 Stack 6 Material of Construction MS MS MS MS MS MS Diesel based Agro waste / LPG based Thermopac-I Thermopac- II Thermopac- III Stack Attached to Boiler-0.60 Firewood Boiler-1.0 Boiler- 0.3Ton/hr (100000Kcal/hr) (65000 Kcal/hr) (65000 Kcal/hr) Ton/hr Ton/hr Stack Height above the GL, m 12.0 12.0 8.0 15.0 15.0 13.0 Inside Dimensions of the Stack at 0.3 0.62 0.31 0.3 0.31 0.31 top, m 3 Gas Quantity m /hr 4624 18360 5028.7 5220 6142 6142 Exit Velocity of the Gas m/s 25 25 25 25 25 25 0 Flue Gas Temperature, C 137 167 127 85 52 52 Sulphur Content (%) 0.1 0.05 0.1 0.003 0.003 0.003 Pollution Control Measures Stack Stack Stack Stack Stack Stack

Emission Rate g/s PM 0.064 0.26 0.07 0.07 0.09 0.09 SO2 0.007 0.011 <0.005 <0.005 <0.005 <0.005 Nox 0.064 0.26 0.07 0.07 0.09 0.09

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TABLE 2.7(b) STACK DETAILS-AFTER EXPANSION

Stack Nos Stack 7 Stack 8 Stack 9 Stack 10 Stack 11 Stack 12 Material of Construction MS MS MS MS MS MS Thermopac- IV DG Set-I DG Set-II DG Set-III DG Set-IV Thermopac- V Stack Attached to (100000 Kcal/hr) (250 KVA) (250 KVA) (125 KVA) (60 KVA) (65000 Kcal/hr) Stack Height above the GL, m 12.4 6.0 6.0 6.0 6.0 13.0 Inside Dimensions of the 0.31 0.15 0.15 0.1 0.075 0.31 Stack at top, m Gas Quantity m3 /hr 5602.5 1346.6 1346.6 624.7 180.0 6142 Exit Velocity of the Gas m/s 25 15 15 12 12 25 Flue Gas Temperature, 0C\ 85 65 65 62 72 52 Sulphur Content (%) 0.003 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.003 Acoustics Acoustics Acoustics Acoustics Pollution Control Measures Individual Stack enclosures enclosures enclosures enclosures Individual followed by Stack followed by Stack followed by followed by Stack Stack Stack

Emission Rate g/s PM 0.08 0.02 0.02 0.01 0.003 0.09 SO2 <0.005 0.04 0.04 0.02 0.004 <0.005 Nox 0.08 0.02 0.02 0.01 0.003 0.09 Note: For LPG, Firewood, Diesel Sulphur content of 0.003 %, 0.05%,0.1 %has been Considered

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2.7.2 Wastewater Generation and its Management

The quantity of wastewater generation depends on the quantity of water used for various purposes. As a producer of different type of synthetic organic aromatic components, the industry is being generating different type of wastewater from different type of processes. The generation of wastewater from different type of products and other sources with quantity are presented in Table – 2.8.

The entire effluent generations will be of 14.51 KLD. The effluent generated from the process of natural aroma product (concretes, absolutes and essential oils) 4.08 KLD will be treated in the proposed SBT-Bioreactor of capacity 8.5 KLD where the concentrated water is treated through patented media and collected at the bottom of the bioreactor which will be used for plant activity.

The effluent from the rest of the process (synthetic) will be collected and neutralized by the appropriate chemicals then send to the multiple effect evaporator for effluent evaporation. The treated water from MEE will be reused in cooling tower and water ejector makeup process. The condensate water from the boiler of 8.18 KLD will be used for green belt development (1.35 ha). The concentrated effluent of 6.26 KLD from evaporator will be sent to the solar evaporation pond for further treatment process. The domestic wastewater of 4.80 KLD will be treated in the existing septic tank and dispersion trench. Hence, zero liquid discharge would be maintained in the proposed expansion of the plant. The details of sewage and effluent generation and Management is presented in Table - 2.8

TABLE - 2.8 DETAILS OF WASTEWATER GENERATION AND MANAGEMENT

Quantity in KLD Sr. Wastewater Category After No. Existing Management Expansion Process Water Treated in ETP with MEE & 10.89 1 (Organic & Synthetic 12.09 Soil Bio Technology (Natural (4.08+6.81) chemicals) Aroma process Water) Cooling Tower & Water Jet 0.67 Treated in ETP with 2 0.5 Ejector Blow Down (0.42 +0.25) evaporator DM plant Blow Down& 2.00 Treated in ETP with 3 1.5 Backwash (1.0 +1.0) evaporator Vessel & Equipment Treated in ETP with 4 0.6 0.95 Cleaning evaporator Treated in Septic Tank and 5 Drinking & Domestic 3.2 4.80 Dispersion trench Total 17.89 19.31 Source: Encee Aromatics (P) Limited, Mettupalayam

Characteristics of Un-treated and treated water from the ETP & SBT

The characteristics of the untreated and treated water from the ETP and STP are presented in Table - 2.9.

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TABLE - 2.9 CHARACTERISTICS OF UNTREATED AND TREATED WATER FROM THE ETP

Sr. Desirable Parameters Units Un-Treated Treated No Limits

Effluent Treatment Plant (ETP)

1 pH - 6.5-7.5 6.5-7.5 5.5 - 9.0 2 BOD mg/l 300 <10 10 3 COD mg/l 550 <50 50 4 TSS mg/l 120 <10 20 Soil Bio Technology (SBT) 1 pH - 7.5-8.0 7.0-8.0 5.5 - 9.0 2 BOD mg/l 300 <10 10 3 COD mg/l 7000 <50 50 4 TSS mg/l <20 <10 20

2.7.2.1 Details of Treatment Plants

Effluent Treatment Plant with Multi Effect Evaporator (MEE):

The various sources of effluents from synthetic aroma product are collected in the individual effluent collection tanks from the source point are further pumped to equalization tanks of effluent treatment plant. Effluent generation is not uniform and maximum quantity comes out from process. The effluent from the main collection tanks are pumped to the equalization tanks for homogenization of the effluent which will be carried out in the batch process. Required chemical like spent acid is dosed to neutralize the effluent and the neutralized effluent is further collected in the intermediate storage tank and pumped to multiple effect evaporator for evaporation. The multiple effect evaporator is designed to evaporate maximum of 40%. The condensate water will be reused back to the cooling tower make up and the concentrate effluent will be sent to the solar evaporation. Elevated solar evaporation pond has been constructed in Civil for drying of the concentrated effluent and the dried mass is collected in gunny bags and then stored within the premises for scientific disposal.

Continuous Aerobic Multi Stage Soil Bio Technology (CAMUS SBT):

Meanwhile in the proposed expansion, new technology has been proposed to treat the wastewater generating from the process of organic chemicals. In this system, combination of physical processes like sedimentation, infiltration and bio-chemical processes will be carried out to remove the suspended solids, organic and inorganic contents of the wastewater. The technology is based on a bio-conversion process where fundamental reactions of nature, namely respiration of micro and macro organisms, photosynthesis by plants, and mineral weathering take place in a media housing micro & macro organism which bring about the desired purification.

The raw effluent from the natural aroma product (concretes, absolutes & essential oils) will be collected separately and pumped on top of the proposed CAMUS-SBT bioreactor where it percolates through a patented media. The treated water will be collected at the bottom of the bio reactor and stored in a treated water tank. Further purification if required would be achieved by recycling the treated water through the bioreactor.

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FIGURE- 2.26 PROCESS OF SBT

The treated effluent from the ETP (MEE & SBT) will be reused for cooling tower process water, ejector makeup. The proposed treatment Plant has the following units as shown in Table 2.10. The effluent treatment scheme diagram is given in the Figure – 2.27.

Domestic Sewage Treatment:

The wastewater generated from the domestic process of capacity 4.80 KLD will be treated in the existing treatment system of septic tank and dispersion trench. The dimension of septic tank and dispersion trench is 6.63m x 2.33m x 2.45m, 7.47m x 2.33m x 2.80m respectively.

TABLE - 2.10 DETAILS OF ETP/ SBT COMPONENTS

Sr. Material of Name of the unit Capacity No. Construction 1 Reboiler - 3 Nos. 323.8 x 2000 mm CS 2 Evaporator Vessel - 3 Nos. 2250 x 750 mm CS 3 Condenser 2250 x 750 mm CS 4 Receiver 1500 x 500 mm CS 5 Crystallizer - 2 nos. 580 x 500 mm CS 6 Surge Tank 460 X 400 mm CS 7 Effluent Storage Tank – 5 nos 10 KL PP 8 Steam Boiler (LPG) 300 Kg/CM² MS 9 Storage Tank - 6 nos. 3250 Litrs. MS 10 Air Compressor 68 M³/hr MS 11 Settling Tank I 3440 Litrs. MS 12 Ferrous Sulphate Mixing Tank 576 Litrs. MS 13 Lime Tank 576 Litrs. MS 14 Ferrous Sulphate Holding Tank 65 Litrs. MS 15 Settling Tank II 500 Litrs. MS 16 Settling Tank III 630 Litrs. MS 17 Compressor Air Mixing Tank 1250 Litrs. MS 18 Raw Effluent Tank 8m x4mx1.5m RCC 19 Treated water Tank 4mx2mx1.5m RCC 20 Bioreactor – 2 Nos. 1.75mx1.75mx3.75m SS 304 21 CAMUS SBT Media 50 kg/reactor Bio (Culture) Media 22. Solar Evaporation Pan (8 Nos) (10.5X4.5X0.3) Total Area 378 sq.m 23. Solar Evaporation Pan (2 Nos) (10.5X4.0X0.3) Total Area 84 sq.m Source: Encee Aromatics (P) Limited, Mettupalayam

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EFFLUENT TREATMENT PLANT FOR ZERO DISCHARGE – FLOW CHART C & Co NATURAL DISTILLATE RECEIVER AROMA FINAL TREATED EFFLUENT DISTILLATE PRODUCT TO GREENBELT DEVELOPMENT MEE EFFLUENT PLANT COLLECTION TANK DISTILLATE S S COLLECTION ENCEE NATURAL TANK AROMA PRODUCT 1 SBT EFFLUENT COLLECTION NEUTRALISED LIME DOSING TANK EFFLUENT SOLAR TANK EVOPORATION STORAGE TANKS PONDS REACTION (SINTEX) 5 Nos 2 TANK-I SETTLING TANK - I NEUTRALISED I-INTERMEDIATE EFFLUENT STANDBY COLLECTION TANK TANK 3 N TANK ALKALINE -I

MVC STAND BY AERATION TANK N-NEUTRALIZATION TANK SETTLING TANK - 4 II SOLAR DISCHARGE EVAPORATION TANK POND SPENT ACID TANK 5 FILTRATE TO EQUALIZATION TANK MECHANICAL FILTER PRESS EQUALIZATION TANKS

FINAL TREATED EFFLUENT TO COOLING TOWER WJ EJECTOR

FIGURE - 2.27 EFFLUENT TREATMENT PLANT SCHEME

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2.7.3 Solid Waste Generation and Management

The quantities of the solid waste generation before and after the proposed expansion are presented in Table - 2.11.

TABLE - 2.11 DETAILS OF SOLID WASTE GENERATION

Details of Solid Waste Management After Sr. Existing Solid Waste Expansion Method of Disposal No. (TPM) (TPM) Non-Hazardous Waste Used as a manure in 1. Floral/Spice Waste 73.8 79.13 agricultural land 2. Wax 0.085 0.107 Sold to local suppliers 3. Firewood Ash 4.65 4.452 Used in agricultural land Hazardous Waste Distillation residues Stored temporarily in 4. 4.8 15.68 from various process HDPE bags, barrels and send to secured landfill Chemical sludge and 5. 7.75 53.35 facility residue from ETP

Stored in HDPE/MS Waste Oil from barrels and sent to SPCB 6. 0.25 0.80 maintenance (Litres) authorized recycle dealers Source: Encee Aromatics (P) Limited, Mettupalayam

2.7.4 Noise Pollution and Mitigation Measures

The expected noise generating sources in the aromatics plant are blowers, distillation section, thermic fluid heaters, boilers, ETP and DG-sets. The noise levels of the different machineries were monitored and the zone noise level ranges are given below in Table-2.12.

TABLE-2.12 NOISE LEVELS AT THE EXISITNG PLANT

S. No. Location Noise Levels dB (A) 1 Distillation Section 83.3 2 Thermic fluid Heater-Diesel 78.7 3 Thermic fluid Heater-LPG 76.2 4 Boilers 79.8 4 DG-Sets 82.0 5. Blowers 85.6 6 ETP 85.1

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2.8 Greenbelt Maintenance in the Existing Plant

The existing plant has been developed with greenbelt area of 0.950 ha (25.13% of the total area with native species. Further, in proposed expansion, additional 0.4 ha (1.350 ha) 35.71% of the total area) has been allocated for greenbelt development which is fulfilling the greenbelt norms of CPCB. Greenbelt will be developed along with the plant boundary and open spaces of the plant site. Around 692 trees are maintained along the periphery of the plant site and 2755 nos of saplings are grown in the nursery. The details and numbers of trees in the existing plant are listed in Table - 2.13. The photographs of the existing greenbelt are shown in Figure - 2.28 (a)-(e)

TABLE - 2.13 LIST OF TREES/ SAPLINGS IN THE EXISTING PLANT

Scientific name Common or Local name No. of Trees Albizia lebbeck Siris /Vagai 11 Azadirachta indica Neem 18 Bauhinia racemosa Atti 2 Chamaedorea seifrizii Bamboo palm 32 Citrus aurantium Nagpur Orange 4 Cocos nucifera Coconut Palms 10 Crateva religiosa Purasai 1 Ficus elastica Rubber plant 1 Mangifera indica Mango 9 Michelia champac Champa 2 Millingtonia hortensis Kat-malli 4 Nyctanthes arbor-tristis Parijath 1 Plumeria alba Nela sampangi 6 Plumeria rubra Nela sampangi 2 Santalum album Mysore Sandal (VU) 2 Syzygium cumini Jamun 3 Tectona grandis Teak 581 Terminalia catappa Almond 1 Wrightia tinctoria Paalai 2 Total trees 692 Saplings grown in Nursery Areaca catechu Atai-k-kay 2000 Azadirachta indica Neem 20 Cocos nucifera Coconut 500 Dalberiga sissoo Shisham 10 Garcinia mangostana Mangostein 10 Michelia champak Sambagan 5 Piper nigrum Black Pepper 100 Pterocarpus santalinus Red sanders /Santhana Vengai 10 Tectona grandis Teak 100 Total saplings in nursery 2755

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FIGURE - 2.28 (a) PHOTOGRAPH OF EXISTING GREENBELT

FIGURE - 2.28 (b) PHOTOGRAPH OF EXISTING GREENBELT

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FIGURE - 2.28 (c) PHOTOGRAPH OF EXISTING GREENBELT

FIGURE - 2.28 (d) PHOTOGRAPH OF EXISTING GREENBELT

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FIGURE - 2.28 (e) PHOTOGRAPHS OF EXISTING GREENBELT

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CHAPTER-3

BASELINE ENVIRONMENTAL STATUS

3.0 DESCRIPTION OF THE ENVIRONMENT

3.1 Introduction

This chapter illustrates the description of the existing environmental status of the study area with reference to the prominent environmental attributes. The study area covers the area falling within 10 km radius from the center of the existing plant boundary.

The existing environmental setting is considered to adjudge the baseline environmental conditions, which are described with respect to climate, hydro geological aspects, atmospheric conditions, water quality, soil quality, vegetation pattern, ecology, socio- economic profile, land use and places of archaeological importance. The objective of this section is to define the present environmental status, which would help in assessing the environmental impacts due to the proposed expansion activities.

This report incorporates the baseline data generated through primary surveys for three months from 1st May, 2019 to 31st July, 2019 and secondary data collected from various government, semi-government and public sector organizations.

3.1.1 Methodology

Appropriate methodologies have been followed in developing the EIA/EMP report. The methodology adopted for the study is outlined below:

 Conducting reconnaissance surveys for knowing the study area; and  Selecting sampling locations for conducting various environment baseline studies.

The sampling locations have been selected on the basis of the following:

 Predominant wind directions recorded by the India Meteorological Department (IMD), Coimbatore observatory;  Existing topography;  Drainage pattern and location of existing surface water bodies like lakes/ponds, rivers and streams;  Location of villages/towns/sensitive areas; and  Areas, which represent baseline conditions.

The field observations have been used to:

 Assess the positive and negative impacts due to the proposed expansion activity;  Suggest appropriate mitigation measures for negating the adverse environmental impacts, if any;  Suggesting post-project monitoring requirements and the suitable mechanism for it.

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3.2 Topography, Geology, Hydrogeology & Drainage

3.2.1 Topography

Coimbatore district forms part of the upland plateau region of Tamil Nadu with many hill ranges, hillocks and undulating topography with a gentle slope towards east except for the hilly terrain in the west. The undulating topography with innumerable depressions, are used as tanks for storage of rainwater for agriculture.

Topography of the Project Site

The topography of the area lies on a flat country that gradually slopes down towards the west

3.2.2 Geology

The prominent geomorphic units identified in the district through interpretation of Satellite imagery are 1) Structural hills, 2) Ridges, 3) Inselbergs, 4) Bazada, 5) Valley fill, 6) Pediment, 7) Shallow Pediments and 8) Deep Pediments.

The Nilgiris on the northwest and Anamalai on the south are the important ranges, which attain a height of over 2513 m above mean sea level (MSL) and the highest elevation in the valleys adjoining the hills is 600 m above MSL. The ‘Palghat Gap’, which is an east-west trending mountain pass, is an important physiographic feature is located in the western part of the district.

Study Area

Geologically, the study area is predominantly occupied by Gneisses and part of charnockite gourp. The plant site is present in the ultramafic rock group.

Soils

The soils of Coimbatore district can be broadly classified into 6 major soils types viz., red calcareous soil, black soil, red non-calcareous, alluvial and colluvial soil, brown soil, and forest soil. About 60 per cent of the district is covered by red soils, of which red calcareous soil is predominant. Medium to deep red calcareous soils are found mainly in Pollachi and Udumalpet taluks. Parts of Palladam & Avinashi taluks are occupied by red non-calcareous soils. The highlands in Coimbatore, is mostly occupied by the black soils, which are dark gray to grayish brown in colour. The alluvial soils are found in small patches along the Noyyal river mainly in the upper reaches. The colluvial soils are found mainly in Chinnathadagam and Chitrachavadi sub-basins and as scattered patches at the foothills of the Anaimalai. The forest soils are confined to the reserve forest area and have a surface layer of organic matter.

Study Area

The plant site is located in the moderately shallow, well drained, clayey soils on undulating hill tops, slightly eroded, associated with moderately shallow, well drained, gravelly clay soils with moderated erosion. The geology map and soil map of the study area is shown in Figure-3.1 & in Figure-3.2.

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FIGURE-3.1 GEOLOGY IN THE STUDY AREA OF 10 KM RADIUS

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FIGURE-3.2 SOIL PRESENT IN STUDY AREA OF 10KM RADIUS

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TABLE-3.1 SOIL PRESENT IN STUDY AREA OF 10KM RADIUS

Soil Code Description Very deep, well drained, clayey soils on undulating lands, moderately eroded, 13 associated with very deep, well drained, calcareous loamy soils on gently sloping lands. Moderately shallow, well drained, gravelly loam soils on gently sloping lands, 17 moderately eroded, associated with moderately shallow, well drained gravelly clay soils on nearly level lands. Moderately shallow, well drained, gravelly loam soils on gently sloping lands, 19 severely eroded, associated with shallow, well drained, loamy soils. Moderately shallow, well drained, clayey soils on undulating hill tops, slightly 39 eroded, associated with moderately shallow, well drained, gravelly clay soils with moderate erosion. Deep, well drained, clayey soils on steeply sloping, high hills and hill ranges, 64 moderately eroded, associated with deep, somewhat excessively drained, clayey soils. Very deep, well drained, clayey soils on nearly level lowlands, slightly eroded, 109 associated with very deep, moderately well drained, calcareous, clayey soils. Very shallow, somewhat excessively drained, gravelly loam soils on 111 moderately sloping, isolated hillocks, severely eroded associated with moderately shallow, somewhat excessively drained, gravelly loam soils. Rocky outcrops, associated with moderately shallow, somewhat excessively 139 drained, gravelly loam soils on steeply sloping, isolated hills, severely eroded. Rocky outcrops, associated with moderately shallow, excessively drained, 150 gravelly loam soils on very steeply sloping escarpments and foot slopes, severely eroded.

3.2.3 Hydrogeology

3.2.3.1 General

The Coimbatore district is underlain by both porous and fissured formations (Plate-V). The important aquifer systems in the district are constituted by:

 Unconsolidated & semi-consolidated formations and  Weathered, fissured and fractured crystalline rocks.

The porous formations in the district are represented by alluvium and colluvium. The Colluvial formations are in the western boarder of Coimbatore district especially in Chinnathadagam and Chitrachavadi sub-basins of Noyyal river basin. Ground water occurs under phreatic conditions in the colluviums and is developed by means of dug wells and bore wells. The depth range of shallow aquifers ranges from 34 to 56 m and the saturated thickness of aquifers ranges from a few meters in basin area to as much as 56 m at the sub-basin. The river alluvium is occurring along the major river courses.

The hard-consolidated crystalline rocks are represented by weathered and fractured granite gneisses, granites, charnockites and other associated rocks. Ground water VIMTA Labs Limited, Hyderabad/Coimbatore C3-5 Environmental Impact Assessment for the proposed expansion of Synthetic/Natural Organic Aromatic Plant at Chikadasampalayam Village, Mettupalayam Taluk, Coimbatore District, Tamil Nadu Chapter - 3 Description of Environment

occurs under phreatic conditions in the weathered mantle and under semi-confined conditions in the fractured zones. The shallow aquifers in the major part of the district occur within the depth of 30 m while in the western most part of Coimbatore; they are more than 30 m. The depth of the wells ranged from 7 to 45 m bgl.

The yield of successful bore wells drilled down to a depth of 304 m bgl during the ground water exploration programme of Central Ground Water Board ranged from < 1 to 20 lps. The aquifer and well parameters of the wells shows wide variation.

Study area

It has been observed from the hydrogeology map of the study area that the plant site is located in the granite, gneisses, charnockite. The hydrogeological conditions in the area are discontinuous unconfined to semi confined aquifers down to 50 m bgl. They have a prospect of yielding < 200 m3/day.

Figure - 3.3 shows the hydrogeology of the Coimbatore district and Figure - 3.4 shows the hydrogeology map of the study area of 10 km radius. The detailed hydrogeology report has been attached as Annexure- XIII

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Plant Site

FIGURE - 3.3 HYDROGEOLOGY OF COIMBATORE DISTRICT

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FIGURE-3.4 HYDROGEOLOGY IN STUDY AREA OF 10 KM RADIUS

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FIGURE-3.5 DRAINAGE IN STUDY AREA OF 10 KM RADIUS

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3.2.4 Drainage

The Bhavani river which has its origin in the silent valley ranges in Kerala state and enters in to Coimbatore district about 25 km west of Mettupalayam and flows in a northeast direction. The river drains an area of 1056 Sq.km with in district. The Noyyal river has its origin in the Boluvampatty valley of the Vellingiri hills and comes to be called the Swami Mudiyar. Further south it is joined by the Periyar and Chinnar.

The Amaravathi river rises in the Anjanad valley in the Kerala state between the Anamalai hills and the plains and flows in the northeastern direction. Amaravathi dam is located on this river.

The Palar, Aliyar and Upar which are the main streams of the river Ponnani are originating from the Anaimalai hills and flows in a north-northwest direction on the southern part of the district, the Aliyar and Thirumoorthy dams are located on Aliyar and Palar respectively.

The Parambikulam and Sholaiyar streams, which are tributaries to the Periyar river has a south-westerly direction on the southwestern part of the district. Five surface reservoirs are located on this river, which form part of the Parambikulam Aliyar project. The drainage map of the study area is shown in Figure 3.5

Study area

From the drainage map, it was observed that Bhavani River & Belladhi Lake are the nearest water bodies to the plant site.

3.3 Land Use Studies

Studies on land use aspects of eco-system play an important role in identifying sensitive issues, if any, and taking appropriate actions for maintaining the ecological balance in the development of the region.

3.3.1 Objectives

The objectives of land use studies are:

 To determine the present land use pattern;  To analyze the impacts on land use due to the proposed expansion project in the study area; and  To give recommendations for optimizing the future land use pattern, vis-à-vis growth of plant activities in the study area and its associated impacts.

3.3.2 Methodology

For the study of land use, the literature review of various secondary sources such as District Census Handbook, regional maps regarding topography, zoning settlements,

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industry, forest etc., were taken. The data was collected from various sources like District Census Handbook, Revenue records, state and central government offices and Survey of India (SOI) Topo sheets and also through primary field surveys.

3.3.3 Land Use Based on Secondary Data

Based on the census report, the distance of 10 km radius around the proposed expansion area has been considered in the study. These areas were studied in detail to get the idea of land use pattern in the study area. The land use pattern of the study area as per 2011 census is presented in Table - 3.2. The village wise land use data is presented in Annexure - XXI.

TABLE - 3.2 LAND USE PATTERN BASED ON CENSUS DATA

Sr. 0-3 km 3-7 km 7-10 km 0-10 km Particulars of Land Use No. (ha) (ha) (ha) (ha) 1 Forest Land 283.24 2566.31 4334.59 7184.14 2 Land under Cultivation a) Irrigated Land 929.05 4203.26 2958.07 8090.38 b) Un irrigated Land 770.11 2490.28 2471.51 5731.9 3 Cultivable waste Land 450.91 157.52 419.5 1027.93 4 Area not available for 378.82 449.19 902.75 1730.76 cultivation Total 2812.13 9866.56 11086.42 23765.11 Source: District Census Handbook, Coimbatore & Nigiri,2011

FIGURE-3.6 LANDUSE CLASSIFICATION

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 Forest

The forest land under the study area consists of 7184.14 ha of the total geographical area.

 Land under Cultivation

In the study area, altogether 13822.28 ha land (irrigated and un-irrigated) is used for cultivation, in which the irrigated land works out to be 8090.38 ha and un-irrigated land to be 5731.9 ha.

 Cultivable Waste Land

This land includes that land, which was cultivated sometime back and left vacant during the past 5 years in succession. Such lands may either be fallows or covered with shrubs, which are not put to any use.

Lands under thatching grass, bamboo bushes, other grooves useful for fuel etc., and all grazing lands and village common lands are also included in this category. The study area comprises about 1027.93 ha of the cultivable wastelands.

 Area not Available for Cultivation

The land areas under this category work out to be 1730.76 ha of the study area, which includes area of land with scrub, land without scrub, quarry, mining area, rocky/stony and barren area.

3.3.4 Land Use Pattern Based on Remote Sensing Data

Remote sensing satellite imageries were collected and interpreted for the 5 km & 10- km radius study area for analysing the Land use pattern of the study area. Based on the satellite data, land use/ land cover maps have been prepared.

 Methodology

The land use pattern of the study area has been estimated by interpreting the recent IRS RS-2 LISS IV FMX satellite imagery using ERDAS software programme and field observations

3.3.4.1 Land use/Land Cover Classification System

The present Land use/ Land cover maps were prepared based on the classification system of national standards. For explanation of each of the land use category, the details are given in Table - 3.3. The land use / land cover map of the study area is attached as Figure 3.8.

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TABLE - 3.3 LAND USE/ LAND COVER CLASSIFICATION SYSTEM

Sr. No. Level-1 Level-2 Town/cities Villages 1 Built-up Land Institution/Industry/ Godown etc. Plotted Area/Layout Double Crop Land/Irrigated Area 2 Agriculture Land Plantations Fallow Evergreen/Semi evergreen 3 Forest Deciduous Forest Plantation Rocky/Stony Waste 4 Wastelands Land with /without scrubs Saline/sandy & Marshy/swampy River/Stream 5 Water Bodies Lake/Reservoir/Tanks Orchard/Other Plantation Shifting cultivation 6 Others Salt Pans, Snow covered/Glacial Barren/Vacant Land Source: IRS RS-2 L4FMX Satellite Imagery

3.3.4.2 Data Requirements

IRS RS2 LISS IV FX satellite imagery data was acquired on 20th January 2019 and was used for the mapping and interpretation. Besides, other collateral data as available in the form of maps, charts, census records, other reports and especially topographical survey of India maps are used. In addition to this, ground truth survey was also conducted to verify and confirm the ground features.

3.3.4.3 Data Sourcing and Pre-Field Interpretation of Satellite Data

The methodology adopted for preparation of Land use/Land cover thematic map is as follows:

 Digital interpretation of IRS RS-2 of L4FMX satellite imagery data using ERDAS software programme; and

 Field observations.

The methodology adopted for preparation of land use/ land cover thematic map is monoscopic visual interpretation of geo coded scenes of IRS Resourcesat-2 satellite and field observations are taken. The various steps involved in the study are preparatory field work, field survey and post field work.

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3.3.4.4 Pre-field Interpretation of Satellite Data

The False Colour Composite (FCC) of IRS Resourcesat-2 of L4FMX satellite data are used for pre-field interpretation work. Taking the help of topo-sheets, geology and geomorphology by using the image elements the features are identified and the boundaries are delineated roughly. Each feature is identified on image by their image elements like tone, texture, colour, shape, size, pattern and association. A tentative legend in terms of land Use/land Cover, physiography and erosion was formulated. The sample areas for field check are selected covering all the physiographic, land use/land cover feature cum image characteristics.

 Ground Truth Collection

Both topo-sheets and imagery were taken for field verification and a transverse plan using existing road network was made to cover as many representative sample areas as possible to observe the broad land use features and to adjust the sample areas according to field conditions. Detailed field observations and investigations were carried out and noted the land use features on the imagery.

 Post Field Work

The base maps of the study area were prepared, with the help of Survey of India topo-sheets. Preliminary interpreted land use and the land cover features boundaries from IRS Resourcesat-2 False Colour Composite were modified in light of field information and the final thematic details were transferred onto the base maps.

The final interpreted and classified thematic map was cartographed. The cartographic map was coloured with standard colour coding and detailed description of feature with standard symbols. All the classes noted and marked by the standard legend on the map.

3.3.4.5 Final Output of Land Use Interpretation

The final output would be the land use/land cover map with numerals given to different colour code for each category as shown in map. Area estimation of all features of land use/land cover categories was noted.

3.3.4.6 Observations on Land Use

The details of various land use classes within 5 km and 10 km from the plant site are furnished in Table - 3.4. The raw satellite imagery on IRS RS-2 L4FMX and Landuse landcover map of study area is shown in Figure-3.7 and Figure-3.8 respectively.

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FIGURE-3.7 RAW SATELLITE IMAGERY IN 10 KM RADIUS

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FIGURE-3.8 LANDUSE LANDCOVER OF STUDY AREA IN 10 KM RADIUS

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TABLE - 3.4 DIFFERENT LAND USE CLASSES AROUND 10 KM RADIUS FROM THE PLANT SITE

0 -10 km Sr.No Level-I Level-II Area (Sq.km) Area (%)

1 Build-up Land Settlement/Forest academy 14.13 4.47 Industrial area 9.734 3.08

2 waterbodies Tank / River/ Reservoir etc. 21.352 6.76

3 Forest Dense forest 71.906 22.77

Single crop 134.706 42.64 4 Crop Land Double crop 10.676 3.37 Plantation 10.362 3.28

Land with scrub 20.724 6.56 Land without scrub 5.024 1.60 Waste Land 5 Sheet rock area 3.454 1.10 Stony waste area 10.048 3.18 Stone quarry 3.768 1.19 Total 315.884 100.00 Source: Resourcesat-2 LISS IV satellite imagery data acquired on 20th January 2019

FIGURE - 3.9 DIFFERENT LAND USE CLASSES AROUND 10 KM RADIUS FROM THE PLANT SITE

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3.4 Soil Characteristics

It is essential to determine the potential of soil in the area and identify the current status of soil quality and also to predict the impacts that may arise due to the plant operations. Accordingly, a study of assessment of the baseline soil quality has been carried out in the region.

3.4.1 Data Generation

For studying the soil profile of the region, sampling locations were selected to assess the existing soil conditions in and around the project area representing various land use conditions. The physical, chemical, nutrient and heavy metal concentrations were determined. The present study of the soil profile establishes the baseline characteristics and this will help in future in identifying the incremental concentrations if any, due to the operation of the plant.

The sampling locations have been identified with the following objectives:

 To determine the baseline soil characteristics of the study area;  To determine the impact of industrialization on soil characteristics; and  To determine the impact on soils more importantly from agricultural productivity point of view.

3.4.2 Soil Sampling and Analysis

Six locations within 10-km radius of the plant boundary were collected for the assessment of soil quality. At each location, soil samples were collected from three different depths viz. 30 cm, 60 cm and 90 cm below the surface and were homogenized. This is in line with IS: 2720 and Methods of Soil Analysis, Part-1, 2nd edition, 1986 of (American Society for Agronomy and Soil Science Society of America). The homogenized samples were analyzed for physical and chemical characteristics.

The samples have been analyzed as per the established scientific methods for physico-chemical parameters. The heavy metals have been analyzed by using Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer and Inductive Coupled Plasma Analyzer. The details of the sampling locations are given in Table - 3.5 and are shown in Figure - 3.10.

TABLE - 3.5 DETAILS OF SOIL SAMPLING LOCATIONS

Code No Soil Sampling Locations Distance Direction Zone S1 Plant site (Near Vellipalayam) -- -- Industrial S2 Vellipalayam 2.0 NNE Rural S3 Sirumugai 4.4 E Rural S4 Mottepalayam 1.5 S Rural S5 Mettupalyam 3.5 SW Commercial S6 Lingapuram 4.6 NE Rural

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Legend Soil Sampling locations

FIGURE - 3.10 SOIL SAMPLING LOCATIONS IN STUDY AREA OF 10KM RADIUS

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3.4.3 Baseline Soil Status

The results of soil samples collected at six locations within the study area are given in Table-3.6. The standard classification of soil is given in Table - 3.7. It has been observed that the texture of the soil is mostly “Sandy clay soil” in the study area. The common color of the soil is pale brown. The pH of the soil ranged from 6.5 to 7.1, indicating that the soil is slightly acidic in nature. The bulk density of the soil ranges in between 1.1 - 1.5 gm/cc.

The organic carbon content in the study area is observed as 0.68% - 0.94%. The electrical conductivity of the soil was observed to be in range of 182 µs/cm - 326 µs/cm with the maximum value observed in Mettupalayam (S5) and the minimum was observed in Lingapuram (S6).

Available nitrogen was observed to be ranging from 271.0 kg/ha to 326.0 kg/ha. A minimum concentration is observed at Mettupalayam (S5) and maximum concentrations are observed at Vellipalayam (S2). Available phosphorous was observed to be in the range of 40.0 kg/ha – 71.0 kg/ha.

Available potassium was observed as 418 kg/ha to 742 kg/ha in the study region. The minimum value observed at Lingapuram (S6) and maximum value observed at plant site (S1).

Based on above, the soil in the region has been found to have sufficient quantities of nutrients for crop growth and also indicate that no external industrial contamination in the study area.

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TABLE - 3.6 SOIL ANALYSIS RESULTS IN THE STUDY AREA

Parameters S1 S2 S3 S4 S5 S6 pH (1:5 soil water extract) 6.7 6.5 6.6 6.7 7.1 6.8 Electrical Conductivity (µs/cm) (1:5 soil water 194 211 271 220 326 182 extract) Silty Clay Texture Sandy Loam Sandy Clay Sandy Loam Sandy Clay Sandy Clay Loam Sand (%) 54 51 50 45 48 15 Silt (%) 11 12 14 24 12 46 Clay (%) 35 37 36 31 40 39 Bulk Density (gm/cc) 1.3 1.1 1.1 1.4 1.5 1.2 Exchangeable Calcium as Ca (mg/kg) 988 1025 1201 926 854 1104 Exchangeable Magnesium as Mg (mg/kg) 238 420 332 375 213 298 Exchangeable Sodium as Na (mg/kg) 53.5 76.3 70.9 48.9 106.7 117.5 Available Potassium as K (kg/ha) 742 529 724 472 420 418 Available Phosphorus as P2 O5 (kg/ha) 43 59 56 71 40 51 Available Nitrogen as N (kg/ha) 281 326 300 322 271 311 Organic matter (%) 0.74 0.8 1.2 1.34 1.1 0.9 Organic Carbon (%) 0.8 0.77 0.81 0.94 0.68 0.72

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TABLE - 3.7 STANDARD SOIL CLASSIFICATION

Sr. No. Soil Test Classification <4.5 Extremely acidic 4.51- 5.00 Very strongly acidic 5.01-6.00 moderately acidic 6.01-6.50 slightly acidic 6.51-7.30 Neutral 1 pH 7.31-7.80 slightly alkaline 7.81-8.50 moderately alkaline 8.51-9.0 strongly alkaline >9.01 very strongly alkaline Salinity Electrical Upto 1.00 Average 2 Conductivity (µS/cm) 1.01-2.00 harmful to germination (1ppm = 640 µS/cm) 2.01-3.00 harmful to crops (sensitive to salts) Upto 0.2: very less 0.21-0.4: less 0.41-0.5 medium, 3 Organic Carbon (%) 0.51-0.8: on an average sufficient 0.81-1.00: sufficient >1.0 more than sufficient Upto 50 very less 51-100 less Nitrogen 4 101-150 good (kg/ha) 151-300 Better >300 sufficient Upto 15 very less 16-30 less 31-50 medium, 5 Phosphorus (kg/ha) 51-65 on an average sufficient 66-80 sufficient >80 more than sufficient 0 -120 very less 120-180 less Potassium 181-240 medium 6 (kg/ha) 241-300 average 301-360 better >360 more than sufficient Source: Handbook of Agriculture

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3.5 Meteorology

The meteorological data recorded during the study period is very useful for proper interpretation of the baseline information as well as for developing prediction models for air quality dispersion. Historical data on meteorological parameters will also play an important role in identifying general meteorological regime of the region.

On-site monitoring was undertaken for various meteorological variables in order to record the site–specific data. Data was recorded every hour continuously from 1st May 2019 to 31st July 2019. India Meteorological Department has been monitoring surface observations at Coimbatorech Airport. Temperature, relative humidity, rainfall, wind speed and direction are measured twice a day viz., at 0830 and 1730 hrs. The wind speed and direction data of IMD, Coimbatore station has been obtained for the past available 10 years. The data for the remaining parameters has been collected for the last 10 years and processed.

3.5.1 Meteorological Data Recorded at site

The meteorological parameters were recorded at site on hourly basis during the study period and consists of parameters like wind speed, wind direction and temperature. The total rainfall was recorded daily once at 0830 hrs. The maximum and minimum values for all the parameters except wind speed and wind direction are presented in Table - 3.8.

TABLE - 3.8 SUMMARY OF THE METEOROLOGICAL DATA GENERATED AT SITE

Temperature (°C) Relative Humidity (%) Rainfall Period Max Min Max Min (mm) May 2019 39.4 22.7 100 19 106.0 June 2019 38.3 21.1 100 32 66.04 July 2019 31.0 23.2 97 39 6.35

 Wind Speed and Direction

The summary of the wind pattern for the period 1st May 2019 to 31st July 2019 is given in Table - 3.9 and graphical presentation of the same is shown in Figure - 3.11. The wind rose diagram mentioned below represent the wind blowing to direction. The predominant winds are mostly from SSE, South and followed by WSW direction.

TABLE - 3.9 SUMMARY OF WIND PATTERN IN STUDY AREA

First Second Predominant Predominant Period Predominant Calm (%) Wind Wind Speed Wind Direction Direction 1st May 2019 – 31st July South- South 3.6 – 5.7 5.2 2019 Southwest

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*Blowing from SSW to NNE

FIGURE - 3.11 SITE SPECIFIC WINDROSE FOR 1st MAY 2019 TO 31st JULY 2019 Vimta Labs Limited, Hyderabad/Coimbatore C3-24 Environmental Impact Assessment for the proposed expansion of Synthetic/Natural Organic Aromatic Plant at Chikadasampalayam Village, Mettupalayam Taluk, Coimbatore District, Tamil Nadu Chapter - 3 Description of Environment

3.5.2 Secondary Data from IMD-Coimbatore

Secondary meteorological data from IMD-Coimbatore has been collected for temperature, relative humidity, atmospheric pressure, rainfall, wind speed and wind direction. The data at IMD is usually recorded twice a day viz.at 0830 hr and 1730 hr.

3.5.2.1 Meteorological Data

The nearby India Meteorological Department station that is generating meteorological data is 33 km from the project site i.e, IMD, Coimbatore. Hence, secondary information on meteorological conditions has been collected from IMD Station at Coimbatore Airport.

India Meteorological Department – Coimbatore Airport

India Meteorological Department has been monitoring surface observations at Coimbatore Airport. Temperature, relative humidity, rainfall, wind speed and direction are measured twice a day viz., at 0830 and 1730 hr. The wind speed and direction data of IMD, Coimbatore station has been obtained for the past available 10 years. The data for the remaining parameters has been collected for the last 10 years and processed. Data on cloud cover is compiled from the climatological tables for the IMD station at Coimbatore. The monthly data for all the parameters except wind speed and wind direction is presented in Table - 3.10.

TABLE - 3.10 CLIMATOLOGICAL DATA STATION: IMD, COIMBATORE

Month Atmospheric Temperature Relative Humidity (%) Rainfall (mm) Pressure (hPa) (0C) 0830 1730 Max. Min. 0830 1730 Hrs Monthly Total Hrs Hrs Hrs January 999.5 995.6 32.2 19.9 76 51 10.4 February 998.6 994.2 35.0 20.7 75 42 5.3 March 997.4 992.7 37.5 22.5 73 38 13.3 April 995.3 990.7 38.9 24.9 71 46 44.3 May 992.6 988.8 39.9 25.9 63 48 55.1 June 992.3 989.0 39.0 25.8 59 48 48.5 July 992.4 989.3 38.0 25.5 60 51 57.6 August 992.9 989.4 37.8 25.1 62 52 85.5 September 994.0 990.1 36.9 24.3 66 55 108.8 October 995.8 992.1 35.5 23.4 76 65 189.9 November 997.3 993.8 32.8 22.4 79 69 153.1 December 998.7 995.2 31.5 21.0 78 64 63.5

3.5.2.2 Wind Speed and Direction

Generally, light to moderate winds prevail throughout the year. Winds were light and moderate particularly during the morning hours. While during the afternoon hours the winds were stronger. The seasonal and annual wind roses are shown in Figure - 3.12 (A & B) and Figure - 3.12 (C & D) and Figure - 3.13 and also presented in Table - 3.11.

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NNE 23.7%

5.3% NW 1.0% NNW

1.0% N 1.0% WNW NE 2.0%

ENE 1.0% 1.7% W C-5.7% E 0.3% ESE 0.3%

2.0% WSW

SSE 5.7% SE 12.0%

S 4.0%

13.3% SW

08-30hrs

1.0% NNW 20.0% SSW NNE 6.0% 1.0% NW

2.0% N

NE 0.7%ENE 3.7%

6.0% W C-9.5% E 11.0%

ESE 4.0% 5.0% WSW SSE 3.0% SE 6.7.0%

4.0% SW

S 15.7%

17-30hrs 20.7% SSW SCALE 4%

SPEED CALM 1 5 11 19 >19 Km/hr

FIGURE - 3.12 (A) WINDROSE DIAGRAM OF PRE-MONSOON – IMD, COIMBATORE

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0% NNW

0.3% NW 1.0% WNW 0%N NNE 0.5% NE 0.3% ENE 0% 0% W C-5.0% E 0.3% ESE 0%

4.0% WSW SSE 2.3% SE 6.3%

2.8% S 2.8%

08-30hrs

0% NNW 34.3% SW 0.3% NW

N 0.3% N NNE 1.0% 0% WNW NE 0% ENE 0% 14.7% W C-1.5% E 0.8% ESE 0% SE 0.8%

4.0% WSW

42.9% SSW

9.0% SW

SSE 16.3%

11.0% S 11.0%

17-30hrs

SCALE 4% SPEED CALM 1 5 11 19 >19 Km/hr

40.3% SSW

FIGURE-3.12 (B) WINDROSE DIAGRAM OF MONSOON SEASON (IMD- COIMBATORE)

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NNE 28.0%

7.5% NW 1.0% NNW 6.0% N

1.5% WNW NE 3.5% ENE 3.0%

2.0% W C-9.0% E 2.0% ESE 2.0%

3.0% WSW SSE 2.0%

SE 7.5%

S 2.0% 7.5% SW

08-30hrs

13.0% SSW NNE 10.0% 5.5% N 1.5% NW

NE 2.0% ENE 7.0%

5.0% W C-20.0% E 12.0%

SE 3.0% SSE 2.0%

5.0% SW

S 12.0%

15.0% SSW 17-30hrs

SCALE 4%

SPEED CALM

1 5 11 19 >19 Km/hr

FIGURE-3.12 (C) WINDROSE DIAGRAM OF POST MONSOON SEASON (IMD- COIMBATORE)

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NNE 26.6%

5.1% NW 0.8% NNW

N 2.7% NE 3.8% 1.8% WNW ENE 3.1%

1.3% W C-6.4% E 1.3% ESE 0.6% 2.4% WSW SSE 2.8% SE 7.0%

2.2% S

13.9% SW 08-30hrs

NNE 9.3%

0.3% NNW 18.6% SSW 0.9% NW N 3.2% 0% WNW NE 0.9%ENE 4.0%

6.9% W C-12.4% E 13.0% ESE 1.5%

2.3% WSW SE 5.1%

SSE 6.1% 4.7% SW

10.4% S

17-30hrs

19.0% SSW

SCALE 4%

SPEED CALM 1 5 11 19 >19 Km/hr

FIGURE-3.12 (D) ANNUAL WINDROSE DIAGRAM (IMD - COIMBATORE)

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NNE 54.7%

7.3% NW 1.3% NNW

NE 9.4% N 4.0%

2.0% WNW NNE 20.0% ENE 6.0%

1.3% W C-5.7% E 2.7% ESE 0% SE 2.0% 0.3% WSW SSE 1.3%

1.0% SW 0% NNW

0% S

1.0% NW N 3.7% 1.0% SSW

0% WNW 08-30hrs NE 1.0% ENE 5.0%

1.7% W C-18.5% E 28.0% ESE 2.0% 0% WSW

SSE 3.0% 1.0% SW SE 9.7%

2.7% S 2.7% SSW

17-30hrs

SCALE 4% SPEED CALM 1 5 11 19 >19 Km/hr

FIGURE-3.13 ANNUAL WINDROSE DIAGRAM (IMD - COIMBATORE)

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TABLE - 3.11 SUMMARY OF WIND PATTERN – IMD, COIMBATORE

Wind Direction Wind Speed Frequency (%) S. No. 8.30 hrs 17.30 hrs 8.30 hrs 17.30 hrs 1 Pre-monsoon season NE E 25.6 26.1 N SE 18.9 22.6 2 Monsoon season NW W 26.3 42.5 W SE 18.0 8.8 3 Post monsoon season N NE 30.8 31.4 NE, NNW SE 16.2 each 12.4 4 Winter season N NE 34.3 49.0 NNE ENE 23.1 20.1 5 Annual N NE 20.8 21.1 NE W 14.9 15.9

3.5.2.3 Comments

The India Meteorological Department (IMD) records the data two times a day viz. 0830 hr and 1730 hr, while the site-specific data has been recorded at an hourly interval. On comparison of site-specific data generated for study period vis-à-vis the IMD data, slight variations were found. The following observations are brought out:

 Slight variations were found in the temperature, on comparing the data generated at site with IMD data. The maximum and minimum temperatures recorded at site during study period were 39.4oC and 21.1oC, whereas the maximum and minimum values recorded at IMD were 39.9 oC and 25.5 oC respectively;

 The relative humidity was observed to range from 19% to 100% during the study period whereas according to IMD, Coimbatore the relative humidity was observed to be ranging from 38% to 79%. No appreciable variations are found in the RH values in comparison with IMD data; and

 On comparison of the data generated at the continuous monitoring station at project site with the data recorded at IMD, it can be observed that the data generated at the site is broadly compatible with regional meteorology, except minor variations as described above. However, the data cannot be compared on one to one basis as the two stations (IMD and project site) are away and there is elevation difference also.

3.6 Ambient Air Quality

The ambient air quality with respect to the study area zone of 10 km radius around the plant site forms the baseline information. The various sources of air pollution in the region are industrial and vehicular traffic. The prime objective of the baseline air quality study was to assess the existing air quality of the area. This will also be useful for assessing the conformity to standards of the ambient air quality during the plant operation.

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This section describes the selection of sampling locations, methodology adopted for sampling, analytical techniques and frequency of sampling. The ambient air quality was monitored at locations in and around the plant site. The monitoring was carried out for study period from 1st May 2019 to 31st July 2019. The air quality monitoring was conducted as per NAAQ standards, 2009.

3.6.1 Methodology Adopted for Air Quality Survey

Selection of Sampling Locations

The baseline status of the ambient air quality has been assessed through a scientifically designed ambient air quality monitoring network. The design of monitoring network in the air quality surveillance programme has been based on the following considerations:

 Meteorological conditions on synoptic basis;

 Topography of the study area;

 Representatives of regional background air quality for obtaining baseline status; and

 Representatives of likely impact areas.

Ambient Air Quality Stations (AAQS) were set up at eight locations with due consideration to the above-mentioned points. Table-3.12 gives the details of environmental setting around each monitoring station. The location of the selected stations with reference to the plant boundary is shown in Figure - 3.14.

TABLE - 3.12 DETAILS OF AMBIENT AIR QUALITY MONITORING LOCATIONS

Direction W.r.t Wind Code No AAQ Locations Distance Zone Plant Site Direction AAQ 1 Plant site -- - - Industrial (Near Vellipalayam) AAQ 2 Vellipalayam 2.0 NNE Downwind Rural AAQ 3 Lingapuram 4.6 NE Downwind Rural AAQ 4 Sirumugai 4.4 East Crosswind Rural AAQ 5 Mottepalayam 1.5 South Upwind Rural AAQ 6 Umaipalayam 3.0 West Crosswind Rural AAQ 7 Mettupalyam 3.5 SW Upwind Commercial AAQ 8 Gandhiyur 6.7 NE Downwind Rural

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Legend

Air quality Sampling locations

FIGURE - 3.14 AIR QUALITY SAMPLING LOCATIONS IN THE STUDY AREA OF 10KM

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3.6.1.1 Frequency and Parameters for Sampling

Ambient air quality monitoring was carried out at each location. The baseline data of air environment was generated for the following parameters:

 Particulate Matter of size less than 10 µm (PM10);  Particulate Matter of size less than 2.5 µm (PM2.5);  Chemical Characterization of Particulate Matter;  Sulphur dioxide (SO2);  Oxides of Nitrogen (NO2);  Ozone (O3);  Ammonia (NH3);  Lead (Pb);  Arsenic (As);  Nickel (Ni);  Carbon Monoxide (CO);  Benzene (C6H6); and  Benzo (a) Pyrene

3.6.1.2 Duration of Sampling

The duration of sampling of Particulate Matter of size less than 10 µm (PM10), Particulate Matter of size less than 2.5 µm (PM2.5), Sulphur dioxide (SO2) and Oxides of Nitrogen (NO2) was each twenty-four hourly continuous sampling per day. The monitoring was conducted for three months. This is to allow a comparison with the present revised standards mentioned in the latest Gazette Notification of the Central Pollution Control Board (CPCB) (November 16, 2009). The ambient air quality parameters and standards along with their frequency of sampling are given in Table - 3.13.

TABLE - 3.13 MONITORED PARAMETERS AND FREQUENCY OF SAMPLING

Parameters Sampling Frequency PM10 24 hourly sample twice a week for three months PM2.5 24 hourly sample twice a week for three months Sulphur dioxide (SO2) 24 hourly sample twice a week for three months Oxides of Nitrogen (NO2) 24 hourly sample twice a week for three months Ozone (O3) 08 hourly sample twice a week for three months Ammonia (NH3) 24 hourly sample twice a week for three months Lead (Pb) 24 hourly sample twice a week for three months Arsenic (As) 24 hourly sample twice a week for three months Nickel (Ni) 24 hourly sample twice a week for three months Carbon Monoxide (CO) 08 hourly sample twice a week for three months Benzene (C6H6) 24 hourly sample twice a week for three months Benzo (a) Pyrene 24 hourly sample twice a week for three months

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3.6.1.3 Instruments used for Sampling

Fine Particulate Samplers APM-550 instruments have been used for monitoring Particulate Matter of size less than 10 µm (PM10), Particulate Matter of size less than 2.5-µm (PM2.5) and for gaseous pollutants like SO2 and NO2. APM-411TE has been used along with APM-550.

3.6.1.4 Instruments used for Analysis

The make and model of the instruments used for analysis of the samples collected during the field monitoring are given in Table - 3.14.

TABLE - 3.14 INSTRUMENTS USED FOR ANALYSIS OF SAMPLES

Sr. No. Instrument Name Make Model Parameters 1 Spectrophotometer Systronics SP 104 SO2, NO2 2 Electronic Balance Sartorius CP225D PM10, PM2.5 3 ICP-AES VARIAN RLCCD Heavy Metals

3.6.2 Sampling and Analytical Techniques

The techniques used for ambient air quality monitoring and minimum detectable levels are given in Table - 3.15.

TABLE - 3.15 TECHNIQUES USED FOR AMBIENT AIR QUALITY MONITORING

Minimum Sr. No Parameter Technique Detectable Limit Respirable Dust Sampling / High Volume Sampling 5.0 µg/m3 1 PM 10 (Gravimetric Method) FRM Method/ Low Volume Sampling (Gravimetric 2.0 µg/m3 2 PM 2.5 Method) Sulphur dioxide 4.0 µg/m3 3 Modified West and Gaeke Method (SO2) Nitrogen di- 9.0 µg/m3 4 Sodium Arsenite Method oxide (NO2) Carbon Adsorption and Extraction followed by GC-MS 5 0.0125 mg/m3 monoxide (CO) Analysis 3 6 Ozone (O3) Spectrophotometric Method 2.0 µg/m 3 7 Ammonia (NH3) Indo-Phenol Blue Method 20.0 µg/m Adsorption and desorption followed by GC-MS 1 ng/m3 8 Benzene (C H ) 6 6 analysis BaP 1 ng/m3 9 Solvent Extraction followed by GC-MS Benzo(a)pyrene 10 Arsenic (As) ICP-MS Method after sampling on EPM Filter Paper 0.2 ng/m3 11 Nickel (Ni) ICP-MS Method after sampling on EPM Filter Paper 0.10 ng/m3 12 Lead (Pb) ICP-MS Method after sampling on EPM Filter Paper 0.05 ng/m3

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3.6.3 Presentation of Primary Data

The AAQ survey results for the three months study period (1st May 2019 – 31st July 2019) are presented in Annexure -VII. Various statistical parameters like 98th percentile, average, maximum and minimum values have been computed from the observed raw data for all the AAQ monitoring stations. The summary of these results for each location is presented in Table - 3.16.

 Summary of Observations

The observations based on summary of ambient air quality results are summarized below:

1) PM10:

The maximum and minimum concentrations for PM10 were recorded at as 73.0 µg/m3 and 45.0 µg/m3 respectively. The maximum concentration was recorded at Mettupalayam (AAQ 7) and the minimum concentration was recorded at Gandhiyur (AAQ 8). The average concentrations were ranged between 47.3 and 71.4 µg/m3.

2) PM2.5:

3 The maximum and minimum concentrations for PM2.5 were recorded as 34.9 µg/m and 15.4 µg/m3 respectively. The maximum concentration was recorded at Mettupalayam (AAQ 7) and the minimum concentration was recorded at Gandhiyur (AAQ 8). The average values were observed to be in the range of 16.6 – 32.9µg/m3.

3) SO2:

3 The maximum and minimum concentrations of SO2 were recorded as 15.0 µg/m and 5.2 µg/m3. The maximum concentration was recorded at Sirumugai (AAQ 4) & Mettupalayam (AAQ 7) and the minimum concentration was recorded at Lingapuram (AAQ 3). The average values were observed to be in the range of 6.0- 12.6 µg/m3.

4) NO2:

The maximum concentration of 25.0 µg/m3 was recorded at Mettupalayam (AAQ 7) and minimum concentration was of 6.8 µg/m3 observed at Gandhiyur (AAQ 8). The average concentrations were in the range of 7.9- 22.3 µg/m3.

5) CO:

The maximum concentration of 317 µg/m3 was recorded at Mettupalayam (AAQ 7) and minimum of 206 µg/m3 was observed at Lingapuram (AAQ 3) & Gandhiyur (AAQ 8).

6) VOC:

Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs) concentration in study area was found to be below detectable limit.

The ambient air quality monitoring results indicates that the overall air quality in the study area is within permissible standards prescribed by NAAQ Standards

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TABLE - 3.16 SUMMARY OF AMBIENT AIR QUALITY RESULTS

Plant Site Vellipalayam Lingapuram Sirumugai Mottepalayam Umaipalayam Mettupalayam Gandiyur CPCB Parameters Range (AAQ-1) (AAQ-2) (AAQ-3) (AAQ-4) (AAQ-5) (AAQ-6) (AAQ-7) (AAQ-8) Limits Maximum 70.6 64.5 60.3 70.8 60.0 65.0 73.0 50.0 PM10 45.0-73.0 (µg/m3) Minimum 63.6 60.4 55.8 64.4 55.0 60.0 70.0 45.0 100 3 Average 66.3 62.1 57.1 67.9 57.5 62.6 71.4 47.3 µg/m

98%tile 70.4 64.2 59.5 70.5 59.9 65.0 72.8 49.8 Maximum 25.8 22.8 20.3 31.8 21.9 24.2 34.9 17.8 PM2.5 15.4-34.9 (µg/m3) Minimum 21.2 20.7 17.5 26.7 18.6 20.9 31.3 15.4 60 3 Average 23.6 21.9 18.5 29.4 20.2 23.1 32.9 16.6 µg/m

98%tile 25.8 22.8 20.0 31.7 21.9 24.1 34.8 17.7 Maximum 10.7 8.3 6.9 15.0 10 8.0 15.0 8.2 SO2 5.2-15.0 (µg/m3) Minimum 8.5 6.7 5.2 10.0 8.1 6.5 10.0 6.5 80 3 Average 9.7 7.3 6.0 12.6 9.4 7.2 12.3 7.3 µg/m

98%tile 10.6 8.2 6.9 15.0 10.0 8.0 15.0 8.1 Maximum 16.4 12.7 12.0 17.9 15.0 14.1 25.0 8.8 NO2 6.8-25.0 (µg/m3) Minimum 12.9 10.0 9.0 16.2 11.0 10.1 20.0 6.8 80 3 Average 14.2 11.4 10.2 17.2 13.2 11.8 22.3 7.9 µg/m

98%tile 16.3 12.5 12.0 17.9 15.0 14.0 24.6 8.7 Maximum 274 278 255 292 285 286 317 247 CO 206-317 (µg/m3) Minimum 216 230 206 235 234 226 267 206 2000 3 Average 247 247 229 260 248 249 299 226 µg/m

98%tile 271 277 251 289 281 279 316 246

Note: All the values are in µg/m3 3 3 Ozone (O3), VOC, Ammonia (NH3), Lead (Pb), Arsenic (As) (ng/m ), Nickel (Ni) (ng/m ), Mercury (Hg), Benzene (C6H6 and Benzo (a) Pyrene (BaP) (ng/m3) are below the Detectable Limit

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TABLE - 3.15 SUMMARY OF AMBIENT AIR QUALITY RESULTS Vimta Labs Limited, Hyderabad/Coimbatore C3-38 Environmental Impact Assessment for the proposed expansion of Synthetic/Natural Organic Aromatic Plant at Chikadasampalayam Village, Mettupalayam Taluk, Coimbatore District, Tamil Nadu Chapter - 3 Description of Environment

3.7 Water Quality Selected water quality parameters of ground water resources and surface water resources within the study area has been studied for assessing the water environment and evaluate anticipated impact of the expansion project. Understanding the water quality is essential in preparation of Environmental Impact Assessment and to identify critical issues with a view to suggest appropriate mitigation measures for implementation.

The purpose of this study is to:

 Assess the water quality characteristics for critical parameters;

 Evaluate the impacts on agricultural productivity, habitat conditions, recreational resources and aesthetics in the vicinity; and

 Predict impact on water quality by this project and related activities.

The information required has been collected through primary surveys and secondary sources.

3.7.1 Methodology

Reconnaissance survey was undertaken and monitoring locations were finalized based on:

 Drainage pattern;

 Location of residential areas representing different activities/likely impact areas; and

 Likely areas, which can represent baseline conditions.

Water sources covering 10-km radial distance were examined for physico-chemical, heavy metals and bacteriological parameters in order to assess the effect of industrial and other activities on water. The samples were collected and analyzed as per the procedures specified in 'Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater' published by American Public Health Association (APHA).

Samples for chemical analysis were collected in polyethylene carboys. Samples collected for metal content were acidified with 1 ml HNO3. Samples for bacteriological analysis were collected in sterilized glass bottles. Selected physico-chemical and bacteriological parameters have been analyzed for projecting the existing water quality status in the study area. Parameters like pH and temperature were analyzed at the time of sample collection.

3.7.2 Water Sampling Locations

Eight (8) ground water samples and five (5) surface water samples were collected. These samples were taken as grab samples and were analyzed for various parameters to compare with the standards for drinking water as per IS: 10500:2012.

The water sampling locations in the study area and the details are given in Table - 3.17 and shown in Figure - 3.16.

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TABLE - 3.17 DETAILS OF WATER SAMPLING LOCATIONS

Code Distance from Plant Direction w.r.t. Plant Location No. Boundary (km) Boundary Ground water GW 1 Near Plant site -- -- GW 2 Vellipalayam 2.0 NNE GW 3 Lingapuram 4.6 NE GW 4 Sirumugai 4.4 E GW 5 Mottepalayam 1.5 S GW 6 Umaipalayam 3.0 W GW 7 Mettupalyam 3.5 SW GW 8 Karamadai 6.7 NE Surface water Bhavani River near to plant -- -- SW 1 site (upstream) SW 2 Bhavani River near to plant -- -- site (downstream) SW 3 Bhavani River near karattur 2.5 Km WSW (upstream) SW 4 Bhavani River near 1.8 km NE Vellippalaiyam (downstream) SW 5 Belladhi lake 7.3 km South

3.7.3 Presentation of Results

Ground water quality

The results of the ground water samples are presented in Table - 3.18 and are compared with the standards for drinking water as per IS: 10500:2012. The analysis results indicate that the pH ranges in between 6.83 to 7.85, which is well within the specified standard of 6.5 to 8.5. The maximum pH of 7.85 was observed at Sirumugai (GW4) and the minimum pH of 6.83 was observed at Mettupalayam (GW7). Total hardness was observed to be ranging from 19.9 to 375.9 mg/l. The maximum hardness was recorded at Vellipalayam (GW2) and the minimum hardness was recorded at Mettupalayam (GW7). The Total Dissolved Solids (TDS) concentrations were found to be ranging in between 53 to 1471 mg/l. The maximum TDS was recorded at Karamadai (GW8) and the minimum TDS was recorded at Mettupalayam (GW7).

Chlorides at all the locations were within the permissible limit, ranging in between 13.2 to 438.4 mg/l. Fluorides are ranging in between 0.2 to 0.9 mg/l and are found to be within the permissible limit. Nitrates were found to be in the range of from 0.7 mg/l to 5.6 mg/l. The heavy metal content is below detectable limits.

Surface water quality

During the baseline period season, 5 samples were taken for analysis. The results of the parameters analysed for the surface water samples are presented in Table - 3.19. The analysis results indicate that the pH ranges in between 7.21 to 8.03, which is well within the specified standard of 6.5 to 8.5. The maximum pH of 8.03 was observed at Belladhi lake (SW5) and the minimum pH of 7.21 was observed at Bhavani River near karattur (upstream) (SW3). Vimta Labs Limited, Hyderabad/Coimbatore C3-40 Environmental Impact Assessment for the proposed expansion of Synthetic/Natural Organic Aromatic Plant at Chikadasampalayam Village, Mettupalayam Taluk, Coimbatore District, Tamil Nadu Chapter - 3 Description of Environment

Total hardness was observed to be ranging from 22.2 to 208.9 mg/l. The maximum hardness of 208.9 mg/l was observed at Belladhi lake (SW5) and the minimum hardness of 22.2 mg/l was observed at Bhavani River near to plant site (upstream) (SW1) and Bhavani River near to plant site (down stream) (SW2). The Total Dissolved Solids (TDS) concentrations were found to be ranging in between 56 to 872 mg/l. Chlorides were ranging in between 15.8 and 278.2 mg/l. Fluorides are ranging in 0.3 to 0.7 mg/l. Nitrates were found to be in the range of from 0.8 mg/l to 6.1 mg/l. The heavy metal content is below detectable limits.

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Legend Ground Water Sampling Locations

FIGURE - 3.16 GROUND WATER SAMPLING LOCATIONS IN STUDY AREA OF 10 KM RADIUS

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Legend

Surface Water Sampling locations

FIGURE - 3.17 SURFACE WATER SAMPLING LOCATIONS IN STUDY AREA OF 10 KM RADIUS

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Chapter - 3 Description of Environment

TABLE - 3.18 GROUND WATER QUALITY

Perm. Limits Sr.No. Parameters Unit GW1 GW2 GW3 GW4 GW5 GW6 GW7 GW8 IS: 10500:2012 1 pH at 25°C -- 6.5 – 8.5 (NR) 7.49 7.58 7.73 7.85 7.53 7.67 6.83 7.59 2 Color Hazen 5(15) 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 3 Taste -- Agreeable Agreeable Agreeable Agreeable Agreeable Agreeable Agreeable Agreeable Agreeable 4 Odour -- Agreeable Agreeable Agreeable Agreeable Agreeable Agreeable Agreeable Agreeable Agreeable 5 Electrical conductivity µs/cm $ 1634 1476 1253 659 125 170 81 2320 6 Turbidity NTU 1(5) 2 3 2 2 3 2 2 3 7 Total Dissolved Solids mg/l 500(2000) 1038 930 810 428 85 110 53 1471 8 Total Hardness as (CaCO3) mg/l 200(600) 322.2 375.9 326.0 178.0 35.1 52.8 19.9 347.8 9 Alkalinity as (CaCO3) mg/l 200(600) 314 355 298 172 32 46 19 334 10 Calcium as Ca mg/l 75(200) 71.6 82.7 76.4 32.7 9.8 10.6 4.3 75.6 11 Magnesium as Mg mg/l 30(100) 34.8 41.1 32.8 23.4 2.6 6.4 2.2 38.3 12 Residual free chlorine mg/l 0.2(1) <0.2 <0.2 <0.2 <0.2 <0.2 <0.2 <0.2 <0.2 13 Boron as B mg/l 0.5(1) 0.34 0.52 0.25 0.23 0.41 0.27 0.48 0.37 14 Chloride as Cl mg/l 250(1000) 281.4 227.5 178.2 82.6 16.1 21.4 13.2 438.4 15 Sulphate as SO4 mg/l 200(400) 97.4 54.8 68.7 36.5 5.4 7.6 2.8 194.8 16 Fluoride as F mg/l 1.0(1.5) 0.5 0.8 0.9 0.7 0.3 0.5 0.2 0.9 17 Nitrate as NO3 mg/l 45(NR) 3.2 2.7 1.8 0.9 1.1 0.9 0.7 5.6 18 Sodium as Na mg/l $ 224.6 162.4 134.6 66.4 11.4 14.3 8.6 367.3 19 Potassium as K mg/l $ 4.8 6.8 5.2 5.7 1.2 1.6 0.91 11.4 Phenolic compounds as 20 mg/l (C6H5O6) 0.001 (0.002) <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 21 Cyanides mg/l 0.05(NR) <0.02 <0.02 <0.02 <0.02 <0.02 <0.02 <0.02 <0.02 22 Anionic Detergents mg/l 0.2(1.0) <0.2 <0.2 <0.2 <0.2 <0.2 <0.2 <0.2 <0.2 23 Mineral oil mg/l 0.5(NR) <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 24 Cadmium as Cd mg/l 0.003(NR) <0.003 <0.003 <0.003 <0.003 <0.003 <0.003 <0.003 <0.003 25 Arsenic as As mg/l 0.01(0.05) <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 26 Copper as Cu mg/l 0.05(1.5) 0.07 0.08 0.05 0.06 0.08 0.06 0.09 0.05 27 Lead as Pb mg/l 0.01(NR) <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 28 Manganese as Mn mg/l 0.1(0.3) 0.01 0.04 0.01 <0.01 0.01 <0.01 0.02 <0.01 29 Iron as Fe mg/l 0.3(NR) 0.09 0.06 0.03 0.06 0.32 0.12 1.02 0.02 30 Chromium as Cr+6 mg/l 0.05(NR) <0.05 <0.05 <0.05 <0.05 <0.05 <0.05 <0.05 <0.05 31 Selenium as Se mg/l 0.01(NR) <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 32 Zinc as Zn mg/l 5(15) 0.04 1.5 0.09 0.03 0.10 0.08 0.07 0.06 33 Aluminum as Al mg/l 0.03(0.2) <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 0.14 0.06 0.08 0.03 34 Mercury as Hg mg/l 0.001(NR) <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 35 Pesticides mg/l Absent Absent Absent Absent Absent Absent Absent Absent Absent 36 E.Coli - Absent Absent Absent Absent Absent Absent Absent Absent Absent 37 Total Coliforms MPN/100 Absent <2 <2 <2 <2 <2 <2 <2 <2

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Chapter - 3 Description of Environment

TABLE - 3.19 SURFACE WATER QUALITY

Sr. No Parameters Unit SW1 SW2 SW3 SW4 SW5 1 pH at 25°C 7.43 7.43 7.21 7.49 8.03 2 Color Hazen 5 5 3 2 4 3 Electrical conductivity µS/cm 89 89 98 209 1383 7 Total Dissolved Solids mg/L 56 56 61 134 872 5 Dissolved Oxygen mg/L 5.6 5.6 5.8 5.3 5.7 6 Biological Oxygen Demands mg/L 3.5 3.5 <3 <3 <3 7 Chemical Oxygen Demand mg/L 20 20 <5 <5 <5 8 Total Hardness as (CaCO3) mg/L 22.2 22.2 27.9 56.3 208.9 9 Alkalinity as (CaCO3) mg/L 19 19 22.5 49 198 10 Calcium as Ca mg/L 5.9 5.9 6.4 11.5 46.7 11 Magnesium as Mg mg/L 1.8 1.8 2.9 6.7 22.4 12 Residual free chlorine mg/L <0.2 <0.2 <0.2 <0.2 <0.2 13 Boron as B mg/L 0.47 0.47 0.39 0.24 0.31 14 Chloride as Cl mg/L 15.8 15.8 16.5 29.1 278.2 15 Sulphate as SO4 mg/l 1.7 1.7 1.3 9.5 91.5 16 Fluoride as F mg/l 0.5 0.5 0.3 0.6 0.7 17 Phosphate as Po4 mg/l <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 17 Nitrate as NO3 mg/l 0.8 0.8 1.1 3.4 6.1 18 Sodium as Na mg/L 9.6 9.6 8.7 18.6 213.2 19 Potassium as K mg/L 0.759 0.759 0.804 5.972 15.6 20 Phenolic compounds as (C6H5O6) mg/L <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 21 Cyanides mg/L <0.02 <0.02 <0.02 <0.02 <0.02 22 Oil and Grease mg/L <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 23 Cadmium as Cd mg/L <0.003 <0.003 <0.003 <0.003 <0.003 24 Arsenic as As mg/L <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 25 Copper as Cu mg/L 0.05 0.05 0.08 0.04 0.03 26 Lead as Pb mg/L <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 27 Manganese as Mn mg/L 0.01 0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 28 Iron as Fe mg/L 0.617 0.617 0.52 0.019 0.08 29 Chromium as Cr+6 mg/L <0.05 <0.05 <0.05 <0.05 <0.05 30 Selenium as Se mg/L <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 31 Zinc as Zn mg/L 0.07 0.07 0.04 0.03 0.03 32 Aluminum as Al mg/L 0.54 0.54 0.62 0.16 0.02 33 Mercury as Hg mg/L <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 34 SAR - 0.89 0.89 0.72 1.08 6.42 35 Insecticides mg/L Absent Absent Absent Absent Absent 36 Anionic detergents as MBAS mg/L <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 37 Total Coliforms MPN/100ml 1480 1480 1250 1670 1180 38 Total Suspended Solids mg/L 23 23 12 21 18

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3.8 Noise Level Survey

The main objective of noise monitoring in the study area is to assess the baseline noise and assess the impact of the total noise, expected to be generated by the proposed expansion project.

3.8.1 Identification of Sampling Locations

A preliminary reconnaissance survey has been undertaken to identify the major noise generating sources in the area. Noise at different noise generating sources has been identified based on the residential, industrial and commercial activities in the area. The noise monitoring locations are given in Table - 3.20 and shown in Figure - 3.18.

TABLE - 3.20 DETAILS OF NOISE MONITORING LOCATIONS

Code No Noise Monitoring locations Distance (Km) Direction N1 Plant site (Near Vellipalayam) -- -- N2 Vellipalayam 2.0 NNE N3 Lingapuram 4.6 NE N4 Sirumugai 4.4 E N5 Mottepalayam 1.5 S N6 Umaipalayam 3.0 W N7 Mettupalyam 3.5 SW N8 Gandhiyur 6.7 NE

3.8.2 Methodology of Data Generation

Sound Pressure Level (SPL) measurements were measured at all locations. The readings were taken for every hour for 24 hours. The day noise levels have been monitored during 6 am to 10 pm and night levels during 10 pm to 6 am at all the locations in the study area.

3.8.3 Instruments used for Monitoring

Noise levels were measured using integrated sound level meter manufactured by Quest Technologies, USA (Model No.2900). The integrating sound level meter is an integrating / logging type with Octave filter attachment (model OB-100) with frequency range of 31.5 to 16000 Hz. This instrument is capable of measuring the Sound Pressure Level (SPL), Leq and octave band frequency analysis.

3.8.4 Parameters measured during Monitoring

For noise levels measured over a given period of time interval, it is possible to describe important features of noise using statistical quantities. This is calculated using the percent of the time certain noise levels are exceeding the time interval. The notation for the statistical quantities of noise levels are described below:

 L10 is the noise level exceeded by 10 per cent of the time;  L50 is the noise level exceeded by 50 per cent of the time ; and  L90 is the noise level exceeded by 90 per cent of the time.

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Equivalent Sound Pressure Level (Leq)

The Leq is the equivalent continuous sound level which is equivalent to the same sound energy as the actual fluctuating sound measured in the same period. This is necessary because sound from noise source often fluctuates widely during a given period of time.

This is calculated from the following equation:

2 (L10 - L90) Leq = L50 + ------60

Lday is defined as the equivalent noise level measured over a period of time during day (6 am to 10 pm).

Lnight is defined as the equivalent noise level measured over a period of time during night (10 pm to 6 am). A noise rating developed by Environmental protection Agency (EPA) for specification of community noise from all the sources is the Day-Night Sound Level, (Ldn).

Day-Night Sound Level (Ldn)

The noise rating developed for community noise from all sources is the Day-Night Sound Level (Ldn). It is similar to a 24 hr equivalent sound level except that during night time period (10 pm to 6 am) a 10 dB (A) weighting penalty is added to the instantaneous sound level before computing the 24 hr average.

This night time penalty is added to account for the fact that noise during night when people usually sleep is judged as more annoying than the same noise during the day time. The Ldn for a given location in a community may be calculated from the hourly Leq, by the following equation.

Ld/10 (Ln+10)/10 Ldn = 10 log {1/24[16(10 ) + 8 (10 )]}

Where Ld is the equivalent sound level during the daytime (6 am to 10 pm) and Ln is the equivalent sound level during the night time (10 pm to 6 am).

3.8.5 Presentation of results

The statistical analysis is done for measured noise levels at ten locations. The parameters are analysed for L10, L50, L90, Leq, Lday, Lnight and Ldn. The statistical analysis results monitored during the study period (i.e. May to July 2019) are given in Table - 3.21.

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TABLE - 3.21 NOISE LEVELS IN THE STUDY AREA

Code Location Land Use L10 L50 L90 Leq Lday Lnight Ldn N1 Plant site Industrial 66.5 59.5 56.8 61.1 58.0 53.8 61.1 N2 Vellipalyam Residential 49.5 46.8 45.4 47.1 44.2 40.5 47.7 N3 Lingapuram Residential 48.5 47.2 46.1 47.3 43.8 39.5 46.8 N4 Sirumugai Residential 59.1 58.0 56.9 58.1 51.2 43.8 54.9 N5 Mottepalayam Residential 46.5 41.7 41.1 42.2 42.5 38.9 46.0 N6 Ummaipalaym Residential 45.5 43.2 40.2 43.7 40.3 37.2 44.2 N7 Mettupalayam Commercial 60.0 56.0 54.1 56.6 54.7 48.6 56.6 N8 Gandhiyur Residential 40.9 40.4 35.9 40.8 37.9 30.5 39.1

TABLE - 3.22 AMBIENT AIR QUALITY STANDARDS IN RESPECT OF NOISE

Limits in dB(A) Day time Night time Category of Area/Zone (6.00 am to 10.00 pm) (10.00 pm to 6.00 am) Observed Limits Observed Limits Industrial Area 58.0 75 53.8 70 Commercial Area 54.7 65 48.6 55 Residential Area 37.9-51.2 55 30.5-43.8 45

3.8.6 Observation of Results

 Daytime Noise Levels (Lday)

Residential Zone: The daytime noise levels in all the residential & other locations were observed to be in the range of 37.9 dB (A) to 51.2 dB (A). The noise levels at all the locations were below the permissible limits of 55 dB (A).

Commercial Zone: The daytime noise level in the industrial location was observed to be as 54.7 dB (A), which was below the permissible limits of 65 dB (A).

Industrial Zone: The daytime noise level in the industrial location was observed to be as 58.0 dB (A), which was below the permissible limits of 75 dB (A).

 Night Time Noise Levels (Lnight)

Residential Zone: The night time noise levels in all the residential zone were observed to be in the range of 30.5 dB (A) to 43.8 dB (A). The noise levels at all the locations were below the permissible limits of 45 dB (A).

Commercial Zone: The daytime noise level in the industrial location was observed to be as 48.6 dB (A), which was below the permissible limits of 55 dB (A).

Industrial Zone: The daytime noise level in the industrial location was observed to be as 53.8 dB (A), which was below the permissible limits of 70 dB (A).

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Legend

Noise Sampling locations

FIGURE - 3.18 NOISE SAMPLING LOCATIONS

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3.9 ECOLOGY AND BIODIVERSITY

Introduction:

Ecological evaluation aims at developing and applying methodologies to assess the relevance of an area for nature conservation. As such, it is to support the assessment of the impact of a proposed development by providing guidance on how to describe the ecological features within the area affected, how to value them, and how to predict the value losses caused by the development. The evaluation of the ecological significance of an area can be undertaken from different perspectives and consequently with different objectives. One of such perspectives focuses on the conservation of the biological diversity or biodiversity. Among the human activities that pose the highest threat to the conservation of biodiversity are the developmental projects in particular. Such projects represent artificial elements that cut through the landscape and interfere with the natural habitat and its conditions by emissions that may be solid, liquid and or gaseous. This in turn influences the abundance and distribution of plant and animal species, i.e., the biodiversity of the areas impacted.

Most of the background data needs to be acquired from the governmental agencies or the scientific literature. This information is typically complemented by field visit, site surveys and sample collection. The description of the actual ecological assessment provided by the ecological baseline study serves to set a reference for the subsequent impact analysis. Moreover, it helps decision-makers and EIA reviewers to become familiar with the environmental features and the needs of the study area.

Site Details

The total area of the project site is 3.78 ha under the ownership of M/s ENCEE AROMATICS (P) LIMITED at Mettupalayam, Coimbatore. The entire area is under the use and control of the company. 1.35 Ha (35.7%) is under the greenbelt. The site is located in a valley with hill forests on two sides and Padmavati River, a major tributary of river Cauvery on the northern side. The entire Northern part of the buffer zone is fully covered by the plantations of areca nut, coconut and banana along with timber trees like teak while the southern part is relatively dry where curry leaf is extensively grown along with banana, vegetables and fodder crops. The following reserved forests (RF), water bodies, Biosphere reserve and Wildlife Corridors are found in the buffer zone of 10 Km radius shown in Table-3.23.

TABLE - 3.23 RESERVED FOREST / WATERBODY PRESENT IN THE 10 KM BUFFER ZONE

Direction with Name of Forest or water body Wildlife Shortest reference to the corridor distance in Km project site Odandurai RF Northwest 1.3 Jakkanare Slopes RF Northwest 3.3 Nellimalai RF Southwest 6.2 Hulikal Drug RF West southwest 9.5 Nilgiri Biosphere Reserve (buffer zone) North Northeast 3.5 Wildlife corridor: Elephant and bison corridor North Northeast 3.5 River (Bhavani River) North Adjacent Lake (Belladhi Lake) South 7.3

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Status of the existing greenbelt:

About 1.35 ha of the total project site of 3.78 ha is under the greenbelt as shown in Table- 3.24, there are a total 692 large trees in the greenbelt, block plantations and avenue plantations. Teak alone accounts for a total of 84% of all trees. Avenue trees are large and healthy. TABLE – 3.24 LIST OF TREES GROWN IN THE EXISTING GREENBELT

Scientific name Common or Local name Number Albizia lebbeck Siris /Vagai 11 Azadirachta indica Neem 18 Bauhinia racemosa Atti 2 Chamaedorea seifrizii Bamboo palm 32 Citrus aurantium Nagpur Orange 4 Cocos nucifera Coconut Palms 10 Crateva religiosa Purasai 1 Ficus elastica Rubber plant 1 Mangifera indica Mango 9 Michelia champac Champa 2 Millingtonia hortensis Kat-malli 4 Nyctanthes arbor-tristis Parijath 1 Plumeria alba Nela sampangi 6 Plumeria rubra Nela sampangi 2 Santalum album Mysore Sandal (VU) 2 Syzygium cumini Jamun 3 Tectona grandis Teak 581 Terminalia catappa Almond 1 Wrightia tinctoria Paalai 2 Total trees 692 Saplings of trees grown in Nursery Areaca catechu Atai-k-kay 2000 Azadirachta indica Neem 20 Cocos nucifera Coconut 500 Dalberiga sissoo Shisham 10 Garcinia mangostana Mangostein 10 Michelia champak Sambagan 5 Piper nigrum Black Pepper 100 Pterocarpus santalinus Red sanders /Santhana Vengai 10 Tectona grandis Teak 100 Total saplings in nursery 2755

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FIGURE - 3.19 EXISTING GREENBELT IN PLANT PREMISES

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Vegetation and Flora of the Project Site: Baseline Data

The study area includes the project site or the core area of 3.78 ha and the buffer zone extending up to 10 Km radius. The entire core areas were thoroughly surveyed for flora and fauna. Information provided by the employees with regard to fauna was also taken in to consideration. As far as the buffer zone is concerned, all kinds’ plantations, croplands, wastelands and forest areas were surveyed for the collection of primary data. But in case of the Nilgiri Biosphere Reserve (NBR), hundreds of pictures are taken while travelling slowly by roads and the pictures are analysed for capturing the details since there was no permission to undertake any survey in the NBR. The core area of the NBR is about 10 Km from the project site while the buffer zone of the NBR is just about 2.3 Km. NBR is one of the important Centres of Biodiversity and it is also a hotspot. Hence, NBR received due scientific attention from the premier institutions like the Zoological Survey of India (ZSI), Botanical Survey of India (BSI), Forest Research Institute (FRI), and several scientific organizations and universities. Hence, there is quite a lot of research output and valid scientific data. But all that data and information may mean nothing when it comes to a relatively small area of the buffer zone, which is limited to the foot of the hills and buffer zone of the NBR. Downloading and dumping the entire information from the NBR may only create more confusion than clarity. Hence, using elimination filters basing on the observations made; circumstantial evidence and the information given by the farmers, appropriate lists of flora and fauna most relevant to the study area are prepared.

Brief outlines about the NBR

NBR is very rich in endemics and endemism. According to TNENVIS (2016), the Nilgiri Biosphere Reserve was established in Sept 1986 by UNESCO and was declared a World Heritage site in 2012. It was the first biosphere reserve of India and there are only 34 such bio diversity hot spots in the world. The reserve encompasses a total of 7 Wildlife Sanctuaries including 4 tiger reserves, 2 National parks and 1 wildlife sanctuary covering 3 states of Tamil Nadu, Karnataka and Kerala with an area over 5,500 sq.Km that includes

1. Bandipur National Park, Karnataka; 2. Nagarahole National Park, Karnataka; 3. Mudumalai Wildlife Sanctuary, Tamil Nadu; 4. Mukurthi National Park, Tamil Nadu; 5. Sathyamangalam Wildlife Sanctuary, Tamil Nadu; 6. Silent Valley National Park, Kerala; and 7. Wayanad Wildlife Sanctuary, Kerala.

Vegetation

The Nilgiri Biosphere Reserve comprises of substantial unspoilt areas of natural vegetation ranging from dry scrub to evergreen forests and swamps thus contributing to highest biodiversity. The altitude and climatic gradients support and nourish the following vegetational types.

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TABLE – 3.25 VEGETATIONAL TYPES OF NILGIRI BIOSPHERE RESERVE

Forest type Nature of vegetation Area of occurrence Moist Evergreen Dense, moist and multi storeyed In the narrow valleys of Silent forests forest with gigantic tree Valley Semi-evergreen Moist and deciduous Nilambur and Palghat division forests Thorn forests Dense North east part of Nilgiri District Savanna woodland Trees scattered amid woodland Mudumalai and Bandipur Sholas and High elevated evergreen with South and Western Catchment grasslands grasslands area, Makurthi National Park

Flora

The Nilgiri Biosphere Reserve is very rich in plant diversity. It is a home for about 3,238 species of flowering plants, 71 species of Gymnosperms, 134 species of Pteridophytes. Of the 3,300 species 132 are endemic to the Nilgiri Biosphere Reserve. The genus Baeolepis is exclusively endemic to the Nilgiris. Some of the plants entirely restricted to the Nilgiri Biosphere Reserve include species of Adenoon, Calacanthus, Baeolepis, Frerea, Jarodina, Wagatea, Poeciloneuron, etc. Out of the 175 species of orchids found in the Nilgiri Biosphere Reserve, 8 are endemic to the Nilgiri Biosphere Reserve. These include endemic and endangered species of Vanda, Liparis, Bulbophyllum, Spiranthes and Thrixspermum. The sholas of the Nilgiri Biosphere Reserve are a treasure house of rare plant species.

Fauna

The fauna of the Nilgiri Biosphere Reserve includes over 100 species of mammals, 350 species of birds, 80 species of reptiles and amphibians, 300 species of butterflies and innumerable invertebrates. 39 species of fish, 31 amphibians and 60 species of reptiles endemic to the Western Ghats also occur in the Nilgiri Biosphere Reserve. Fresh water fish such as Danio neilgheriensis, Hypselobarbus dubuis and Puntius bovanicus are restricted to the Nilgiri Biosphere Reserve. The Nilgiri tahr, Nilgiri langur, slender loris, blackbuck, tiger, gaur, Indian elephant and marten are some of the animals found here.

The biosphere reserve includes the 7 wildlife sanctuaries mentioned above. All of them are very far away from the core area. Based on the primary survey of all the areas listed in Table 3.23, a list of plantations and plantation crops in the buffer zone is given in Table 3.26. A list of trees, shrubs, perennial climbers and herbs found in the buffer zone is given in Table 3.27. Among the plants in Table 3.27, Swietenia macrophylla and Santalum album are included under the VU (Vulnerable) category by the IUCN.

TABLE – 3.26 LIST OF PLANTATION CROPS IN THE BUFFER ZONE

Scientific name of the plant Common / local name Family Commercial plantations / crops Areca catechu Areca nut Arecaceae Cocos nucifera Coconut Arecaceae Mangifera indica Mango Anacardiaceae Murraya koenigii Curry leaf Rutaceae Musa paradisiaca Banana Musaceae Myristica fragrance Nutmeg Myristicaceae Vimta Labs Limited, Hyderabad/Coimbatore C3-54 Environmental Impact Assessment for the proposed expansion of Synthetic/Natural Organic Aromatic Plant at Chikadasampalayam Village, Mettupalayam Taluk, Coimbatore District, Tamil Nadu Chapter - 3 Description of Environment

Psidium guajava Guava Myrtaceae Punica granatum Pomegranate Punicaceae Saccharum officinarum Sugarcane Poaceae Timber Trees Melia dubia Malabar Neem Meliaceae Swietenia macrophylla Big leaf Mahogany (VU) Meliaceae Tectona grandis Teak Verbenaceae Pulpwood Trees Casuarina equisetifolia Casuarina Casuarinaceae Eucalyptus tereticornis Eucalyptus / Nirgiri Myrtaceae

TABLE - 3.27 LIST OF PLANTS FOUND IN THE BUFFER ZONE

Scientific name Local / Common name Family Abrus precatorius Gundu mani Fabaceae Abutilon indicum Thuthi Malvaceae Acacia chundra Karangali Mimosaceae Acacia nilotica Karu vela Mimosaceae Acacia pennata Vellai indu Mimosaceae Acacia planifrons Umbrella thorn Mimosaceae Acacia sinuata Seeyakkai Mimosaceae Acalypha fruticosa Aathaathazhai, Seethaatthazhai Euphorbiaceae Acalypha indica* Kuppaimaeni, Naai kurungu Euphorbiaceae Acanthospermum hispidum Kombumul, Mullu chedi Asteraceae Achyranthes aspera* Uthrani Amaranthaceae Acorus calamus Vasambu Araceae Aegle marmelos Vilvam Rutaceae Aerva javanica Desert cotton Amaranthaceae Aerva lanata* Koola poo, Poolai poo Amaranthaceae Agave america Agave Agavaceae Ageratum conyzoides Pampillu Asteraceae Ailanthus excelsa Perumaram Simaroubaceae Alangium salviifolium Alangi Alangiaceae Albizia amara Unja, Usilai Mimosaceae Albizia lebbeck Vagai Mimosaceae Alternanthera sessilis* Poonnankannikeerai Amaranthaceae Amaranthus caudatus Thandu keerai Amaranthaceae Amaranthus graecizans Sillu keerai Amaranthaceae Amaranthus spinosus* Mullu keerai Amaranthaceae Amaranthus viridis* Kuppai keerai Amaranthaceae Anisochilus scaber Sambrani poo Lamiaceae Anisomeles malabarica Peymarutti Lamiaceae Anogeissus latifolia Vekk aali, Vellainagai Combretaceae Antidesma zeylanicum Amati Euphorbiaceae Areca catechu Areca nut Arecaceae Argemone mexicana Mullu umathai Papaveraceae Argyreia cuneata Vettai chedi, Kanvali poo Convolvulaceae Arundo donax Elephant grass Poaceae Asclepias curassavica Blood Flower Asclepiadaceae Asparagus racemosus Thaneervittaan kizhangu, Liliaceae Kadamoolam Atalantia monophylla Kattu naarangam, Kattu Rutaceae elumeachi Azadirachta indica Veppa, Vembu Meliaceae Vimta Labs Limited, Hyderabad/Coimbatore C3-55 Environmental Impact Assessment for the proposed expansion of Synthetic/Natural Organic Aromatic Plant at Chikadasampalayam Village, Mettupalayam Taluk, Coimbatore District, Tamil Nadu Chapter - 3 Description of Environment

Scientific name Local / Common name Family Bacopa monnieri Nilappachai Scrophulariaceae Bambusa arundinacea Mungil, Periya mungil Poaceae Barleria prionitis Shemmuli, Kattu Kangaambaram Acanthaceae Basella alba Pasalaikeerai, Paasaangalli Basellaceae Bauhinia racemosa Archi, Atti Caesalpiniaceae Bidens pilosa Mukkuthi Asteraceae Bischofia javanica Thondi, Milachityan Bischofiaceae Bixa orellana Kunguma poo, Senthuram Bixaceae Blepharis maderaspatensis Kozhimookkan, Kooravaal chedi Acanthaceae Boerhavia diffusa* Mookkaratti, Sarandai, Saarai Nyctaginaceae Bombax ceiba Mullilavu Bombacaceae Boswellia serrata Kungiliyam Burseraceae Caesalpinia bonduc Kalichikai Caesalpiniaceae Calotropis gigantea Yerukku, Arkkam Asclepiadaceae Calotropis procera * Yerukku Asclepiadaceae Canavalia mollis Segapu Fabaceae Canthium coromandelicum Mullukaarai, Theravai Rubiaceae Canthium dicoccum Nekkini, Irambaranthan Rubiaceae Capparis sepiaria Kaatukathiri, Thoratti Capparaceae Capparis zeylanica Suduthoratti, Morandan, Capparaceae Ekkathari Caralluma attenuata Kallimulaiyaam Asclepiadaceae Caralluma umbellata Kallimulaiyaam, Kalmulaiyan, Asclepiadaceae Sirunkalli, Cardiospermum halicacabum Modakanthan keerai Sapindaceae

Carissa carandas Killeekkaai Apocynaceae Carissa spinarum Sirukilaa Apocynaceae Carmona retusa Kurangu vethilai, Kurinjaa chedi Cordiaceae Cassia auriculata Aavaram Caesalpiniaceae Cassia didymobotrya Kariavaram Caesalpiniaceae Cassia fistula Sarakonnai Caesalpiniaceae Cassia occidentalis* Payaveri Caesalpiniaceae Cassia sophera Sulari Caesalpiniaceae Cassia tora* Tagrai Caesalpiniaceae Cassine glauca Kaneera, Karuvali, Khiri Celastraceae Celosia argentea Makilikkeerai, Pannaipoo Amaranthaceae Celtis philippensis Ellumbiruthi, Kodaalimuriki Ulmaceae

Celtis tetrandra Kallai, Kadalai, Padhwa Ulmaceae Cestrum aurentiacum Cestrum Solanaceae Chloroxylon swietenia Purush, Porasu, Vaaimaram, Rutaceae Mammarai Chromolaena odorata Naraigeda Asteraceae Cipadessa baccifera Pulippanchedi, Savattu chedi Meliaceae Cissus quadrangularis Perandai Vitaceae Cissus vitiginea Cempirantai, mutainari Vitaceae Cleome felina Cleome Capparaceae Cleome gynandra Nallavelai Capparaceae Cleome viscosa* Naivelai, Naikadugu Capparaceae Cochlospermum religiosum Tanaku, Kongillane Cochlospermaceae Cocos nucifera Coconut Arecaceae Combretum albidum Odai kodi, Veragai Combretaceae Commelina benghalensis Aduthinnathalai, Kanavazhar Commelinaceae

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Scientific name Local / Common name Family Commelina ensifolia Onaligai Commelinaceae Commiphora berryi Mulkilluvai Burseraceae Cordia gharaf Sirunaruvuli, Narivirian Cordiaceae Cordia wallichii Pazhan thekku, Kokkaimani Cordiaceae Crotalaria pallida Jelligai mollai Fabaceae Croton bonplandianus Rail pindu, Aathuppoondu Euphorbiaceae Curcuma pseudomontana Kattu manjal Zingiberaceae Cuscuta chinensis China Dodder Convolvulaceae Cynodon dactylon* Arugam pillu Poaceae Dalbergia latifolia Eeti, Thodagathi, Tawadi Fabaceae Datura metel Karu Umathai Solanaceae Dendrocalamus strictus Kal mungil Poaceae Dichrostachys cinerea Vadathalla Mimosaceae Dioscorea oppositifolia Verrolaivalli, Malayan Dioscoreaceae kizhangukkodi Dioscorea pentaphylla Chedukundi Dioscoreaceae Dioscorea tomentosa Nalvaelikizhangu, Shaval Kilangu Dioscoreaceae Diospyros montana Vakkanatthi, Karunthuvalisu Ebenaceae Entada rheedii Yanaikozhinji, Irikki Mimosaceae Eriolaena hookeriana Uduppai Sterculiaceae

Erythrina suberosa Mullumurungu Fabaceae Erythroxylum monogynum Devadara, Sembulichan Erythroxylaceae Euphorbia antiquorum Chaturakalli Euphorbiaceae Euphorbia heterophylla Lesser Green Poinsettia Euphorbiaceae Euphorbia hirta* Amman pacharisi Euphorbiaceae Euphorbia neriifolia Elaikalli , Perumbu kalli Euphorbiaceae Euphorbia trigona Mundukali Euphorbiaceae Evolvulus alsinoides* Vishnu kiranthi Convolvulaceae Ficus benghalensis Ala Moraceae Ficus microcarpa Kal ichi, Kal atthi Moraceae Ficus mollis Kattu arasu, Ichchi, Kal ichchi Moraceae Ficus racemos Atti, Vellai atthi, Nalla atthi Moraceae Ficus religiosa Arasa maram Moraceae Ficus virens Ichchi, Malai ichchi Moraceae Flueggea leucopyrus Madhuppullaanthi, Vellaipoola Euphorbiaceae Gardenia gummifera Kambil, Vellapaavattaa Rubiaceae Gisekia pharnaceoides Manal keerai Aizoaceae Gloriosa superba Kalaippaik kizhangu, Kannuvalik Liliaceae kodi Glycosmis pentaphylla Kulu pannai Rutaceae Gmelina arborea Kumalaa Verbenaceae Gmelina asiatica Sirukumalaan, Mul kumizh Verbenaceae

Grewia flavescens Semparandai Tiliaceae Grewia hirsuta Kalunnu Tiliaceae Grewia rhamnifolia Kothi puduka, Erattali kalli Tiliaceae Grewia tiliifolia Thadasu palam, Thadachi Tiliaceae Gyrocarpus americanus Vallai Thanuku, Kaathadi Hernandiaceae Helicteres isora Valamburi, Idamburi, Kaiva Sterculiaceae Hemidesmus indicus Nannari, Suganthi paalaa Asclepiadaceae Hibiscus micranthus Ottai kallai, Kallai chedi Malvaceae Hiptage benghalensis Kurkatikodi, Karipakkukodi Malpighiaceae Holoptelea integrifolia Aavimaram, Tambachi Ulmaceae

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Scientific name Local / Common name Family Hybanthus enneaspermus Rattan Purush / Spade Flower Violaceae Ipomoea hederifolia Kanavali kodi Convolvulaceae Ipomoea obscura Siruthaali Convolvulaceae Ipomoea quamoclit Mayil maanikam Convolvulaceae Ipomoea staphylina Onan kodi Convolvulaceae Ixora pavetta Shulundu, Korivi Rubiaceae Jasminum bignoniaceum Trumpet Jasmine Oleaceae Jasminum trichotomum Kattumalli Oleaceae Jatropha glandulifera Vellaikattukottai Euphorbiaceae Kalanchoe grandiflora Kappu geda Crassulaceae Kydia calycina Vattakannu Malvaceae Lagascea mollis Kuppai chedi Asteraceae Lagerstroemia lanceolata Ventheak Lythraceae Lagerstroemia parviflora Nari naval, Matharaa, Kadaa Lythraceae Lagerstroemia reginae Pu maruthu, Kadalai Lythraceae Lantana camara Unni chedi Verbenaceae Lantana wightiana Jujeki Verbenaceae Lawsonia inermis Marudani Lythraceae Leucas aspera* Thumbai Lamiaceae Limonia acidissima Vila Rutaceae Madhuca indica Kattu illupai Sapotaceae Maesa indica Peria unni, Thappa chedi Myrsinaceae Mangifera indica Maa Anacardiaceae Manilkara hexandra Kannupala, Ulakkaipaalai Sapotaceae Martynia annua Thael kodukkukai, Kaakkaa Pedaliaceae Maytenus emarginata Thandisamaram/Mulmaram Celastraceae Melia dubia Malaivembu Meliaceae Mimosa pudica Thotta Surungi Mimosaceae Mirabilis jalaba Anthimantharai, Kanvali chedi Nyctaginaceae Mitragyna parvifolia Neer kadambai, Chinna kadamb Rubiaceae Morinda coreia Nuna Rubiaceae Moringa concanensis Kattu murungai Moringaceae Mucuna pruriens Poonaikaali Fabaceae Murraya paniculata Mock Orange Rutaceae Naringi crenulata Mega vilvam Rutaceae Nicandra physaloides Gumtae Solanaceae Ocimum tenuiflorum* Nai thulasi Lamiaceae Olea dioica Edana Oleaceae Opuntia monacantha Kalli Cactaceae Opuntia stricta Chappathi kali Cactaceae Orthosiphon thymiflorus Thyme Java Tea Lamiaceae Oxalis corniculate* Puliarai Oxalidaceae Pachygone ovata Kattukodi Menispermaceae Parthenium hysterophorus Keepa geda/Bhoothkeda Asteraceae Pergularia daemia Vaelipparuthi, Seendhal kodi Asclepiadaceae Persea macrantha Kolamavu Lauraceae Phoenix loureirii Malai eecham, Chiru eecham Arecaceae Phyllanthus acidus Star Gooseberry Phyllanthaceae Phyllanthus amarus Kizhar nelli Phyllanthaceae Phyllanthus emblica Amla Phyllanthaceae Pleiospermium alatum Kurnthumullthalai Rutaceae Plumbago zeylanica Kodivaeli, Chithiramoolam Plumbaginaceae Polygonum glabrum Actalaree, Sivappu Kumbakodaali Polygonaceae Pongamia pinnata Ponga maram Fabaceae Vimta Labs Limited, Hyderabad/Coimbatore C3-58 Environmental Impact Assessment for the proposed expansion of Synthetic/Natural Organic Aromatic Plant at Chikadasampalayam Village, Mettupalayam Taluk, Coimbatore District, Tamil Nadu Chapter - 3 Description of Environment

Scientific name Local / Common name Family Portulaca oleracea Vazhukkaikeerai, Pasalekeerai Portulacaceae Premna tomentosa Kolakkatti thekku, Malai thekku Verbenaceae

Priva cordifolia Bellia ottai Verbenaceae Prosopis juliflora Vaelikaruvai Mimosaceae Pterocarpus marsupium Vengai Fabaceae Pterolobium hexapetalum Karu indu Caesalpiniaceae Radermachera xylocarpa Maankombu, Vedankuruani Bignoniaceae Randia candolleana Peria karai Rubiaceae Randia dumetorum Mathukaarai, Maarivalam Rubiaceae Rhus mysorensis Neyyikiluvai, Chippa maram Anacardiaceae Rivea hypocrateriformis Musuttai kodi, Budthi kiray Convolvulaceae Salix tetrasperma Neernochi, Neer vanji Salicaceae Sansevieria roxburghiana Mottamanji, Marul Agavaceae Santalum album (VU) Srigandam Santalaceae Sapindus emarginata Puchaa, Poovan Kotti Sapindaceae Sarcostemma intermedium Pasandi kodi, Mosurguduka Asclepiadaceae Schefflera stellata Pei maratti Araliaceae Schleichera oleosa Schleichera oleosa Sapindaceae Schrebera swietenioides Mogalinga, Pasari Oleaceae Scilla hyacinthina Narivengayam, Kattuvengayam Liliaceae Secamone emetica Angaravalli, Siruathankodi Asclepiadaceae Semecarpus anacardicium Cheran kottai, Shenkottai, Anacardiaceae Thembarai Shorea roxburghii Talura, Talari, Kungiliyam Dipterocarpaceae Sida cordifolia* Ottumolai, Ottumar chedi Malvaceae Sida rhombifolia* Chitha mutti, Karisalanganni Malvaceae Solanum surattense Gulakai, Sundaka Solanaceae Solanum torvum Soondai Solanaceae Soymida febrifuga Shem, Somi, Sittathi Meliaceae Stachytarpheta jamaicensis Seemainaayuruvi Verbenaceae Stereospermum personatum Poopadiri, Paadhalaamaram Bignoniaceae Strobilanthes cuspidata Strobilanthes Acanthaceae Strychnos nux-vomica Yetti, Kanjaram Loganiaceae Strychnos potatorum Tattan kottei, Kal kottei Loganiaceae Swietenia macrophylla (VU) Big leaf Mahogany Meliaceae Syzygium cumini Naval Myrtaceae Tamarindus indica Puli Caesalpiniaceae Tarenna asiatica Kura, Tharani Rubiaceae Tectona grandis Thaekku, Thanagaa Verbenaceae Tephrosia purpurea Kattukozhinji, Avuri Fabaceae Terminalia arjuna Vella marudu, Kula maruthu Combretaceae Terminalia bellerica Tani, Tandi Combretaceae Terminalia catappa Almond Combretaceae Terminalia chebula Kadukkai Combretaceae Terminalia crenulata Karu maruthu Combretaceae Terminalia paniculata Puluvai, Pekarakai, Vem maruthu Combretaceae Thevetia peruviana Ponnarali, Thiruvachipoo Apocynaceae Tithonia diversifolia Kattu suryakanthi Asteraceae Toddalia asiatica Kindumullu Rutaceae Toona ciliata Santhana vembu, Thera tharam Meliaceae Trema orientalis Ambarathi, Tachaamaram Ulmaceae Tribulus terrestris* Palleru mullu Zygophyllaceae Trichodesma indicum Kali thumbae, Kaasi thumbae Boraginaceae Vimta Labs Limited, Hyderabad/Coimbatore C3-59 Environmental Impact Assessment for the proposed expansion of Synthetic/Natural Organic Aromatic Plant at Chikadasampalayam Village, Mettupalayam Taluk, Coimbatore District, Tamil Nadu Chapter - 3 Description of Environment

Scientific name Local / Common name Family Tridax procumbens* Seruppadithazhai, Asteraceae Kenathuppoondu Triumfetta annua Karottai Tiliaceae Triumfetta rhomboidea Ottarai Tiliaceae Tylophora indica Nangilaippiraptai, Paalai keerai Asclepiadaceae Urena lobata Ottatti Malvaceae Viburnum punctatum Konakaran Caprifoliaceae Vitex altissima Mayilaadi, Mayalai nochi Verbenaceae Vitex negundo Nalla nochi Verbenaceae Wattakaka volubilis Kodi palai, Kurinja Asclepiadaceae Wendlandia thyrsoidea Kadambam, Aenaa, Thekkili Rubiaceae Wrightia tinctoria Veppalai, irumpaalai, Nila palai Apocynaceae Xanthium indicum Ottarchedi Asteraceae *Some of the herbs and weeds listed hereunder were also found in the core area. Those who were found in the core area are indicated by *. VU means vulnerable

Terrestrial Fauna of the Study Area

The core area is not a habitat for any Rare or endangered or threatened (RET) wildlife. Only a family of Monkey were present on trees in the core area. Common rodents, reptiles and birds were seen. There was nothing unusual or special about the wild fauna of the core area. But the buffer zone is a rich habitat for wildlife. Within 5 Km from the core area, Elephant and Bison corridor is there. Areas where Elephant and wildlife cross the roads are indicated by warning signs erected by the forest and wildlife department. Such areas could be found as close as 4 Km from the project site. Rhesus monkeys could be seen everywhere and indeed they have become pests in that area. Langur monkeys were also common. Among the large birds, Peacocks were found both in the forest and non-forest areas. A list of vertebrates other than Aves that were either spotted or reported from the study area is given in Table – 3.28. A list of terrestrail birds that were spotted and those that were recorded from the study area is given in Table 3.29.

TABLE – 3.28 LIST OF TERRESTRIAL VERTEBRATES OTHER THAN BIRDS REPORTED / RECORDED / SPOTTED FROM THE STUDY AREA

Scientific name Common name Family IUCN / WPA MAMMALS Axis axis Spotted Deer Cervidae LC /III Bandicota bengalensis Lesser Bandicoot Rat Hystricidae LC/ IV Bandicota indica Greater Bandicoot Rat Hystricidae LC/ IV Bos gaurus Indian Bison Cervidae VU /I Canis aureus Golden Jackal Canidae LC/ II Cynopterus sphinx Greater Short-nosed Fruit Pteropodidae LC /IV Bat Elephas maximus Asian Elephant Elephantidae EN /I Felis chaus Jungle Cat Felidae LC /III Funambulus palmarum Three-striped Palm Sciuridae LC/ IV Squirrel Funambulus tristriatus Jungle-striped Squirrel Sciuridae LC/ IV Herpestes edwardsii Grey Mongoose Herpestidae LC/ IV Hystrix indica Indian Porcupine Hystricidae LC/ IV Lepus nigricollis Black napped Hare Leporidae LC/ IV Macaca mulatta Rhesus Macaque Cercopithecidae LC/ II Vimta Labs Limited, Hyderabad/Coimbatore C3-60 Environmental Impact Assessment for the proposed expansion of Synthetic/Natural Organic Aromatic Plant at Chikadasampalayam Village, Mettupalayam Taluk, Coimbatore District, Tamil Nadu Chapter - 3 Description of Environment

Scientific name Common name Family IUCN / WPA Macaca radiata Bonnet Macaque Cercopithecidae LC/ II Mus booduga Little Indian Field Mouse Hystricidae LC/ IV Panthera pardus Common Leopard Felidae NT / I Paradoxurus Small Indian Civet Viverridae LC/ II hermaphroditus Pteropus giganteus Indian Flying Fox Pteropodidae LC / III Rattus rattus House Rat Hystricidae LC/ IV Ratufa indica Indian Giant Squirrel Sciuridae LC/ IV Semnopithecus entellus Common Langur Cercopithecidae LC/ II Sus scrofa Wild Pig Suidae LC /III Trachypithecus johnii Nilgiri Langur Cercopithecidae VU /I Taters indica Indian Gerbil Hystricidae LC/ IV Vandeluria oleracea Long Tailed Tree Mouse Hystricidae LC/ IV Viverricula indica Asian Palm Civet Viverridae LC/ II REPTILES Ahaetulla pulverulenta Brown Vine Snake Colubridae LC /II Amphiesma stolatum Buff-striped Keelback Colubridae LC /II Calotes rouxii Roux's Forest Calotes Agamidae LC /IV

Calotes versicolor Indian Garden Lizard Agamidae LC /IV Dendrelaphis tristis Common Bronzeback Tree Colubridae LC /II Snake Draco dussumieri Western Ghats Flying Agamidae LC /IV Lizard Echis carinatus Saw-scaled Viper Colubridae LC /II Eutropis carinata Keeled / Common Grass Scincidae LC /IV Skink Eutropis macularia Bornze Grass Skink Scincidae LC /IV Hemidactylus brooki Brooke's House Gecko Geckonidae LC /IV Hemidactylus flaviviridis House Gecko Geckonidae LC /IV Hemidactylus frenatus Asian House Gecko Geckonidae LC /IV Hemidactylus leschnaulti Bark Gecko Geckonidae LC /IV Naja naja Spectacled Cobra Colubridae VU /II Ophiophagus hannah King Cobra Elapidae VU /II Ptyas mucosa Indian Rat Snake Colubridae LC /II Python molurus Indian Python Boidae VU /I Varanus bengalensis Common Indian Monitor Varanidae LC /I Lizard Xenochrophis piscator Checkered Keelback Water Colubridae LC /II Snake AMPHIBIANS Bufo scaber Furguson's Toad Bufonidae LC / IV Clinotarsus curtipes Bi-colored Frog Dicroglossidae LC / IV Duttaphrynus melanostictus Common Indian Toad Bufonidae LC / IV Euphlyctis cyanophylyctis Skittering Frog Dicroglossidae LC / IV Euphlyctis hexadactylus Indian green Frog Dicroglossidae LC / IV Hoplobatrachus crassus Jerdon's Bull Frog Dicroglossidae LC / IV Hoplobatrachus tigerinu Indian bull Frog Dicroglossidae LC / IV Indirana brachytarsus Short-legged Leaping frog Ranixalidae LC / IV Limnonectes limnocharis Paddyfield / Cricket Frog Dicroglossidae LC / IV Microhyla ornata Ornate Narrow-mouthed Microhylidae LC / IV Frog Sphaerotheca breviceps Indian Burrowing Frog Dicroglossidae LC / IV Sphaerotheca rolandea Southern Burrowing Frog Dicroglossidae LC / IV

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TABLE – 3.29 LIST OF TERRESTRIAL BIRDS EITHER REPORTED / RECORDED / OBSERVED IN THE STUDY AREA

Scientific name Common name Family IUCN / WPA Acridotheres fuscus Jungle Myna Sturnidae LC / IV Acridotheres tristis Common Myna Sturnidae LC / IV Acritillas indica Yellowbrowed Bulbul Pycnonotidae LC / IV Aegithina tiphia Common Iora Aegithinidae LC / IV Aerodramus unicolor Indian Swiftlet Apodidae LC / IV Alauda gulgula Oriental Skylark Alaudidae LC / IV Amandava amandava Red Avadavat Estrildidae LC / IV Ammomanes phoenicura Rufoustailed Lark Alaudidae LC / IV Anthus campestris Tawny Pipit Motacillidae LC / IV Anthus trivialis Tree Pipit Motacillidae LC / IV Apus affinis Little Swift Apodidae LC / IV Apus pacificus Pacific Swift Apodidae LC / IV Arachnothera longirostra Little Spiderhunter Nectariniidae LC / IV Artamus fuscus Ashy Wood swallow Artamidae LC / IV Athene brama Spotted owlet Strigidae LC / IV Butastur teesa White-eyed Buzzard Accipitridae LC /IV Cacomantis passerinus Greybellied Cuckoo Cuculidae LC / IV Calandrella brachydactyla Greater Shorttoed Lark Alaudidae LC / IV Carpodacus erythrinus Common Rosefinch Fringillidae LC / IV Cecropis daurica Redrumped Swallow Hirundinidae LC / IV Celeus brachyurus Rufous Woodpecker Picidae LC / IV Centropus sinensis Greater Coucal Cuculidae LC / IV Chalcophaps indica Emerald Dove Columbidae LC / IV Chloropsis aurifrons Golden fronted Leafbird Chloropseida LC / IV Chloropsis jerdoni Jerdon's Leafbird Chloropseida LC / IV Chrysocolaptes lucidus Greater Flameback Picidae LC / IV Chrysomma sinense Yelloweyed Babbler Timaliidae LC / IV Cinnyris asiaticus Purple Sunbird Nectariniidae LC / IV Clamator jacobinus Pied Cuckoo Cuculidae LC / IV Columba elphinstonii Nilgiri Wood Pigeon Columbidae VU / I Columba livia Rock Pigeon Columbidae LC / IV Copsychus malabaricus Whiterumped Shama Muscicapidae LC / IV Copsychus saularis Oriental MagpieRobin Muscicapidae LC / IV Coracias benghalensis Indian Roller Coraciidae LC / IV Coracina macei Large Cuckoo shrike Campephagidae LC / IV Coracina melanoptera Blackheaded Cuckooshrike Campephagidae LC / IV Corvus culminatus Indian Jungle Crow Corvidae LC / IV Corvus splendens House Crow Corvidae LC /V Cuculus micropterus Indian Cuckoo Cuculidae LC / IV Cyornis tickelliae Tickell's Blue Flycatcher Muscicapidae LC / IV Cypsiurus balasiensis Asian Palm Swift Apodidae LC / IV Dendrocitta vagabunda Rufous Treepie Corvidae LC / IV Dendrocopos mahrattensis Yellowcrowned Picidae LC / IV Woodpecker Dendrocopos nanus Browncapped Pygmy Picidae LC / IV Woodpecker Dendronanthus indicus Forest Wagtail Motacillidae LC / IV Dicaeum agile Thickbilled Flowerpecker Cuculidae LC / IV Dicaeum concolor Nilgiri Flowerpecker Cuculidae LC / IV Dicaeum erythrorhynchos Palebilled Flowerpecker Cuculidae LC / IV Vimta Labs Limited, Hyderabad/Coimbatore C3-62 Environmental Impact Assessment for the proposed expansion of Synthetic/Natural Organic Aromatic Plant at Chikadasampalayam Village, Mettupalayam Taluk, Coimbatore District, Tamil Nadu Chapter - 3 Description of Environment

Scientific name Common name Family IUCN / WPA Dicrurus aeneus Bronzed Drongo Cuculidae LC / IV Dicrurus caerulescens Whitebellied Drongo Cuculidae LC / IV Dicrurus leucophaeus Ashy Drongo Cuculidae LC / IV Dicrurus macrocercus Black Drongo Cuculidae LC / IV Dicrurus paradiseus Greater Rackettailed Cuculidae LC / IV Drongo Dinopium benghalense Blackrumped Flameback Picidae LC / IV

Dinopium javanensis Common Flamback Picidae LC / IV Ducula badia Mountain Imperial Pigeon Columbidae LC / IV Dumetia hyperythra Tawnybellied Babbler Timaliidae LC / IV Elanus caeruleus Blackwinged Kite Accipitridae LC /IV Eudynamys scolopaceus Asian Koel Cuculidae LC / IV Eumyias thalassinus Verditer Flycatcher Muscicapidae LC / IV Falco tinnunculus Common / Eurasian Falconidae LC / IV Kestrel Ficedula albicilla Taiga Flycatcher Muscicapidae LC / IV Ficedula superciliaris Ultramarine Flycatcher Muscicapidae LC / IV Galerida malabarica Malabar Lark Alaudidae LC / IV Galloperdix spadicea Red Spurfowl Phasianidae LC / IV Gallus sonneratii Grey Junglefowl Phasianidae LC / IV Glaucidium radiatum Jungle Owlet Strigidae LC / IV Haliastur indus Brahminy Kite Accipitridae LC /IV Harpactes fasciatus Malabar Trogon Trogonidae LC / IV Hemicircus canente Heartspotted Woodpecker Picidae LC / IV Hemiprocne coronata Crested Treeswift Hemiprocnidae LC / IV Hemipus picatus Bar winged Flycatcher- Campephagidae LC / IV shrike Hieroccycx varius Common HawkCuckoo Cuculidae LC / IV Hirundo rustica Barn Swallow Hirundinidae LC / IV Hirundo smithii Wiretailed Swallow Hirundinidae LC / IV Hypothymis azurea Blacknaped Monarch Monarchidae LC / IV Hypsipetes ganeesa Squaretailed Black Bulbul Pycnonotidae LC / IV Ictinaetus malayensis Black Eagle Accipitridae LC /IV Iduna aedon Thickbilled Warbler Sylviidae LC / IV Irena puella Asian Fairybluebird Irenidae LC / IV Lanius cristatus Brown Shrike Laniidae LC / IV Lanius schach Longtailed Shrike Laniidae LC / IV Leptocoma minima Small / Crimson backed Nectariniidae LC / IV Sunbird Leptocoma zeylonica Purple rumped Sunbird Nectariniidae LC / IV Locustella naevia Grasshopper Warbler Sylviidae LC / IV Lonchura malacca Tricoloured Munia Estrildidae LC / IV Lonchura punctulata Scaly breasted Munia Estrildidae LC / IV Lonchura striata Whiterumped Munia Estrildidae LC / IV Loriculus vernalis Vernal Hanging Parrot Psittacidae LC / IV Luscinia svecica Blue throat Muscicapidae LC / IV Megalaima haemacephala Coppersmith Barbet Megalaimidae LC / IV Megalaima malabarica Malabar Barbet Megalaimidae LC / IV Megalaima viridis Whitecheeked Barbet Megalaimidae LC / IV Megalaima zeylanica Brownheaded Barbet Megalaimidae LC / IV Merops leschenaulti Chestnut -headed Bee- Meropidae LC / IV eater Merops orientalis Green Bee-eater Meropidae LC / IV

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Scientific name Common name Family IUCN / WPA Merops philippinus Bluetailed Bee-eater Meropidae LC / IV Milvus migrans Black Kite Accipitridae LC /IV Motacilla cinerea Grey Wagtail Muscicapidae LC / IV Muscicapa dauurica Asian Brown Flycatcher Muscicapidae LC / IV Myophonus horsfieldii Malabar Whistling Thrush Turdidae LC / IV Nisaetus cirrhatus Crested Hawk Eagle Accipitridae LC /IV Nyctyornis athertoni Bluebearded Bee-eater Meropidae LC / IV Ocyceros birostris Indian Grey Hornbill Bucerotidae LC / IV Ocyceros griseus Malabar Grey Hornbill Bucerotidae LC / IV Oriolus kundoo Indian Golden Oriole Oriolidae LC / IV Oriolus xanthornus Black hooded Oriole Oriolidae LC / IV Orthotomus sutorius Common Tailorbird Sylviidae LC / IV Parus aplonotus Indian Yellow Tit Paridae LC / IV Passer domesticus House Sparrow Passeridae LC / IV Pavo cristatus Indian Peafowl Phasianidae LC / I Pellorneum ruficeps Puffthroated Babbler Timaliidae LC / IV Perdicula asiatica Jungle BushQuail Phasianidae LC / IV Pericrocotus cinnamomeus Small Minivet Campephagidae LC / IV Pericrocotus flammeus Orange Minivet Campephagidae LC / IV Pernis ptilorhyncus Oriental Honey Buzzard Aegithinidae LC /IV Petronia xanthocollis Yellow throated Sparrow Passeridae LC / IV Phaenicophaeus viridirostris Blue faced malkoha Cuculidae LC / IV Phylloscopus magnirostris Largebilled Leaf Warble Sylviidae LC / IV Phylloscopus nitidus Brightgreen Warbler Sylviidae LC / IV Phylloscopus occipitalis Western Crowned Leaf Sylviidae LC / IV Warbler Phylloscopus trochiloides Greenish Warbler Sylviidae LC / IV Picumnus innominatus Speckled Piculet Picidae LC / IV Pitta brachyura Indian Pitta Pittidae LC / IV Ploceus manyar Streaked Weaver Ploceidae LC / IV Ploceus philippinus Baya Weaver Ploceidae LC / IV Pomatorhinus horsfieldii Indian ScimitarBabbler Timaliidae LC / IV Prinia hodgsonii Greybreasted Prinia Cisticolidae LC / IV Prinia inornata Plain Prinia Cisticolidae LC / IV Prinia socialis Ashy Prinia Cisticolidae LC / IV Psittacula columboides Bluewinged Parakeet Psittacidae LC / IV Psittacula cyanocephala Plumheaded Parakeet Psittacidae LC / IV Psittacula krameri Roseringed Parakeet Psittacidae LC / IV Ptyonoprogne concolor Dusky CragMartin Hirundinidae LC / IV Pycnonotus cafer Redvented Bulbul Pycnonotidae LC / IV Pycnonotus gularis Flame-throated Bulbul Pycnonotidae LC / IV Pycnonotus jocosus Redwhiskered Bulbul Pycnonotidae LC / IV Pycnonotus luteolus Whitebrowed Bulbul Pycnonotidae LC / IV Rhipidura albogularis Whitespotted Fantail Rhipiduridae LC / IV Rhopocichla atriceps Darkfronted Babbler Timaliidae LC / IV Saxicola caprata Pied Bushchat Muscicapidae LC / IV Saxicoloides fulicatus Indian Robin Muscicapidae LC / IV Sitta frontalis Velvet fronted Nuthatch Sittidae LC / IV Spilopelia chinensis Spotted Dove Columbidae LC / IV Streptopelia decaocto Eurasian CollaredDove Columbidae LC / IV Streptopelia orientalis Oriental Turtle Dove Columbidae LC / IV Streptopelia tranquebarica Red Collared Dove Columbidae LC / IV Strix leptogrammica Brown Wood Owl Strigidae LC / IV Sturnia blythii Malabar Starling Sturnidae LC / IV Vimta Labs Limited, Hyderabad/Coimbatore C3-64 Environmental Impact Assessment for the proposed expansion of Synthetic/Natural Organic Aromatic Plant at Chikadasampalayam Village, Mettupalayam Taluk, Coimbatore District, Tamil Nadu Chapter - 3 Description of Environment

Scientific name Common name Family IUCN / WPA Sturnia malabarica Chestnut -tailed Starling Sturnidae LC / IV Sturnia pagodarum Brahminy Starling Sturnidae LC / IV Sturnus roseus Rosy Starling Sturnidae LC / IV Surniculus dicruroides Forktailed Drongo Cuckoo Cuculidae LC / IV Tephrodornis gularis Large Woodshrike Tephrodornithidae LC / IV Tephrodornis pondicerianus Common Woodshrike Tephrodornithidae LC / IV

Tephrodornis sylvicola Malabar Woodshrike Tephrodornithidae LC / IV Terpsiphone paradisi Asian ParadiseFlycatcher Monarchidae LC / IV Treron affinis Grey fronted Green Pigeon Columbidae LC / IV Treron bicinctus Orange breasted Green Columbidae LC / IV pigeon Turdoides striata Jungle Babbler Timaliidae LC / IV Turdus simillimus Indian Blackbird Turdidae LC / IV Turnix suscitator Barred Buttonquail Turnicidae LC / IV Turnix tanki Yellowlegged Buttonquail Turnicidae LC / IV Upupa epops Hoopoe Upupidae LC / IV Zoothera citrina Orange headed Thrush Turdidae LC / IV

Aquatic Flora and Fauna

There are two water bodies found in the buffer zone includes the bhavani river and belladhi lake. Bhavani river meanders in the buffer zone and there are two river -run hydel power projects within the buffer zone. Belladhi lake is a medium size reservoir but there was very little water in spite of the record rain fall. It is due to diversion of the water from the catchment. There are many storm water drains passing through Mettupalayam town located in the buff zone. Arundo donax and Tall reeds were abundant along the banks of the Bhavai River but belladhi lake was choked with Eichhornia crassipes and Ipomoea aquatica. A list of fresh water aquatic or semiaquatic macrophytes found in the water bodies is given in Table – 3.30. A comprehensive list of wetland / aquatic birds found in the Bellladhi Lake and Bhavani River is given in Table – 3.31. A list of fresh fishes introduced / grown and captured from the Belladhi Lake is given in Table – 3.32. The list is based on the fish fauna of Bhavani River and the version of the fishing contractor of the Belladhi Lake.

TABLE – 3.30 LIST OF AQUATIC AND SEMI AQUATIC MACROPHYTES FOUND IN THE BHAVANI RIVER AND BELLADHI LAKE

Latin name Family Alternanthera philoxeroides Solanaceae Alternanthera sessilis Solanaceae Ammannia baccifera Lythraceae Arundo donax Poaceae Azolla pinnata Azollaceae Brachiaria mutica Poaceae Carex cruciata Cyperaceae Centella asiatica Apiaceae Chrysopogon aciculatus Poaceae Cynodon dactylon Poaceae Cyperus arenarius Cyperaceae Cyperus distans Cyperaceae Cyperus dubius Cyperaceae

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Latin name Family Cyperus haspan Cyperaceae Cyperus mitis Cyperaceae Cyperus nutans Cyperaceae Cyperus triceps Cyperaceae Cyperus diffusus Cyperaceae Cyperus exaltatus Cyperaceae Cyperus rotundus Cyperaceae Echinochloa colona Poaceae Echinochloa stagnina Poaceae Eclipta alba Asteraceae Eichhornia crassipes Pontederiaceae Hydrilla verticillata Hydrocharitaceae Hygrophila auriculata Acanthaceae Ipomoea aquatica Convolvulaceae Ludwigia perennis Onagraceae Marsilia quadrifoliata Marsiliaceae Nelumbo nucifera Nelumbiaceae Nymphaea nauchali Nympheaceae Nymphaea stellata Nympheaceae Nymphoides hydrophylla Nympheaceae Nymphoides indica Nympheaceae Ottelia alismoides Hydrocharitaceace Oxalis corniculata Oxalidaceae Paspalidium geminatum Poaceae Pistia stratoides Araceae Polygonum glabrum Plygonaceae Salvinia cucullata Salviniaceae Typha angustata Typhaceae Vallisneria spiralis Hydrocharitaceae

TABLE – 3.31 LIST OF AQUATIC BIRDS EITHER REPORTED / RECORDED / OBSERVED IN THE STUDY AREA

IUCN / Scientific name Common name Family WPA Actitis hypoleucos Common Sandpiper Scolopacidae LC / IV Alcedo atthis Common Kingfisher Alcedinida LC / IV Amaurornis akool Brown crake Rallidae LC / IV Amaurornis phoenicurus White-breasted Waterhen Rallidae LC / IV Anas acuta Northern Pintail Anatidae LC / IV Anas clypeata Northern Shoveler Anatidae LC / IV Anas crecca Eurasian Teal Anatidae LC / IV Anas poecilorhyncha Spot-billed Duck Anatidae LC / IV Anas querquedula Garganey Anatidae LC / IV Anastomus oscitans Asian Openbill Ciconiidae LC / IV Anhinga melanogaster Oriental Darter Anhingidae NT /IV Ardea cinerea Grey Heron Anhingidae LC / IV Ardea purpurea Purple Heron Anhingidae LC / IV Ardeola grayii Indian Pond Heron Anhingidae LC / IV Bubulcus ibis Cattle Egret Anhingidae LC / IV Calidris temminckii Temminck's Stint Scolopacidae LC / IV Ceryle rudis Pied Kingfisher Alcedinida LC / IV

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IUCN / Scientific name Common name Family WPA Charadrius alexandrinus Kentish Plover Charadriidae LC / IV Charadrius dubius Little Ringed Plover Charadriidae LC / IV Charadrius leschenaultii Great Ringed Plover Charadriidae LC / IV Dendrocygna javanica Lesser Whistling-Duck Anatidae LC / IV Egretta garzetta Little Egret Anhingidae LC / IV Egretta gularis Western Reef Heron Anhingidae LC / IV Egretta intermedia Intermediate Egret Anhingidae LC / IV Fulica atra Eurasian Coot Rallidae LC / IV Gallicrex cinerea Watercock Rallidae LC / IV Gallinula chloropus Common Moorhen Rallidae LC / IV Gelochelidon nilotica Gull-billed Tern Sternidae LC / IV Glareola lacteal Small Pratincole Glareolidae LC / IV Gorsachius melanolophus Malayan Night Heron Anhingidae LC / IV Halcyon pileata Black-capped Kingfisher Alcedinida LC / IV Halcyon smyrnensis White-throated Kingfisher Alcedinida LC / IV Haliaeetus leucogaster White-bellied Sea Eagle Accipitridae LC / I Himantopus himantopus Black-winged Stilt Recurvirostridae LC / IV Microcarbo niger Little Cormorant Phalacrocoracidae LC / IV Motacilla alba White Wagtail Motacillidae LC / IV Motacilla flava Yellow Wagtail Motacillidae LC / IV Motacilla maderaspatensis White-browed Wagtail Motacillidae LC / IV Nycticorax nycticorax Black-crowned Night Heron Anhingidae LC / IV Pandion haliaetus Osprey Pandionidae LC /I Pelargopsis capensis Stork-billed Kingfisher Alcedinida LC / IV Phalacrocorax fuscicollis Indian Cormorant Phalacrocoracidae LC / IV Plegadis falcinellus Glossy Ibis Threskiornithidae LC / IV Porphyrio porphyrio Purple Swamphen Rallidae LC / IV Porzana fusca Ruddy-breasted Crake Rallidae LC / IV Sterna aurantia River Tern Sternidae NT /IV Tachybaptus ruficollis Little Grebe Podicipedidae LC / IV Tringa erythropus Spotted Redshank Scolopacidae LC / IV Tringa glareola Wood Sandpiper Scolopacidae LC / IV Tringa nebularia Common Greenshank Scolopacidae LC / IV Tringa ochropus Green Sandpiper Scolopacidae LC / IV Vanellus indicus Red-wattled Lapwing Charadriidae LC / IV Vanellus malabaricus Yellow-wattled Lapwing Charadriidae LC / IV Xenus cinereus Terek Sandpiper Scolopacidae LC / IV

TABLE- 3.32 LIST OF FRESH WATER FISHES REPORTED FROM THE STUDY AREA

Scientific name Common name Family Amblypharyngodon mola Mola carplet Cyprinidae Anabas testudineus Climbing perch Anabantidae Anguilla bengalensis Indian mottled eel Anguillidae Badis badis Badis Badidae Bangana ariza Reba Cyprinidae Bangana dero Kalabans Cyprinidae Barbodes carnaticus Carnatic carp Cyprinidae Barilius bendelisis Bagra bahri Cyprinidae Catla catla Catla Cyprinidae Chanda nama Elongate glassperchlet Ambassidae

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Scientific name Common name Family Channa marulius Great snakehead Channidae Channa punctata Spotted snakehead Channidae Channa striata Striped snakehead Channidae Chanos chanos Milk Fish Chanida Cirrhinus cirrhosus Mrigal Carp Cyprinidae Cirrhinus fulungee Deccan White Carp Cyprinidae Cirrhinus mrigala Mrigal Cyprinidae Cirrhinus reba Reba Carp Cyprinidae Ctenopharyngodon idella Grass Carp Cyprinidae Cyprinus carpio Common Carp Cyprinidae Danio rerio Zebra Danio Cyprinidae Dawkinsia filamentosa Blackspot Barb Cyprinidae Esomus barbatus South Indian Flying Barb Cyprinidae Gambusia affinis Mosquito fish Poeciliidae Garra mcclellandi Cauvery Garra Cyprinidae Glossogobius giuris Tank Goby Gobiidae Hemibagrus punctatus Nilgiri Mystus Bagridae Hilsa kelee Kelee shad Clupeidae Hypophthalmichthys molitrix Silver Carp Cyprinidae Hypselobarbus dobsoni Krishna Carp Cyprinidae Labeo bata Bata Cyprinidae Labeo boga Boga Labeo Cyprinidae Labeo fimbriatus Fringed-lipped peninsula carp Cyprinidae Labeo rohita Rohu Cyprinidae Laubuka laubuca Indian Grass Barb Cyprinidae Macrognathus aral One-stripe spinyeel Mastacembelidae Macrognathus malabaricus Malabar spiny eel Mastacembelidae Mastacembelus armatus Zig-zag eel Mastacembelidae Mugil cephalus Flathead grey mullet Mugilidae Mystus armatus Kerala Mystus Bagridae Mystus cavasius Gangetic Mystus Bagridae Mystus gulio Long whiskers catfish Bagridae Mystus vittatus Striped dwarf catfish Bagridae Nandus nandus Gangetic leaffish Nandidae Notopterus notopterus Bronze featherback Notopteridae Ompok bimaculatus Butter Catfish Siluridae Oreochromis aureus Blue tilapia Cichlidae Oreochromis mossambicu Mozambique tilapia Cichlidae Oreochromis niloticus Nile tilapia Cichlidae Oryzias carnaticus Ricefish Adrianichthyidae Oryzias dancena Ricefish Adrianichthyidae Osphronemus goramy Giant gourami Osphronemidae Osteobrama peninsularis Peninsular Osteobram Cyprinidae Pangasius pangasius Pangas Catfish Pangasiidae Parambassis lala Highfin glassy perchlet Ambassidae Parambassis ranga Indian glassy fish Ambassidae Pethia ticto Ticto Barb Cyprinidae Poecilia reticulata Guppy Poeciliidae Puntius amphibius Scarlet-banded barb Cyprinidae Puntius cauveriensis Cauvery Barb Cyprinidae Puntius chola Swamp Barb Cyprinidae Puntius dorsalis Long snouted barb Cyprinidae Rasbora caverii Cauvery rasbora Cyprinidae Rasbora daniconius Slender rasbora Cyprinidae Vimta Labs Limited, Hyderabad/Coimbatore C3-68 Environmental Impact Assessment for the proposed expansion of Synthetic/Natural Organic Aromatic Plant at Chikadasampalayam Village, Mettupalayam Taluk, Coimbatore District, Tamil Nadu Chapter - 3 Description of Environment

Scientific name Common name Family Silonia childreni White Catfish Schilbeidae Systomus sarana Olive Barb Cyprinidae Tinca tinca Tench Cyprinidae Trichogaster fasciata Banded gourami Osphronemidae Trichopodus trichopterus Three spot gourami Osphronemidae Wallago attu Wallago * (NT/I) Siluridae Xenentodon cancila Freshwater garfish Belonidae * NT= NEAR THREATENED

Rare or endemic or endangered or threatened (REET) species

Rare or endemic or endangered or threatened (REET) species reported from the buffer zone extending up to 10 Km from the core area is given in Table – 3.33. It may be noted from the list that other than Elephant; others are either in the Vulnerable or near threaten categories of the IUCN. Peacock is in the least concern category though it is in Schedule I of the WPA. Oriental Darter is in the VU category of the IUCN but it is in Schedule I of the WPA. Except the two-plant species in the list, rest are outside the core area where the project proponent has no jurisdiction and right to manage anything.

TABLE - 3.33 LIST OF RARE OR ENDANGERED OR THREATENED SPECIES AND SPECIES IN SCHEDULE I OF THE INDIAN WILDLIFE (PROTECTION) ACT

Scientific name Status in the study area IUCN / WPA Santalum album (Sandal 2 small trees in the core area Vulnerable and protected wood) and many cultivated plants in the buffer zone Pterocarpus santalinus Only saplings are procured for Endemic to Tirumala and (Red sanders) growing in the core area Kadapa areas. Vulnerable and protected Elephas maximus Occasionally visit some areas in EN /I (Elephant) the buffer zone Bos gaurus Occasionally spotted in the buffer VU /I (Bison) zone Trachypithecus johnii Seen during the survey in the VU/I (Nilgiri Langur) NBR Anhinga melanogaster Found in large numbers in the NT / IV (Oriental Darter) Belladhi Lake Columba ephinstonii (nirgiri Seen during the survey in the VU/I Wood Pigeon) NBR Pavo cristatus Very common in forest and no LC /I (Peacock) forest areas Python molurus Reported VU/I (Python) Wallago attu Wallago fish NT /I

3.10 Demography and Socio-Economics

The demographic and socio-economic conditions prevailing in the 10km radius of study area is analysed. The socio-economic data forms the basis for developing a suitable enterprise social responsibility plan to address the needs of the population.

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The project proponent is committed to take up the socio-economic development initiatives not only to minimize the negative impact on the population but also to improve the socio- economic status of population living in 10 km radius of the plant as its sustained effort as part of enterprise social responsibility.

3.10.1 Methodology adopted for the study

The methodology adopted for the study mainly includes review of published secondary data (District Census Statistical Handbooks-2011 and Primary Census Abstract of Census-2011) with respect to population, density, household size, sex ratio, social stratification, literacy rate and occupational structure for the 10 km radius study area.

3.10.2 Review of Demographic and Socio-Economic Profile-2011

The sociological aspects of this study include human settlements, demography and scheduled category of population and literacy levels in addition to infrastructure facilities available in the study area. The economic aspects include occupational structure of workers. The village wise demographic data is given in Annexure - XX. The salient features of the demographic and socio-economic conditions are analysed and described in the following sections.

3.10.3 Demography

3.10.3.1 Distribution of Population

As per 2011 census, the study area consists of 2,56,306 persons inhabited in the 10 km radial distance from the periphery of the plant. The distribution of the population in the study area is given in Table - 3.34 and Figure-3.20.

TABLE - 3.34 DISTRIBUTION OF POPULATION

Particulars 0-3 km 3-7 km 7-10 km 0-10 km

No of Households 26193 19604 25995 71792

Male Population 48186 33962 45375 127523

Female Population 48832 34268 45683 128783

Total Population 97018 68230 91058 256306

% of Male Population 50 50 50 50 % of Female Population 50 50 50 50 Average Households Size 3.70 3.48 3.50 3.57

Source: District Primary Census Handbook – Coimbatore & Nilgiri District, 2011

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FIGURE-3.20 POPULATION DISTRIBUTION OF THE STUDY AREA

3.10.3.2 Average Households Size

The study area has an average family size of 4 persons per household in 2011. This is a moderate family size and is in comparison with the other parts of the district.

3.10.3.3 Sex Ratio

The configuration of male and female indicates that the male constitutes to about 50.0% and female 50.0% of total population. The sex ratio i.e. the number of females per 1000 males indirectly reveals certain sociological aspects in relation with female birth, infant mortality among female children and single-family structure, a resultant of migration of industrial workers. The study area on an average has 1000 females per 1000 males as per 2011 census.

3.10.4 Social Structure

As per census, in the study area, about 18% population belong to Scheduled Castes (SC) and 2% belong to Scheduled Tribes (ST) indicating that the about 19% of the total population in the study area belongs to socially weaker section. The distribution of population in the study area by social structure is shown in Table - 3.35.

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TABLE - 3.35 DISTRIBUTION OF POPULATION BY SOCIAL STRUCTURE

Particulars 0-3 km 3-7 km 7-10 km 0-10 km Schedule Caste 15507 13315 16281 45103 % of total population 16 20 18 18 Schedule Tribes 661 1635 1864 4160 % of total population 1 2 2 2 Total SC and ST population 16168 14950 18145 49263 % To total population 17 22 20 19 other caste population 80850 53280 72913 207043 % To total population 83 78 80 81 Source: District Primary Census Handbook – Coimbatore & Nilgiri District, 2011

FIGURE-3.21 SOCIAL STRUCTURE DISTRIBUTION OF THE STUDY AREA

3.10.5 Literacy Levels

The literacy rate of the study area is found to be 65.74%. The male literate to the male population was found to be 73.0% in the study area. The female literate to the total population was found to be 59.11% in the study area. In the study area, the male literacy is found to be 55.53%, whereas the female literacy rate, which is observed to be 44.47% in the study area as per census, 2011.

The distribution of literate and literacy rate in the study area is given in Table - 3.36.

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TABLE - 3.36 DISTRIBUTION OF LITERATE AND LITERACY RATES

Particulars 0-3 km 3-7 km 7-10 km 0-10 km Total Literate 72619 47501 63804 183924 Male Population 48186 33962 45375 127523 Female Population 48832 34268 45683 128783 Average Literacy (%) 75 70 70 72 Male Literate 38232 25813 34351 98396 % To Study Area Literate 53 54 54 53 % to Total Male Population 79 76 76 77 Female Literate 34387 21688 29453 85528 % To Study Area Literate 47 46 46 47 % to Total Female Population 70 63 64 66 Source: District Primary Census Handbook – Coimbatore & Nilgiri District, 2011

FIGURE-3.22 LITERACY RATE OF STUDY AREA

3.10.6 Occupational Structure

The occupational structure in the study area is studied with reference to main workers, marginal workers and non-workers. The main workers include 10 categories of workers defined by the Census Department consisting of cultivators, agricultural labourers, those engaged in live-stock, forestry, fishing, mining and quarrying; manufacturing, processing and repairs in household industry; and other than household industry, construction, trade and commerce, transport and communication and other services.

The marginal workers are those workers engaged in some work for a period of less than six months during the reference year prior to the census survey. The non-workers include those engaged in unpaid household duties, students, retired persons, dependents, beggars,

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vagrants etc.; institutional inmates or all other non-workers who do not fall under the above categories.

As per census 2011, records the main workers were found to be 32.77% of the total population. The marginal workers and non-workers constituted 9.77% and 56.57% of the total population. The occupational structure indicates that the non-workers are the predominant population in the present study area. The occupational structure of the study area is given in Table - 3.37.

TABLE - 3.37 OCCUPATIONAL STRUCTURE

Particulars 0-3 km 3-7 km 7-10 km 0-10 km Total Main Workers 39892 33790 43729 117411 % to Total Population 41 50 48 46 Marginal Workers 2900 2611 4963 10474 % to Total Population 3 4 5 4 Non-workers 57126 34440 47329 138895 % to Total Population 59 50 52 54 Total Main Workers 39892 33790 43729 117411 Source: District Primary Census Handbook – Coimbatore & Nilgiri District, 2011

FIGURE-3.23 OCCUPATIONAL STRUCTURE IN THE STUDY AREA

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CHAPTER-4

ANTICIPATED ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS AND MITIGATION MEASURES

4.0 ANTICIPATED ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS AND MITIGATION MEASURES

4.1 Introduction

This chapter presents identification and appraisal of various impacts due to the proposed expansion of the aromatic plant during construction and operational phases.

The environmental impacts can be categorized as either primary or secondary. Primary impacts are those, which are attributed directly by the project and secondary impacts are those, which are indirectly induced and typically include the associated investment and changes in the pattern of social and economic activities by the proposed expansion activities.

The impacts have been assessed for the proposed expansion project assuming that the pollution due to the existing manufacturing activities with their present capacities has already been covered under baseline environmental monitoring and continue to remain same till the operation of the project.

Various impacts during the construction and operation phase on the environment parameters have been studied to estimate the impacts on the environment due to the implementation of the project and discussed in the subsequent sections.

4.2 Impacts during Construction Phase

This includes the activities related to levelling of site, construction of related structures and installation of related equipment. Various impacts during the constructional phase is discussed below.

4.2.1 Impact on Land Use

The existing plant of EAPL has been operating under the land area of 3.78 ha (9.34 acres) in Chikadasampalayam village, mettupalayam taluk, Coimbatore. The proposed expansion activity will take place within the existing plant premises itself thus; no additional land will be acquired. The activity involves erection of machineries & a small scale of civil works within the project premises.

The land area used for expansion will not be a part of environmental or socio- economic sensitive area such as forest, ecologically sensitive area, habitation area hence likely there wouldn’t be any issues in deforestation, wild life dislocation, resettlement and rehabilitation of people.

Except Nilgiri Biosphere (Buffer zone) there are no sensitive locations such as national parks, critical pollution areas etc., within 10 km radial distance around the plant site. EAPL is in progress of acquiring the permission from the Forest department as the site falls in ecologically sensitive area. The details submitted to concerned department is attached as Annexure-IX

No major changes in land use pattern of study area (region) will occur due to the plant expansion activities. Hence, no major impact is envisaged on land use pattern.

VIMTA Labs Limited, Hyderabad/Coimbatore C4-1 Environmental Impact Assessment for the proposed expansion of Synthetic/Natural Organic Aromatic Plant at Chikadasampalayam Village, Mettupalayam Taluk, Coimbatore District, Tamil Nadu Chapter - 4 Anticipated Environmental Impacts and Mitigation Measures

4.2.2 Impact on Soil

The soil at the plant site consists of clayey soil with the sub-strata of this area consists of slight rocks. No levelling of site is envisaged. Apart from localized construction impact at the plant site, no adverse impacts on the soil in the surrounding area are anticipated.

4.2.3 Impact on Topography

The elevation of plant site is about 295 m- 305 m AMSL. There will not be any tall structures except the stack built for dispersion. Also, the contours of natural drainage will not be disturbed. In view of the above, there will not be any major impacts on the topography of the project site.

4.2.4 Impact on Air Quality

The main sources of emission during the construction period are the movement of equipment at site and dust emitted during the leveling, grading, earthwork, foundation works and exhaust emissions from vehicles and equipment deployed during the construction phase is also likely to result in marginal increase in the levels of SO2, NOx, PM and CO. The impact will be for short duration and confined within the project boundary and is expected to be negligible outside the plant boundaries. The impact will, however, be reversible, marginal and temporary in nature. Proper maintenance of vehicles and construction equipment will help in controlling the gaseous emissions. Water sprinkling on roads and construction site will prevent fugitive dust.

4.2.5 Impact on Water Quality

Impact on water quality during construction phase may be due to non-point discharges of solids from soil loss and sewage generated from the construction workforce stationed at the site. However, due to the construction being carried out on generally plain terrain, the soil losses will be negligible. Further, the construction will be more related to mechanical fabrication, assembly and erection; hence the water requirements would be minimum. The construction water will be available at site premises. Rainwater harvesting structures will be constructed to harvest water sources at project site

The overall impact on water environment during construction phase is likely to be short term and insignificant.

4.2.6 Noise Environment

Vehicular traffic, loading and unloading of construction material, handling of equipment and materials are likely to cause an increase in the ambient noise levels. The areas affected are those close to the site. However, the noise will be temporary and will be restricted mostly to plant area.

The noise control measures during construction phase include provision of caps on the equipment and regular maintenance of the equipment.

VIMTA Labs Limited, Hyderabad/Coimbatore C4-2 Environmental Impact Assessment for the proposed expansion of Synthetic/Natural Organic Aromatic Plant at Chikadasampalayam Village, Mettupalayam Taluk, Coimbatore District, Tamil Nadu Chapter - 4 Anticipated Environmental Impacts and Mitigation Measures

4.2.7 Impact on Terrestrial Ecology

Minimum clearance of vegetation, shrubs and herbs is envisaged. Additional Greenbelt will be developed phase wise during construction to improve the aesthetic value in the area and to screen out the fugitive dust generated during construction.

There are many existing matured trees in and around the plant site. Greenbelt of 33% will be developed with the native tree species. The existing trees will be preserved to the extent possible. No trees felling is envisaged.

Thus, no major adverse impacts are envisaged on terrestrial ecology.

4.3 Impacts during Operational Phase

Proposed expansion of Synthetic/ Natural organic Aromatic plant to meet the demand of increased Production.

 Topography and Climate;  Soil Quality;  Air Quality;  Traffic Density;  Water resources and quality;  Solid Waste generation;  Noise levels;  Terrestrial and Aquatic Ecology;  Demography and Socio-Economics; and  Public Health and Safety.

4.3.1 Topography

The plant site is partially plain with slight undulations. There will not be any tall structures except stacks in the plant. The topography of the plant will not be changed in the operational period.

4.3.2 Impact on Soil Quality

The soil quality remains the same as the proposed expansion does not involve a change in land use pattern. The probable sources of degradation of soil quality will be due to generation and disposal of process residues. The residues will be disposed to CTSDF, Gummidipoondi. The airborne fugitive dust from the plant process such as raw material handling area and vehicular movement is likely to be deposited on the topsoil in the immediate vicinity of the plant boundary. However, the fugitive emissions are likely to be controlled to a great extent through pollution control measures like water sprinkling and the greenbelt development. Hence, no impact is envisaged on soil quality of the project site

4.3.3 Impact on Air Quality

The existing plant has 3 boilers, 4 thermopacs and 3 DG-sets which operate on LPG/HSD/firewood etc., Separate stacks are attached to boilers, thermopacs and DG sets. Additionally, one thermopac of 65000 Kcal/hr capacity will be installed to meet

VIMTA Labs Limited, Hyderabad/Coimbatore C4-3 Environmental Impact Assessment for the proposed expansion of Synthetic/Natural Organic Aromatic Plant at Chikadasampalayam Village, Mettupalayam Taluk, Coimbatore District, Tamil Nadu Chapter - 4 Anticipated Environmental Impacts and Mitigation Measures

the enhancement of production.

Being a synthetic aromatic plant, the major air pollutants are, Sulphur dioxide (SO2) and Oxides of Nitrogen (NOx). The fugitive dust and gaseous emissions expected are from transfer of raw materials, processing area, transportation of fuel and solid waste.

The dust emissions, if any from the above areas will be fugitive in nature and maximum during summer season (when the wind velocities are likely to be high) and almost nil during the monsoon season. The dust emissions are likely to be confined to the place of generation only. The quantification of these fugitive emissions from the area sources is difficult as it depends on lot of factors such as dust particles size, specific gravity of dust particles, wind velocity, moisture content of the material and ambient temperature etc. Also, there is a high level of variability in these factors. Hence, these are not amenable for mathematical dispersion modeling. However, by proper usage of dust suppression measures, dust generation and dispersion will be reduced.

Prediction of impacts on air environment has been carried out by employing mathematical model based on a steady state Gaussian Plume Dispersion model designed for multiple point sources for short term. In the present case, AERMOD- designed for multiple point sources for short term and developed by United States Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) has been used for simulations from point sources.

The model simulations deal with dispersion of three major pollutants viz., Sulphur Dioxide (SO2), Oxides of Nitrogen (NO2) and Particulate matter emitted from the stacks.

4.3.3.1 Air Pollution Impact Prediction through Modelling

 Aermod View

AERMOD is an air dispersion-modeling package, which seamlessly incorporates the popular USEPA Models, ISCST3, ISC-PRIME and AERMOD into one interface without any modifications to the models. These models are used extensively to assess pollution concentration and deposition from a wide variety of sources.

 Aermod Model

The AMS/EPA REGULATORY MODEL (AERMOD) was specially designed to support the Environmental Regulatory Modeling Programs. AERMOD is a regulatory steady–state- modeling system with three separate components;

 AERMOD (AERMIC Dispersion Model);  AERMAP (AERMOD Terrain Preprocessor); and  AERMET (AERMOD) Meteorological Pre-processor.

The AERMOD model includes a wide range of options for modeling air quality impacts of pollution sources, making it popular choice among the modeling community for a variety of applications. AERMOD requires two types of meteorological data files, a file

VIMTA Labs Limited, Hyderabad/Coimbatore C4-4 Environmental Impact Assessment for the proposed expansion of Synthetic/Natural Organic Aromatic Plant at Chikadasampalayam Village, Mettupalayam Taluk, Coimbatore District, Tamil Nadu Chapter - 4 Anticipated Environmental Impacts and Mitigation Measures

containing surface scalar parameters and a file containing vertical profiles. These two files are provided by AERMET meteorological pre-processor program.

 PRIME building downwash algorithms based on the ISC – PRIME model have been added to the AERMOD model;  Use of arrays for data storage;  Incorporation of EVENT processing for analyzing short-term source culpability;  Explicit treatment of multiple – year meteorological data files and the annual average; and  Options to specify emissions that vary by season, hour-of-day and day-of- week.

Deposition algorithms have been implemented in the AERMOD model – results can be output for concentration, total deposition flux, dry deposition flux, and / or wet deposition flux. The model contains algorithms for modeling the effects of settling and removal of large particulates and for modeling the effects of precipitation scavenging for gases or particulates.

 Aermet

In order to conduct a refined air dispersion modeling project using the AERMOD short-term air quality dispersion model, it is necessary to process the meteorological data representative of the study area being modeled. The collected meteorological data is not always in the format supported by the model; therefore the meteorological data needs to be pre-processed using AERMET program.

The AERMET program is a meteorological pre-processor, which prepares hourly surface data and upper air data for use in the AERMOD air quality dispersion model. AERMET is designed to allow future enhancements to process other types of data and to compute boundary layer parameters with different algorithms. AERMET processes meteorological data in three stages and from this process two files are generated for use with the AERMOD model.

A surface file of hourly boundary layer parameters estimates a profile file of multiple-level observations of wind speed, wind direction, temperature and standard deviation of the fluctuating wind components.

 Application of AERMOD

AERMOD model with the following options has been employed to predict the cumulative ground level concentrations due to emissions from the proposed expansion activity.

All terrain dispersion parameters are considered;

 Predictions have been carried out to estimate concentration values over radial distance of 10 km around the project area;  Uniform polar receptor network has been considered;  Emission rates from the sources were considered as constant during the entire period;

VIMTA Labs Limited, Hyderabad/Coimbatore C4-5 Environmental Impact Assessment for the proposed expansion of Synthetic/Natural Organic Aromatic Plant at Chikadasampalayam Village, Mettupalayam Taluk, Coimbatore District, Tamil Nadu Chapter - 4 Anticipated Environmental Impacts and Mitigation Measures

 The ground level concentrations computed without any consideration of decay coefficient;  Calm winds recorded during the study period were also taken into consideration;  24 hourly mean ground level concentrations were estimated using the entire meteorological data collected during the study period; and  The study area is used to represent the graphical output of the GLC’s using the terrain processor.

 Meteorological Data

The hourly meteorological data recorded at site is converted to the mean hourly meteorological data as specified by CPCB and the same has been used in the model. Hourly mixing heights are taken from the “Atlas of Hourly Mixing Height and Assimilative Capacity of Atmosphere in India” published by India meteorological department, 2008, New Delhi. The meteorological data recorded during study period continuously on wind speed, wind direction, temperature etc., have been processed to extract the data required for simulation by AERMOD using AERMET. The meteorological input data used for the model is presented in Table - 4.1.

 Model Input Data

The main pollutants from the proposed expansion will be Particulate Matter (PM10, PM2.5), Sulphur dioxide (SO2) and Oxides of Nitrogen (NOx). The pollutants are dispersed adequately by providing suitable stack heights. The stack emission details of surrounding industries of EAPL have been considered for cumulative stack analysis.

The details of expected stack emissions from the proposed expansion units are given in Table - 4.2 (a) & 4.2 (b)

TABLE - 4.1 HOURLY MEAN METEOROLOGICAL DATA

Mixing Wind Speed Wind Direction Temperature Stability Hour Height (m/s) (Deg) (0C) Class (m) 1 3.1 225 30.0 1 1000 2 3.1 225 32.0 1 1000 3 3.1 225 34.0 1 1000 4 3.6 225 34.0 1 1000 5 2.6 225 34.0 2 1000 6 2.6 225 34.0 2 900 7 1.5 225 33.0 1 800 8 3.6 202.5 32.0 4 800 9 43.7 225 32.0 4 200 10 5.7 247.5 30.0 6 200

VIMTA Labs Limited, Hyderabad/Coimbatore C4-6 Environmental Impact Assessment for the proposed expansion of Synthetic/Natural Organic Aromatic Plant at Chikadasampalayam Village, Mettupalayam Taluk, Coimbatore District, Tamil Nadu Chapter - 4 Anticipated Environmental Impacts and Mitigation Measures

Mixing Wind Speed Wind Direction Temperature Stability Hour Height (m/s) (Deg) (0C) Class (m) 11 4.1 202.5 29.0 6 200 12 4.1 247.5 29.0 6 200 13 5.1 225 28.0 6 200 14 6.2 202.5 28.0 6 200 15 7.2 247.5 28.0 6 200 16 4.1 225 28.0 6 200 17 4.1 225 27.0 6 200 18 3.1 202.5 27.0 6 200 19 4.1 225 27.0 6 500 20 3.6 225 27.0 6 800 21 3.1 225 27.0 6 800 22 1.5 247.5 27.0 4 800 23 3.1 225 28.0 1 800 24 3.1 225 29.0 1 1000

VIMTA Labs Limited, Hyderabad/Coimbatore C4-7 Environmental Impact Assessment for the proposed expansion of Synthetic/Natural Organic Aromatic Plant at Chikadasampalayam Village, Mettupalayam Taluk, Coimbatore District, Tamil Nadu Chapter - 4 Anticipated Environmental Impacts and Mitigation Measures

TABLE - 4.2(a) DETAILS OF EXPECTED STACK EMISSION

Stack Nos Stack 1 Stack 2 Stack 3 Stack 4 Stack 5 Stack 6 Material of Construction MS MS MS MS MS MS Diesel based Agro waste / LPG based Thermopac-I Thermopac- II Thermopac- III Stack Attached to Boiler-0.60 Firewood Boiler-1.0 Boiler- 0.3Ton/hr (100000Kcal/hr) (65000 Kcal/hr) (65000 Kcal/hr) Ton/hr Ton/hr Stack Height above the GL, m 12.0 12.0 8.0 15.0 15.0 13.0 Inside Dimensions of the Stack 0.3 0.62 0.31 0.3 0.31 0.31 at top, m 3 Gas Quantity m /hr 4624 18360 5028.7 5220 6142 6142 Exit Velocity of the Gas m/s 25 25 25 25 25 25 0 Flue Gas Temperature, C 137 167 127 85 52 52 Sulphur Content (%) 0.1 0.05 0.1 0.003 0.003 0.003 Pollution Control Measures Stack Stack Stack Stack Stack Stack

Emission Rate g/s PM 0.064 0.26 0.07 0.07 0.09 0.09 SO2 0.007 0.011 <0.005 <0.005 <0.005 <0.005 Nox 0.064 0.26 0.07 0.07 0.09 0.09

VIMTA Labs Limited, Hyderabad/Coimbatore C4-8

TABLE - 4.2 (b) DETAILS OF EXPECTED STACK EMISSION

Stack Nos Stack 7 Stack 8 Stack 9 Stack 10 Stack 11 Stack 12 Material of Construction MS MS MS MS MS MS Thermopac- IV DG Set-I DG Set-II DG Set-III DG Set-IV Thermopac- V Stack Attached to (100000 Kcal/hr) (250 KVA) (250 KVA) (125 KVA) (60 KVA) (65000 Kcal/hr) Stack Height above the GL, m 12.4 6.0 6.0 6.0 6.0 13.0 Inside Dimensions of the 0.31 0.15 0.15 0.1 0.075 0.31 Stack at top, m Gas Quantity m3 /hr 5602.5 1346.6 1346.6 624.7 180.0 6142 Exit Velocity of the Gas m/s 25 15 15 12 12 25 Flue Gas Temperature, 0 C 85 65 65 62 72 52 Sulphur Content (%) 0.003 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.003 Acoustics Acoustics Acoustics Acoustics Pollution Control Measures Individual Stack enclosures enclosures enclosures enclosures Individual followed by Stack followed by followed by followed by Stack Stack Stack Stack

VIMTA Labs Limited, Hyderabad/Coimbatore C4-9

 Presentation of Results

In the present case, model simulations have been carried out for the period 1st May 2019 – 31st July 2019. For the short-term simulations, the concentrations were estimated around 441 receptor points chosen to obtain an optimum description of variations in concentrations over the site in 10 km radius covering 16 directions.

The predicted incremental ground levels concentration for PM, SO2 and NOX are given in Table - 4.3. The predicted ground level concentration isopleths are given in Figure - 4.1 to 4.3.

TABLE - 4.3 SHORT TERM MAXIMUM INCREMENTAL CONCENTRATIONS

Concentration Parameters Distance (km) Direction (µg/m3) PM 5.65 0.5 NNE SO2 3.60 0.5 NNE NOx 5.65 0.5 NNE

 Comments on Predicted Concentrations

A perusal of Table - 4.4 reveals that the maximum incremental short-term 24-hourly ground 3 3 level concentrations for PM, SO2 and NOx likely to be encountered are 5.65 g/m , 3.60 g/m and 5.65 g/m3 respectively occurring at a distance of about 0.5 km in the North-northeast direction.

 Resultant Concentrations after Implementation of the expansion Project

The resultant ambient air quality after implementation of the expansion activity is given in Table - 4.4.

TABLE - 4.4 RESULTANT CONCENTRATIONS AFTER PROPOSED EXPANSION

Concentration (µg/m3) NAAQS Limits Distance and Parameters (2009) Baseline Incremental Resultant Direction (µg/m3) PM 73.0 5.65 78.65 100 SO2 15.0 3.60 18.60 0.5 km, NNE 80 NOx 25.0 5.65 30.65 80

A perusal of the table above covered under each activity reveals that there will be a marginal increase in terms of pollution load. However, it can be observed that the resultant ambient air quality after considering the point source emissions, fugitive / area source emissions and line source emissions are well below the limits as per national ambient air quality standards, 2009 and the area has sufficient carrying capacity to accommodate the industrial development.

VIMTA Labs Limited, Hyderabad/Coimbatore C4-10 Environmental Impact Assessment for the proposed expansion of Synthetic/Natural Organic Aromatic Plant at Chikadasampalayam Village, Mettupalayam Taluk, Coimbatore District, Tamil Nadu Chapter - 4 Anticipated Environmental Impacts and Mitigation Measures

PROJECT TITLE: Encee Aromatics (P) Ltd

10000

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COMMENTS: SOURCES: COMPANY NAME: PM GLCS 11 Vimta Labs Limited RECEPTORS: MODELER: M.Janardhan 441 Bh.Durga Bhavani OUTPUT TYPE: SCALE: 1:129,336

Concentration 0 5 km

MAX: PROJECT NO.:

5.65233 ug/m^3

AERMOD View - Lakes Environmental Software

FIGURE - 4.1 SHORT TERM 24 HOURLY INCREMENTAL GLCS FOR PM

VIMTA Labs Limited, Hyderabad/Coimbatore C4-11 Environmental Impact Assessment for the proposed expansion of Synthetic/Natural Organic Aromatic Plant at Chikadasampalayam Village, Mettupalayam Taluk, Coimbatore District, Tamil Nadu Chapter - 4 Anticipated Environmental Impacts and Mitigation Measures

PROJECT TITLE: Encee Aromatics (P) Ltd

8000

6000

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PLOT FILE OF HIGH 1ST HIGH 24-HR VALUES FOR SOURCE GROUP: ALL ug/m^3

0.402 0.803 1.203 1.604 2.005 2.406 2.806 3.207 3.608 COMMENTS: SOURCES: COMPANY NAME: Predicted GLCs - SO2 11 Vimta Labs Limited RECEPTORS: MODELER: M.Janardhan 441 Bh.Durga Bhavani OUTPUT TYPE: SCALE: 1:129,336

Concentration 0 5 km

MAX: PROJECT NO.:

3.60801 ug/m^3

AERMOD View - Lakes Environmental Software FIGURE - 4.2

SHORT TERM 24 HOURLY INCREMENTAL GLCS FOR SO2

VIMTA Labs Limited, Hyderabad/Coimbatore C4-12 Environmental Impact Assessment for the proposed expansion of Synthetic/Natural Organic Aromatic Plant at Chikadasampalayam Village, Mettupalayam Taluk, Coimbatore District, Tamil Nadu Chapter - 4 Anticipated Environmental Impacts and Mitigation Measures

FIGURE - 4.3

SHORT TERM 24 HOURLY INCREMENTAL GLCS FOR NOX

VIMTA Labs Limited, Hyderabad/Coimbatore C4-13 Environmental Impact Assessment for the proposed expansion of Synthetic/Natural Organic Aromatic Plant at Chikadasampalayam Village, Mettupalayam Taluk, Coimbatore District, Tamil Nadu Chapter - 4 Anticipated Environmental Impacts and Mitigation Measures

4.3.3.2 Air Pollution Management

Fugitive Emission Control Measures:

The fugitive emissions from the plant operations will be controlled through the following control measures:

 Raw material handling areas are major source for fugitive emissions. Most of the time, sources of fugitive emissions will be the transfer and junction points, product hopper area and loading points;  Adopting good housekeeping practice will also help in control of fugitive emission. Maintaining shop floor and roads in good condition minimizes the chances of fugitive emission;  The trucks and other vehicles shall be maintained and serviced regularly to reduce air emissions; and  Usage of respiratory protective equipment by all employees will be ensured.

The impact of fugitive emissions from the proposed expansion on air quality of the region is insignificant.

4.3.4 Gaseous Emission Control Measures:

In chemical plant dust and gaseous emissions are expected from the process area, DG sets where combustion takes place.

The flue gas generated from the above processes is being taken to the atmosphere through dedicated stacks. All the process emissions are complying the standard prescribed by the CPCB & SPCB.

The Regular monitoring and maintenance of the pollution control equipment’s enhances the complete process of the plant site.

4.3.5 Impact on Water Resources and Water Quality

4.3.5.1 Impact on Water Resources

The entire water demand for the existing and proposed expansion will be met from bhavani river. EAPL has estimated the one-time water requirement for the proposed expansion to be 39.65 KLD. Out of this, 35.44 KLD will be the daily fresh water requirement and in the wet season fresh water consumption further reduces to 25.44 KLD. Fresh water requirement and wastewater generation details have been shown in Table-4.5. To minimize the impacts on groundwater table, EAPL has proposed to develop rainwater harvesting structures to recharge ground water table in plant site and to enhance the ground water recharge potential in the region. The rain water harvesting, storm water management along with the existing rain water harvesting structures are presented in Chapter – 10 of this report.

4.3.5.2 Impact on Water Quality & Management

Water is mainly used at certain stages in the process like cooling tower, DM plant, backwash, vessel cleaning, greenbelt development, drinking and domestic needs.

VIMTA Labs Limited, Hyderabad/Coimbatore C4-14 Environmental Impact Assessment for the proposed expansion of Synthetic/Natural Organic Aromatic Plant at Chikadasampalayam Village, Mettupalayam Taluk, Coimbatore District, Tamil Nadu Chapter - 4 Anticipated Environmental Impacts and Mitigation Measures

The wastewater management is shown in Table-4.6 TABLE - 4.5 DAILY FRESH WATER REQUIREMENT - EXISTING AND AFTER EXPANSION

Requirement (m3/day) Sr. After Expansion Remarks Category No Existing Dry Monsoon Season season 1 Process 3.0 4.31 4.31  The one-time water requirement Cooling tower & will be 39.65 (35.44+4.21) KLD. 2 Water jet Ejector 7.0 - - The treated water will be reused Makeup for cooling tower and water jet 3 DM Plant 22.0 10.18 10.18 ejector makeup. Therefore the Back wash & Vessel daily fresh water requirement 4 2.0 4.95 4.95 Cleaning will be 35.44 KLD only. 5 Drinking & Domestic 4.0 6.00 6.0  25.44 KLD will be fresh water Green belt - requirement during rainy season 6 10.0 10.00 Development which will be met from harvested Total 48.0 35.44 25.44 rain water. Source: Encee Aromatics (P) Ltd, Mettupalayam

The effluent generated from the process of natural aroma product (Concretes, Absolutes and Essential Oils) 4.08 KLD will be treated in the proposed SBT-Bioreactor of capacity 8.5 KLD where the concentrated water is treated through patented media and collected at the bottom of the bioreactor which will be circulated for the greenbelt development.

The effluent from the rest of the process (Synthetic) will be collected, neutralized by the appropriate chemicals and send to the Multiple Effect Evaporator for effluent evaporation and the treated water reused in cooling tower and water ejector makeup process. The condensate water from the boiler of quantity 8.18 KLD will be used for green belt development (1.35 ha). The concentrated effluent of 6.26 KLD from evaporator will be sent to the solar evaporation pond for further treatment process. The domestic wastewater of 4.80 KLD will be treated in the existing Septic tank and dispersion trench

TABLE - 4.6 DETAILS OF WASTEWATER GENERATION AND MANAGEMENT

Quantity in KLD Sr. Category After Wastewater Management No. Existing Expansion Process Water Treated in ETP with MEE & Soil 10.89 1 ( Organic & Synthetic 12.09 Bio Technology ( Natural Aroma (4.08+6.81) chemicals) process Water) Cooling Tower & Water Jet 0.67 2 0.5 Treated in ETP with evaporator Ejector Blow Down (0.42 +0.25) DM plant Blow Down& 2.00 3 1.5 Treated in ETP with evaporator Backwash (1.0 +1.0) 4 Vessel & Equipment Cleaning 0.6 0.95 Treated in ETP with evaporator Treated in Septic Tank and 5 Drinking & Domestic 3.2 4.80 Dispersion trench Total 17.89 19.31 Source: Encee Aromatics (P) Limited, Mettupalayam

VIMTA Labs Limited, Hyderabad/Coimbatore C4-15 Environmental Impact Assessment for the proposed expansion of Synthetic/Natural Organic Aromatic Plant at Chikadasampalayam Village, Mettupalayam Taluk, Coimbatore District, Tamil Nadu Chapter - 4 Anticipated Environmental Impacts and Mitigation Measures

4.3.6 Impact due to Solid Waste Generation

The details of hazardous and non-hazardous waste generation with waste quantities and method of disposal are given in Table 4.7. In order to avoid problems associated with solid waste disposal problems, an effective solid waste management system will be followed by the EAPL. Distillation residue from various process and chemical sludge and residue from ETP generated will be collected, stored, transported and disposed in TSDF, Gummidipoondi. Waste oil from maintenance generated will be stored in HDPE/MS barrels and sent to TNPCB authorized recycle dealers. Hence, the impact due to solid waste generation from the plant operation is not envisaged.

4.3.6.1 Solid Waste Management

TABLE - 4.7 DETAILS OF SOLID WASTE GENERATION

Details of Solid Waste Management Before After Sr. Solid Waste Expansion Expansion Method of Disposal No. (TPM) (TPM) Non-Hazardous Waste Used as a manure in 1. Floral/Spice Waste 73.8 79.13 agricultural land 2. Wax 0.085 0.107 Sold to Local suppliers 3. Firewood Ash 4.65 4.452 Used in agricultural land Hazardous Waste Distillation Residues Stored temporarily in HDPE 4. 4.8 15.68 From various process bags, barrels and send to secured landfill facility, Chemical Sludge and 5. 7.75 53.35 Gummidipoondi residue from ETP

Stored in HDPE/MS barrels Waste Oil from 6. 0.25 0.80 and sent to TNPCB maintenance (Litres) authorized recycle dealers Source: Encee Aromatics (P) Limited

4.3.7 Impact on Noise Levels

The major noise generating sources are from the Blowers, Distillation section, Thermic fluid heaters, boilers, ETP and DG-sets. The noise levels at the source for these units will be in the range of 85-90 dB (A). The details of the major noise generating sources during the plant operational phase are listed in Table - 4.8

TABLE - 4.8 ANTICIPATED NOISE LEVELS AT PLANT BOUNDARY

Sr. Unit Type Noise Level dB (A) No 1 Distillation Section Continuous 85 2 Thermic fluid Heater-Diesel Continuous 80

VIMTA Labs Limited, Hyderabad/Coimbatore C4-16 Environmental Impact Assessment for the proposed expansion of Synthetic/Natural Organic Aromatic Plant at Chikadasampalayam Village, Mettupalayam Taluk, Coimbatore District, Tamil Nadu Chapter - 4 Anticipated Environmental Impacts and Mitigation Measures

3 Thermic fluid Heater-LPG Continuous 77 4 Boilers Continuous 68 5 DG-Sets Intermittent 79 6 Blowers Intermittent 78

Presentation of Results

The noise dispersion from the plant site is computed based on mathematical modelling. The predicted results of incremental noise level at each grid points are used to draw noise contours. The predicted noise contour around expected sources is shown in Figure - 4.4.

The predicted noise level at the boundary due to various plant activities will be ranging in between 48-50 dB(A). It is seen from the simulation results that the incremental noise level will be well within the CPCB standards.

4.3.7.1 Noise Attenuation Measures

The following control measures will be implemented for the proposed expansion project:  All the design/installation precautions as specified by the manufacturers with respect to noise control will be strictly adhered to;  High noise generating sources will be insulated adequately by providing suitable enclosures, acoustic louvers, slots etc;  All the necessary noise protective equipment will be supplied to workmen operating near high noise generating sources;  The air compressor, DG sets, transformer etc. will be provided with acoustic enclosure;  Other than the regular maintenance of the various equipment, ear plugs/muffs will be recommended for the personnel working close to the noise generating units;  Construction of noise protection wall at the Storage area; and  Adequate greenbelt development is also being developed in the plant boundary of the aromatic plant.

VIMTA Labs Limited, Hyderabad/Coimbatore C4-17 Environmental Impact Assessment for the proposed expansion of Synthetic/Natural Organic Aromatic Plant at Chikadasampalayam Village, Mettupalayam Taluk, Coimbatore District, Tamil Nadu Chapter - 4 Anticipated Environmental Impacts and Mitigation Measures

-1000 -800 -600 -400 -200 0 200 400 600 800 1000 1000 1000

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FIGURE- 4.4 PREDICTED NOISE CONTOUR - AFTER EXPANSION

VIMTA Labs Limited, Hyderabad/Coimbatore C4-18 Environmental Impact Assessment for the proposed expansion of Synthetic/Natural Organic Aromatic Plant at Chikadasampalayam Village, Mettupalayam Taluk, Coimbatore District, Tamil Nadu Chapter - 4 Anticipated Environmental Impacts and Mitigation Measures

4.3.8 Impact on Ecology

Predicted Impacts of the proposed expansion on the flora, fauna and Biodiversity

Prediction of impacts is based both on the direct and indirect; short-term as well as long- term; irreversible and irreversible impacts that are most likely to occur owing to the proposed industrial activity during establishment and operation. The ecological factors that are considered most significant as far as the impact on flora and fauna are concerned:

1. Whether there shall be any reduction in species diversity 2. Whether there shall be any habitat loss or fragmentation 3. Whether there shall be any additional risk or threat to the rare or endangered or endemic or threatened (REET) species 4. Whether there shall be any impairment of ecological functions such as (i) disruption of food chains, (ii) decline in species population and or (iii) alterations in predator-prey relationships.

TABLE – 4.9 STATEMENT OF IMPACTS ON FLORA, FAUNA AND BIODIVERSITY

Nature of Impact Core area Buffer zone Whether there is going to be any change in land use and No No land cover? Whether there is any shrinkage of No No Habitat? Whether there is any fragmentation of habitat? No No Any disruption of food chains? No No Any decline in species population? No Not due to Project Any alterations in predator-prey relationships? No Not due to Project Whether any migratory corridors are going to be blocked? No No Whether there is going to be any clearing of perennial No No vegetation? Whether the atmospheric emissions are going to cause Ambient air quality No any damage? shall comply with the NAQS Whether any untreated effluents are going to be No No discharged? Whether there shall be any loss of fodder? No No Whether there are any REET species? Yes Yes (Table 3.33 in chapter-3) Whether there are any Schedule I Yes. Mysore Sandal Yes (Table 3.33 Species? chapter-3) Does the company have any committed Environmental Committed to Yes Policy? continual improvement Whether the existing greenbelt is adequate? Area is adequate Not applicable but needs further improvement. Whether there shall be any “Net loss”of biodiversity? No No

As stated earlier, there is no REET plant or animal species in the project area except two plant species (Mysore Sandal and Red Sanders), and the rest of the species as shown in

VIMTA Labs Limited, Hyderabad/Coimbatore C4-19 Environmental Impact Assessment for the proposed expansion of Synthetic/Natural Organic Aromatic Plant at Chikadasampalayam Village, Mettupalayam Taluk, Coimbatore District, Tamil Nadu Chapter - 4 Anticipated Environmental Impacts and Mitigation Measures

Chapter-3, Table 3.33 are found outside the project site where the proponent has no jurisdiction or control. Since they are found in the buffer zone of the NBR. No REET species is going to be lost on account of the proposed product manufacturing by the industry.

The proposed industry is not going to discharge any treated or untreated effluents. Hence, it is not going to have any direct or indirect impacts on the Schedule I / REET species that are most likely to occur in the study area of the project site. No direct or indirect damage is expected to the flora and fauna of the Study area. Further, as there are no rare or endangered or endemic or threatened (REET) terrestrial animal species within the project area, the project does not pose any direct threat to the flora and fauna of the study area. Further, the greenbelt is going to be developed in 35.8% of the total project area. Hence, the anticipated environmental impacts on the flora and fauna of the study area are negligible and easily reversible. It is not going to create any kind of environmental stress to the local flora and fauna.

Negative Impacts:

Negative impacts are absolutely nil and the proposed expansion includes modernization and hence the overall additional adverse are insignificant.

4.3.9 Impacts of Odour

Being a chemical plant many substances in the industrial environment produce odours. Those odors can become a nuisance and bother people, causing temporary symptoms such as headache and nausea. Other odors can be toxic and cause harmful health effects. Odour sources can be continuous or intermittent, point sources

In the operational phase the component which will contribute to the odour generations are working of waste water treatment plant, raw materials and chemicals handling in the industry, working emission of the solvents storage tanks etc. Sources which will lead to the generation of odour are leakage of chemical from the storage drums/pipeline/reactors, evaporation of acid as acid fumes, domestic waste, handling of raw materials, also handling of sludge and residues etc.

In general, as concentration levels increase, more people will have symptoms. Exposure to odors could result in health effects ranging from none, to mild discomfort, to more serious symptoms. Some chemicals with strong odors may cause eye, nose, throat or lung irritation. Strong odors may cause some people to feel a burning sensation that leads to coughing, wheezing or other breathing problems. Workers/People coming in contact who smell strong odors may get headaches or feel dizzy or nauseous. If an odor lasts a long time or keeps occurring, it also could affect mood, anxiety and stress level.

Sources of odour:

Vapour releases from reactors; Fugitive odours escaping from loading & unloading of raw material and finished goods; Odour from accidental leakage and spillage; Odour from process vent; and Effluent Treatment plant.

VIMTA Labs Limited, Hyderabad/Coimbatore C4-20 Environmental Impact Assessment for the proposed expansion of Synthetic/Natural Organic Aromatic Plant at Chikadasampalayam Village, Mettupalayam Taluk, Coimbatore District, Tamil Nadu Chapter - 4 Anticipated Environmental Impacts and Mitigation Measures

4.3.9.1 Odour Control Measures:

The main odour emitting sources are vapor evolves from the process reactor, raw material and finished goods handling areas, accidental leakage and spillage etc.,

The odour generation will be controlled by adopting appropriate technologies in the plant premises:

 Reactor vent shall be connected to the suitable scrubbing system;  Transfer of chemicals shall be carried out in the closed system only;  Effective cooling and chilling in the heat exchanger provided in the reactor vent system to prevent solvent escape;  Installation of VOC sensors in solvent unloading area;  All the chemicals unloading shall be done in strict compliance of zero leakage;  Provision of appropriate spill and leakage control kit to absorb spilled chemicals;  leak detection system will be installed; &  A thick greenbelt shall be developed in the plant boundary.

Good Housekeeping: Decay Evaporation of odorants from stored decaying material may often lead to odour emission. Good housekeeping may eliminate the problems.

The detailed odour management plan for different plants are formulated which include odour source and control measures during operation has been attached as Annexure-XXIII and the VOC analysis report is attached as Annexure-XXIV

4.3.10 Impact on Demography and Socio-Economics

As per 2011 census, the study area consists of 2,56,306 persons inhabited in the 10 km radial distance from the periphery of the plant. It is obvious to assume that the activities of the existing and the proposed increase in manufacturing will produce some improvements in the socio-economic levels in the study area. The anticipated impact of this project on various aspects is described in the following sections.

Impact on Literacy and Educational Facilities

The data of the study area reveals literacy rates of 72%. The better literacy rates are possible due to assumed better economic conditions of the people. Better literacy means better social status and thereby improved life style. This will be a positive impact due to the existing and proposed expansion activity.

Impact on Civic Amenities

The positive impacts of plant activities on the civic amenities are substantial. The development of CER activities like drinking, sanitation and infrastructure facilities in the nearby habitation could enhance the positive impact of the industry on people.

Impact on Economic Aspects

The impact of industrialization on the economic aspects can be clearly observed. The existing plant activities have already provided employment to 108 persons of different skills

VIMTA Labs Limited, Hyderabad/Coimbatore C4-21 Environmental Impact Assessment for the proposed expansion of Synthetic/Natural Organic Aromatic Plant at Chikadasampalayam Village, Mettupalayam Taluk, Coimbatore District, Tamil Nadu Chapter - 4 Anticipated Environmental Impacts and Mitigation Measures

and trades. On expansion additional 22 persons will be employed. The employment has ameliorated the economic conditions of these families directly and has provided employment to many other families indirectly who are involved in business and service-oriented activities

4.3.11 Impacts on Public Health and Safety

The discharge of waste materials (stack emission, wastewater and solid wastes) from process operations can have potential impact on public safety and health. The impact from the discharge of waste products is not expected to be significant since, the adverse impacts on ambient air, water and soil quality are predicted to be low.

It is predicted that the impacts on public safety will be very low, due to the effective safety system and safety management available in the plant. Overall, the impact on public safety and health from the expansion of aromatic plant are likely to be insignificant.

4.4 Summary of Anticipated Environmental Impacts and Mitigation

The summary of anticipated adverse environmental impacts and mitigation measures are given in the Table-4.10

TABLE-4.10 SUMMARY OF ANTICIPATED ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS AND MITIGATION

Potential Probable Mitigation Discipline Negative Remarks Source Measures Impacts Constructional Impact Water Nil Nil Not Applicable - Quality Air Quality Increase in dust Vehicular Sprinkling of Only minimal and NOx movement water in the construction activities concentration construction area will be taken place Noise Increase in Construction Equipment will be Workers will be noise level equipment kept in good provided with condition to keep necessary protective the noise level equipment e.g. ear within 90 dB(A). plug, earmuffs. Operational Impact Water - Discharge The generated The waste water from Quality from various wastewater will be organic process will plant units treated and used be treated in the for, cooling tower proposed Soil Bio makeup technology. Gardening etc., Air Quality Increase in PM, Stack Adequate stack The resultant air SO2 and NOx emissions heights will be quality will conform to levels in provided for the the stipulated ambient air. proper dispersion standards. of pollutants.

VIMTA Labs Limited, Hyderabad/Coimbatore C4-22 Environmental Impact Assessment for the proposed expansion of Synthetic/Natural Organic Aromatic Plant at Chikadasampalayam Village, Mettupalayam Taluk, Coimbatore District, Tamil Nadu Chapter - 4 Anticipated Environmental Impacts and Mitigation Measures

Potential Probable Mitigation Discipline Negative Remarks Source Measures Impacts Greenbelt will be About 500 trees will developed around be planted in addition the plant site with to the exiting trees. the existing trees. The total greenbelt after the proposed expansion will be about 1.35 ha. Solid Residues, From the Residues, floral - waste Sludge and used Various waste and wax oil process, ETP are the major and used oil solid waste from Process generated from the process. Chemical sludge generated from MEE will be treated in evaporation pond and dried sludge will be sent to CTSDF. Used oil Will be supplied to authorized recyclers. Terrestrial Positive Impact Emissions Emission will be As emissions will be Ecology on plant species from stack. controlled as well within limits, no below certain as dispersed active injury to the levels. through vegetation is appropriate expected. design. Greenbelt will be developed in the plant premises. Noise Increase in Equipment in Equipment will be Employees working in noise levels in plant designed to high noise areas the plant area. conform to noise would be provided levels prescribed earplugs/ earmuffs as by regulatory protective device. agencies. The green belt would Proposed greenbelt further help in around the plant attenuating noise attenuate the noise levels to below levels outside the the permissible plant boundary to the

VIMTA Labs Limited, Hyderabad/Coimbatore C4-23 Environmental Impact Assessment for the proposed expansion of Synthetic/Natural Organic Aromatic Plant at Chikadasampalayam Village, Mettupalayam Taluk, Coimbatore District, Tamil Nadu Chapter - 4 Anticipated Environmental Impacts and Mitigation Measures

Potential Probable Mitigation Discipline Negative Remarks Source Measures Impacts levels. level of less than 50 dB(A) Demograp - - About 20 people Infrastructure hy and will be deployed facilities will be Socio- temporarily during improved, socio- economics construction of economic status of the project and the area is expected additionally 22 to improve. people will be employed during operational stage of the project

Odour Exposure to Process area, Provision of - odors could raw material appropriate result in health handling area scrubbing system, effects ranging solid waste adequate vent from none, to storage area height, transport mild discomfort, and ETP of materials in to more serious closed system. symptoms Adopting good housekeeping.

VIMTA Labs Limited, Hyderabad/Coimbatore C4-24

CHAPTER-5

ANALYSIS OF ALTERNATIVES

5.0 ANALYSIS OF ALTERNATIVES

5.1 Analysis of alternative sites for proposed expansion

The proposed expansion will take place within the existing plant premises itself. Therefore, no additional land will be acquired.

 The existing land area is located in Chikadasampalayam village;  Availability of additional open space in the existing industry which is sufficient to carry out the proposed expansion;  No forest land is involved;  Nearest habitation (Palapatti) is more than 0.6 km (NE);  The site has near connectivity to raw materials;  Accessibility to Mettupalayam railway line and Cochin seaport;  National highway (NH- 67) is 3.7 km (WSE) from plant site;  Power connectivity from TANGEDCO;  Manpower availability from nearby areas;  No resettlement and rehabilitation issues; and  Absence of areas of archeological within 10 km radius.

Based on the above criterion, alternate site analysis is not required for the proposed expansion activity.

5.2 Analysis of Alternative Technology for Treatment of Wastewater (Organic Wastewater)

In the existing plant, the organic effluent is being treated with synthetic effluent as combined in effluent treatment plant with evaporator. In order to reduce the sludge load and improve the efficiency of the process CAMUS-SBT has been proposed. The vision of the technology is to create wastewater treatment solutions to create sustainable environment. The trial for running SBT has been carried for past one year in the plant premises for treatment of organic waste water. From the results, it was observed that the efficiency of SBT is superior to the other conventional treatment methods. Therefore, SBT will be proposed in the expansion activity for treating organic wastewater.

Soil Bio Technology – Treatment of Organic Wastewater:

SBT is a wastewater treatment process, which is based on a bio-conversion process where fundamental reactions of nature, namely respiration, photosynthesis and mineral weathering take place in a media housing micro & macro organism which bring about the desired purification. It is an oxygen supplying biological engine and so the process can treat all types of water – domestic, municipal and industrial SBT is based on a bio- conversion process, practically maintenance free, does not produce bio sludge & foul odour, consumes least energy, gives river water quality and has green aesthetic. Its operation is simple, economical & energy efficient.

SBT systems are typically housed in RCC, stone-masonry or soil bunds and consists of an impervious containment. It starts with a underdrain layer, above which lies a layer of media housing culture and bio indicator plants. Water first passes through the additive layer and subsequently passes through the media. The process can be run as single stage or

VIMTA Labs Limited, Hyderabad/Coimbatore C5- 1 Environmental Impact Assessment for the proposed expansion of Synthetic/Natural Organic Aromatic Plant at Chikadasampalayam Village, Mettupalayam Taluk, Coimbatore District, Tamil Nadu Chapter-5 Analysis of Alternatives

multistage depending on water quality desired. The recirculation is provided for further polishing if required. The proposal of SBT is attached as Annexure-XIV

Salient Features of SBT:

 It's a green/clean technology;  No external aeration;  Low power consumption;  No Noise;  No bio-sludge formation;  Efficient removal of pollution;  Optimal space usage and creates green habitats;  One-time media installation;  Long life and  Very less mechanical and electrical equipment

Working of CAMUS-SBT:

 CSBT uses the ecology of soil media and biological reactions within constructed bioreactor to treat the wastewater. This technology advance to offer energy efficient treatment solutions and delivers super water quality;  The Raw effluent (Manufacturing of Natural aroma products) is collected after initial screening and settling. Then the effluent is pumped to the CSBT reactor where it percolates through the patented media, the treated water is collected at the bottom of bioreactor and stored in treated water tank.

The working of SBT is shown in the below Figure 5.1 and the comparison table between conventional and SBT is discussed in Table 5.1

FIGURE- 5.1 PROCESS OF SBT

VIMTA Labs Limited, Hyderabad/Coimbatore C5- 2 Environmental Impact Assessment for the proposed expansion of Synthetic/Natural Organic Aromatic Plant at Chikadasampalayam Village, Mettupalayam Taluk, Coimbatore District, Tamil Nadu Chapter-5 Analysis of Alternatives

TABLE 5.1 COMPARISON OF FEATURES (CONVENTIONAL & SOIL BIO TECHNOLOGY)

S. No Parameters Conventional Technology Soil Bio Technology Separation of streams and Synthesis of resource break-down of resource (waste) molecules into 1. Fundamental Process (waste) molecules leading usable output products to other output streams (flowers, plants, water, (Gasses, water, sludge) fertilizer) No possibility of aerosol Smell due to ammonia and generation. Smell control 2. aerosols generated from Odour is achieved via natural aqueous phase aeration additive addition and high device rate ammonia oxidation Chemical and biological No sludge is produced. sludge is produced as waste Biomineral fertilizer is 3. by product which needs produced as useful by Sludge Production further handling like product. dewatering and drying for disposal Process driven by Natural All conventional aerobic Aeration in engineered soil treatment processes are ecosystem and therefore 4. based on aqueous phase no external energy Energy reaction and therefore required for aeration; It mechanical aeration is consumes one third of the highly energy intensive. energy consumed by the conventional technologies. 15 – 20 percent of water is Water loss is only due to lost in the process since the evapo-transpiration loss 5. water is held within the Process Loss from the filter surface. sludge generated during More than 90% recovery is the process apart from seen. surface loss. Water treatment happens 6. Chemicals required for Chemicals in a single phase without treatment any chemical processes 7. Skilled, Semi-skilled labours No skilled labours are Man power required required. The top surface should be scrapped monthly as necessary and solids should be disposed. Top Regular O/M requires. Operation and surface should be replaced 8. Maintenance and Maintenance 3months to remove the installation cost is high solids. This activity can be further avoided by adapting sedimentation tank.

VIMTA Labs Limited, Hyderabad/Coimbatore C5- 3 Environmental Impact Assessment for the proposed expansion of Synthetic/Natural Organic Aromatic Plant at Chikadasampalayam Village, Mettupalayam Taluk, Coimbatore District, Tamil Nadu Chapter-5 Analysis of Alternatives

It is less effective compared More effective in COD 9. COD removal to SBT removal

Wastewater Characteristics - SBT:

The wastewater characteristics of influent and effluent of Soil Bio Technology has been given in Table 5.2

TABLE 5.2 WASTEWATER CHARACTERISTICS OF SBT

S.No Parameters Typical Effluent Actual Influent Treated Outlet Treated Outlet

1. pH 6.0-9.0 7.5-8.0 7.8-8.0 7.0-8.0 2. TSS, mg/l ≈150 <20 <20 <20 3. TDS, mg/l <1,000 <100 ≈Inlet <1000 4. BOD, mg/l ≈150 - <30 <30 5. COD, mg/l ≈500 7000 <50 <50

Advantages of SBT:

 Cost Effective, operational and maintenance cost are compared to conventional technologies;  The output water quality will be high  Energy Intensive, reduction in power consumption by 50%;  Efficient in COD removal;  Complete water treatment takes place in single pass without using any chemicals;  It generates no bio sludge;  Mechanical aeration is not required as it creates natural eco-system that generates its own oxygen for purification;  Life span of media is around 25 years; and  No skilled labours are required.

VIMTA Labs Limited, Hyderabad/Coimbatore C5- 4

CHAPTER-6

ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING PROGRAM

6.0 ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING PROGRAM

6.1 General

To ensure compliance with environmental regulation and also to maintain healthy environmental conditions around the proposed expansion of Synthetic/Natural Organic Aromatic Plant several measures have been proposed in the Environmental Management Plan (EMP) for mitigation of adverse environmental impacts. These shall be implemented as per proposal and shall be monitored regularly.

A monitoring strategy shall be ensured that all environmental resources, which may be subject to contamination, are kept under review and hence monitoring of the individual elements of the environment will be done. A major part of the sampling and measurement activities will be concerned with long-term monitoring aimed at providing an early warning of any undesirable changes or trends in the natural environment that could be associated with the plant activity.

This is essential to determine whether the changes are in response to a cycle of climatic conditions or due to plant activities. During the operation phase, Environment Monitoring Department (EMD) will undertake all the monitoring work to ensure the effectiveness of environmental mitigation measures. The suggestions given in the environmental monitoring programme will be implemented by the EMD by following an implementation schedule. In addition to the monitoring programme, the following will also be done to further ensure the effectiveness of the mitigation measures:

 Environmental inspections will be carried out for the entire plant operation to check for compliance with standards / applicable norms by in-house experts;

 The environmental aspects to be monitored will ensure proper implementation and effectiveness of various mitigation measures envisaged/adopted during the design and commissioning stage of the proposed expansion as described here under.

This chapter presents the details of environmental monitoring, schedule, institutional arrangements for pollution control, cost for environmental protection measures and details of greenbelt development for the proposed expansion project.

6.2 Implementation Schedule of EMP

The mitigation measures suggested in the Chapter - 4 will be implemented so as to reduce the impact on environment due to the operations of the plant operation. In order to facilitate easy implementation, mitigation measures are phased as per the priority of implementation. The priority of the implementation schedule is given in Table - 6.1.

TABLE - 6.1 EMP IMPLEMENTATION SCHEDULE

Sr. No Recommendations Time Requirement 1 Air pollution control measures Before commissioning project 2 Water pollution control measures Before commissioning project 3 Noise control measures Along with the commissioning 4 Green belt development Immediately

VIMTA Labs Limited, Hyderabad/Coimbatore C6-1 Environmental Impact Assessment for the proposed expansion of Synthetic/Natural Organic Aromatic Plant at Chikadasampalayam Village, Mettupalayam Taluk, Coimbatore District, Tamil Nadu Chapter - 6 Environmental Monitoring Program

Sr. No Recommendations Time Requirement 5 Ecological preservation and up gradation Stage wise implementation 6 Corporate Environment Responsibility (CER) Before commissioning project

6.3 Environmental Monitoring and Reporting procedure

Regular monitoring shall check whether the commitments proposed are being met. This may take form of direct measurements and recording of quantitative information such as amounts and concentrations of discharge, emissions and wastes, for measurements against corporate statutory standards, consent limits or targets. It may also require measurement of ambient environmental quality in the vicinity of a site using ecological/biological, physical and chemical indicators.

6.3.1 Objective of Monitoring

The objectives of environmental post-project monitoring are to:

 Verify effectiveness of planning decisions;  Measure effectives of operational procedures;  Confirm statutory and corporate compliance; and  Identify unexpected changes.

The attributes which require regular monitoring are specified underneath:

 Air quality;  Water and wastewater quality;  Noise levels;  Soil quality; and  Green Belt Development.

The post project monitoring to be carried out at the industry level is discussed below:

Monitoring and Reporting Procedure

Regular monitoring of important and crucial environmental parameters is of immense importance to assess the status of environment during operational phase. With the knowledge of baseline conditions, the monitoring program can serve as an indicator for any deterioration in environmental conditions due to operational phase and suitable mitigation steps could be taken in time to safeguard the environment. Monitoring is as important as that of control of pollution since the efficiency of control measures can only be determined by monitoring. The following routine monitoring program will be implemented under the post project monitoring. The environmental attributes shall be monitored as given below:

Air Pollution and Meteorological Aspects

 Both ambient air quality and stack emissions will be monitored. The ambient air quality to be monitored twice in a week in line with the guidelines of Central Pollution Control Board for PM10, PM2.5, SO2, NOX and CO;

 Online stack emissions monitoring to be carried out for the parameter of SO2. In addition, flow rate, temperature, velocity will also be monitored for better interpretation of the results; and

VIMTA Labs Limited, Hyderabad/Coimbatore C6-2 Environmental Impact Assessment for the proposed expansion of Synthetic/Natural Organic Aromatic Plant at Chikadasampalayam Village, Mettupalayam Taluk, Coimbatore District, Tamil Nadu Chapter - 6 Environmental Monitoring Program

 Automatic weather monitoring station shall be provided to monitor wind speed, wind direction, temperature, relative humidity, atmospheric pressure, rainfall, evaporation rate, solar radiation and cloud cover. The parameters will be recorded at one-hour frequency.

Wastewater Quality

The domestic sewage emanating from the sewage treatment plant will be monitored once in a month for physico-chemical characteristics.

Noise Levels

Noise levels near the AMB and Jasmonyl Plant, machine shop, cooling tower and DG sets will be monitored once in three months.

Monitoring Equipment and Consumables

A well-equipped laboratory with consumable items will be provided for monitoring of environmental parameters. Alternatively, monitoring can be outsourced to a recognized laboratory.

6.4 Monitoring Schedule

Environmental monitoring schedules are prepared covering various phases of project advancement, such as erection phase and regular operational phase.

6.4.1 Environmental Monitoring during Construction Phase

The construction activities require preparing land, mobilization of construction material and equipment to plant site. The generic environmental measures that need to be undertaken during project construction stage are given in Table - 6.2.

TABLE - 6.2 ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING SCHEDULE DURING CONSTRUCTION PHASE (AS PER EP ACT)

Sr. Potential Parameters for Frequency of Action to be Followed No. Impact Monitoring Monitoring All equipment to be Random checks of Periodic operated within equipment logs/ specified design manuals parameters Vehicle trips to be Vehicle logs Periodic during site Air minimized to the extent clearance & 1 Emissions possible construction activities Maintenance of DG set Gaseous emissions Periodic emission emissions to meet (SO2, HC, CO, NOx) monitoring stipulated standards Ambient air quality The ambient air quality As per CPCB /SPCB

VIMTA Labs Limited, Hyderabad/Coimbatore C6-3 Environmental Impact Assessment for the proposed expansion of Synthetic/Natural Organic Aromatic Plant at Chikadasampalayam Village, Mettupalayam Taluk, Coimbatore District, Tamil Nadu Chapter - 6 Environmental Monitoring Program

Sr. Potential Parameters for Frequency of Action to be Followed No. Impact Monitoring Monitoring within the premises of will conform to the requirement or on the plant area to be standards for PM10, monthly basis monitored PM2.5,SO2,NOx, and CO whichever is earlier List of all noise Equipment logs, noise Regular during generating machinery reading. construction onsite along with age to activities be prepared. Equipment to be maintained in good working order. 2 Noise Night working is to be Working hour records Daily records minimized. Generation of vehicular Maintenance of records Daily records noise of vehicles Noise to be monitored Spot Noise recording As per CPCB/SPCB in ambient air within requirement or on the plant premises. quarterly basis whichever is earlier No untreated discharge No discharge hoses Periodic during Wastewater to be made to surface shall be in vicinity of construction 3 Discharge water, groundwater or watercourses activities soil Protect topsoil stockpile Effective cover in place Periodic during 4 Soil Erosion wherever possible at construction edge of site activities Ensure drainage system Visual inspection of Periodic during and specific design drainage and records construction measures are working thereof activities Drainage and effectively. 5 Effluent The design to Management incorporate existing drainage pattern and avoid disturbing the same Implement waste Comprehensive Waste Periodic check management plan that Management Plan during construction identifies and should be in place and activities characterizes every available for inspection waste arising associated on-site Waste with proposed 6 Management expansion activities and Compliance with MSW which identifies the Rules, 1998 and procedures for Hazardous Wastes collection, handling & (Management and disposal of each waste Handling Rules), 2003 arising. Plan to be drawn up, Mock drills and records Periodic during Non-routine considering likely of the same construction events and 7 emergencies and steps activities accidental required to prevent releases /limit consequences Employees and migrant All relevant parameters Regular check ups 8 Health labour health check ups including HIV

VIMTA Labs Limited, Hyderabad/Coimbatore C6-4 Environmental Impact Assessment for the proposed expansion of Synthetic/Natural Organic Aromatic Plant at Chikadasampalayam Village, Mettupalayam Taluk, Coimbatore District, Tamil Nadu Chapter - 6 Environmental Monitoring Program

Sr. Potential Parameters for Frequency of Action to be Followed No. Impact Monitoring Monitoring The Environmental Responsibilities and During Management Cell/Unit roles will be decided construction phase Environmental is to be set up to ensure before the 9 Management implementation and commencement of Cell/ Unit monitoring of work environmental safeguards

6.4.2 Monitoring Schedule during Operational Phase

The following attributes which merit regular monitoring based on the environmental setting and nature of project activities are listed below:

 Source emissions and ambient air quality;  Groundwater levels and ground water quality;  Water and wastewater quality (water quality, effluent & sewage quality etc);  Solid and hazardous waste characterization;  Soil quality;  Noise levels (equipment and machinery noise levels, occupational exposures and ambient noise levels); and  Ecological preservation and afforestation.

The following routine monitoring programme as detailed in Table - 6.3 shall be implemented at site. Besides this monitoring, the compliances to all environmental clearance conditions and regular permits from SPCB/MoEFCC shall be monitored and reported periodically (once every six months).

TABLE - 6.3 ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING DURING OPERATIONAL PHASE AS PER EP ACT

Sr. Potential Action to be Parameters for Frequency of No. Impact Followed Monitoring Monitoring Stack Monitoring Gaseous emissions Periodical monitoring Stack emissions (PM10, PM2.5, PM during entire operation from power boilers, size distribution, phase and DG-set to be SO2, CO, NOx) optimized and monitored Stack emissions Gaseous emissions Periodic during entire from DG set to be (SO2, HC, CO, NOx) operation phase optimized and 1 Air Emissions monitored AAQ Monitoring PM10, PM2.5, SO2, As per CPCB/ SPCB Ambient air quality NOx, O3, CO, Lb, requirement or on within the premises As, Ni, C6H6, B(a)P, weakly basis whichever of the plant and NH3 and Hg is earlier nearby habitations to be monitored Exhaust from vehicles to be minimized by use of Vehicle logs to be

VIMTA Labs Limited, Hyderabad/Coimbatore C6-5 Environmental Impact Assessment for the proposed expansion of Synthetic/Natural Organic Aromatic Plant at Chikadasampalayam Village, Mettupalayam Taluk, Coimbatore District, Tamil Nadu Chapter - 6 Environmental Monitoring Program

Sr. Potential Action to be Parameters for Frequency of No. Impact Followed Monitoring Monitoring fuel-efficient vehicles maintained and well-maintained vehicles having PUC certificate

Meteorology Wind speed, Periodical monitoring Measuring onsite direction, temp., using on-line weather data of Meteorology relative humidity station during operation and rainfall, solar phase radiation Industrial Noise Spot Noise Level Once every six months Level recording; Leq Noise generated (night), Leq (day), from operation of L eq (dn) AMB and Jasmonyl Plant, machine shop, Noise levels to be cooling tower and recorded at 1m DG sets to be distance from the optimized and respective unit monitored. 2 Noise Ambient Noise Level Noise generated from operation of DG set to be optimized and monitored and should be provided with acoustic enclosures Generation of Maintain records of Periodic during vehicular noise vehicles operation phase Wastewater (treated As per CPCB Once in a month Wastewater 3 and untreated) Discharge analysis Ensure drainage Visual inspection of Periodic during system & specific and cleaning of operation phase design measures are drainage before Drainage and effective & working monsoon season 4 effluent Design to Management incorporate existing drainage pattern and avoid disturbing the same Monitoring of Comprehensive Once in a month groundwater quality monitoring as per around ash pond and IS: 10500 ground water levels Water Quality and 5 Groundwater level Water level maintaining Water Levels in meters bgl once every season River water quality As per IS: 10500 Once in a month downstream to discharge Emergency Fire protection and Mock drill records, Periodic during 6 preparedness, safety measures to on site emergency operation phase

VIMTA Labs Limited, Hyderabad/Coimbatore C6-6 Environmental Impact Assessment for the proposed expansion of Synthetic/Natural Organic Aromatic Plant at Chikadasampalayam Village, Mettupalayam Taluk, Coimbatore District, Tamil Nadu Chapter - 6 Environmental Monitoring Program

Sr. Potential Action to be Parameters for Frequency of No. Impact Followed Monitoring Monitoring such as fire take care of fire and plan, evacuation fighting explosion hazards, plan to be assessed and steps taken for their prevention Vegetation, No. of plants, Once in summer and greenbelt / green species winter Maintenance of 7 cover development flora and fauna

Implement waste Records of solid Periodic during management plan waste generation, operation phase that identifies and treatment and characterizes every disposal waste arising Waste associated with the 8 Management plant activities and which identifies the procedures for collection, handling & disposal of each waste arising Maintenance of good Physico-chemical Periodical monitoring at 9 Soil quality soil quality parameters and ash dyke metals. Employees and All relevant Regular check-ups 10 Health migrant labour parameters health check ups

6.5 Monitoring Methods and Data Analysis of Environmental Monitoring

All environmental monitoring and relevant operational data will be stored in a relational database. This will enable efficient retrieval and storage and interpretation of the data. Regular data extracts and interpretive reports will be sent to the regulator

6.5.1 Air Quality Monitoring and Data Analysis

6.5.1.1 Stack Monitoring

The emissions from all the stacks shall be monitored regularly. The exit gas temperature, velocity and pollutant concentrations shall be measured. Any unacceptable deviation from the design values shall be thoroughly examined and appropriate action shall be taken. Air blowers shall be checked for any drop-in exit gas velocity.

6.5.1.2 Workspace Monitoring

The concentration of airborne pollutants in the workspace/work zone environment shall be monitored periodically. If concentrations higher than threshold limit values are observed, the source of fugitive emissions shall be identified and necessary measures shall be taken. If the levels are high, suitable measures as detailed in EMP shall be initiated.

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6.5.1.3 Ambient Air Quality Monitoring

The ground level concentrations of PM10, PM2.5, SO2 and NOX in the ambient air shall be monitored at regular intervals. Any abnormal rise shall be investigated to identify the causes and appropriate action shall be initiated. Greenbelt shall be developed for minimizing dust propagation. The ambient air quality data should be transferred and processed in a centralized computer facility equipped with required software. Trend and statistical analysis should be done.

6.5.2 Water and Wastewater Quality Monitoring and Data Analysis

To ensure a strict control over the water consumption, flow meters shall be installed for all major inlets. All leakages and excess shall be identified and rectified. In addition, periodic water audits shall be conducted to explore further possibilities for water conservation. Methods prescribed in "Standard Methods for Examination of Water and Wastewater" prepared and published jointly by American Public Health Association (APHA), American Water Works Association (AWWA) is recommended.

6.5.2.1 Monitoring of Wastewater Streams

All the wastewater streams in the project area shall be regularly analyzed for flow rate, physical and chemical characteristics. Such analysis is carried out for wastewater at the source of generation, at the point of entry into the wastewater treatment plant and at the point of final discharge. These data shall be properly documented and compared against the design values for any necessary corrective action.

6.5.3 Noise Levels

Noise levels in the work zone environment shall be monitored. The frequency shall be once in three months in the work zone. Similarly, ambient noise levels near habitations shall also be monitored once in three months. Audiometric tests should be conducted periodically for the employees working close to the high noise sources.

6.6 Reporting Schedules of the Monitoring Data

It is proposed that voluntary reporting of environmental performance with reference to the EMP should be undertaken. The environmental monitoring cell shall co-ordinate all monitoring programmes at site and data thus generated shall be regularly furnished to the state/central regulatory authorities. The frequency of reporting shall be once in every six months to the local state PCB officials and to Regional office of MoEF & CC. The Environmental Audit reports shall be prepared for the entire year of operations and shall be regularly submitted to regulatory authorities.

6.7 Cost Provision for Environmental Measures

The total project cost for the proposed expansion project is about Rs. 8.0 Crores. Out of this, Rs. 160 lakhs will be spent on environment protection, management, pollution control, treatment and monitoring systems, appropriate budgetary provision would be made and provision for recurring expenditure for environment management of the project would be made. The details of budget allocation during functional phase are given in Table - 6.4

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TABLE - 6.4 COST PROVISION FOR ENVIRONMENTAL MEASURES

Sr. Capital Cost Recurring Cost Description of Item No. (Rs. in Lakhs) (Rs. in Lakhs) 1 Air pollution control systems 25.0 5.0 2 Water pollution control system 95.0 30.0 3 Environmental Monitoring 10.0 7.0 Greenbelt development, rainwater 30.0 5.0 4 harvesting and others Total 160.0 47.0

6.8 Greenbelt development

6.8.1 Objective

The main objective of the green belt is to provide a barrier between the plant and the surrounding areas. The green belt helps to capture the fugitive emissions and to attenuate the noise generated in the plant apart from improving the aesthetics of the plant site. In order to control the industrial pollutants, dense tree plantations are necessary.

As the sedimentation pattern of the pollutants, ambient and ground level concentration of pollutants are usually determined by the direction and speed of prevailing wind and vertical and horizontal thermal gradients prevailing in the area, the belt of plantations will be designed accordingly. The width of the tree belt depends on the gaseous emissions, availability of land and site characteristics etc.

Geometry of planting of tree is more important in order to have effective wind break by the plantation. For an effective green belt, a mixture of tree species is necessary and some shrubs and grasses will be inter-cropped. As far as possible, there will be no gaps in the green belt. Where opening is imperative, alignments to roads will be such that open gaps are prevented to overcome funnelling action of wind.

The inter-spaces will be planted with grasses, bushes and hedges. Greenbelt is thus a set of rows of trees planted in such a way that they form an effective barrier between the plant and the surroundings. The tree species selected for greenbelt include the native species.

6.8.2 Proposed Greenbelt Development

The Future greenbelt development will be integrated with the existing plantation. The existing greenbelt area of 0.950 ha (25.13%) along with an additional development of 0.4 ha will form a total green belt area of 1.350 ha (35.71%). The photographs of existing greenbelt are presented in Chapter-2, Figure 2.27. The detailed program for greenbelt is suggested below:

 Design of Green Belt

The following guidelines shall be considered in green belt development.

 Shrubs and trees will be planted in encircling rows around the project site;

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 The short trees (<10 m height) will be planted in the first rows (towards plant side) of the green belt. The tall trees (>10 m height) will be planted in the outer rows (away from plant side);  Planting of trees in each row will be in staggered orientation (Triangular form); and  The spacing between the trees shall be maintained slightly less than the normal spaces, so that the trees may grow vertically and slightly increase the effective height of the green belt.

 Greenbelt Split-up Particulars

 Greenbelt is maintained at 25.13% which covers a land area of 0.950 ha for the existing industry in an area of 9500 Sq.m;  Presently, 692 no’s of trees are being maintained in the plant along with 2755 nos of saplings. After the proposed expansion saplings will be planted in and around the boundary of the plant site. The green belt has been designed by considering the tree density of 1500 trees/ha; and  The greenbelt development split-up details are shown in Table - 6.5.

TABLE - 6.5 DETAILS OF GREENBELT AREA SPLIT-UP

% of land area Sr. Area in allocated for Details Region Sq.m No. ha greenbelt development 1 Greenbelt Area -1 North East 8700 0.87 64.44 3 Greenbelt Area -2 South West 1800 0.18 13.34 4 Greenbelt Area -3 East 1600 0.16 11.85 5 Greenbelt Area -4 North West 1400 0.14 10.37 Total 13500 1.350 100% Source: Encee Aromatics (P) Ltd, Mettupalayam

 Plant Species for Green Belt

While selecting the plant species for the proposed expansion of greenbelt, the following points have been taken into consideration:

 Should be a fast growing type;  Should have a thick canopy cover;  Should be perennially green;  Should be preferably of native origin; and  Trees which are suited in the Cauvery delta are ideally planted in the green belt.

 Criteria for Selection of Species

Species to be selected should fulfill the following specific requirements of the areas:  Availability of seed material;  Tolerance to specific conditions or alternatively wide adaptability to eco-physiological conditions;  Rapid growth;

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 Capacity to endure water stress and climatic extremes after initial establishment;  Differences in height, growth habits and bold shapes;  Pleasing appearance;  Capacity to selectively concentrate some materials from the surroundings;  Providing shades;  Large bio-mass and leaf number to provide fodder and fuel;  Ability of fixing atmospheric Nitrogen; and  Improving waste lands.

 Some Additional Information about Plantation

To undertake plantation on site for different purposes, following steps will be involved:

 Raising seedlings in nursery;  Preparation of pits and preparing them for transfer of seedlings; and  After-care.

 Raising Seedlings in Nursery

Seedlings should be raised in nurseries. Adequate number of surplus seedlings should be available considering 10% mortality in seedlings. Healthy seedlings should be ready for transfer to permanent location before rainy season.

 Preparation of pits and preparing them for transfer of seedlings

 Standard pit size would be 1 m x 1 m x 1 m;  The distance between pits would vary depending on their location;  The pits should be filled using good soil from nearby agricultural fields (3 parts) and farm yard manure (1 part);  Rhizobium commercial preparation (1 kg/1000 kg);  BHC powder, if the soil inhabits white ants (Amount variable); and  The pits should be watered prior to plantation of seedlings.

 Recommended Species in the Greenbelt Area by the Horticulturist

The recommended species for the greenbelt development are given in Table - 6.6.

TABLE - 6.6 LIST OF SPECIES SHOWING HIGH AIR POLLUTION TOLERANCE INDEX (APTI)

Sr. Air Pollution Tolerance Scientific Name Common Name Family No Index levels For controlling Suspended 1 Azadirachta indica Neem/Vembu Meliaceae Particulate Matter (SPM), SO2, NOx and Noise For controlling Suspended Elilaippalai/ Devils 2 Alstonia scholaris Apocynaceae Particulate Matter (SPM), SO , Tree 2 NOx and Noise For controlling Suspended Segappumandrai/ 3 Bauhinia variegata Caesalpinaceae Particulate Matter (SPM), SO , Pink Orchid Tree 2 NOx and Noise

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Sr. Air Pollution Tolerance Scientific Name Common Name Family No Index levels For controlling Suspended 4 Dalbergia sissoo Sisoo, Shisham Fabaceae Particulate Matter (SPM), SO2, NOx and Noise For controlling Suspended Thespesia Purvasu/Portia 5 Malvaceae Particulate Matter (SPM), SO , populnea Tree 2 NOx and Noise For controlling Suspended Pterospermum Vennangu/ Kanak 6 Sterculiaceae Particulate Matter (SPM), SO , acerifolium Champa 2 NOx and Noise For controlling Suspended Haldina –Adina – Kadambai 7 Rubiaceae Particulate Matter (SPM), SO , cordifolia /Kadamba/ Haldu 2 NOx and Noise For controlling Suspended Karanj/Pungai/Ind 8 Pongamia pinnata Fabaceae Particulate Matter (SPM), SO , ian Beech Tree 2 NOx and Noise Kala- For controlling Suspended 9 Dalbergia latifolia shisham/Rose Fabaceae Particulate Matter (SPM), SO2, Wood NOx and Noise For controlling Suspended 10 Tectona grandis Teak Verbenaceae Particulate Matter (SPM), SO2, NOx and Noise

All the above-mentioned species are ideally suited for the ecological habitat of Coimbatore, comprising of loamy alluvial soils. They are all fast-growing species, ideal for undertaking greenbelt plantations. The choosing of the species should be ratified by the Horticulturist of the project site and local forest department. The planting will be interspersed with each other to create mixed canopy of the plants and the ideal stance for planting all trees is 3 x 3 m.

VIMTA Labs Limited, Hyderabad/Coimbatore C6-12

CHAPTER-7

ADDITIONAL STUDIES

7.0 ADDITIONAL STUDIES

7.1 Risk Assessment and Disaster Management Plan

Hazard analysis involves the identification and quantification of the various hazards (unsafe conditions) that exist in the plant. On the other hand, risk analysis deals with the identification and quantification of risks, the plant equipment and personnel are exposed to, due to accidents resulting from the hazards present in the plant.

Risk analysis follows an extensive hazard analysis. It involves the identification and assessment of risks the neighbouring populations are exposed to as a result of hazards present. This requires a thorough knowledge of failure probability, credible accident scenario, vulnerability of population etc.

In the sections below, the identification of various hazards, probable risks in the proposed Expansion of synthetic aromatic plant section, maximum credible accident analysis, consequence analysis are addressed which gives a broad identification of risks involved in the plant. Based on the risk estimation for fuel and chemical storage, Disaster Management Plan (DMP) has been prepared.

7.1.1 Approach to the Study

Risk involves the occurrence or potential occurrence of some accidents consisting of an event or sequence of events. The risk assessment study covers the following:

 Identification of potential hazard areas;  Identification of representative failure cases;  Visualization of the resulting scenarios in terms of fire (thermal radiation) and explosion;  Assessment of the overall damage potential of the identified hazardous events and the impact zones from the accidental scenarios;  Assessment of the overall suitability of the site from hazard minimization and disaster mitigation points of view;  Furnishing specific recommendations on the minimization of the worst accident possibilities; and  Preparation of broad Disaster Management Plan (DMP), On-site and Off-site Emergency Plan, which includes Occupational and Health Safety Plan.

7.1.2 Hazard Identification

Identification and quantification of hazards in the synthetic aromatic plant is of primary significance in the analysis, quantification and cost-effective control of accidents. A classical definition of hazard states that hazard is in fact the characteristic of system/plant/process that presents potential for an accident.

Hence, all the components of a system/plant/process need to be thoroughly examined to assess their potential for initiating or propagating an unplanned event/sequence of events, which can be termed as an accident. The following two methods for hazard identification have been employed in the study:

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 Identification of major hazardous units based on Manufacture, Storage and Import of Hazardous Chemicals Rules, 1989 of Government of India (GOI Rules, 1989); and  Identification of hazardous units and storage units based on relative ranking technique, viz. Fire-Explosion and Toxicity Index (FE&TI).

7.1.3 Identification of Major Hazardous Units

Hazardous substances may be classified into three main classes such as flammable substances and unstable substances and toxic substances. The ratings for a large number of chemicals/substances based on flammability, reactivity and toxicity have been given in NFPA Codes 49 and 345 M. In the proposed project expansion, HSD will be stored in-built tank of DG set for generation of power in case of grid failure. The details of HSD storage and its classification as per GOI rules are given in Table-7.1. Hazardous characteristics of HSD are listed in Table-7.2.

TABLE-7.1 APPLICABILITY OF GOI RULES TO FUEL

Sr. Threshold Quantity (T) Chemical/ Listed in No. Storage for Application of Rules Fuel Schedule 5,7-9,13-15 10-12 1 x 15 KL & 1x 10 1 HSD 3 (1) 25 MT 200 MT KL storage tank 2. LPG 3 (1) Cylinders 25 MT 200 MT

TABLE-7.2 PROPERTIES OF STORAGE FUELS

Chemical/ Codes/Label TLV FBP MP FP UEL LEL Fuel °C % HSD Flammable 5 mg/m3 400 338 32.96 7.5 0.6 LPG Flammable 1000 ppm - - 104.4 9.5 1.9

TLV : Threshold Limit Value FBP : Final Boiling Point MP : Melting Point FP : Flash Point UEL : Upper Explosive Limit LEL : Lower Explosive Limit

7.1.4 Common Causes of Accidents

Based on the analysis of past accident information, common causes of accidents are identified as:  Poor housekeeping;  Improper use of tools, equipment, facilities;  Unsafe or defective equipment facilities;  Lack of proper procedures;  Failure to follow prescribed procedures;  Jobs not understood;  Lack of awareness of involved hazards;  Lack of guides and safety devices; and  Lack of protective equipment and clothing.

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7.1.5 Failures of Human Systems

Major causes of human failures reported are due to:

 Stress induced by poor equipment design, unfavourable environmental conditions, fatigue, etc;  Lack of training in safety and loss prevention;  Indecision in critical situations; and  Inexperienced staff being employed in hazardous situations.

Often, human errors are not analysed while accident reporting and accident reports only provide information about equipment and/or component failures. Hence, a great deal of uncertainty surrounds analysis of failure of human systems and consequent damages.

7.2 Hazard Assessment and Evaluation

7.2.1 Methodology

An assessment of the conceptual design is conducted for the purpose of identifying and examining hazards related to utility and support systems, environmental factors, facilities, and safeguards.

7.2.2 Preliminary Hazard Analysis (PHA)

A preliminary hazard analysis is carried out initially to identify the major hazards associated with storage and the processes of the plant. This is followed by consequence analysis to quantify these hazards. The various process activities involved in the plant purely mechanical operations those are not complex or hazardous. Hence, no major hazards with potential for any emergency situation exist in the process plants. The other hazards related to the Plant and storage areas are given below in Table - 7.3.

TABLE - 7.3 PRELIMINARY HAZARD ANALYSIS FOR PROCESS AREAS

Sr. Operation Possible No. process Precautionary measures Measures to be taken if any Hazardous Equipment hazard occurs

/areas 1 Multi Effect Burnt injury 1. Emergency kit is kept 1. To switch off the system. Evaporator caused by ready nearer to the MEE. 2. Fire extinguishers shall steam. 2. Firefighting equipment immediately be used. Fire in Stripper powder / foam type 3. Water hose will be operated extinguishers on vehicles to set out the fire. and mounted on walls are 4. Emergency alarm to be put kept readily available. on to signal the accident. 3. Hydrant systems 5. First aid shall be rushed to provided at conspicuous the site by the security staff. places. 6. Inform the manager / 4. Water hose is provided. Director present in the factory. 5. No smoking zone - 7. Immediate First Aid should declared. be given to the victims and sent 6. Operator’s staff and to hospital for further labours are trained to fight treatment. fire.

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Sr. Operation Possible No. process Precautionary measures Measures to be taken if any Hazardous Equipment hazard occurs

/areas 2 Fire or leak in Boiler crack 1. Continuous monitoring of 1. Immediately stop the fuel in Boiler may lead to Boiler is done to maintain to the boiler and vent out the splash of hot and observe proper remaining steam. material temperature. 2. Water sprinkler system to 2. Movement of staff and cool the system and alert the labour is not permitted near fire –fighting team. to the boiler house. 3. Further process is stopped till 3. Heat zone sign displayed repairs are conducted. near to the Boiler. 4. Safety shoes, safety goggles, hand gloves, apron and safety helmet provided to workers. 3 Water tank Drowning of A. Cooling pond/ water tank personnel is should be fenced or possible covered. Drowned person should B. Must not be permitted immediately be given first aid. for using the tank/pond for general utility. 4 Control Rooms Electrical In an event of electric leakage Shock possible Earth leakage circuit main supply should be due to breaker is installed. immediately shut off. leakage. 5 Welding Gas Fire hazards 1. Emergency kit is kept 1 Installation of inert gas Oxygen LPG caused by readily available in store Nitrogen, Carbon dioxide. and /Acetylene flames and and working place. Equipments to take care of fire cylinders leakage. 2. Firefighting equipments hazards in the factory are being powder / Foam type installed. extinguishers on vehicle 2. Hydrant point will be for gas and mounting on walls are cylinders stores and point kept readily available. where welding operation is 3. Hydrant system provided done. at conspicuous place. 4. Firefighting trained man is employed. 5. Cylinders are handled carefully without dropping or rolling. 6. Precaution to ensure that cylinders are not allowed to dash with each other. 7. Sand bed cushion available for the purpose of unloading cylinders. 8. Periodic inspection done to avoid accident of any kind. 6 Electrical Electrical (B) Shock proof insulated Cut off the power supply, treat transformer power PCC Platform. the injured for electrical shock 7. Diesel Oil/ Fire hazard 1. Fire proof system made Transformer may be available and fighting Proper care is to be taken while Oil etc. possible if equipment like Foam, storing and keeping the oil storage. directly comes extinguishers and hydrant drums. in contact. system, etc., are kept.

8 Lab Chemicals In case of 1. Proper care should be Instruction Boards to be bottle taken while handling the displaced for knowledge of breakage, chemicals. other workers to take care of causes burns 2. First Aid Box should be the situation in the event of and damage available at Site with all occurrence.

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Sr. Operation Possible No. process Precautionary measures Measures to be taken if any Hazardous Equipment hazard occurs

/areas to respirator necessary and required systems medicines. due to 3. Firefighting equipment inhalation. like Extinguishers, sand buckets should be available always. 9 Cooling Tower Burns, while 1. All workers are not 1. Always precautionary handling permitted near the tank measures should be taken and cooling tower and hot water line. Railing adopted. treatment is provided all round the 2. If any worker gets hurt, then chemicals. tank. immediate first aid should be 2. Victims are first aided by provided to him and he should trained person and then be referred to the hospital / referred to Doctor/ hospital. Doctor for further treatment.

TABLE-7.4 PRELIMINARY HAZARD ANALYSIS IN GENERAL Description of PHA Plausible Recommendation Provision Category Hazard Environ- If there is any - All electrical fittings and cables will mental leakage and be provided as per the specified factors eventuality of standards. All motor starters are source of ignition. flame proof. Highly A well-designed fire Fire extinguisher of small size and inflammable protection including big size are provided at all nature of fuels protein foam, dry potential fire hazard places. In may cause fire powder, CO2 addition to the above, fire hydrant hazard in the extinguisher should network is also provided. storage facility. be provided.

7.2.3 Maximum Credible Accident Analysis (MCAA)

Hazardous substances may be released as a result of failures or catastrophes, causing possible damage to the surrounding area. A disastrous situation may arise due to outcome of fire, explosion or toxic hazards in addition to other natural causes, which eventually lead to loss of life, property and ecological imbalance. Major hazards posed by flammable storage can be identified taking recourse to MCA analysis. Depending upon the effective hazardous attributes and their impact on the event, the maximum effect on the surrounding environment and the respective damage caused can be assessed.

The results of consequence analysis are useful for getting information about all known and unknown effects that are of importance when some failure scenario occurs in the proposed expansion activity and also to get information as how to deal with the possible catastrophic events. It also gives the residents in the project and people living in the vicinity of the area, an understanding of their personal situation.

Damage Criteria

The Inbuilt storage of HSD in the DG Set and unloading facility may lead to fire and explosion hazards. The damage criteria due to accidental release of any hydrocarbon

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arise from fire and explosion. The vapours of these fuels are not toxic and hence no effects of toxicity are expected.

Tank fire will occur if the radiation intensity is high on the peripheral surface of the tank leading to increase in internal tank pressure. Pool fire will occur when fuel collected in the dyke due to leakage gets ignited.

 Fire Damage

A flammable liquid in a pool will burn with a large turbulent diffusion flame. This releases heat based on the heat of combustion and the burning rate of the liquid. A part of the heat is radiated while the rest is convicted away by rising hot air and combustion products. The radiations can heat the contents of a nearby storage or process unit to above its ignition temperature and thus result in a spread of fire. The radiations can also cause severe burns or fatalities of workers or fire fighters located within a certain distance.

Hence, it will be important to know beforehand the damage potential of a flammable liquid pool likely to be created due to leakage or catastrophic failure of a storage or process vessel. This will help to decide the location of other storage vessels and decide the type of protective clothing the workers/fire fighters need, the duration of time for which they can be in the zone, the fire extinguishing measures needed and the protection methods needed for the nearby storage/process vessels. The damage effects on people and equipment due to thermal radiation intensity are presented in Table 7.5.

TABLE-7.5 DAMAGE DUE TO INCIDENT RADIATION INTENSITIES

Sr. Incident Type of Damage Intensity No. Radiation Damage to Equipment Damage to People (kW/m2) 100% lethality in 1 min. 1% 1. 37.5 Damage to process equipment lethality in 10 sec. Minimum energy required to ignite 50% Lethality in 1 min. 2. 25.0 wood at indefinitely long exposure Significant injury in 10 sec. without a flame Maximum thermal radiation 3. 19.0 intensity allowed on thermally - unprotected adjoining equipment Minimum energy to ignite with a 4. 12.5 1% lethality in 1 min. flame; melts plastic tubing Causes pain if duration is longer 5. 4.5 - than 20 sec, however blistering is un-likely (First degree burns) Causes no discomfort on long 6. 1.6 - exposures Source: Techniques for Assessing Industrial Hazards by World Bank

The effect of incident radiation intensity and exposure time on lethality is given in Table- 7.6.

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TABLE-7.6 RADIATION EXPOSURE AND LETHALITY

Radiation Exposure Time Lethality (%) Degree of Burns Intensity (seconds) (kW/m2) 1.6 -- 0 No Discomfort even after long exposure 4.5 20 0 1st 4.5 50 0 1st 8.0 20 0 1st 8.0 50 <1 3rd 8.0 60 <1 3rd 12.0 20 <1 2nd 12.0 50 8 3rd 12.5 -- 1 -- 25.0 -- 50 -- 37.5 -- 100 --

7.2.4 Hazardous Events with Greatest Contribution to Fatality Risk

The hazardous event scenarios likely to make the greatest contribution to the risk of potential fatalities are summarized in Table-7.7. ‘Onsite facility’ refers to the operating site at AAP, whereas ‘offsite facility’ refers to transport and handling systems, which are away from the AAP operating site.

TABLE-7.7 HAZARDOUS EVENTS CONTRIBUTING TO ON-SITE FACILITY RISK

Hazardous Event Risk Rank Consequences of Interest Onsite vehicle impact on 3 Potential for single fatalities, onsite personnel impact only Entrapment/struck by 3 Potential for single fatalities, onsite Machinery impact only Fall from heights 3 Potential for single fatalities, onsite impact only Electrocution 3 Potential for single fatalities, onsite impact only Storage stack collapse 3 Potential for single fatalities, onsite impact only

7.2.5 Risk Assessment Summary

 The industry is operating in Chikadasampalayam Village, Mettupalayam Taluk, Coimbatore District, Tamil Nadu with uninterrupted power supply & there is a petrol bunk within 3 km. There would not be necessity for bulk storage of diesel hence the major impacts to community and environmental is less. Proper handling of fuel systems and machineries would reduce the probability; and

 The hazardous event scenarios and risks in general at this facility can be adequately

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managed to acceptable levels by performing the recommended safety studies as part of detailed design, applying recommended control strategies and implementing a Safety Management System

7.2.6 Recommended Approach to Combat with the Possible Accidents

Considering all possible accident scenarios as analysed in the risk analysis, it is established that there will not be any major potential hazards in the project causing major damages inside and outside the boundary. In spite of this, the project authorities should be well prepared to handle any such eventuality as described below;

In case of Explosion:

The following measures and actions are to be taken:

 Evacuate the area in vicinity;  Take all necessary actions to avoid escalation of the accident;  If problem appears to be out of control, call fire brigade and police. Report to the District collector; and  Provide first aid to the victims as suggested in the Material Safety Data Sheets.

Spillage due to Diesel Storage Tank Rupture:

This accident scenario has considerable damage potential. In such scenario the following steps should be taken:

 Contain fuel supply to the tankers;  Determine the extent of damage; and  Undertake all the emergency actions mentioned above.

7.3 Disaster Management Plan

The disaster management plan has been prepared in line with Coimbatore District Disaster Management Plan, 2016. A disaster is a catastrophic situation in which suddenly, people are plunged into helplessness and suffering, as a result, need protection, clothing, shelter, medical and social care and other necessities of life.

Disasters can be divided into two main groups. In the first, disasters resulting from natural phenomena like earthquakes, volcanic eruptions, storm surges, cyclones, tropical storms, floods, avalanches, landslides, forest fires etc. The second group includes disastrous events occasioned by man, or man’s impact upon the environment. Examples are armed conflict, radiation accidents, campus fires, river pollution, air, sea, rail and road transport accidents and can reach catastrophic dimensions in terms of human loss.

There can be no set criteria for assessing the gravity of a disaster in the abstract since this depends to a large extent on the physical, economic and social environment in which it occurs. What would be considered a major disaster in a developing country, ill-equipped to cope with the problems involved may not mean more than a temporary emergency elsewhere.

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However, all disaster brings in their wake similar consequences that call for immediate action, whether at the local, national or international level, for the rescue and relief of the victims. This includes the search for the dead and injured and removal of debris and social care, the provision of temporary shelter to the homeless food, clothing and medical supplies, and the rapid re-establishment of essential services.

7.3.1 Objectives of Disaster Management Plan (DMP)

The Disaster Management Plan is aimed to ensure safety of life, protection of environment, protection of installation, restoration of production and salvage operations in this same order of priorities. For effective implementation of the Disaster Management Plan, it will be widely circulated and personnel training given through rehearsals/drills.

The Disaster Management Plan would reflect the probable, consequential severity of the undesired event due to deteriorating conditions or through ‘Knock on’ effects. Further the management should be able to demonstrate that their assessment of the consequences uses good supporting evidence and is based on currently available and reliable information, incident data from internal and external sources and if necessary the reports of outside agencies. To tackle the consequences of a major emergency inside the factory or immediate vicinity of the factory, a planned emergency document is prepared, called the “Disaster Management Plan”

The objective of the Disaster Management Plan is to make use of the combined resources of the plant and the outside services to achieve the following:

 Effect the rescue and medical treatment of casualties;  Safeguard other people;  Minimize damage to property and the environment;  Initially contain and ultimately bring the incident under control;  Identify any dead;  Provide for the needs of relatives;  Provide authoritative information to the news media;  Secure the safe rehabilitation of affected area; and  Preserve relevant records and equipment for the subsequent inquiry into the cause and circumstances of the Emergency.

In effect, it is to optimize operational efficiency to rescue rehabilitation and render medical help and to restore normalcy.

7.3.2 Specific Emergencies Anticipated

Fire consequences can be disastrous, since they involve huge quantities of fuel either stored or in dynamic inventory in pipelines or in nearby areas. Toxic releases can affect persons working around. Preliminary hazard Analysis has provided a basis for consequence estimation.

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7.3.3 Emergency Organization

It is recommended to set up an Emergency Organization. A senior executive who has control over the affairs of the plant would be heading the Emergency Organization. He would be designated at Site Controller. Works Manager would be designated as the Incident Controller. In the case of stores, utilities, open areas, which are not under the control of the Production Heads, Senior Executive responsible for maintenance of utilities would be designated as Incident Controller. All the Incident Controllers would be reporting to the Site Controller.

Each Incident Controller, for himself, organizes a team responsible for controlling the incidence with the personnel under his control. Shift In-charge would be the reporting officer, who would bring the incidence to the notice of the Incidence Controller and Site Controller.

Emergency co-ordinators would be appointed who would undertake the responsibilities like fire fighting, rescue, rehabilitation, transport and provide essential and support services. For this purposes, Security In-charge, Personnel Department, Essential services personnel would be engaged. All these personnel would be designated as Key personnel.

In each shift, electrical supervisor, electricians and other maintenance staff would be drafted for emergency operations. In the event of power or communication system failure, some of staff members in the office/plant offices would be drafted and their services would be utilized as messengers for quick passing of communications. All these personnel would be declared as essential personnel.

7.3.3.1 Emergency Communication

Whoever notices an emergency situation such as fire, escalation of fire, leakage etc will inform his immediate superior and Emergency Control Center. A place nearer to the security office shall be identified as Emergency Control Center. The person on duty in the Emergency Control Center would appraise the Site Controller. Site Controller verifies the situation from the Incident Controller of that area or the Shift In-charge and takes a decision about an impending On Site Emergency. This would be communicated to all the Incident Controllers, Emergency Co-ordinators. Simultaneously, the emergency warning system would be activated on the instructions of the Site Controller.

7.3.4 Onsite Emergency Preparedness and Response for Accidents

7.3.4.1 Emergency Responsibilities

The responsibilities of the key personnel are appended below:

Site Controller:

On receiving information about emergency, he would rush to Emergency Control Center (ECC) and take charge of ECC and the situation and;

 Assesses the magnitude of the situation on the advice of incident Controller and decides,

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Whether the affected area needs to be evacuated;  Whether personnel who are at assembly points need to be evacuated;  Declare Emergency and order for operation of emergency siren;  Organizes announcement by public address system about location of emergency;  Assesses which areas are likely to be affected, or need to be evacuated or need to be alerted;  Maintains a continuous review of possible development and assesses the situation in consultation with Incident Controller and other Key Personnel as to whether shutting down the plant or any section of the plant is required and if evacuation of persons is required;  Directs personnel for rescue, rehabilitation, transport, fire, brigade, medical and other designated mutual support systems locally available, for meeting emergencies;  Controls evacuation of affected areas, if the situation is likely to go out of control or effects are likely to go beyond the premises of the factory, informs the District Emergency Authority, Police, Hospital and seeks their intervention and help;  Informs the Inspector of Factories, Deputy Chief Inspector of Factories, TNPCB and other statutory authorities;  Gives a public statement if necessary;  Keeps record of chronological events and prepares an investigation report and preserve evidence; and  On completion of On-Site Emergency and restoration of normalcy, declares all clear and orders for all clear warning.

Incident Controller:

 Assembles the incident control team;  Directs operations within the affected areas with the priorities for safety to personnel minimize damage to the plant, property and environment and minimize the loss of materials;  Directs the shutting down and evacuation of plant and areas likely to be adversely affected by the emergency;  Ensure that key personnel help is sought;  Provides advice and information to the Fire and Security Officer and the Local Fire Services as and when they arrive;  Ensures that all non-essential workers/staff of the affected areas evacuated to the appropriate assembly points, and the areas are searched for casualties;  Has regard to the need for preservation of evidence so as to facilitate any inquiry into the causes and circumstances, which caused or escalated the emergency;  Co-ordinates with emergency services at the site;  Provides tools and safety equipment to the team members;  Keeps in touch with the team and advice them regarding the method of control to be used; and  Keeps the Site Controller of Emergency informed of the progress being made.

Emergency Coordinator - Rescue, Fire Fighting:

 Helps the incident Controller in containment of the emergency;  Ensures fire pumps are in operating conditions and instructs pump house operator to be ready for any emergency with standby arrangement;  Guides the fire fighting crew i.e. firemen, trained plant personnel and security staff;  Organizes shifting of the fire fighting facilities to the emergency site, if required;

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 Takes guidance of the Incident Controller for fire fighting as well as assesses the requirements of outside help;  Arranges to control the traffic at the gate and the incident area;  Directs the security staff to the incident site to take part in the emergency operations under his guidance and supervision;  Evacuates the people in the plant or in the nearby areas as advised by Site Controller;  Searches for casualties and arranges proper aid for them;  Assembles search and evacuation team;  Arranges for safety equipment for the members of this team;  Decides which paths the evacuated workers should follow; and  Maintains law and order in the area, and if necessary seeks the help of police.

Emergency Coordinator-Medical, Mutual Aid, Rehabilitation, Transport and Communication:

 In the event of failure of electric supply and thereby internal telephone, sets up communication point and establishes contact with the ECC;  Organizes medical treatment to the injured and if necessary will shift the injured to nearby hospitals;  Mobilizes extra medical help from outside, if necessary;  Keeps a list of qualified first aid providers of the factory and seek their assistance;  Maintains first aid and medical emergency requirements;  Makes sure that all safety equipment is made available to the emergency team;  Assists Site Controller with necessary data and to coordinate the emergency activities;  Assists Site Controller in updating emergency plan, organizing mock drills verification of inventory of emergency facilities and furnishing report to Site Controller;  Maintains liaison with Civil Administration;  Ensures availability of canteen facilities and maintenance of rehabilitation center;  He will be in liaison with Site Controller/Incident Controller;  Ensures transportation facility;  Ensures availability of necessary cash for rescue/rehabilitation and emergency expenditure;  Controls rehabilitation of affected areas on discontinuation of emergency; and  Ensures availability of diesel/petrol for transport vehicles engaged in emergency operation.

Emergency Coordinator - Essential Services:

 He would assist Site Controller and Incident Controller;  Maintains essential services like Diesel Generator, Water, Fire Water, Compressed Air/Instrument Air, power supply for lighting;  He would plan alternate facilities in the event of power failure, to maintain essential services such as lighting, refrigeration plant etc;  He would organize separate electrical connections for all utilities and emergency services so that in the event of emergency or fires, essential services and utilities are not affected;  Gives necessary instructions regarding emergency electrical supply, isolation of certain sections etc. to shift in-charge and electricians; and  Ensures availability of adequate quantities of protective equipment and other emergency materials, spares etc.

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General Responsibilities of Employees during an Emergency:

During an emergency, it becomes more enhanced and pronounced when an emergency warning is raised, the workers if they are in-charge of process equipment should adopt safe and emergency shut down and attend any prescribed duty as essential employee. If no such responsibility is assigned, he should adopt a safe course to assembly point and await instructions. He should not resort to spread panic. On the other hand, he must assist emergency personnel towards objectives of DMP.

7.3.4.2 Emergency Facilities

Emergency Control Centre (ECC):

For the time being, Office Block or a place nearer to the security office is identified as Emergency Control Centre. It would have external Telephone, Fax, and Telex facility. All the Site Controller/ Incident Controller Officers, Senior Personnel would be located here. Also, it would be an elevated place. The following information and equipment are to be provided at the Emergency Control Centre (ECC).

 Intercom, telephone;  P and T telephone;  Safe contained breathing apparatus;  Fire suit/gas tight goggles/gloves/helmets;  Hand tools, wind direction/velocities indications;  Public address megaphone, hand bell, telephone directories;  (Internal P and T) factory layout, site plan;  Emergency lamp/torch light/batteries;  Plan indicating locations of hazard inventories, plant control room, sources of safety equipment, work road plan, assembly points, rescue location vulnerable zones, escape routes;  Hazard chart;  Emergency shut-down procedures;  Nominal roll of employees;  List of key personnel, list of essential employees, list of Emergency Co-ordinators  Duties of key personnel;  Address with telephone numbers and key personnel, emergency coordinator, essential employees; and  Important address and telephone numbers including Government agencies, neighbouring industries and sources of help, out side experts, chemical fact sheets population details around the factory.

Assembly Point:

Number of assembly points depending upon the plant location would be identified wherein employees who are not directly connected with the disaster management would be assembled for safety and rescue. Emergency breathing apparatus, minimum facilities like water etc. would be organized. In view of the size of plant, different locations are ear marked as assembly points. Depending upon the location of hazard, the assembly points are to be used.

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Fire Fighting Facilities:

First Aid Fire fighting equipment suitable for emergency should be maintained in each section in the plant. This would be as per statutory requirements. However, fire hydrant line covering major areas would be laid. It would be maintained at 6- kg/cm2 pressure. Fire alarms would be located in the bulk storage areas. Fire officer will be the commanding officer of fire fighting services.

Location of Wind Sock:

On the top of the Administration block and the top of each production blocks, windsocks shall be installed to indicate direction of wind for emergency escape.

Emergency Medical Facilities:

Stretchers, gas masks and general first aid materials for dealing with fire burns would be maintained in the medical center as well as in the emergency control room. Medical superintendent of the township will be the head of the causality services ward. Private medical practitioners help would be also are sought. Government hospital would be approached for emergency help.

Apart from plant first aid facilities, external facilities would be augmented. Names of Medical Personnel, Medical facilities in the area would be prepared and updated. Necessary specific medicines for emergency treatment of Burns for Patients and for those affected by toxicity would be maintained. Breathing apparatus and other emergency medical equipment would be provided and maintained. The help of near by industrial management in this regard would be taken on mutual support basis.

Ambulance:

An ambulance with driver availability in all the shifts and an emergency shift vehicle would be ensured and maintained to transport injured or affected persons. Number of persons would be trained in first aid so that, in every shift, first aid personnel would be available.

7.3.4.3 Emergency Actions

Emergency Warning

Communication of emergency would be made familiar to the personnel inside the plant and people outside. An emergency warning system shall be established.

Emergency Shutdown

There are number of facilities which can be provided to help deal with hazardous conditions, when a tank is on fire. The suggested arrangements are: 1. Stop the production; 2. Dilute contents; 3. Remove heat; 4. Deluge with water; and 5. Transfer contents.

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Whether a given method is appropriate depends on the particular case. Cessation of agitation may be the best action in some instances but not in others. Stopping of the feed may require the provision of by pass arrangements.

Methods of removing additional heat include removal through the normal cooling arrangements or use of an emergency cooling system. Cooling facilities, which use vaporing liquid, may be particularly effective, since a large increase in vaporization can be obtained by dropping pressure.

Evacuation of Personnel:

There could be more number of persons in the storage area and other areas in the vicinity. The area would have adequate number of exits and staircases. In the event of an emergency, unconnected personnel have to escape to assembly point. Operators have to take emergency shutdown procedure and escape. Time Office maintains a copy of deployment of employees in each shift, at ECC. If necessary, persons can be evacuated by rescue teams.

All Clear Signal:

Also, at the end of an emergency, after discussing with Incident Controllers and Emergency Co-ordinators, the Site Controller orders an all clear signal. When it becomes essential, the Site Controller communicates to the District Emergency Authority, Police, and Fire service personnel regarding help required or development of the situation into an Off-Site Emergency.

7.3.4.4 General

Employee Information:

During an emergency, employees would be warned by raising siren in specific pattern. Employees would be given training of escape routes, taking shelter, protecting from toxic effects. Employees would be provided with information related to fire hazards, antidotes and first aid measures. Those who would be designated as key personnel and essential employees should be given training to emergency response.

Public Information and Warning:

The industrial disaster effects related to this plant may mostly be confined to the plant area. The detailed risk analysis has indicated that the pool fire effects would not be felt outside. However, as an abundant precaution, the information related to chemicals in use would be furnished to District Emergency Authority for necessary dissemination to general public and for any use during an off-site emergency. Factories of this size and nature are in existence in our state since long time.

Co-ordination with Local Authorities:

Keeping in view of the nature of emergency, two levels of coordination are proposed. In the case of an On-Site Emergency, resources within the organization would be mobilized and in the event of extreme emergency, local authorities help should be sought.

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In the event of an emergency developing into an off-site emergency, local authority and District emergency Authority (normally the Collector) would be appraised and under his supervision, the Off-Site Disaster Management Plan would be exercised. For this purpose, the facilities that are available locally, i.e. medical, transport, personnel, rescue accommodation, voluntary organizations etc. would be mustered. Necessary rehearsals and training in the form of mock drills should be organized.

Mutual Aid:

Mutual aid in the form of technical personnel, runners, helpers, special protective equipment, transport vehicles, communication facility etc should be sought from the neighbouring industrial management.

Mock Drills:

Emergency preparedness is an important step in planning of Industrial Disaster Management. Personnel would be trained suitably and prepared mentally and physically in emergency response through carefully planned, simulated procedures. Similarly, the key personnel and essential personnel should be trained in the operations. Co- ordination meeting with the line Department officials for preparedness and implementation, viability and conduct of Mock Drill/ training should be conducted along with Divisional or Taluk level of Coimbatore district.

Important Information:

Once the Plant goes into stream, important information such as names and addresses of key personnel, essential employees, medical personnel, outside the plant, transporters address, address of those connected with Off Site Emergency such as Police, Local Authorities, Fire Services, District Emergency Authority should be prepared and maintained.

7.3.5 Off-Site Emergency Preparedness Plan

7.3.5.1 Introduction

Off-site emergency plan follows the on-site emergency plan. When the consequences of an emergency situation go beyond the plant boundaries, it becomes an off-site emergency. Off-site emergency is essentially the responsibility of the public administration. However, the factory management will provide the public administration with the technical information relating to the nature, quantum and probable consequences on the neighbouring population.

The off-site plan in detail will be based on those events, which are most likely to occur, but other less likely events, which have severe consequence, will also be considered. Incidents which have very severe consequences yet have a small probability of occurrence should also be considered during the preparation of the plan. However, the key feature of a good off-site emergency plan is flexibility in its application to emergencies other than those specifically included in the formation of the plan.

The roles of the various parties who will be involved in the implementation of an off-site plan are described below. Depending on local arrangements, the responsibility for the

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off-site plan should be either rest with the works management or, with the local authority. Either way, the plan should identify an emergency co-ordinating officer, who would take the overall command of the off-site activities. As with the on-site plan, an emergency control center should be setup within which the emergency co-ordinating officer can operate.

An early decision will be required in many cases on the advice to be given to people living "within range" of the accident - in particular whether they should be evacuated or told to go indoors. In the latter case, the decision can regularly be reviewed in the event of an escalation of the incident. Consideration of evacuation may include the following factors:

a. In the case of a major fire but without explosion risk (e.g. an oil storage tank), only houses close to the fire likely need to be evacuated, although a severe smoke hazard may require this to be reviewed periodically;

b. If a fire is escalating and in turn threatening a store of hazardous material, it might be necessary to evacuate people nearby, but only if there is time; if insufficient time exists, people should be advised to stay indoors and shield them from the fire. This latter case particularly applies if the installation at risk could produce a fireball with very severe thermal radiation effects;

c. For release or potential release of toxic materials, limited evacuation may be appropriate down wind, if there is time. The decision would depend partly on the type of housing "at risk". Conventional housing of solid construction with windows closed offers substantial protection from the effects of a toxic cloud, while shanty house, which exist close to factories, offer little or no protection.

The major difference between releases of toxic and flammable materials is that toxic clouds are generally hazardous down to much lower concentrations and therefore hazardous over greater distances. Also, a toxic cloud drifting at, say 300 m per minute covers a large area of land very quickly.

Any consideration of evacuation should take this into account. Although the plan will have sufficient flexibility built in to cover the consequences of the range of accidents identified for the on-site plan, it will cover in some detail the handling of the emergency to a particular distance from each major hazard works.

7.3.5.2 Aspects Proposed to be considered in the Off-Site Emergency Plan

The main aspects, which should be included in the emergency plan, are:

 Organization

Details of command structure, warning systems, implementation procedures, emergency control centres. Names and appointments of incident controller, site main controller, their deputies and other key personnel.

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 Communications

Identification of personnel involved, communication centre, call signs, network, list of telephone numbers.

 Specialized knowledge

Details of specialist bodies, firms and people upon whom it may be necessary to call e.g. those with specialized chemical knowledge and laboratories.

 Voluntary organizations

Details of organizers, telephone numbers, resources etc.

 Chemical information

Details of the hazardous substances stored or procedure on each site and a summary of the risks associated with them.

 Meteorological information

Arrangements for obtaining details of weather conditions prevailing at the time and weather forecasts.

 Humanitarian arrangements

Transport, evacuation centres, emergency feeding treatment of injured, first aid, ambulances and temporary mortuaries.

 Public information

Arrangements for dealing with the media press office and informing relatives, etc.

 Assessment of emergency plan

Arrangements for: (a) Collecting information on the causes of the emergency; (b) Reviewing the efficiency and effectiveness of all aspects of the emergency plan.

7.3.5.3 Role of the Emergency Co-ordinating Officer

The various emergency services should be co-ordinated by an Emergency Co- ordinating Officer (ECO), who will be designated by the district collector. The ECO should liaison closely with the site main controller.

The Emergency Operation Centre (EOC) functioning at each Taluk office Collectorate, round the clock. Again, depending on local arrangements, for very severe incidents with major or prolonged off-site consequences, the external control should be passed to a senior local authority administrator or even an administrator appointed by the central or state government.

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7.3.5.4 Role of the Local Authority

The duty to prepare the off-site plan lies with the local authorities. The Emergency Planning Officer (EPO) appointed should carry out his duty in preparing for a whole range of different emergencies within the local authority area. The EPO should liaison with the works, to obtain the information to provide the basis for the plan. This liaison should ensure that the plan is continually kept upto date.

It will be the responsibility of the EPO to ensure that all those organizations, which will be involved in off site handling of the emergency situation, know of their role and are able to accept it by having for example, sufficient staff and appropriate equipment to cover their particular responsibilities. Rehearsals for off-site plans should be organized by the EPO.

7.3.5.5 Role of Police

Formal duties of the police during an emergency include protecting life and property and controlling traffic movements. Their functions should include controlling bystanders, evacuating the public, identifying the dead and dealing with casualties, and informing relatives of death or injury.

7.3.5.6 Role of Fire Authorities

The control of a fire should be normally the responsibility of the senior fire brigade officer who would take over the handling of the fire from the site incident controller on arrival at the site. The senior fire brigade officer should also have a similar responsibility for other events, such as explosions and toxic release.

Fire authorities in the region should be appraised about the location of all stores of flammable materials, water and foam supply points, and fire-fighting equipment. They should be involved in on-site emergency rehearsals both as participants, and on occasion, as observers of exercises involving only site personnel.

7.3.5.7 Role of Health Authorities

Health authorities, including doctors, surgeons, hospitals, ambulances, and so on, should have a vital part to play following a major accident, and they should form an integral part of the emergency plan. For major fires, injuries should be the result of the effects of thermal radiation to a varying degree, and the knowledge and experience to handle this in all but extreme cases may be generally available in most hospitals. For major toxic releases, the effects vary according to the chemical in question, and the health authorities should be apprised about the likely toxic releases from the plant, which will enable them in dealing with the aftermath of a toxic release with treatment appropriate to such casualties. Major off-site incidents are likely to require medical equipment and facilities additional to those available locally, and a medical "mutual aid” scheme should exist to enable the assistance of neighbouring authorities to be obtained in the event of an emergency.

7.3.5.8 Role of Government Safety Authority

This will be the factory inspectorate available in the region. Inspectors are likely to

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satisfy themselves that the organization responsible for producing the off-site plan has made adequate arrangements for handling emergencies of all types including major emergencies. They may wish to see well-documented procedures and evidence of exercise undertaken to test the plan.

In the event of an accident, local arrangements regarding the role of the factory inspector will apply. These may vary from keeping a watching brief to a close involvement in advising on operations in case involvement in advising on operations. In cases where toxic gases may have been released, the factory inspectorate may be the only external agency with equipment and resources to carry out tests.

7.4 Occupational Health and Safety

Large industries, in general and chemical plants in particular where multifarious activities are involved during construction, erection, testing, commissioning, operation and maintenance, the men, materials and machines are the basic inputs. Along with the boons, the industrialization generally brings several problems like occupational health and safety.

The Occupational Health Management system / the industrial hygiene and medical system Protects and enhances health, productivity, and wellness by anticipating, recognizing, evaluating, controlling, and managing workplace health hazards (e.g. chemical, physical, biological, ergonomic, psychological, etc). These systems also mitigate illnesses and injuries by promptly recognizing, treating, investigating, and taking corrective actions. Occupational Health & Wellness Program covers the policies, work practices and procedures to provide a safe and healthy environment and protect the shop floor employees, laboratory employees and researchers from health hazards associated with the use of hazardous chemicals

7.4.1 Occupational Health

Occupational health needs attention both during construction and erection and operation and maintenance phases. However, the problem varies both in magnitude and variety in the above phases.

 Erection Phase

The occupational health problems envisaged at this stage can mainly be due to constructional accident and noise. To overcome these hazards, in addition to arrangements to reduce it within TLV's, personal protective equipment should also be supplied to workers.

 Operation and Maintenance

The problem of occupational health, in the operation and maintenance phase of chemical industry is mainly from handling of chemicals and other toxic substances. Table 7.8 & 7.9 shows the potential hazard, health effects and mitigation measures to be carried out while handling the chemicals.

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TABLE-7.8 CHARACTERISTICS OF CHEMICALS USED Boilin Explosive Acute Toxicity NFPA Sp Gr Melting Flash g Limit Water LD Code S.NO Chemical State Color Odour at 20 Point, Point, 50 Point, % % Solubility Rat Rabbit 0C 0C 0C H F R 0C LEL UEL mg/kg mg/kg clear Pungent 117- 1 Acetic acid Liquid 1.04 16.2°C 0.05 0.1 soluble 3310 1112 3 2 0 colorless vinegar 118°C Clear, Not Sulphuric 290 - Soluble 2 Liquid Colorless Odorless 1.84 10 °C Flamma - - 2140 NIL 3 0 2 acid 338 °C in water to brown ble Soluble in 3 2-Butanone Liquid Colorless sweet 0.806 -87 °C 80 °C - 0.01 0.11 2737 6480 2 3 1 water 4- Powder 62 - 69 4 Methylcate White - - 251 °C 140 °C - - soluble NA NA Solid °C chol clear, sweetish 56.5 5 Acetone Liquid 0.788 -94 °C -20 °C 0.02 0.12 soluble 9570 5340 1 3 0 colorless odor °C Caustic Viscous clear 6 Soda Lye Odourless 0.935 12 °C 145 °C NA - - Soluble NA NA 3 0 1 liquid colorless (CSL) clear to strong odor Soluble in 7 Nitric acid Liquid 1.4 -42 °C 86 °C - - - > 2000 > 2000 4 0 0 yellow - acrid odor water Hydrochlori clear, strong, >90 8 Liquid 1.19 -66 °C 83 °C - - - soluble 900 3 0 1 c acid colorless pungent ul/kg clear gasoline- 62 - 69 -22 to - > 9 Hexane Liquid 0.678 -95 °C 0.01 0.07 Insoluble 25 g/kg 2 3 0 colorless like °C 26.1 2,000 Aleuritic 88-94 10 Solid beige Odorless - - - - soluble NA NA 1 0 0 Acid °C Cyclohexan Insoluble > 11 Liquid Colorless sweet 0.770 6.5 °C 81 °C -18 °C 0.01 0.08 12,705 1 3 0 e in water 2,000 Carbon clear, chloroform- 1.5900 12 tetrachlorid Liquid -23 °C 76 °C - - - Insoluble 2350 5760 3 0 0 colorless like g/cm3 e

Vimta Labs Limited, Hyderabad/Coimbatore C7-21 Environmental Impact Assessment for the proposed expansion of Synthetic/Natural Organic Aromatic Plant at Chickadasampalayam Village, Mettupalayam Taluk, Coimbatore District, Tamil Nadu Chapter - 7 Additional Studies

Acute Sp Gr Boilin Explosive NFPA Melting Flash Water Toxicity at g Limit Code S.NO Chemical State Color Odour Point, Point, Solubilit LD 20deg Point, 50 0C 0C % % y Rat Rabbit C Deg C H F R LEL UEL mg/kg mg/kg clear 126 - Hydro colorless 1.490 13 Liquid acrid odor -11 °C 128 Soluble 277 NIL 3 0 0 bromic acid to faint g/cm3 °C yellow Orthophosp 158 14 Liquid odorless 1.680 21 °C - - - Miscible 2600 2740 3 0 1 horic acid °C Low tert- clear 25 - 15 melting camphor 0.780 83 °C 11 °C 0.024 0.08 Soluble 3500 3600 2 3 0 Butanol colorless 25.5 °C solid Insoluble colorless 180 - Ambrettolid Characterist in water, 16 Liquid to pale 0.94 190 > 99 °C - - > 5,000 > 5,000 1 1 0 e ic. soluble in yellow ºC alcohol Chromium dark red 196.1 250 17 Solid odorless 2.7 250 °C - - Soluble 80 57 3 0 0 Trioxide to purple °C °C 1,3- 172 - 38 - 42 18 Dichloroace Solid White odorless 1.383 173 89 °C - - Soluble 20 53 4 1 1 °C tone °C Ethyl clear, sweet, Slightly 19 Liquid 0.9 -83 °C 77 °C -4 °C 0.02 0.11 5620 4935 1 3 0 acetate colorless fruity odor soluble Ethyl Vinyl clear, Petroleum Slightly 20 Liquid 0.754 -116 °C 36 °C -50 °C 0.01 0.28 284 >20 2 4 2 Ether colorless distillates soluble Fruity, Ethyl Colorless 65 - 21 Liquid Floral, 0.967 - 88 °C - - Insoluble NA NA - - - Safranate - Yellow 80 °C Herbaceous Geranyl Citric, 222 > 100 22 Liquid YELLOW 0.867 - - - - NA NA - - - Nitrile Floral, Fresh °C °C Colorless 298.0 Iso Butyl Woody, Insoluble 23 Liquid - Pale 1.007 - 0 to 137 °C - - > 2.000 NA 1 1 1 Quinoline Leather in water Yellow 299.0 Vimta Labs Limited, Hyderabad/Coimbatore C7-22 Environmental Impact Assessment for the proposed expansion of Synthetic/Natural Organic Aromatic Plant at Chickadasampalayam Village, Mettupalayam Taluk, Coimbatore District, Tamil Nadu Chapter - 7 Additional Studies

Acute Sp Gr Meltin Boilin Explosive NFPA Flash Water Toxicity at g g Limit Code S.NO Chemical State Color Odour Point, Solubilit LD 20deg Point, Point, 50 0C % % y Rat Rabbit C 0C Deg C H F R LEL UEL mg/kg mg/kg Above 180C Jasmine Pale with 24 Liquid Jasmine 0.96 - 72.8 °C - - Insoluble NA NA - - - Absolute Yellow decom positio n. Jasmine Yellowish Heavy and In 25 Wax >5 g/kg >5 g/kg Concrete brown Floral soluble Ambery, Pale 286.1º 26 Kephalis liquid Floral, - - 127 °C - - - > 5000 > 5000 - - - yellow C musty, pungent slightly Mesityl 27 Liquid colorless honey-like 0.854 -53 °C 129 °C 28 °C 0.01 0.07 soluble in 1120 5151 3 3 1 Oxide odor water Slightly Monoethyl Slightly Miscible 9530 28 Viscous Colorless 1.15 -13°C 197 °C 110 0.03 0.15 4700 1 1 0 ene Glycol sweet in water ul/kg Liquid colorless Nitrobenz 5 - 6 210- 29 Liquid to pale almond-like 1.2 87 °C 0.018 - Insoluble 780 760 3 2 1 ene °C 211 °C yellow Yellow Nootkaton flavour of 45-46 298.76 Insoluble 30 LIQUID Solid/Liqui 0.991 110 °C - - > 5000 > 5000 0 1 0 e grapefruits °C °C In Water d Viscous Miscible 31 Oleum colorless Pungent 1.915 14°C 141C - - - 2140 NIL - - - liquid in water p-Toluene 32 Sulphonic Crystals white - 1.4 38 °C 140 °C 184 °C - - Soluble 2570 NIL 2 1 2 Acid Sec-Butyl clear 173 - >16 33 Liquid Odorless 0.863 -75 °C 45 °C 0.008 0.06 Soluble 6300 2 0 benzene colorless 174 °C mL/kg Vimta Labs Limited, Hyderabad/Coimbatore C7-23 Environmental Impact Assessment for the proposed expansion of Synthetic/Natural Organic Aromatic Plant at Chickadasampalayam Village, Mettupalayam Taluk, Coimbatore District, Tamil Nadu Chapter - 7 Additional Studies

Acute Sp Gr Explosive NFPA Melting Boiling Flash Toxicity at Limit Water Code S.NO Chemical State Color Odour Point, Point, Point, LD50 20deg Solubility 0C Deg C 0C % Rat Rabbit C % UEL H F R LEL mg/kg mg/kg sweetish odor - 110.6 14100 34 Toluene Liquid colorless pleasant odor 0.86 -95 °C 4 °C 0.01 0.07 Insoluble. 636 2 3 0 °C uL/kg. - benzene- like Trans-2- Light 35 Liquid fatty odor 0.850 - 93 °C 129 °C - - Insoluble 5 3400 2 0 0 Dodecenal yellow clear Yellow to 70.00 Slightly 36 Vetiverol viscous pale Woody 0.981 264 °C 93 °C - - NA NA 1 1 1 °C Soluble liquid green Sweet rooty Vetivert Oil Viscous Brown- > 100 37 balsamic 1.00 - - - - Insoluble >5000 >5000 2 1 0 Natural liquid yellow °C woody amber Watermelon Characteristic Soluble in 38 Liquid Colorless 0.806 -87 °C 80 °C -7 °C 0.01 0.11 NA NA 2 3 1 ketone - sweet water white to Zinc Crystalline 39 off- odorless 2.91 293 °C 732 °C - - - Soluble 350 NIL 3 0 1 chloride powder white Vanilla Brown Vanilla 40 Extract Liquid 0.815 -173°C 173°C 15.55C 0.03 0.19 Soluble NA NA 2 3 0 (Dark) (strong) Pure

 NFPA- National Fire Protection Association  H-Health Hazard, F-Fire Hazard- 0, R-Reactivity Hazard

Vimta Labs Limited, Hyderabad/Coimbatore C7-24 Environmental Impact Assessment for the proposed expansion of Synthetic/Natural Organic Aromatic Plant at Chickadasampalayam Village, Mettupalayam Taluk, Coimbatore District, Tamil Nadu Chapter - 7 Additional Studies

TABLE-7.9 OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH HAZARD AND MITIGATION MEASURES

S. Name of the Potential Health Impacts Hazard Specific Health Preventive Measures No Chemical Contact Inhalation Ingestion Evaluation Plan 1 Acetic acid Acetic acid is Very Inhalation of the spray Very hazardous in case Water spray, dry chemical, Operating personnel will hazardous in case of eye mist Produce severe of ingestion. Corrosive. "alcohol resistant" foam, or carbon be sent to medical check (corrosive) & skin irritation of respiratory May produce burns to dioxide will be used to keep fire – for every six months for contact (corrosive, tract, characterized by the lips, oral cavity, exposed containers cool. lung function test, permeator). Liquid or coughing, choking, or upper airway, esophagus Substance will be kept away from kidneys, heart, central spray mist produce shortness of breath. and digestive tract. heat, sparks, and flame which will nervous system, liver, tissue damage Corrosive. May cause store in a cool, dry, well-ventilated eyes or any other test as particularly on damage to mucous area away from incompatible advised by doctors. Mucous membranes of membranes in nose, substances. Substance will be kept Based on Doctor’s advice eyes. Skin contact of throat, lungs and near alkaline substances. Acetic necessary treatment will Acetic acid produce bronchial system acid is kept above its freezing be given and if necessary burns. Inflammation of point of 62°F (17°C) to allow it to the operating person will the eye is characterized be handled as a liquid. It will be shifted to other non- by redness, watering, contract slightly on freezing. exposure area. and itching. Skin Freezing and thawing does not inflammation is affect product quality. characterized by itching, scaling, reddening, or, Occasionally, blistering. 2 Caustic Soda Lye NaOH is highly caustic in In case of ingestion, It Substance will be kept away from Operating personnel will base. Very hazardous in Inhalation of this causes Will cause Dry/sore water. The concentration in the air be sent to periodical case of eye & skin contact gastrointestinal tract throat, Nausea, will be monitored regularly. medical check for every (corrosive, irritant, burns, severe pain, Abdominal pain, Blood in Operations will be carried out in six months and do the permeator). Eye contact nausea, vomiting, vomit, Difficulty in the open/under local lung function test, can result in corneal diarrhea, and shock. May swallowing, Possible exhaust/ventilation or with kidneys, central nervous damage or blindness. Skin cause corrosion and esophageal perforation, respiratory protection. system, liver, eyes or any contact can produce permanent tissue Burns to the other test as advised by inflammation and destruction of the gastric/intestinal mucosa, The substance will be Stored in a doctors. blistering. It cause esophagus and digestive and Bleeding of the cool, dry place & in a tightly closed Based on Doctor’s advice Corrosive, Redness, Pain, tract. Corrosive, burning gastrointestinal tract. container, well-ventilated area necessary treatment will Blurred vision to Eye sensation, Sore throat, Irritation may lead to away from incompatible be given and if necessary contact. Cough, Labored breathing, chemical pneumonitis substances, Corrosives area. and Shortness of breath and pulmonary edema.

Vimta Labs Limited, Hyderabad/Coimbatore C7-25 Environmental Impact Assessment for the proposed expansion of Synthetic/Natural Organic Aromatic Plant at Chickadasampalayam Village, Mettupalayam Taluk, Coimbatore District, Tamil Nadu Chapter - 7 Additional Studies

Prolonged skin contact will also be expected. Causes severe irritation It will be Stored under an inert the operating person will may cause dermatitis. Medical aid will be given of upper respiratory tract atmosphere be shifted to other non- immediately in case of any with coughing, burns, exposure area. such incidents. breathing difficulty, and It will be recommended to flushing possible coma. Causes of eyes and skin immediately with chemical burns to the water for at least 15 minutes in respiratory tract. case of eye & skin contact with NaOH. Substance will be kept free from contamination. Corrosion proof equipment will be used.

Operating personnel will always wear personal protective equipment such as rubber gloves, boots, a chemical resistant full acid suit, goggles, face shield, self-breathing apparatus and helmet

The material will be stored in the storage tank with protected vent. Qualified and trained workers will be employed and first aid will be provided and workers will be trained in first aid. 3 Activated carbon It is slightly hazardous in Prolonged inhalation can In case of ingestion it Will Appropriate protective eyeglasses Non-carcinogenic in case of skin (irritant) and cause irritation of mucus cause nausea and or chemical safety goggles as nature. Operating eye contact (irritant). membranes. vomiting. No adverse described by OSHA's eye and face personnel will be sent to Prolonged over exposure No adverse effects effects expected. It protection regulations will be used periodical medical check to carbon dust can expected. It causes mild causes mild irritation to to protect eyes and face. for every six months and produce skin and irritation to the respiratory the gastrointestinal tract. Substance will be Stored in a do the lung function eye irritation. tract. Prolonged inhalation tightly closed container and it will test, kidneys, central of excessive dust may be kept away from contact with nervous system, liver, produce pulmonary oxidizing materials. Chemical will eyes or any other test as disorders be Stored in a cool, dry, well- advised by doctors. Based ventilated area away from on Doctor’s advice incompatible substances. necessary treatment will be given and if necessary Employees will be recommended the operating person will to Wash the hands thoroughly be shifted to other non-

Vimta Labs Limited, Hyderabad/Coimbatore C7-26 Environmental Impact Assessment for the proposed expansion of Synthetic/Natural Organic Aromatic Plant at Chickadasampalayam Village, Mettupalayam Taluk, Coimbatore District, Tamil Nadu Chapter - 7 Additional Studies

after exposure area. handling. Chemicals will be Used with adequate ventilation. Dust generation and accumulation will be minimized. Contact with eyes, skin, and clothing will be avoided. 4 Sodium Chloride Slightly hazardous in case It is very harmful if It is harmful if Water spray, dry chemical, or Non- carcinogenic in of skin contact (irritant) inhaled. It causes swallowed It cause carbon dioxide will be used to nature. Operating and eye contact (irritant). respiratory tract irritation. irritation of the digestive keep fire –exposed containers personnel will be sent to It causes eye irritation. tract.. Ingestion of large cool. periodical medical check Exposure to solid may amounts may cause for every six months and cause pain and redness. nausea and vomiting, Substance will be Stored in a cool, do the lung function It causes skin irritation. It rigidity or convulsions. dry place in a tightly closed test, kidneys, central also be harmful if Continued exposure can container and With adequate nervous system, liver, absorbed through the skin produce coma, ventilation. Dust generation and eyes or any other test as dehydration, and accumulation will be minimized. advised by doctors. Based internal organ Contact with eyes, skin, clothing, on Doctor’s advice ingestion and inhalation will be necessary treatment will avoided. be given and if necessary the operating person will be shifted to other non- exposure area. 5 Calcium chloride It Causes skin irritation It cause severe It causes severe Appropriate protective Operating personnel will and possible burns, gastrointestinal irritation irritation of the upper eyeglasses or chemical safety be sent to periodical especially if the skin is with nausea, vomiting respiratory tract with goggles and Impervious gloves as medical check for every wet or moist. It cause and possible burns. It pain, burns, and described by OSHA's eye and face six months and do the severe eye irritation and causes cardiac inflammation. In protection regulations will be cancer, lung function possible eye burns disturbances. It is harmful extreme cases of provided to employers. test, kidneys, central if swallowed. In very exposure or ingestion, Chemical will be Stored in a nervous system, liver, severe cases, seizures, this chemical can cause tightly closed container in a cool, eyes or any other test as rapid respiration, slow skin burns, cardiac dry, well-ventilated area away advised by doctors. heartbeat, or death may disturbances, respiration from incompatible substances. It Based on Doctor’s advice result issues and seizures will be kept away from moisture. necessary treatment will Employees will be recommended be given and if necessary to Wash the hands thoroughly the operating person will after handling. Dust generation be shifted to other non- and accumulation will be exposure area. minimized. 6 2-Butanone It Causes eye irritation It causes respiratory tract It causes Facilities storing or utilizing this Operating personnel will result in corneal injury. It irritation. Inhalation of gastrointestinal irritation material will be equipped with an be sent to periodical

Vimta Labs Limited, Hyderabad/Coimbatore C7-27 Environmental Impact Assessment for the proposed expansion of Synthetic/Natural Organic Aromatic Plant at Chickadasampalayam Village, Mettupalayam Taluk, Coimbatore District, Tamil Nadu Chapter - 7 Additional Studies

Causes mild skin vapors may cause with nausea, vomiting eyewash facility and a safety medical check for every irritation. May be drowsiness and and diarrhea shower. Adequate general or local six months and do the

absorbed through the dizziness. exhaust ventilation will be used to cancer, lung function test, skin. Repeated or Chronic inhalation may keep airborne concentrations kidneys, central nervous prolonged exposure may cause effects similar to below the permissible exposure system, liver, eyes or any cause drying and those of acute inhalation. limits. other test as advised by cracking of the skin. Substance will be Stored in a cool, doctors. Based on dry place and in a tightly closed Doctor’s advice necessary container. It will be kept away treatment will be given from sources of ignition and and if necessary the Spark-proof tools. Breathing dust, operating person will be vapor, mist, or gas will be avoided. shifted to other non- Contact with skin, eyes ingestion exposure area. and inhalation will be avoided. 7 4- This material can cause Inhalation of dusts, Accidental ingestion of Water spray and foam will be used Carcinogenic in nature. Methylcatechol eye irritation and generated by the the material may be to keep fire –exposed containers Operating personnel will damage in some material, during the harmful; animal cool. Chemical will be Store in a be sent to periodical persons. Some phenol course of normal experiments indicate tightly closed container in a cool, medical check for every derivatives may produce handling, may be that ingestion of less dry, well-ventilated area away six months and do the mild to severe eye harmful. The material can than 150 gram may be from incompatible substances. It cancer, lung function test, irritation with redness, cause respiratory fatal or may produce will be kept away from moisture. It kidneys, central nervous pain and blurred vision. irritation in some persons. serious damage to the will be recommended to Wash system, liver, eyes or any Permanent eye injury The body's response to health of the individual. thoroughly after handling. other test as advised by occurs and recovery also such irritation can cause ! Some phenol Chemical will be used with doctors. Based on is complete or partial. further lung damage. derivatives can cause adequate ventilation. Dust Doctor’s advice necessary Skin contact with the Persons with impaired damage to the digestive generation and accumulation will treatment will be given material may be harmful. respiratory function, system. If absorbed, be minimized and if necessary the Systemic effects can airway diseases and profuse sweating, thirst, operating person will be result following conditions such as nausea, vomiting shifted to other non- absorption. This material emphysema or chronic diarrhoea, cyanosis, exposure area. can cause inflammation bronchitis, may incur restlessness, stupor, low of the skin on contact in further disability if blood pressure, gasping, some persons. The excessive concentrations abdominal pain, anemia, material may accentuate of particulate are inhaled. convulsions, coma and any pre-existing If phenols are absorbed lung swelling can dermatitis condition. via the lungs, systemic happen followed by Phenol and its effects may occur pneumonia derivatives can cause affecting the severe skin irritation if cardiovascular and contact is maintained, nervous systems.

Vimta Labs Limited, Hyderabad/Coimbatore C7-28 Environmental Impact Assessment for the proposed expansion of Synthetic/Natural Organic Aromatic Plant at Chickadasampalayam Village, Mettupalayam Taluk, Coimbatore District, Tamil Nadu Chapter - 7 Additional Studies

and can be absorbed to Inhalation can result in the skin affecting the profuse perspiration,

cardiovascular and intense thirst, nausea, central nervous system. vomiting, diarrhea, Effects include sweating, cyanosis, restlessness, intense thirst, nausea stupor, falling blood and vomiting, diarrhea, pressure, cyanosis, restlessness, hyperventilation, stupor, low blood abdominal pain, anemia, pressure, convulsions, coma, hyperventilation, swelling and inflammation abdominal pain, anemia, of the lung convulsions, coma, lung swelling followed by pneumonia. 8 Acetic Anhydride It Causes severe skin Severe inhalation may Harmful if swallowed. Operating personnel will This substance will be kept away burns and eye damage. cause upper airway Causes gastrointestinal be sent to periodical from the metals, strong oxidizing It is harmful by skin edema and burns, tract burns. May cause medical check for every agents, reducing agents, bases, absorption is Very hypoxia, stridor, perforation of the six months and do the alcohols, amines, ammonia, hazardous in case of eye pneumonitis, digestive tract. cancer, lung function test, nitrates, nitric acid, (corrosive) & skin tracheobronchitis, and Ingestion of large kidneys, central nervous permanganates, phenols, sodium contact (corrosive, rarely acute lung injury or amounts may cause system, liver, eyes or any hydroxide, hydrogen peroxide, permeator). Liquid or persistent pulmonary CNS depression. other test as advised by chromium trioxide, potassium spray mist produce function abnormalities. doctors. Based on hydroxide, perchloric acid, tissue damage Mild exposure may cause Doctor’s advice necessary ethanol. It will be recommended particularly on dyspnea, pleuritic chest treatment will be given to Wash thoroughly after Mucous membranes of pain, cough and and if necessary the handling. Chemical will be used eyes. Skin contact bronchospasm operating person will be with adequate ventilation. Dust produce burns. shifted to other non- generation and accumulation will Inflammation of the eye exposure area. be minimized is characterized by redness, watering, and itching. Skin inflammation is characterized by itching, scaling, reddening, or, Occasionally, blistering.

9 Acetone Produces irritation, Inhalation of high May cause irritation of Operating personnel will Facilities storing or utilizing this characterized by a concentrations may cause the digestive tract. May be sent to periodical material will be equipped with an Vimta Labs Limited, Hyderabad/Coimbatore C7-29 Environmental Impact Assessment for the proposed expansion of Synthetic/Natural Organic Aromatic Plant at Chickadasampalayam Village, Mettupalayam Taluk, Coimbatore District, Tamil Nadu Chapter - 7 Additional Studies

burning sensation, central nervous system cause central nervous eyewash facility and a safety medical check for every redness, tearing, effects characterized by system depression, six months and do the shower. Adequate general or Inflammation, and nausea, headache, characterized by local exhaust ventilation will be cancer, lung function test, possible corneal injury. dizziness, excitement, followed by used to keep airborne kidneys, central nervous Vapors cause eye unconsciousness and headache, dizziness, concentrations below the system, liver, eyes or any irritation. It is absorbed coma. Causes respiratory drowsiness, and nausea. permissible exposure limits. other test as advised by through the skin. tract irritation. May cause Advanced stages may Substance will be kept in tightly doctors. Based on Repeated or prolonged motor incoordination and cause collapse, closed container and kept with Doctor’s advice necessary exposure may cause speech abnormalities. unconsciousness, coma adequate ventilation treatment will be given drying and cracking of Chronic inhalation may and possible death due and if necessary the the skin. Prolonged or cause effects similar to to respiratory failure. operating person will be repeated skin contact those of acute inhalation. Aspiration of material shifted to other non- may cause dermatitis into the lungs may exposure area. cause chemical pneumonitis, which may be fatal 10 Caustic Soda NaOH is highly caustic in In case of ingestion, It Chemical splash goggles face Operating personnel will base. Very hazardous in Inhalation of this causes Will cause Dry/sore shield, butyl rubber gloves, apron, be sent to periodical case of eye & skin contact gastrointestinal tract throat, Nausea, and/or clothing will be provided to medical check for every (corrosive, irritant, burns, severe pain, Abdominal pain, Blood in employers. six months and do the permeator). Eye contact nausea, vomiting, vomit, Difficulty in lung function test, can result in corneal diarrhoea, and shock. May swallowing, Possible Chemical will be stored in a tightly kidneys, central nervous damage or blindness. Skin cause corrosion and esophageal perforation, closed container and in a cool, dry, system, liver, eyes or any contact can produce permanent tissue Burns to the well-ventilated area away from other test as advised by inflammation and destruction of the gastric/intestinal mucosa, incompatible substances. doctors. blistering. It cause esophagus and digestive and Bleeding of the Chemicals are Stable at room Based on Doctor’s advice Corrosive, Redness, Pain, tract. Corrosive, Burning gastrointestinal tract. temperature under normal storage necessary treatment will Blurred vision to Eye sensation, Sore throat, Irritation may lead to and handling conditions. be given and if necessary contact. Prolonged skin Cough, Laboured chemical pneumonitis the operating person will contact may cause breathing, and Shortness and pulmonary edema. be shifted to other non- dermatitis. of breath will also be Causes severe irritation exposure area. expected. Medical aid will of upper respiratory tract be given immediately in with coughing, burns, case of any such incidents. breathing difficulty, and possible coma. Causes chemical burns to the respiratory tract. 11 Nitric acid It Causes severe eye Effects may be delayed. It It cause severe and Chemical will be stored in a Operating personnel will burns. Direct contact with Causes chemical burns to permanent damage to tightly closed container and in a be sent to periodical liquid may cause the respiratory tract. the digestive tract. cool, dry, well-ventilated area medical check for every

Vimta Labs Limited, Hyderabad/Coimbatore C7-30 Environmental Impact Assessment for the proposed expansion of Synthetic/Natural Organic Aromatic Plant at Chickadasampalayam Village, Mettupalayam Taluk, Coimbatore District, Tamil Nadu Chapter - 7 Additional Studies

blindness or permanent Inhalation may be fatal as Causes gastrointestinal away from incompatible six months and do the eye damage.It causes a result of spasm, tract burns. May cause substances. Inspection will be lung function test,

skin burns. May cause inflammation, edema of perforation of the done periodically for damage or kidneys, central nervous deep, penetrating ulcers the larynx and bronchi, digestive tract. May evidence of leaks or corrosion. system, liver, eyes or any of the skin. Concentrated chemical pneumonitis and cause systemic effects. Adequate general or local exhaust other test as advised by nitric acid dyes human pulmonary edema. ventilation will be used to keep doctors. skin yellow on contact. Aspiration may lead to airborne concentrations below the Based on Doctor’s advice Exposure to high pulmonary edema. May permissible exposure limits. necessary treatment will concentrations of nitric cause systemic effects. be given and if necessary acid vapor may cause May cause acute the operating person will pneumonitis and pulmonary edema, be shifted to other non- pulmonary edema which asphyxia, chemical exposure area. may be fatal. Symptoms pneumonitis, and upper may or may not be airway obstruction caused delayed. Continued by edema. Depending on exposure to the vapor & the conditions, the vapor mist of nitric acid may or fumes of nitric acid may result in a chronic actually be a mixture of bronchitis, & more severe nitric acid and various exposure results in a oxides of nitrogen. The chemical pneumonitis. composition may vary with The vapor & mists of nitric temperature, humidity, acid may erode the teeth, and contact with other particularly affecting the organic materials. canines & incisors 12 Hydrochloric acid It cause irreversible eye It is fatal if inhaled. May It Causes severe Hydrochloric acid has the ability to Operating personnel will injury. Vapor or mist may cause severe irritation of digestive tract burns with corrode metallic surfaces. So the be sent to periodical cause irritation and the respiratory tract with abdominal pain, container will be kept tightly medical check for every severe burns. Contact sore throat, coughing, vomiting, and possible closed and stored in a safe place. six months and do the with liquid is corrosive to shortness of breath and death. May cause Chemical will be Stored in a cool, lung function test, the eyes and causes delayed lung edema. corrosion and permanent dry, well-ventilated area away kidneys, central nervous severe burns. It Contact Causes chemical burns to tissue destruction of the from incompatible substances, system, liver, eyes or any with liquid is corrosive the respiratory tract. esophagus and digestive Corrosives area and other test as advised by and causes severe burns Causes corrosive action on tract. Incompatibility materials doctors. and ulceration. The the mucous membranes Based on Doctor’s advice severity of injury depends Facilities storing or utilizing this necessary treatment will on the concentration of material will be equipped with an be given and if necessary the solution and the eyewash facility and a safety the operating person will duration of exposure. shower. Adequate general or local be shifted to other non- Prolonged or repeated exhaust ventilation will be used to exposure area.

Vimta Labs Limited, Hyderabad/Coimbatore C7-31 Environmental Impact Assessment for the proposed expansion of Synthetic/Natural Organic Aromatic Plant at Chickadasampalayam Village, Mettupalayam Taluk, Coimbatore District, Tamil Nadu Chapter - 7 Additional Studies

skin contact may cause keep airborne concentrations dermatitis. Repeated below the permissible exposure limits exposure may cause erosion of teeth. Repeated exposure to low concentrations of HCl vapor or mist may cause bleeding of nose and gums. Chronic bronchitis and gastritis have also been reported. 13 Hexane It Causes mild eye It Causes respiratory tract It causes gastrointestinal Chemical will be Kept away from Operating personnel will irritation. Prolonged irritation. Exposure irritation with nausea, heat and flame, sources of ignition be sent to periodical and/or repeated contact produces central nervous vomiting and diarrhoea. and contact with oxidizing medical check for every may cause defatting of system depression. Vapors Aspiration of material materials. The substance will be six months and do the the skin and dermatitis. may cause dizziness or into the lungs may cause Stored in a cool, dry place & in a lung function test, Causes irritation with suffocation. n-Hexane chemical pneumonitis, tightly closed container, well- kidneys, central nervous burning pain, itching, and vapor concentrations can which may be fatal. May ventilated area. system, liver, eyes or any redness. Absorbed become so high that cause central nervous other test as advised by through the skin. There oxygen is displaced, system depression. Employees will be recommended doctors. have been no reports of especially in confined to Wash the hands thoroughly Based on Doctor’s advice skin sensitization in spaces after handling. Chemicals will be necessary treatment will people occupationally Used with adequate ventilation. be given and if necessary exposed to n-hexane. Dust generation and accumulation the operating person will Skin sensitization was not will be minimized. Contact with be shifted to other non- observed in a eyes, skin, and clothing will be exposure area. maximization test using avoided. Substance will be Kept 25 volunteers. Prolonged away from heat, sparks and flame. or repeated skin contact may cause defatting and Chemical splash goggles, dermatitis. Prolonged or protective gloves will be provided repeated exposure may to employers. Facilities storing or cause adverse utilizing this material will be reproductive effects. equipped with an eyewash facility Chronic exposure may and a safety shower. Adequate cause visual disturbances. general or local exhaust ventilation Laboratory experiments will be used to keep airborne have resulted in concentrations below the mutagenic effects. permissible exposure limits Peripheral neuropathy

Vimta Labs Limited, Hyderabad/Coimbatore C7-32 Environmental Impact Assessment for the proposed expansion of Synthetic/Natural Organic Aromatic Plant at Chickadasampalayam Village, Mettupalayam Taluk, Coimbatore District, Tamil Nadu Chapter - 7 Additional Studies

symptoms include: muscular weakness,

paresthesia, numbing of the hands, feet, legs and arms, unsteadiness, and difficulty in walking and standing. Repeated exposure may cause nervous system abnormalities with muscle weakness and damage, motor incoordination, and sensation disturbances. Chronic exposure produces peripheral neuropathy 14 Ethanol It causes severe eye It cause gastrointestinal Chemical will be Stable under Operating personnel will Inhalation of high irritation, painful irritation with nausea, normal temperatures and be sent to periodical concentrations may cause sensitization to light, vomiting and diarrhoea. pressures. Appropriate protective medical check for every central nervous system chemical conjunctivitis May cause systemic gloves, protective eyeglasses or six months and do the effects characterized by and corneal damage. It toxicity with acidosis. chemical safety goggles as lung function test, nausea, headache, Causes moderate skin May cause central described by OSHA's eye and face kidneys, central nervous dizziness, irritation and cyanosis of nervous system protection will be provided to system, liver, eyes or any unconsciousness and the extremities. depression, characterized employers. Chemical will be kept other test as advised by coma. Causes respiratory by excitement, followed away from heat, sparks, flame and doctors. tract irritation. May cause by headache, dizziness, sources of ignition, perchlorates, Based on Doctor’s advice narcotic effects in high drowsiness, and nausea. peroxides, chromic acid or nitric necessary treatment will concentration. Vapors Advanced stages may acid. substance will be Stored in a be given and if necessary may cause dizziness or cause collapse, cool, dry place & in a tightly closed the operating person will suffocation. Prolonged unconsciousness, coma container, well-ventilated area. be shifted to other non- exposure may cause liver, and possible death due to exposure area. kidney, and heart respiratory failure. Employees will be recommended damage. to Wash the hands thoroughly after handling. Spark-proof tools and explosion proof equipment will be used. Contact with eyes, skin, and clothing will be avoided. Chemical will be Kept in a tightly closed container. It will be Kept

Vimta Labs Limited, Hyderabad/Coimbatore C7-33 Environmental Impact Assessment for the proposed expansion of Synthetic/Natural Organic Aromatic Plant at Chickadasampalayam Village, Mettupalayam Taluk, Coimbatore District, Tamil Nadu Chapter - 7 Additional Studies

away from heat, sparks and flame. Ingestion and inhalation will be avoided.

Harmful if inhaled. Causes 15 Iodine It Causes severe eye Harmful if swallowed. It Substance is sublimable, able to Operating personnel will severe respiratory tract irritation and eye burns. causes burns to the go directly from solid to vapor. So be sent to periodical irritation. Extreme Vapors cause eye digestive tract. Iodine is it will be kept away from Dust medical check for every exposures could result in irritation. Harmful if an easily oxidizable generation and excessive heat. six months and do the a build-up of fluid in the absorbed through the substance. Iodine is Incompatibilities with lung function test, lungs (pulmonary edema) skin. It causes severe Food that is present in Other Materials such as Ammonia, kidneys, central nervous that might be fatal in irritation and possible the GI tract will oxidize acetylene, acetaldehyde, system, liver, eyes or any severe cases. Readily burns. Rare instances of iodine to iodide which is powdered aluminium, active other test as advised by sublimed having a violet allergic reactions to not corrosive to the GI metals, liquid chlorine, fluorine, doctors. vapor (Hawley's topical iodine solutions tract. carbides. Based on Doctor’s advice Condensed Chemical characterized by fever Iodine will be Stored in a cool, dry necessary treatment will Dictionary). Inhalation of and generalized skin place and with tightly closed be given and if necessary iodine vapor is intensely eruptions have led to container. the operating person will irritating to mucous death. At least one death Employees will be recommended be shifted to other non- membranes and after topical application of to Wash the hands thoroughly exposure area. adversely affects both the a strong iodine tincture to after handling. Chemical will be upper and lower portions one-third of the body has Used with adequate ventilation. of the pulmonary tract been recorded. Chronic Dust generation and accumulation exposure can lead to will be Minimized. Chemical will be iodism characterized by kept in a container which is tightly headache, excess closed. Ingest or inhale will be salivation, nasal avoided. discharge, conjunctivitis, laryngitis, bronchitis, stomatitis, enlarged submaxillary glands, and skin rashes. Chronic ingestion of iodides during pregnancy has resulted in fatal death, severe goitre, and cretinoid appearance of the new-born. Chronic exposure can affect thyroid function. Some references (e.g. Dreisbach's Handbook) say that iodine and iodine

Vimta Labs Limited, Hyderabad/Coimbatore C7-34 Environmental Impact Assessment for the proposed expansion of Synthetic/Natural Organic Aromatic Plant at Chickadasampalayam Village, Mettupalayam Taluk, Coimbatore District, Tamil Nadu Chapter - 7 Additional Studies

compounds are potent sensitizers and that repeated contact may

cause sensitivity dermatitis, laryngeal edema, serum sickness with lymph node enlargement, and joint pain and swelling. Iodine in very small quantities is critical for proper function of the thyroid. If deficient, can cause goiter, an enlargement of the thyroid gland. 16 Caustic Potash It Causes severe eye Harmful if swallowed. It Safety glasses, chemical goggles Operating personnel will Harmful if inhaled. burns. It causes causes circulatory system or face shield and appropriate be sent to periodical Irritation leads to irreversible eye injury. failure. It causes gloves will be provided to medical check for every chemical pneumonitis and Contact of substance perforation of the employers who handle the liquid. six months and do the pulmonary edema. It cause ulceration of the digestive tract. Causes lung function test, Causes severe irritation of conjunctiva and cornea. severe digestive tract The substance will be Stored in a kidneys, central nervous upper respiratory tract Eye damage may be burns with abdominal cool, dry place & in a tightly closed system, liver, eyes or any with coughing, burns, delayed. It Causes skin pain, vomiting, and container, well-ventilated area. It other test as advised by breathing difficulty, and burns and deep, possible death will be kept away from doctors. possible coma. penetrating ulcers of the incompatible substances strong Based on Doctor’s advice skin. Prolonged or acids, water, metals, Flammable necessary treatment will repeated skin contact liquids and organic halogens. be given and if necessary cause dermatitis. the operating person will Prolonged or repeated eye be shifted to other non- contact of substance exposure area. cause conjunctivitis 17 Aleuritic Acid It cause eye irritation and It cause irritation of the Facilities storing or utilizing this Operating personnel will It cause respiratory tract Skin irritation digestive tract material will be equipped with an be sent to periodical irritation eyewash facility and a safety medical check for every shower. Adequate ventilation will six months and do the be used to keep airborne lung function test, concentrations low. kidneys, central nervous system, liver, eyes or any Chemical will be Stored in a other test as advised by tightly closed container and in a doctors.

Vimta Labs Limited, Hyderabad/Coimbatore C7-35 Environmental Impact Assessment for the proposed expansion of Synthetic/Natural Organic Aromatic Plant at Chickadasampalayam Village, Mettupalayam Taluk, Coimbatore District, Tamil Nadu Chapter - 7 Additional Studies

cool, dry, well-ventilated area Based on Doctor’s advice away from incompatible necessary treatment will substances be given and if necessary

Employers will be recommended to the operating person will Wash the hand thoroughly after be shifted to other non- handling. Chemicals will be used exposure area. with adequate ventilation. Dust generation and accumulation will be minimized. Contact with eyes, skin, clothing ingestion and inhalation will be avoided. 18 Cyclohexane It cause mild eye If inhaled, Aspiration of Chemical will be Stable at room Operating personnel will It cause respiratory tract irritation. Vapors may material into the lungs temperature in closed containers be sent to periodical irritation. Inhalation of cause eye irritation. It may cause chemical under normal storage and medical check for every vapors may cause cause irritation with pneumonitis, which may handling conditions. It will be kept six months and do the drowsiness and dizziness burning pain, itching and be fatal. May cause away from Ignition sources, lung function test, redness. Not expected to central nervous system excess heat, and confined spaces. kidneys, central nervous cause an allergic skin depression. Chemical splash goggles and system, liver, eyes or any reaction. A single gloves will be provided to other test as advised by prolonged skin exposure employers. Facilities storing or doctors. is not likely to result in utilizing this material will be Based on Doctor’s advice the material being equipped with an eyewash facility necessary treatment will absorbed in harmful and a safety shower. Adequate be given and if necessary amounts. Prolonged or ventilation will be used to keep the operating person will repeated skin contact airborne concentrations low. The be shifted to other non- may cause defatting and substance will be Stored in a cool, exposure area dermatitis dry place & in a tightly closed container, well-ventilated area. Breathing of vapour will be avoided. 19 Carbon It Causes eye irritation. It causes liver and This is a CFC substance which Operating personnel will It Causes respiratory tract tetrachloride Vapors cause eye kidney damage. May destroys ozone in the upper be sent to periodical irritation. May cause liver irritation and skin cause central nervous atmosphere. Destruction of the medical check for every and kidney damage. irritation. It will be system depression, ozone layer can lead to increased six months and do the Exposure produces absorbed through the skin characterized by ultraviolet radiation which, with lung function test, central nervous system in harmful amounts. excitement, followed by excess exposure to sunlight, can kidneys, central nervous depression. May be Contact with the skin headache, dizziness, lead to an increase in skin cancer system, liver, eyes or any harmful if inhaled. defats the skin. Prolonged drowsiness, and nausea. and eye cataracts. So, appropriate other test as advised by or repeated skin contact Advanced stages may protective eyeglasses or chemical doctors. causes dermatitis. Chronic cause collapse, safety goggles and gloves as Based on Doctor’s advice

Vimta Labs Limited, Hyderabad/Coimbatore C7-36 Environmental Impact Assessment for the proposed expansion of Synthetic/Natural Organic Aromatic Plant at Chickadasampalayam Village, Mettupalayam Taluk, Coimbatore District, Tamil Nadu Chapter - 7 Additional Studies

exposure cause visual unconsciousness, coma described by OSHA's eye and face necessary treatment will disturbances and possible death due to protection regulations will be given be given and if necessary respiratory failure. to employers. Adequate ventilation the operating person will

Substance is a will be used to keep airborne be shifted to other non- hepatotoxin and is concentrations low. Employers will exposure area capable of producing a be recommend to wash the hands toxic effect on the thoroughly after handling. liver. Chronic ingestion Chemical will be used with may cause effects similar adequate ventilation. Chemical will to those of acute be kept away from light and ingestion. May cause liver excess heat. and kidney damage. May cause cancer according to animal studies 20 Diacetone Alcohol It Causes eye irritation. Aspiration hazards are Chemical splash goggles and Operating personnel will It cause respiratory tract May cause transient the specific toxicity or appropriate protective gloves will be sent to periodical irritation. May cause corneal injury. Prolonged other hazards posed be given to employers who handle medical check for every effects similar to those and/or repeated contact by aspiration including this substance. Adequate six months and do the described for ingestion. may cause irritation various severe acute ventilation will be used to keep lung function test, May cause narcotic effects and/or dermatitis. effects such as chemical airborne concentrations low. kidneys, central nervous in high concentration. Prolonged or repeated pneumonia, pulmonary Employers will be recommend to system, liver, eyes or any Aspiration may cause skin contact may cause injury or death following wash the hands thoroughly after other test as advised by respiratory swelling and dermatitis. May cause aspiration. It causes handling. doctors. pneumonitis. Aspiration liver and kidney damage gastrointestinal irritation Substance will be Kept away from Based on Doctor’s advice may lead to pulmonary with nausea, vomiting heat, sparks, flame, heat and necessary treatment will edema and diarrhea, liver and flame, sources of ignition, be given and if necessary kidney damage. oxidizing materials. the operating person will Aspiration of material be shifted to other non- into the lungs may cause exposure area chemical pneumonitis, which will be fatal. It causes headache ,unconsciousness, central nervous system depression and damage to the red blood cells 21 Ferric Chloride It Causes eye burns and It is Harmful if Substance is Stable under normal Operating personnel will If inhaled, It Causes skin burns swallowed Causes temperatures and pressures. It will be sent to periodical chemical burns to the gastrointestinal tract be kept away from Temperatures medical check for every respiratory tract. burns (above recommended six months and do the

Vimta Labs Limited, Hyderabad/Coimbatore C7-37 Environmental Impact Assessment for the proposed expansion of Synthetic/Natural Organic Aromatic Plant at Chickadasampalayam Village, Mettupalayam Taluk, Coimbatore District, Tamil Nadu Chapter - 7 Additional Studies

temperatures), incompatible lung function test, materials. Appropriate protective kidneys, central nervous eyeglasses or chemical safety system, liver, eyes or any

goggles and protective gloves will other test as advised by be given to employers. Adequate doctors. ventilation will be used to keep Based on Doctor’s advice airborne concentrations low. The necessary treatment will substance will be Stored in a cool, be given and if necessary dry place & in a tightly closed the operating person will container, well-ventilated area. be shifted to other non- exposure area. 22 Hydro bromic acid It cause irreversible eye It causes severe digestive Substance is Stable under normal Operating personnel will It cause severe irritation injury. Vapor or mist tract burns with temperatures and pressures. The be sent to periodical of the respiratory tract cause irritation and abdominal pain, substance will be kept away from medical check for every with sore throat, severe burns. Contact vomiting, and possible Light, excess heat, prolonged six months and do the coughing, shortness of with liquid is corrosive to death. May cause exposure to air and confined lung function test, breath and delayed lung the eyes and causes corrosion and permanent spaces. Chemical splash goggles kidneys, central nervous edema and chemical severe burns. It Contact tissue destruction of the and appropriate protective gloves system, liver, eyes or any burns to the respiratory with liquid is corrosive esophagus and digestive will be given to employers who other test as advised by tract. Inhalation will be and causes severe burns tract. handle this substance. Employers doctors. fatal as a result of spasm, and ulceration. The will be recommended to wash the Based on Doctor’s advice inflammation, edema of severity of injury depends hands thoroughly after handling. necessary treatment will the larynx and bronchi, on the concentration of Chemical will be Stored in a tightly be given and if necessary chemical pneumonitis and the solution and the closed container and in a cool, the operating person will pulmonary duration of exposure. dry, well-ventilated area away be shifted to other non- edema. Chronic inhalation Repeated skin contact can from incompatible substances exposure area and ingestion cause cause an acne-like rash to effects similar to those of develop. Prolonged or acute inhalation and repeated skin contact ingestion. may cause dermatitis 23 Potassium iodide It causes mild eye It is harmful if swallowed Substance will be Air sensitive, Operating personnel will It causes respiratory tract irritation, skin irritation It causes irritation of the Moisture sensitive and Light be sent to periodical irritation. It is harmful if and allergic sensitization digestive tract. sensitive. The substance will be medical check for every inhaled. It causes in certain individuals. It kept away from Incompatible six months and do the respiratory sensitization will be harmful if materials, light, dust generation, lung function test, absorbed through the moisture, prolonged exposure to kidneys, central nervous skin. Contact with air. Protective eyeglasses or system, liver, eyes or any chemical causes chemical safety goggles and other test as advised by reproductive and fetal protective gloves will be provided doctors. effects. It will interfere to employers. Based on Doctor’s advice

Vimta Labs Limited, Hyderabad/Coimbatore C7-38 Environmental Impact Assessment for the proposed expansion of Synthetic/Natural Organic Aromatic Plant at Chickadasampalayam Village, Mettupalayam Taluk, Coimbatore District, Tamil Nadu Chapter - 7 Additional Studies

with iodine uptake of the necessary treatment will thyroid gland and enlarge The substance will be Stored in a be given and if necessary it. Some references (e.g. cool, dry place & in a tightly closed the operating person will

Dreisbach's Handbook) container, well-ventilated area Use be shifted to other non- say that iodine and iodine with adequate ventilation. dust exposure area compounds are potent generation and accumulation will sensitizers and that be minimized. Contact with eyes, repeated contact may skin, and clothing, ingestion and cause sensitivity inhalation will be avoided. dermatitis, laryngeal edema, serum sickness with lymph node enlargement, and joint pain and swelling. 24 Glycerin It Causes mild eye Ingestion of large No special precautions indicated. Operating personnel will Low hazard for usual irritation. It causes skin amounts causes Appropriate protective eyeglasses be sent to periodical industrial handling. irritation gastrointestinal irritation. or chemical safety goggles and medical check for every Inhalation of a mist of Low hazard for usual protective gloves will be given to six months and do the this material cause industrial handling. It employers. Adequate ventilation lung function test, respiratory tract irritation cause headache. will be used to keep airborne kidneys, central nervous concentrations low. The substance system, liver, eyes or any will be Stored in a cool, dry place other test as advised by & in a tightly closed container, doctors. well-ventilated area. Based on Doctor’s advice necessary treatment will be given and if necessary the operating person will be shifted to other non- exposure area 25 Oxalic acid Harmful if swallowed. It Water spray, dry chemical, carbon Operating personnel will It Causes eye irritation. , It causes severe irritation cause severe dioxide, or alcohol-resistant foam be sent to periodical eye burns, redness and of the upper respiratory gastrointestinal tract will be used to keep fire –exposed medical check for every pain. Harmful if absorbed tract with pain, burns, irritation with nausea, containers cool. six months and do the through the skin. and inflammation vomiting and possible Dust generation and accumulation lung function test, Contact with skin causes burns and haemorrhaging will be minimized. Breathing dust, kidneys, central nervous irritation and possible of the digestive tract. vapor, mist, or gas, contact with system, liver, eyes or any burns, especially if the skin and eyes will be avoided. other test as advised by skin is wet or moist and Substance will be Stored in a cool, doctors. It Causes redness and dry place & in a tightly closed Based on Doctor’s advice pain .It cause liver and container, well-ventilated area. necessary treatment will

Vimta Labs Limited, Hyderabad/Coimbatore C7-39 Environmental Impact Assessment for the proposed expansion of Synthetic/Natural Organic Aromatic Plant at Chickadasampalayam Village, Mettupalayam Taluk, Coimbatore District, Tamil Nadu Chapter - 7 Additional Studies

kidney damage. be given and if necessary

the operating person will

be shifted to other non-

exposure area 26 Orthophosphoric It Causes gastrointestinal Operating personnel will It Causes irreversible eye Irritation lead to chemical This material is Hygroscopic acid tract burns. Causes be sent to periodical injury. Contact with pneumonitis and which absorbs moisture or water severe pain, nausea, medical check for every liquid is corrosive to the pulmonary edema. It from the air. This material will be vomiting, diarrhea, and six months and do the eyes and causes severe Causes severe irritation of kept away from Incompatible shock. May cause lung function test, burns and ulceration. upper respiratory tract materials, metals, excess heat, hemorrhaging of the kidneys, central nervous Prolonged or repeated with coughing, burns, and exposure to moist air or digestive tract. May system, liver, eyes or any skin contact causes breathing difficulty and water. cause corrosion and other test as advised by dermatitis. Prolonged or possible coma. Causes permanent tissue doctors. repeated eye contact chemical burns to the Chemical splash goggles and destruction of the Based on Doctor’s advice causes conjunctivitis. respiratory tract. appropriate protective gloves will esophagus and digestive necessary treatment will Prolonged inhalation be given to employers who tract. be given and if necessary causes respiratory tract handle this substance the operating person will inflammation and lung be shifted to other non- damage Substance will be Stored in a exposure area cool, dry place & in a tightly closed container, well-ventilated area. 27 Palladium Harmful if swallowed, it Operating personnel will It Causes eye irritation. If inhaled, it causes Adequate ventilation will be used Charcoal causes respiratory tract be sent to periodical and skin irritation respiratory tract irritation to keep airborne concentrations irritation medical check for every low. Substance will be kept away six months and do the from sources of ignition and it will lung function test, be Stored in a cool, dry place & in kidneys, central nervous a tightly closed container, well- system, liver, eyes or any ventilated area other test as advised by doctors.

Based on Doctor’s advice necessary treatment will be given and if necessary the operating person will be shifted to other non- exposure area 28 tert-Butanol Harmful if swallowed, It Operating personnel will It Causes eye irritation. Harmful if inhaled. It Material is Stable under normal cause irritation of the be sent to periodical and Lachrymator causes respiratory tract temperatures and pressures. This digestive tract. medical check for every (substance which irritation and central material will be kept away from Vimta Labs Limited, Hyderabad/Coimbatore C7-40 Environmental Impact Assessment for the proposed expansion of Synthetic/Natural Organic Aromatic Plant at Chickadasampalayam Village, Mettupalayam Taluk, Coimbatore District, Tamil Nadu Chapter - 7 Additional Studies

increases the flow of nervous system effects Incompatible materials, ignition six months and do the tears). It causes skin sources, and excess heat. Spark- lung function test, kidneys, central nervous proof tools and explosion proof equipment will be Used. Contact system, liver, eyes or any irritation and dermatitis. with eyes, skin, and clothing will other test as advised by It is harmful if absorbed be avoided. doctors. through the skin Based on Doctor’s advice necessary treatment will be given and if necessary the operating person will be shifted to other non- exposure area 29 Hydrogen Gas Swallowing air cause Substance is stored in adequate Operating personnel will It is Extremely High concentrations of bloating, burping, gas, ventilated area where temperature be sent to periodical flammable gas. It this gas cause an oxygen- and abdominal pain. will not exceed 125°F (52°C) and medical check for every became explosive when deficient environment. Swallowed air that is not kept away from heat, sparks, open six months and do the mixtures with air. Eye Individuals breathing such released by burping flame or any other ignition source. lung function test, Contact with rapidly an atmosphere may passes through the These materials will be Stable kidneys, central nervous expanding gas cause experience symptoms digestive tract and is under normal temperatures and system, liver, eyes or any burns or frostbit. Skin which include headaches, released as gas (flatus). pressures. Chemical splash other test as advised by Contact with rapidly ringing in ears, dizziness, Swallowed air causes a goggles and appropriate protective doctors. expanding gas cause drowsiness, baby to be upset and gloves will be given to employers Based on Doctor’s advice burns or frostbit unconsciousness, nausea, have colic behaviour. who handle this substance necessary treatment will vomiting and depression Aerophagia is a condition be given and if necessary of all the senses. where large amounts the operating person will of air are swallowed. be shifted to other non- exposure area 30 Swallowing of the liquid The material will be stored with Operating personnel will It Causes eye irritation. Harmful if inhaled Iso propyl ether cause aspiration into the protected vent. Qualified and be sent to periodical and skin irritation. Breathing of these lungs with the risk of trained workers will be employed medical check for every Higher exposure causes substance cause chemical pneumonitis. and first aid will be available and six months and do the loss of consciousness headache, drowsiness, Accidental ingestion of workers will be trained in first aid. lung function test, and even death. dizziness, nausea and the material cause Substance is stored in tightly kidneys, central nervous Prolonged or repeated confusion. damaging to the health of closed container in a cool, well system, liver, eyes or any skin contact drying and the individual. Ingestion ventilated area which is away from other test as advised by cracking of the exposed of substance produce heat, sparks and direct sunlight. doctors. areas stupor, blurred vision, Using only non-sparking tools and Based on Doctor’s advice headache, dizziness and equipment’s when opening and necessary treatment will irritation of the nose and closing the containers of the be given and if necessary throat chemical the operating person will

Vimta Labs Limited, Hyderabad/Coimbatore C7-41 Environmental Impact Assessment for the proposed expansion of Synthetic/Natural Organic Aromatic Plant at Chickadasampalayam Village, Mettupalayam Taluk, Coimbatore District, Tamil Nadu Chapter - 7 Additional Studies

be shifted to other non- exposure area

It causes eye irritation Breathing high 31 Jasmine Absolute It is harmful if swallowed Water fog / haze, Carbon dioxide, Operating personnel will and corneal damage. concentrations of vapor Gaseous extinguishing agents be sent to periodical Repeated contact may cause aesthetic effects. Foam will be used to keep fire – medical check for every cause allergic dermatitis exposed containers cool six months and do the Substance will be kept away from lung function test, oxidizing agents, excessive heat kidneys, central nervous and sources of ignition. Substance system, liver, eyes or any is stored in tightly closed container other test as advised by in a cool and well-ventilated area. doctors. Based on Doctor’s advice necessary treatment will be given and if necessary the operating person will be shifted to other non- exposure area 32 Jasmine Concrete It Causes eye irritation. It causes irritation of the NOISH approved respirator will be Operating personnel will Harmful if inhaled and skin irritation. digestive tract. provided to the employers. be sent to periodical Breathing of these Inflammation of the eye Contact with Skin, eyes and medical check for every substance cause is characterized by Ingestion will be avoided. six months and do the headache, drowsiness, redness, watering, and Substance will be kept in tightly lung function test, dizziness, nausea and itching. Skin closed container and kept with kidneys, central nervous confusion. inflammation is adequate ventilation. Dust system, liver, eyes or any characterized by itching, generation and accumulation will other test as advised by scaling, reddening, or, be minimized. Contact with eyes doctors. occasionally, blistering and skin, inhalation and ingestion Based on Doctor’s advice will be avoided. necessary treatment will be given and if necessary the operating person will be shifted to other non- exposure area 33 Sodium chloride It causes eye irritation. It causes irritation of the Operating personnel will It causes respiratory tract The material is Hygroscopic which Exposure to solid cause digestive tract. It is be sent to periodical irritation. It is harmful if absorbs moisture or water from pain and redness. It harmful if swallowed. medical check for every inhaled. the air. Chemical splash goggles cause skin irritation. It is Ingestion of large six months and do the and appropriate protective gloves harmful if absorbed amounts causes nausea lung function test, will be given to employers who through the skin. and vomiting, rigidity or kidneys, central nervous handle this substance. Substance convulsions. Continued system, liver, eyes or any will be kept in tightly closed Vimta Labs Limited, Hyderabad/Coimbatore C7-42 Environmental Impact Assessment for the proposed expansion of Synthetic/Natural Organic Aromatic Plant at Chickadasampalayam Village, Mettupalayam Taluk, Coimbatore District, Tamil Nadu Chapter - 7 Additional Studies

exposure can produce container and kept with adequate other test as advised by coma, dehydration, and ventilation. Dust generation and doctors. internal organ. accumulation will be minimized. Contact with eyes and skin, Based on Doctor’s advice inhalation and ingestion will be necessary treatment will avoided. be given and if necessary the operating person will be shifted to other non- exposure area Toluene It Causes eye irritation. It causes effects similar Water spray, dry chemical, carbon Operating personnel will It Causes respiratory 34 Vapors cause eye to those for inhalation dioxide, or appropriate foam will be sent to periodical tract irritation. Inhalation irritation and skin exposure. Aspiration of be used to keep fire –exposed medical check for every of high concentrations irritation. It is absorbed material into the lungs containers cool. chemical splash six months and do the (>200 ppm) of toluene through the skin. may cause chemical goggles and appropriate gloves lung function test, are clearly associated Repeated or prolonged pneumonitis, which may will be given to employers who kidneys, central nervous with CNS encephalopathy, exposure cause drying be fatal. May cause handle this substance system, liver, eyes or any headache, depression, and cracking of the skin. central nervous system other test as advised by lassitude (weakness, Not expected to cause an depression. Intentional The material will be stored with doctors. exhaustion), impaired allergic skin reaction. abuse of toluene vapors protected vent. Qualified and Based on Doctor’s advice coordination, transient Prolonged or repeated has been linked to trained workers will be employed necessary treatment will memory loss, and skin contact cause damage of the brain, and first aid will be available. be given and if necessary impaired reaction time. defatting and dermatitis. liver, kidney and to the operating person will Repeated exposure in death. Repeated be shifted to other non- combination with inhalation exposure of exposure area. constant, loud noise can toluene to animals causes produce hearing loss and histological changes in dizziness the brain, degeneration of the heart tissue, and possible immune 35 Zinc chloride It causes eye and skin Harmful if swallowed. It The material is Hygroscopic which Operating personnel will It causes chemical burns burns Causes gastrointestinal absorbs moisture or water from be sent to periodical to the respiratory tract tract burns the air. Chemical splash goggles medical check for every and appropriate protective gloves six months and do the will be given to employers who lung function test, handle this substance. Substance kidneys, central nervous will be kept in tightly closed system, liver, eyes or any container and kept with adequate other test as advised by ventilation. Dust generation and doctors. accumulation will be minimized. Based on Doctor’s advice Contact with eyes and skin, necessary treatment will

Vimta Labs Limited, Hyderabad/Coimbatore C7-43 Environmental Impact Assessment for the proposed expansion of Synthetic/Natural Organic Aromatic Plant at Chickadasampalayam Village, Mettupalayam Taluk, Coimbatore District, Tamil Nadu Chapter - 7 Additional Studies

inhalation and ingestion will be be givenand the operating avoided. person will be shifted to other non-exposure area

36 Potassium It Causes eye irritation. Harmful if swallowed. It The material is Hygroscopic which Operating personnel will carbonate Sodium carbonate, a causes irritation of the absorbs moisture or water from be sent to periodical It causes respiratory tract closely related chemical, digestive tract. Carbonate the air. Contact with skin, eyes, medical check for every irritation. It is harmful if is a severe eye irritant. is probably neutralized in dress, Inhalation and ingestion six months and do the inhaled. It cause skin irritation. It the stomach giving water will be avoided. Substance will be lung function test, is harmful if absorbed and carbon dioxide, kept in tightly closed container. kidneys, central nervous through the skin which is easily eliminated Chemical will be stored in cool, system, liver, eyes or any via the lungs or belching dry, well-ventilated area. It will other test as advised by be kept away from incompatible doctors. substances. Based on Doctor’s advice necessary treatment will be given and if necessary the operating person will be shifted to other non- exposure area 37 Sodium carbonate Hazardous in case of skin Harmful if inhaled. It The substance is toxic to Chemical splash goggles and Operating personnel will contact and eye contact. causes respiratory tract upper respiratory tract, appropriate protective gloves will be sent to periodical It Causes eye irritation irritation. Chronic skin, and eyes. be given to employers who medical check for every and Lachrymator inhalation Repeated or prolonged handle this substance. Substance six months and do the (substance which result in decreased exposure to the will be kept in tightly closed lung function test, increases the flow of pulmonary function, nasal substance can produce container and kept with adequate kidneys, central nervous tears) and skin irritation. congestion, nosebleeds, target organs damage ventilation. Dust generation and system, liver, eyes or any It is harmful if absorbed perforation of the nasal accumulation will be minimized. other test as advised by through the skin septum Contact with eyes and skin, doctors. inhalation and ingestion will be Based on Doctor’s advice

avoided. necessary treatment will be given and if necessary the operating person will be shifted to other non- exposure area 38 Sodium sulphate It causes eye irritation. It causes respiratory tract It is harmful if inhaled. Chemical will be stored in a cool Operating personnel will It Causes redness and irritation. It is harmful if It cause gastrointestinal and dry place. Storage area has be sent to periodical pain. It causes skin inhaled. irritation with nausea, been protected from moisture. medical check for every irritation and allergic vomiting and diarrhoea. Adequate ventilation has been six months and do the reaction in certain provided to keep the airborne lung function test, individuals. concentration low kidneys, central nervous system, liver, eyes or any

Vimta Labs Limited, Hyderabad/Coimbatore C7-44 Environmental Impact Assessment for the proposed expansion of Synthetic/Natural Organic Aromatic Plant at Chickadasampalayam Village, Mettupalayam Taluk, Coimbatore District, Tamil Nadu Chapter - 7 Additional Studies

other test as advised by doctors. Based on Doctor’s advice

necessary treatment will be given and if necessary the operating person will be shifted to other non- exposure area 39 Trimethyl It Causes moderate eye It causes respiratory tract It has a low ingestion Facilities storing or utilizing this Operating personnel will Orthoformate irritation and mild skin irritation. Vapors cause hazard. It Causes material will be equipped with an be sent to periodical irritation. dizziness or suffocation. gastrointestinal tract eyewash facility and a safety medical check for every irritation. shower. Adequate ventilation will six months and do the be used to keep airborne lung function test, concentrations low. chemicals will kidneys, central nervous be Kept away from heat, sparks, system, liver, eyes or any and flame and away from sources other test as advised by of ignition doctors. Based on Doctor’s advice necessary treatment will be given and if necessary the operating person will be shifted to other non- exposure area 40 Sodium acetate It causes mild eye It is harmful if inhaled it It is harmful if inhaled This material is Hygroscopic in Operating personnel will irritation and skin causes respiratory tract it causes irritation of the nature which absorbs moisture or be sent to periodical irritation. It is harmful if irritation. digestive tract. water from the air.so material will medical check for every absorbed through skin. be kept away from Incompatible six months and do the materials and dust generation. lung function test, Chemical splash goggles and kidneys, central nervous appropriate protective gloves will system, liver, eyes or any be given to employers who handle other test as advised by this substance. Substance is doctors. stored in tightly closed container in a cool and well-ventilated area. 41 Dichloroacetone It Causes severe eye It Causes respiratory tract It Causes The material is Stable under Operating personnel will irritation. Contact of the irritation gastrointestinal tract normal temperatures and be sent to periodical eye with the undiluted irritation. pressures. So, material will be medical check for every compound may result in kept away from Incompatible six months and do the death. It Causes severe materials, ignition sources, lung function test, moisture, and

Vimta Labs Limited, Hyderabad/Coimbatore C7-45 Environmental Impact Assessment for the proposed expansion of Synthetic/Natural Organic Aromatic Plant at Chickadasampalayam Village, Mettupalayam Taluk, Coimbatore District, Tamil Nadu Chapter - 7 Additional Studies

skin irritation. Harmful if kidneys, central nervous absorbed through the contact with water, excess heat, system, liver, eyes or any skin and strong oxidants. Appropriate other test as advised by protective eyeglasses or chemical doctors. safety goggles and appropriate protective gloves as described by OSHA's eye and face protection regulations will be given to employers. Substance is stored in tightly closed container in a cool and well-ventilated area. 42 Sodium Bromate It Causes eye and skin It causes respiratory tract It causes irritation of the Appropriate protective eyeglasses Operating personnel will irritation. It is harmful irritation, respiratory digestive tract. Nausea, or chemical safety goggles and be sent to periodical if absorbed through the difficulty and coughing. It vomiting, and appropriate protective gloves as medical check for every skin. Chronic exposures is harmful if inhaled. drowsiness Exposure described by OSHA's eye and face six months and do the cause anaemia, kidney causes anaemia and protection regulations will be given lung function test, damage and other blood to employers. The material is kidneys, central nervous methemoglobinemia. abnormalities. It is Stable under normal temperatures system, liver, eyes or any harmful if swallowed. and pressures and it will be kept other test as advised by away from Incompatible materials, doctors. dust generation, excess heat, and combustible materials. Substance is stored in tightly closed container in a cool and well-ventilated area. 43 P-Toluene sulfonic It Causes eye burns and It is harmful if inhaled. It It is harmful if This material is Hygroscopic in Operating personnel will acid monohydrate skin burns. It is harmful Causes chemical burns to swallowed. It causes nature which absorbs moisture or be sent to periodical if absorbed through the the respiratory tract gastrointestinal tract water from the air.so material will medical check for every skin. burns. be kept away from Incompatible six months and do the materials, dust generation, excess lung function test, heat, and exposure to moist air or kidneys, central nervous water. Substance is stored in system, liver, eyes or any tightly closed container in a cool, other test as advised by well ventilated area. Appropriate doctors. protective eyeglasses or chemical Based on Doctor’s advice safety goggles and appropriate necessary treatment will protective gloves as described by be given and if necessary OSHA's eye and face protection the operating person will regulations will be given to be shifted to other non- employers. exposure area

Vimta Labs Limited, Hyderabad/Coimbatore C7-46 Environmental Impact Assessment for the proposed expansion of Synthetic/Natural Organic Aromatic Plant at Chickadasampalayam Village, Mettupalayam Taluk, Coimbatore District, Tamil Nadu Chapter - 7 Additional Studies

Personal Protective Equipment:

The working personnel should be given the following appropriate personnel protective equipment.

 Industrial Safety Helmet;  Crash Helmets;  Face shield with replacement acrylic vision;  Zero power plain goggles with cut type filters on both ends;  Zero power goggles with cut type filters on both sides and blue color glasses;  Welders equipment for eye and face protection;  Cylindrical type earplug;  Ear muffs;  Canister Gas mask;  Self-contained breathing apparatus;  Leather apron;  Aluminized fibre glass fix proximity suit with hood and gloves;  Safety belt/line man's safety belt;  Leather hand gloves;  Asbestos hand gloves;  Acid/Alkali proof rubberized hand gloves;  Canvas cum leather hand gloves with leather palm;  Lead hand glove;  Electrically tested electrical resistance hand gloves;  Industrial safety shoes with steel toe; and  Electrical safety shoes without steel toe and gum boots.

All working personnel shall be medically examined every six months and at the end of his term of employment. This is in addition to the pre-employment medical examination. The fund allocation for occupational health and safety are presented in Table - 7.10. Report on health of employees has been attached as Annexure-XV

TABLE - 7.10 DETAILS OF FUND ALLOCATION FOR HEALTH AND SAFETY

Sr. No. Particulars Fund Allocation/Year (In Lakhs) 1 Periodic Health Screening for Employees 1,20,000 2 Workplace Safety Responsibility 1,00,000 3 Employees Health and Hygiene 1,30,000 Total 3,50,000

7.4.2 Safety Plan

Safety of both men and material during the erection and operation phases is of concern. The preparedness of an industry for the occurrence of possible disasters is known as emergency plan.

The disaster in the proposed expansion plant is possible due to the material handling, leakage of fuel/oil, collapse of structures and fire/explosion etc. Keeping in

Vimta Labs Limited, Hyderabad/Coimbatore C7-47 Environmental Impact Assessment for the proposed expansion of Synthetic/Natural Organic Aromatic Plant at Chickadasampalayam Village, Mettupalayam Taluk, Coimbatore District, Tamil Nadu Chapter - 7 Additional Studies

view the safety requirement during, operation and maintenances phases, the proposed Expansionplant shall formulate safety policy with the following regulations;

 To allocate sufficient resources to maintain safe and healthy conditions of work;  To take steps to ensure that all known safety factors are considered in the design, construction, operation and maintenance of plants, machinery and equipment;  To ensure that adequate safety instructions are given to all employees;  To provide necessary protective equipment, safety appliances and clothing wherever necessary and to ensure their proper use;  To inform employees about materials, equipment or processes used in their work, which are known to be potentially hazardous to health or safety;  To keep all operations and methods of work under regular review for making necessary changes from the point of view of safety;  To provide appropriate facilities for first aid and prompt treatment of injuries and illness at work;  To provide appropriate instruction, training, retraining and supervision to employees in health and safety, first aid and to ensure that adequate publicity is given to these matters;  To ensure proper implementation of fire prevention methods and an appropriate firefighting service together with training facilities for personnel involved in this service;  To organize collection, analysis and presentation of data on accident, sickness and incident involving personal injury or injury to health with a view to taking corrective, remedial and preventive action;  To promote through the established machinery, joint consultation in health and safety matters to ensure effective participation by all employees;  To publish/notify regulations, instructions and notices in the common language of employees;  To prepare separate safety rules for each types of occupation/processes involved in a project; and  To ensure regular safety inspection by a competent person at suitable intervals of all buildings, equipment, work places and operations.

7.4.3 Safety Organisation

Construction and Erection Phase

A Qualified and experienced safety officer shall be appointed. The responsibilities of the safety officers include identification of the hazardous conditions and unsafe acts of workers and advice on corrective actions, conduct safety audit, organize training programs and provide professional expert advice on various issues related to occupational safety and health.

Operation and Maintenance Phase

When the construction is completed the positing of safety officers shall be in accordance with the requirement of Factories Act and their duties and responsibilities shall be as defined thereof.

Vimta Labs Limited, Hyderabad/Coimbatore C7-48 Environmental Impact Assessment for the proposed expansion of Synthetic/Natural Organic Aromatic Plant at Chickadasampalayam Village, Mettupalayam Taluk, Coimbatore District, Tamil Nadu Chapter - 7 Additional Studies

7.4.4 Safety Circle

In order to fully develop the capabilities of the employees in identification of hazardous processes and improving safety and health, safety circles would be constituted in each area of the work. The circle would consist of 5-6 employees from that area. The circle normally shall meet for about an hour every week.

7.4.5 Safety Training

A full-fledged training centre shall be set up. Safety training shall be provided by the safety officers with the assistance of faculty members called from Corporate Centre, Professional Safety Institutions and Universities. To create safety awareness, safety films shall be shown to workers and leaflets etc., can be distributed.

Some precautions and remedial measures proposed to be adopted to prevent fires are:

 Spread of fire in horizontal direction would be checked by providing fire stops for cable shafts;  Reliable and dependable type of fire detection system with proper zoning and interlocks for alarm are effective protection methods for conveyor galleries;  Housekeeping of high standard helps in eliminating the cause of fire and regular fire watching system strengthens fire prevention and firefighting; and  Proper fire watching by all concerned would be ensured.

7.4.6 Health and Safety Monitoring Plan

All the potential occupational hazardous work places such as process area, material handling, loading and unloading area shall be monitored regularly. The health of employees working in these areas shall be monitored once in a month for early detection of any ailment.

Though effective measures are taken to combat pollution in ambient conditions, occupational health hazards are not overlooked. Project will provide well organized occupational health services to all its employees by taking responsibility for establishment and maintenance of safe and healthy working environment and assessment of the physical and mental capabilities to turn out specific workloads.

7.4.7 Medical Surveillance

The industry will have the medical centre for all the employees. All the employees will be examined periodically by the standard qualified doctors once in a month to determine the health status of the workers in respect of occupational health hazard to which they are exposed.

. Hazardous area wise list will be prepared by the medical officers to perform the specific test for the working employees. . No person will be signed up to operate the crane, locomotive or work-lift or give signals unless his eye sight and colour vision is properly examined by the concern ophthalmologist.

Vimta Labs Limited, Hyderabad/Coimbatore C7-49 Environmental Impact Assessment for the proposed expansion of Synthetic/Natural Organic Aromatic Plant at Chickadasampalayam Village, Mettupalayam Taluk, Coimbatore District, Tamil Nadu Chapter - 7 Additional Studies

7.4.8 Industrial Medical Centre Responsibilities

. Surveillance of workers health in relation to work; . Surveillance of working environments; . Identification and evaluation of environmental factors which may affect the worker’s health; . Assessment of conditions of occupational health of employees; and . Observance of safety norms and reduce/eliminate exposure to hazardous environments.

7.4.9 Employees training Programme

The industry will provide training program to the working employees. The training programme will include the hazardous operation, usage of the nose mask and earplugs, Engineering Act and working process in connection with their job’s roles.

7.4.10 List of Test for Working Employees

List of tests that are being conducted for every month to the workers are as:

. X-ray Chest view; . Electro Cardiogram (ECG); . Eye fitness; . Spirometry Test; and . Audiogram Test.

7.4.11 Medical Examination

EAPL will take up monitoring activities periodically to assess hazards due to gases, dusts, vibrations, radiations etc. The following medical check-up/examination will be done:

. Pre-employment medical check-up for the employees; . X-ray Chest test including bone scan, CT ratio; . ECG to find the activity of the heart related problems; . Eye Fitness (near and far as well as colour vision); . Spirometry to measure the lung function; and . Audiogram Test to find the deafness.

7.5 Social Impact Assessment

The impact of the proposed Expansion activity will begin with the starting up of the plant roof Expansion activities at the site. The proposed expansion activity will provide employment to considerable number of skilled, semi-skilled and unskilled construction labourers. In normal circumstances, the local people will be given preference for the unskilled activities, as there are many construction labourers in the vicinity of the project and are expected to be available with normal wages. Presently, a large number of skilled and semi-skilled technicians and labourers who emigrated from various parts of India have been engaged in many companies on wages/contract basis. Similar technicians and skilled workers will either be brought or sourced from the local area for erection of the proposed expansion activity.

Vimta Labs Limited, Hyderabad/Coimbatore C7-50 Environmental Impact Assessment for the proposed expansion of Synthetic/Natural Organic Aromatic Plant at Chickadasampalayam Village, Mettupalayam Taluk, Coimbatore District, Tamil Nadu Chapter - 7 Additional Studies

The labour force required during the construction period will be sourced from the local area. Provision of wage employment to the local populace during construction period of the project will benefit the local area to some extent. This will enhance the income levels of the construction labourers and lead to their socio-economic wellbeing during the construction phase of the proposed Expansion activity, which will be positive impact due to the project.

In addition, the real estate in the region will get a boon and the land prices are likely to shoot-up as part of speculation. Normally, the construction activity will benefit the local populace in a number of ways, which include the requirement of skilled, semi- skilled and unskilled construction labourers, tertiary sector employment and provision of goods and services for daily needs including transport. ‘ In line with the above, some more recommendations are given below:

 Local people will be given preference;  All the guidelines under the Labour Act and Safety Rules as specified under Factories Act, 1948 will be implemented during the construction work to avoid any accidents; and  The contractor will be instructed to provide cooking fuel to the workers to prevent damage to trees. This will be part of the contractual agreement between the project proponent and the contractor engaged for construction.

7.5.1 Socio Economic Development Activities

The proposed expansion project will provide direct employment to about 22 persons and indirect employment to about 30 persons. Apart from the employment and business opportunities for the local people, they will also be benefited in the areas such as education, health care, infrastructure facilities and women empowerment. Some of the corporate environment responsibility activities proposed under the proposed project with total cost of Rs. 20.0 lakhs are listed below.

 safe drinking water facilities for nearby villages;  A medical camp with free medicine for nearby villagers;  Infrastructure facilities such as sanitary, library, sports amenities and smart classroom to government schools; and  Sponsorships / Scholarships for deserving students of government schools and distribution of school supplies.

7.6 Rehabilitation & Resettlement Action Plans

The proposed expansion activity is going to be implemented existing land area in Chikadasampalayam Village, Mettupalayam taluk, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu hence there is no Rehabilitation & Resettlement issues.

7.7 Traffic Management systems

This data illustrates the study of existing & proposed traffic levels at selected junctions from the plant site. The location of the existing plant is given below

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7.7.1 Location details

TABLE-7.11 DETAILS OF THE PLANT LOCATION

Sr. No. Particulars Details 1. Site co-ordinates Point Latitude Longitude 0 0 A 11 19’17.34”N 76 57’46.28”E 0 0 B 11 19’17.24”N 76 57’47.13”E 0 0 C 11 19’18.24”N 76 57’55.24”E 0 0 D 11 19’22.04”N 76 57’54.67”E 0 0 E 11 19’24.74”N 76 57’51.25”E 0 0 F 11 19’20.68”N 76 57’49.69”E

2. Elevation above MSL 295-308 m 3. Nearest Highway State Highway 15 –(1.20 km, S ) 4. Nearest Railway Station Mettupalayam – (4.0 km, SW) 5. Nearest Airport Coimbatore Airport – (33.1 km, S) 6. Seismicity Zone Zone-III as per IS-1893 (Part-1):2002

7.7.2 Data generation

The vehicles passing through the road (in both ways) were counted separately for 24 hours at one selected location from 0600 hrs to 0600 hrs next day continuously. Category-wise vehicle counting has been done continuously and recorded in the traffic volume count on hourly basis under respective categories.

7.7.2.1 Road Connectivity to the project

The project is located adjacent to the Vellipalayam - Sirumugai road. The traffic generated by the proposed project expansion will added to the existing traffic. Though pressure develops, the connecting road is sufficient to handle the pressure.

7.7.2.2 Categorization of Traffic

The engine driven vehicles were categorized into various heads viz. Trucks/Bus, Light Carriage Vehicles (LCV), Car/Jeep, Multi Axle Vehicles, Two/Three Wheelers and Cycles/others.

7.7.2.3 Sampling Locations

The traffic study has been carried out in front of the plant site. The details are shown in Figure 7.1 and in Table-7.12

TABLE-7.12 DETAILS OF THE TRAFFIC MONITORING LOCATION

Location Location Details Code T-1 Vellipalayam – Sirumugai road

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FIGURE-7.1 TRAFFIC MONITORING LOCATIONS

TABLE-7.13 IRC GUIDELINES

Capacity in PCU’s per hour for various traffic conditions No of Roads with no Roads with frontage Roads with free traffic Traffic flow frontage access, no access but no frontage access, lanes and standing vehicles, standing vehicles parked vehicles widths very little cross and high capacity and heavy cross traffic intersections traffic 2 - lane One way 2400 1500 1200 (7 – 7.5 m) Two way 1500 1200 750 3 – lane One way 3600 2500 2000 (10.5 m) 4 - lane One way 4800 3000 2400 (14 m) Two way 4000 2500 2000 6 – lane One way* 3600 2500 2200 (21 m) Two way 6000 4200 3600 *denotes for three lanes in predominant direction of flow

Vimta Labs Limited, Hyderabad/Coimbatore C7-53 Environmental Impact Assessment for the proposed expansion of Synthetic/Natural Organic Aromatic Plant at Chickadasampalayam Village, Mettupalayam Taluk, Coimbatore District, Tamil Nadu Chapter - 7 Additional Studies

TABLE-7.14 IRC – LOS GUIDELINES

V/C LOS Performance

0.0 - 0.2 A Excellent

0.2 - 0.4 B Very Good

0.4 - 0.6 C Good / Average / Fair

0.6 - 0.8 D Poor

0.8 - 1.0 E Very Poor

1.0 & above F Worst

V= Volume in PCUs/hr & C= Capacity in PCUs/ hr * Note: Capacity as per IRC Guidelines

The hourly vehicular traffic densities for continuous normal day at T1 location observed during the study period and the same are presented in Table-7.15. The existing and expansion traffic scenario is presented in Table -7.16 & 7.17.

Location Number : T-1 Details of Location : Vellipalayam to Sirumugai roadway

TABLE-7.15 TRAFFIC DENSITIES

Buses & Auto Other Total Time Two Wheeler Car/Utility Total PCUS Rickshaw heavy Vehicles Vehicles 09.00 AM to 10.00 AM 64 4 13 5 86 64 10.00 AM to 11.00 AM 16 2 9 4 31 31 11.00 AM to 12.00 PM 13 1 7 4 25 26.5 12.00 PM to 01.00 PM 16 4 15 7 42 48 01.00 PM to 02.00 PM 28 3 12 6 49 47 02.00 PM to 03.00 PM 8 3 11 3 25 27 03.00 PM to 04.00 PM 17 3 8 5 33 34.5 04.00 PM to 05.00 PM 13 5 9 3 30 29.5 05.00 PM to 06.00 PM 19 2 9 2 32 26.5 06.00 PM to 07.00 PM 24 3 16 8 51 55 07.00 PM to 08.00 PM 95 9 14 6 124 88.5 08.00 PM to 09.00 PM 24 7 17 7 55 57 09.00 PM to 10.00 PM 12 6 11 8 37 47 10.00 PM to 11.00 PM 3 2 10 4 19 25.5 11.00 PM to 12.00 AM 6 1 5 3 15 18 12.00 AM to 01.00 AM 2 1 7 3 13 18 01.00 AM to 02.00 AM 5 1 7 5 18 25.5 02.00 AM to 03.00 AM 3 1 3 2 9 11.5 03.00 AM to 04.00 AM 4 1 6 2 13 15 04.00 AM to 05.00 AM 9 5 13 5 32 37.5 05.00 AM to 06.00 AM 15 2 15 4 36 36.5

Vimta Labs Limited, Hyderabad/Coimbatore C7-54 Environmental Impact Assessment for the proposed expansion of Synthetic/Natural Organic Aromatic Plant at Chickadasampalayam Village, Mettupalayam Taluk, Coimbatore District, Tamil Nadu Chapter - 7 Additional Studies

Buses & Auto Other Total Time Two Wheeler Car/Utility Total PCUS Rickshaw heavy Vehicles Vehicles 06.00 AM to 07.00 AM 21 3 9 5 38 37.5 07.00 AM to 08.00 AM 69 7 15 7 98 77.5 08.00 AM to 09.00 AM 22 8 13 7 50 53 Total 508 84 254 115 961 937 Peak traffic flow of 8 hours is considered for calculating Volume (PCU/hr)

TABLE-7.16 TRAFFIC SCENARIO- EXISTING

Existing V/C Road V C* LOS Ratio

Vellipalayam - Sirumugai 117 1500 0.078 A Roadway V= Volume in PCUs/hr (8 hours peak time considered) & C= Capacity in PCUs/ hr * Note: Capacity as per IRC Guidelines

7.7.3 Traffic flow Assessment

The total traffic generated from the proposed expansion is 120 PCUs (117+3=120). The flow of vehicles in the proposed eexpansion doesn’t not create any significant impacts to the environment. There will be a movement of trucks in the plant premise for the transportation of raw material and products but after the proposed activities only a small increase in truck numbers which would not cause a significant impact.

TABLE-7.17 TRAFFIC SCENARIO – AFTER EXPANSION

Modified V/C Road V C* LOS Ratio

Velliyampalayam - 120 1500 0.08 A Sirumugai Roadway V= Volume in PCUs/hr & C= Capacity in PCUs/ hr * Note: Capacity as per IRC Guidelines

After the proposed expansion the traffic generated due to the industrial activity would be 120 PCUs. On combining with the existing traffic condition, the V/C ratio was found to be 0.08 and Level of Service is Excellent.

7.7.4 Conclusion

The existing level of service (LOS) of the Vellipalayam to Sirumugai Roadway is ‘A’ which is excellent. After considering the transportation of trucks due to the proposed project expansion, meagre impact was envisaged. The level of service predicted to be ‘A’ (Excellent) even after the proposed expansion.

7.8 Public consultation

The public hearing has been conducted as per the EIA Notification dated

Vimta Labs Limited, Hyderabad/Coimbatore C7-55 Environmental Impact Assessment for the proposed expansion of Synthetic/Natural Organic Aromatic Plant at Chickadasampalayam Village, Mettupalayam Taluk, Coimbatore District, Tamil Nadu Chapter - 7 Additional Studies

14th September 2006, as well as its amendments. The press notification indicating date and venue of the Public hearing was issued by the Tamil Nadu Pollution Control Board (TNPCB) in two leading newspapers in The New Indian Express (English) and Dinamani (Tamil) on disclosing project details inviting suggestions, views, comments and objections from the public regarding proposed expansion of aromatic plant.

7.8.1 Public Hearing

The public hearing meeting for the proposed expansion of aromatic plant was held on 03.02.2021 at National Matric Higher Secondary School, Sirumugai road, Mettupalayam taluk, Coimbatore District as per Environmental Impact Assessment Notification dated 14th September 2006.

The press notification indicating date and venue of the public hearing was issued by Tamil Nadu Pollution Control Board on 01st January 2021 in “Dinamani” (Tamil daily) and “The Indian Express" (English daily) with project details inviting suggestions, views, comments and objections to the project related to the establishment of M/s. Encee Aromatics (P) Ltd at Chikadasampalayam Village, Mettupalayam Taluk, Coimbatore District, Tamil Nadu.

Public Hearing meeting was chaired by Mr. K.Rajamani, District Collector, Coimbatore District, District Environment Engineer (DEE), TNPCB convened the meeting and requested the representative of M/s. M/s. Encee Aromatics (P) Ltd to explain the salient features of project and specific reference to the impacts of project to the environment and its management measures.

After the project explanation, the District Environment Engineer invited the public to express their concerns, views and suggestions on this proposal. Photographs of Public hearing are presented in Figure-7.2 (A)-7.2(C). Minutes of Public hearing is attached as Annexure-XXIX and reply to the issues raised during the meeting is tabulated in Table-7.17

Vimta Labs Limited, Hyderabad/Coimbatore C7-56 Environmental Impact Assessment for the proposed expansion of Synthetic/Natural Organic Aromatic Plant at Chickadasampalayam Village, Mettupalayam Taluk, Coimbatore District, Tamil Nadu Chapter - 7 Additional Studies

FIGURE 7.2 PUBLIC HEARING ADVERTISEMENT IN NEWSPAPERS

Vimta Labs Limited, Hyderabad/Coimbatore C7-57 Environmental Impact Assessment for the proposed expansion of Synthetic/Natural Organic Aromatic Plant at Chickadasampalayam Village, Mettupalayam Taluk, Coimbatore District, Tamil Nadu Chapter - 7 Additional Studies

TABLE-7.18 REPLY TO THE ISSUES RAISED DURING PUBLIC HEARING

Action Plan/Budget S.No Comment/ Concern raised by Reply by the Proponent Allocation/Timeline 1. Mr. Sugandha Reddy, Environmentalist, The proponent has informed that rainwater 1. In the proposed expansion, harvesting is being effectively implemented two tanks of capacity of In his address he expressed his best wishes to the in the exiting plant. 64.5 & 122.0 KLD will be M/s Encee Aromatics (P) Limited management constructed to store roof and he introduced himself as the first Greenbelt of 33% of the total area will be water and storm water environmentalist in India to support the industrial developed with native trees and also runoff respectively. No development because in his opinion Plantation will be taken up in the nearby fresh water will be utilized unemployment is the most pollution to the villages. for the plant process in the society. he also added that in our country every expansion activity. year 1 crore of people come to market for At present 108 persons were employed employment. from the local areas. Additionally, 22 Budget Allotted for RWH: persons will be employed in the proposed 15.0 Lakhs The government of India and all state expansion based on the skills and priority. governments of India are providing 5 to 6 lakhs Timeline: 3 Months jobs every year and the remaining 95 lakhs Many welfare activities have been carried employment are to be provided only through out under CSR for the upliftment of the 2. CER Budget Allotted: industrial sector and private sector. Due to this local communities. An amount of Rs. Rs. 20.0 Lakhs reason and at the same time the environmental 120.17 lakhs have been spent on various ecological balance is also important. Both they are welfare activities. In the expansion project, Timeline: 3 Years railway lines, one is development and the other is 2.5% of the project cost (20.0 Lakhs) will environment. be allotted for CER activities with the coordination of District Collector and At the same time Tamilnadu industrial Panchayath Heads development is also very important and there is a great necessity to protect the ecological balance, environmental safety and development of water and land , it is very good and satisfactory but as a Vimta Labs Limited, Hyderabad/Coimbatore C7-58 Environmental Impact Assessment for the proposed expansion of Synthetic/Natural Organic Aromatic Plant at Chickadasampalayam Village, Mettupalayam Taluk, Coimbatore District, Tamil Nadu Chapter - 7 Additional Studies

environmentalist he suggested to collect the health status of the people, crop production status and water available status in this region. It is very useful in future and can be utilized as a parameter to take precautionary affective measures to maintain ecological balance. If there is any possibility to add this report in final EIA report it is great welcoming and credibility to the management.

He added that the industry has only 9 acres of land, in this land in every year approximately 2.5 crores liters of rain water comes but the industry whatever uses approximately 3 crores of liters of every year and there is a large gap between these, so he requested to provide water harvesting structure to store rain water and water storage tanks it is very useful to develop ground water and can be utilized in the industry also.

He appreciated, that planned to take up 33% plantation is very good and according to the government norms is quiet right. He added his suggestion that if there is any possibility to improve 40-50% plantation as in India at the time of independence the Indian population was 35 crores presently our population is 135 crores.

At the time of independence our total Indian land geographic area was 82 crores acre and now is also 82 crores acre. It is a great pleasure on ecological balance, he requested that if there is

Vimta Labs Limited, Hyderabad/Coimbatore C7-59 Environmental Impact Assessment for the proposed expansion of Synthetic/Natural Organic Aromatic Plant at Chickadasampalayam Village, Mettupalayam Taluk, Coimbatore District, Tamil Nadu Chapter - 7 Additional Studies

any possibility to improve plantation and to take up village whose internal roads are being used by the vehicles to transport the materials. this can control dust pollution

He requested that the industry should give priority to plant fruit bearing plants and medicinal values plants instead of normal plants and it is very beneficial to control dust pollution as well as fruits and medicinal valued plants are available in nearby villages. He informed that it is a normal cost and it is not required any additional in nearby villages. He informed that it is a normal cost and it is not required any additional cost of CSR budget provided.

He insisted to give top priority to the local educated unemployed youth employment in the industry. He humbly requested to promote skill development training with the help of government or whatever to unemployed youth to get better skills and to get employment opportunity in the industry. he requested to help the remain youth to get employment jobs in other places. He suggested to form a coordination committee with the company officials, Govt. officials, PCB official, Villagers to take up a plan of action of CSR budget and it is very effectively helping and meaningful to take up demand-oriented works.

He added that the company shall discuss whatever the urgent need of works it may be

Vimta Labs Limited, Hyderabad/Coimbatore C7-60 Environmental Impact Assessment for the proposed expansion of Synthetic/Natural Organic Aromatic Plant at Chickadasampalayam Village, Mettupalayam Taluk, Coimbatore District, Tamil Nadu Chapter - 7 Additional Studies

great credibility to the management and very useful to development of villagers.

Once again, he expressed his best wishes and support to the industry, but at the same time pleased to maintain the ecological balance, environmental safety and public safety. He also congratulated the environmental consultant who has detailed EIA report to the project and it is very good and satisfactory. Finally, he requested the public hearing panel committee to recommend to the MOEF and CC to give unconditional permission to the unit M/s Encee Aromatics (P) Limited 2. Dr. Mohamed Ismail, Mettupalayam The Proponent has expressed his gratitude -- and assured that the industry will continue At the outset he informed that this is the first to engage in the upliftment of the local area time of his present in such a public hearing people by carrying out of welfare activities meeting. He appreciated the activities of M/s and providing employment to the right Encee Aromatics (P) Limited in their service of people. curing Breast Cancer to women of tribes and others in a radius of 100 KMs around Chikadasampalayam through Rotary Club of Mettupalayam in which he associated. About Rs.30 Lakhs has been provided as financial assistance by coordinating with the Rotary Club.

Then the proponent has also helped to greater extent for providing toilet facilities to the Girl’s Government educational institutions. The proponent has also explored the various activities through CSR Scheme. He appreciated M/s Encee Vimta Labs Limited, Hyderabad/Coimbatore C7-61 Environmental Impact Assessment for the proposed expansion of Synthetic/Natural Organic Aromatic Plant at Chickadasampalayam Village, Mettupalayam Taluk, Coimbatore District, Tamil Nadu Chapter - 7 Additional Studies

Aromatics (P) Limited for the employment opportunities they will provide during course of the expansion 3. Mr Venkateswarlu, Environmentalist, Neetha The proponent thanked him and assured Health assessment shall be Swachanda Seva Society, Karnool, Andra that health camps will be conducted in the undertaken in the local Pradesh near vicinity of the villages. Provision of villages clean water facilities and scholarships for He supported the unit M/S. Encee Aromatics(P) school students will be carried out under CER Budget Allotted: Limited for the issue of environmental clearance. CER activities during the proposed Rs. 20.0 Lakhs he suggested the project proponents that the expansion project. affected villages may be provided with health Timeline: 3 Years camps, mineral water plants and poor students may be supported with scholarships. 4. Mr Chena Kesava Reddy, Social Activist, The Proponent welcomes his valuable CER Budget Allotted: Hyderabad. suggestions and he informed that the unit Rs. 20.0 Lakhs has already installed ETP and its operating He supported to recommended to the MOEFCC for effectively. Timeline: 3 Years the unit M/s Encee aromatics (P) limited. He suggested that the unit must operate the effluent Treatment Plant and sewage treatment plant to avoid pollution to the public health and to help below poverty line (BPL) families.

He added that during COVID -19 prevailing season the BPL families are most affected, so the CSR funds must be used only for the affected area and people. Further he suggested that the unit shall develop water treatment plant, tree plantation, water harvesting and shall adopt the villages for its development.

Vimta Labs Limited, Hyderabad/Coimbatore C7-62 Environmental Impact Assessment for the proposed expansion of Synthetic/Natural Organic Aromatic Plant at Chickadasampalayam Village, Mettupalayam Taluk, Coimbatore District, Tamil Nadu Chapter - 7 Additional Studies

5. Mr H.Madhubabu, Environmental Volunteer, The proponent has informed that this is not CER Budget Allotted: Hyderabad. a bulk drug manufacturing industry and it is Rs. 20.0 Lakhs manufacturing of natural and synthetic As an environmental volunteer, he suggested the aromatics. He assured to well take of all the Timeline for implementing proponent basically that, this is the bulk drug suggestion. the CER activities: 3 Years factory so they shall provide employment from the nearby villages and about 80% from nearby affected people.

He suggested the unit shall develop the tree plantation as much as possible to control the air pollution and CR & CSR budget shall be utilized for the affected villages. 6. Mr V. Sivakumar, secretary, Agriculturalist The Proponent expressed his gratitude -- Association, Mettupalayam

He expressed that the unit M/s Encee Aromatics (P) limited has scored good name in mettupalam surroundings. They have utilized the CSR funds to all the people, infrastructure facilities to school and public welfare. He stated that about 70 lakhs have been provided to Mahajana Higher Secondary School , Mettupalayam, about 25% to Rotary club and they also help to Arima sangam and General Social service through CSR fund. Such expansion should be more beneficial to the development of the people of this area.

He extended his hopes that M/s Encee Aromatics (P) Limited in course of their expansion will comply the government norms and will not cause

Vimta Labs Limited, Hyderabad/Coimbatore C7-63 Environmental Impact Assessment for the proposed expansion of Synthetic/Natural Organic Aromatic Plant at Chickadasampalayam Village, Mettupalayam Taluk, Coimbatore District, Tamil Nadu Chapter - 7 Additional Studies

any damages to the agricultural activity and public health. On behalf of Mettupalayam agriculturalist association he expressed his recommendations to issue permission to the unit’s expansion activity. 7. Mrs Manimekalai Mahendran, Chairman, The Proponent assured that the pollution -- Karamadai Panchayat Union levels will be kept well below the prescribed norms of CPCB/SPCB She expressed her greetings to the district collector, Govt. officials and all. She stated that no complaint has been received against the unit so far and the project proponent has explained the expansion activity very clearly.

She added that the unit authority is very much helpful to schools, ladies and public. she requested the unit M/s Encee Aromatics (P) Limited to maintain the pollution levels of Air, Water and sound within the limits as it is now so that it will not affect the public health. 8. Mrs Vimala, President, Chikadasampalaym The Proponent informed that more Budget Allotted to Panchayat. attention will be given to the Chikadasampalayam Village: Chikadasampalayam village while Rs. 5.0 Lakhs She welcomed the district collector, DEE, TNPCB, implementing the CER activities. An amount govt, officials, etc. she stated that the unit M/s of Rs. 5.0 Lakhs will be sanctioned for the Timeline: 6 Months Encee Aromatics (P) Limited is pride of welfare of the village with immediate effect. sikkadsampalyam village from her childhood. At present, about 200 employees are working and it seems that will be increased about 250 employees during expansion activity.

Vimta Labs Limited, Hyderabad/Coimbatore C7-64 Environmental Impact Assessment for the proposed expansion of Synthetic/Natural Organic Aromatic Plant at Chickadasampalayam Village, Mettupalayam Taluk, Coimbatore District, Tamil Nadu Chapter - 7 Additional Studies

She also said that more employment will be increased in the expansion in which youths of the villages get benefited. She added that, in this industry about 70% of employees are working from sikkadasampalyam village. She further added that the unit has done various welfare activities but not spent much for Chikadasampalayam village.

So, she requested to provide common sanitation facilities to the AD colonies located in Chikadasampalayam panchayat. She stated that the public water supply pumps consume more electric power, so she requested the unit shall help to install solar power system to reduce the electric power cost. 9. Mrs Usha devi, Ward Member, Karamadai Proponent informed that employment will -- be provided on the specific skill set with She stated that, in the village of palapatti, banana priority to the local people, mainly from the is planted in huge areas. She added that no palapatti village. complaint has been received against the unit so far and the unit ‘s authority is providing good employment and salary to the people. she also informed that, in their area SC/ST people are living in large number and they are educated but no employment, she requested to give priority to appoint the palapatti village people.

Further she requested to encourage the flower cultivation in their village and promote the flower collection centers for the unit’s manufacturing process. She informed that she has no objection Vimta Labs Limited, Hyderabad/Coimbatore C7-65 Environmental Impact Assessment for the proposed expansion of Synthetic/Natural Organic Aromatic Plant at Chickadasampalayam Village, Mettupalayam Taluk, Coimbatore District, Tamil Nadu Chapter - 7 Additional Studies

to issue the permission to the unit’s expansion activity. 10. Sudharsan, NGO, Cheyutha Rural and Environment Development Society, Nalgonda,Telangana

He stated that, he has submitted his suggestion in written form

Comments from the District Collector:

The district collector stated that the environmental activist, General public of this area, President, the vice President of Chikadasampalayam Panchayath etc., all conveyed their opinion about this area health and sanitation. At the same time, he told that he feels happy with the industries operating more than 40 years in this area and operating the unit damage to the public and the environment.

The District Collector pointed out that the statement of a person from Hyderabad stated that environment should be given priority considering the present scenario and population growth. At the same time, he also emphasized support to the industrial development which is balanced here. Also, from the point stated it is understood that the management is also satisfying the people, their expectation, government, their expectation and their conditions

As District Collector, he also stated his points, the unit located bank of Bhavani river and unit has installed the STP and ETP inside the premises and operating it. He also advised the unit to follow it continuously and not to pollute the river at any time and at any situation. The measure taken by the unit to protect the environment should be followed without fail.

The District Collector reveals his happiness about the unit’s assurance regarding the employment to the local people. He also emphasis the unit to organize the health camp periodically. During the health camp, employees and local people should be monitored their health through company’s CSR activities. The District Collector also instructed to increase the CSR activities as pointed out by the Chikadasampalayam President.

The District Collector also stated that Chikadasampalayam Village has a population of 40,000 which is equivalent to the urban area. The unit is providing development to the village through its CSR fund. In future, unit should consult with the local bodies for its Vimta Labs Limited, Hyderabad/Coimbatore C7-66 Environmental Impact Assessment for the proposed expansion of Synthetic/Natural Organic Aromatic Plant at Chickadasampalayam Village, Mettupalayam Taluk, Coimbatore District, Tamil Nadu Chapter - 7 Additional Studies

requirement and should plan their CSR activities.

The District Collector pointed out that statement of Dr. Ismail from Rotary Club about the welfare activities along with the unit through CSR fund, especially for the welfare of women. The District Collector also demanded the unit to do welfare activities for the development of people in association with voluntary organization.

The District Collector also stated that, as per the statement of DEE, TNPCB the points discussed in the meeting will be recorded truly and the expansion of application will be processed.

The District Environment Engineer, TNPCB- Coimbatore North, Thanked the District Collector for presiding the meeting and all the Government officials and representatives from the local bodies and general public for attending the public hearing meeting.

Vimta Labs Limited, Hyderabad/Coimbatore C7-67 Environmental Impact Assessment for the proposed expansion of Synthetic/Natural Organic Aromatic Plant at Chickadasampalayam Village, Mettupalayam Taluk, Coimbatore District, Tamil Nadu Chapter - 7 Additional Studies

FIGURE 7.3 (a) PUBLIC HEARING PHOTOGRAPHS

Vimta Labs Limited, Hyderabad/Coimbatore C7-68 Environmental Impact Assessment for the proposed expansion of Synthetic/Natural Organic Aromatic Plant at Chickadasampalayam Village, Mettupalayam Taluk, Coimbatore District, Tamil Nadu Chapter - 7 Additional Studies

FIGURE 7.3 (b) PUBLIC HEARING PHOTOGRAPHS

Vimta Labs Limited, Hyderabad/Coimbatore C7-69

CHAPTER-8

PROJECT BENEFITS

8.0 PROJECT BENEFITS

8.1 Improvement in the Physical Infrastructure

The impact of aromatic industry on the civic amenities will be substantial after the proposed expansion. The basic requirement of the community needs will be strengthened by extending health care, educational facilities to the community, providing drinking water to the villages, building/strengthening of existing roads in the area.

EAPL will initiate the above amenities either by providing or by improving the facilities in the area, which will help in uplifting the living standards of local communities.

The construction of new roads in the project area will enhance the transportation facilities. With improved transportation facilities there is always a scope for development. The communication facilities will improve after the expansion of Synthetic/Natural Organic Aromatic Plant.

8.2 Improvement in the Social Infrastructure

The aromatic plant expansion will result in improvement of the social infrastructure in the following manner:

 Generation of employment and improved standard of living;

 Increased revenue to the state by way of royalty, taxes and duties; and

 Superior communication and transport facilities etc.

In addition to above, due to increase in purchasing power of local habitants:

 There will be significant change in the socio-economic scenario of the area as the raw material are being sourced from the farmers from the nearby community;

 The proposed expansion project will enhance the prospects of direct and in direct employment during construction. Recruitment for the unskilled and semiskilled workers for the proposed expansion activity will be sourced from the nearby villages;

 The development of the basic amenities viz. roads, transportation, electricity, drinking water, proper sanitation, educational institutions, medical facilities, entertainment, etc. will be developed as far as possible; and

 Overall the expansion project will change living standards of the people and improve the socio-economic conditions of the area.

VIMTA Labs Limited, Hyderabad/Coimbatore C8-1 Environmental Impact Assessment for the proposed expansion of Synthetic/Natural Organic Aromatic Plant at Chikadasampalayam Village, Mettupalayam Taluk, Coimbatore District, Tamil Nadu Chapter - 8 Project Benefits

8.3 Employment Potential

The impact of aromatic plant on the economic aspects can be clearly observed. The activity of project expansion will provide employment to persons of different skills and trades. The local population will be given preference to get an employment.

The employment potential will ameliorate economic conditions of these families directly and provide employment to many other families indirectly who are involved in business and service-oriented activities.

The employment of local people in primary and secondary sectors of project will upgrade the prosperity of the region. These will in-turn improve the socio-economic conditions of the area.

The total manpower required for the proposed expansion during the operation phase is about 130 persons. In addition to the above, direct employment will be provided to the contractual labour and indirect employment opportunities will also arise after expansion of Synthetic/Natural Organic Aromatic Plant.

Supply Chain Initiatives

As their raw material is largely sourced from nature, they take great pride in their supply chain initiatives. They get raw materials from nearly 450 farmers in the region. Some of these crops are seasonal. They provide free seedlings and seasonal advances to these farmers to procure agricultural equipment. Some of their personal expenses such as children’s education or emergency medical expenses are also supported. Their crops are transported to the factory free of charge, and crop bonuses are paid to them at the end of the season. Payments are made on a weekly basis to ensure that their farmer partners are able to sustain their livelihood.

8.4 Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR)

8.4.1 Existing CSR Activities

EAPL has carried out CSR activities in the nearby communities. Their key focus is on the upliftment of the social, economic and health of the surrounding people. An amount of about 120.17 lakhs has been spent for various activities as on date. The details of expenditure of CSR activities implemented is shown in Table 8.1 and the photographs are presented in Figure 8.1 (a) & 8.1 (b). The list of bills and documents of CSR activities is attached as Annexure- XIX

VIMTA Labs Limited, Hyderabad/Coimbatore C8-2 Environmental Impact Assessment for the proposed expansion of Synthetic/Natural Organic Aromatic Plant at Chikadasampalayam Village, Mettupalayam Taluk, Coimbatore District, Tamil Nadu Chapter - 8 Project Benefits

TABLE 8.1 EXPENDITURE OF CSR ACTIVITIES

Amount Spent S.No Activities Year (In lakhs) 1. Budget Allotted to "Mettupalayam Rotary Club Trust" towards construction of sanitation facilities 2014-2015 2.50 in Govt. Girls Primary school 2. Budget Allotted to “Chairman / District Collector DRDA, Coimbatore" towards Rural Development 2015-2016 3.0 expenses in Vellipalayam, Kutharipalayam, & Karatumedu 3. Budget allotted to "The Mettupalayam Mahajana Schools Committee" for construction of school 2016-2017 80.0 building 4. Contribution to Project Heal to launch a mobile mammogram unit to detect breast cancer among 2019-2020 24.0 women which is organized by Rotary Club, Mettupalayam. 5. Amount spent on Project “CARE” to augment the capacity of General Hospital, Mettupalayam, 2020-2021 5.0 initiated by Rotary Club, Mettupalayam 6. Supply of essential food provisional items to various villages under Karamadai & 2020-2021 2.55 Jagadampalayam Panchayat Block during COVID Pandemic 7. Provision of cots, bed & pillows to the COVID-19 Care Centre at Nanjaiah Lingammal Thirumana 2020-2021 3.12 Mandapam, Mettupalayam Total 120.17

The Company has spent CSR funds for various welfare activities since 2014-2015 to 2020 - 2021, and also waiting for further suitable projects in the upcoming years. The Company has earmarked funds in fixed deposits with Indian Bank, Mettupalayam for spending amount in further activities.

VIMTA Labs Limited, Hyderabad/Coimbatore C8-3 Environmental Impact Assessment for the proposed expansion of Synthetic/Natural Organic Aromatic Plant at Chikadasampalayam Village, Mettupalayam Taluk, Coimbatore District, Tamil Nadu Chapter - 8 Project Benefits

FIGURE-8.1 (a) PHOTOGRAPHS OF EXISTING CSR ACTIVITIES

VIMTA Labs Limited, Hyderabad/Coimbatore C8-4 Environmental Impact Assessment for the proposed expansion of Synthetic/Natural Organic Aromatic Plant at Chikadasampalayam Village, Mettupalayam Taluk, Coimbatore District, Tamil Nadu Chapter - 8 Project Benefits

FIGURE-8.1 (b) PHOTOGRAPHS OF EXISTING CSR ACTIVITIES

VIMTA Labs Limited, Hyderabad/Coimbatore C8-5 Environmental Impact Assessment for the proposed expansion of Synthetic/Natural Organic Aromatic Plant at Chikadasampalayam Village, Mettupalayam Taluk, Coimbatore District, Tamil Nadu Chapter - 8 Project Benefits

8.5 Corporate Environment Responsibility (CER)

The CER policy lays down the guidelines and mechanism to carry out CER projects/programs by EAPL and to report their CER work in the format provided by MoEF &CC in the Office Memorandum dated 01.05.2018.

M/s.Encee Aromatics (P) Limited. CER policy is formed by the guiding principles that form part of the CER rules. EAPL CER policy is applied to all CER projects/program undertaken by EAPL for the benefits of marginalized, disadvantaged, poor or deprived sections of the community and the environment.

EAPL proposes to take part in various CER activities like potable water facility for nearby school, infrastructure facility to government school and revamping of water pumps at Chikadasampalayam village. 2.5 % of the project cost will be allocated for CER activity, which is 20.0 lakhs and this will be completed within the period of 3 years from the date of commencing of expansion activity. The CER activity action plan for the proposed expansion is shown in Table - 8.2.

TABLE - 8.2 CORPORATE ENVIRONMENT RESPONSIBILITY ACTION PLAN

Capital cost Sr. 2021- 2022- 2023- Activity (Rs. in No 2022 2023 2024 Lakhs) Potable water supply facility for nearby 1. 3.0 3.0 - - Govt. School Infrastructure facilities such as sanitary, 2. library, sports amenities and smart 6.5 2.5 2.0 2.0 classroom to Govt.Schools Scholarship to economically weaker 3. 5.0 1.65 1.65 1.70 section students Revamping of water pumps at 4. 2.5 1.5 1.0 - Chikadasampalayam village 5. Health Camps in nearby villages 3.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 Total 20.0 9.65 5.65 4.70

VIMTA Labs Limited, Hyderabad/Coimbatore C8-6

CHAPTER-9

ENVIRONMENT COST BENEFIT ANALYSIS

9.0 ENVIRONMENTAL COST BENEFIT ANALYSIS

As per EIA Notification dated 14th Sept., 2006, as amended from time to time; the Chapter on “Environmental Cost Benefit Analysis” is applicable only, if the same is recommended at the Scoping stage.

As per the standard ToR points issued by MoEF&CC, New Delhi vide letter F. No. J- 1101/142/2008-IA.II (I) dated 11th June, 2019 for the proposed project, the Environmental Cost Benefit Analysis is not applicable

Vimta Labs Limited, Hyderabad/Coimbatore C9- 1

CHAPTER-10

ENVIRONMENT MANAGEMENT PLAN

10.0 ENVIRONMENT MANAGEMENT PLAN

10.1 Objective

The Environment Management Plan (EMP) is necessary to ensure safe environmental conditions and sustainable development in the study area (10 km radius) of the proposed project. Hence, it needs to be an all encompassive plan for which the proposed proponent, Government and Regulating agencies like Pollution Control Committee etc. working in the region and more importantly the affected population of the study area need to extend their cooperation and contribution.

The identification and quantification of impacts based on scientific and mathematical modelling has been presented in Chapter-4. The Management Action Plan aims at controlling pollution at the source level to the possible extent with the best available technology.

Sound Environment Management Plan by the plant authorities is required to mitigate the impacts of the proposed plant within its surrounding environment. Specifically, the EMP lays stress on key environmental aspects and issues of the project during operation phase by:

 Identifying potential environmental impacts;  Recommending mitigation measures for the negative impacts;  Identifying opportunities for enhancement;  Providing an organizational framework for operating Environment Management System and other functions of the project by assigning roles and responsibilities for environmental monitoring and management; and  Formulating Environmental Action Plans (EAPs) which specify mitigation, periodic and annual monitoring activities during project implementation and operation.

The potential environmental impacts from the proposed project are identified and the magnitude of these impacts also predicted. The potential environmental impacts to be regulated from the proposed plant are summarized below:

 Air pollution due to the emission of particulate matter, sulphur dioxide & oxides of nitrogen;  Noise pollution due to various noise generating equipment;  Effluent generation from processing units as well as from domestic activities; and  Solid waste generation and disposal.

In order to minimize these adverse impacts and to ensure that the environment in and around the project site as well as the neighbouring population is well protected; an effective Environment Management Plan is developed for construction phase as well as operational phase.

10.2 Environment Management Plan during Construction Phase

During construction (erection) phase, the construction activities like erection of machineries, transportation of the construction material / proposed machineries cause various impacts on the surroundings.

VIMTA Labs Limited, Hyderabad/Coimbatore C10- 1 Environmental Impact Assessment for the proposed expansion of Synthetic/Natural Organic Aromatic Plant at Chikadasampalayam Village, Mettupalayam Taluk, Coimbatore District, Tamil Nadu Chapter - 10 Environment Management Plan

10.2.1 Land Environment Management

No site levelling will be carried out as the site is plain. Existing greenbelt will be maintained. No major construction work will be carried out.

10.2.2 Air Quality Management

No demolition of structures is envisaged in the proposed expansion. The activities like, site development, foundation and vehicular traffic contribute to increase in the SPM and NOx concentration. The mitigation measures recommended to minimize the impacts are:

 Water sprinkling in the construction area;  Asphalting of roads in the project area;  Proper maintenance of vehicles and construction equipment; and  Tree plantation and development in the area earmarked for greenbelt development.

10.2.3 Water Quality Management

The soil erosion at site during heavy precipitation contributes to the increase in suspended solids. The sources from which effluent is generated are canteen and rest rooms. The following mitigation measures are recommended to minimize the impacts:

 Septic tanks to treat sanitary waste water; and  Utilizing the treated water for greenbelt development.

10.2.4 Noise Level Management

The noise impact on the surrounding population during the construction phase will be within the acceptable limits. High noise generating equipment, if used, will not be operated during the night to eliminate any possible discomfort to the nearby residents. Community noise levels are not likely to be affected because of the greenbelt and likely attenuation due to the physical barriers. Provision of earplugs and earmuffs to workers involved during construction phase.

10.2.5 Ecological Management

Terrestrial Ecology

The impacts of construction activities would remain primarily confined to the plant site, which is rather small. Earth enabling work involving excavation and filling up operations may result in fugitive dust emission. Deposition of fugitive dust on pubescent leaves of nearby vegetation may lead to temporary reduction of photosynthesis. Such impacts would, however, be confined mostly to the initial periods of the construction phase and would be minimized through adoption of control measures such as paving and surface treatment, water sprinkling and plantation schemes. The impact would be restricted within the plant boundary. Thus, the impacts of construction activities will be marginal in scale.

VIMTA Labs Limited, Hyderabad/Coimbatore C10- 2 Environmental Impact Assessment for the proposed expansion of Synthetic/Natural Organic Aromatic Plant at Chikadasampalayam Village, Mettupalayam Taluk, Coimbatore District, Tamil Nadu Chapter - 10 Environment Management Plan

Aquatic Ecology:

During construction phase due care is taken to not release any waste water un-treated, there will be zero impacts on the aquatic ecology. The sewage generation will be treated in the existing septic tank and dispersion trench.

No forest land has been utilized for the proposed project, as the entire land required for the proposed project is already available with the management of EAPL.

10.2.6 Storage of Hazardous Materials

The hazardous materials used during the construction may include petrol, diesel, welding gas and paints. These materials will be stored and handled according to the guidelines specified under Hazardous Wastes Storage, Handling and Transportation Rules of EPA, 1989. Some of the precautions of storage include the following:

 Dyked enclosures should be provided which should be able to contain complete contents of the largest tank;

 Diesel and other fuels should be stored in separate dyke enclosures; and

 The distance between the storage tanks should be at least half their height.

10.2.7 Site Security

Adequate security arrangement should be made to ensure that the local inhabitants and the stray cattle are not exposed to the potential hazards of construction activities. The construction site should be provided with sufficient and suitable toilet facilities for workers to allow proper standards of hygiene. These facilities would be connected to a septic tank and maintained to ensure minimum environmental impact.

10.2.7.1 Facilities to be provided by the labour contractor during construction phase

The contractor has to provide following facilities to construction work force:

First Aid: At work place, first aid facilities should be maintained at a readily accessible place where necessary appliances including sterilized cotton wool etc. shall be available. Ambulance facilities should be kept readily available at workplace to take injured person to the nearest hospital.

Potable Water: Sufficient supply of water fit for drinking should be provided at suitable places.

Rest Shelters: Sufficient number of rest shelters shall be provided for workforce.

Sanitary Facility: Within the precinct of work place, latrines and urinals will be provided at accessible place. These should be cleaned at least twice during working hours and kept in a good sanitary condition. The contractor should conform to sanitary requirements of local medical and health authorities at all times.

VIMTA Labs Limited, Hyderabad/Coimbatore C10- 3 Environmental Impact Assessment for the proposed expansion of Synthetic/Natural Organic Aromatic Plant at Chikadasampalayam Village, Mettupalayam Taluk, Coimbatore District, Tamil Nadu Chapter - 10 Environment Management Plan

10.3 Environment Management Plan during Operation Phase

During operation phase, the impacts on the various environmental attributes should be mitigated using appropriate pollution control equipment. The Environment Management Plan prepared for the proposed project aims at minimizing the pollution at source.

10.3.1 Air Pollution Management

Stack emissions and fugitive emissions from the process as well as storage areas may contribute to increase in concentrations of PM, SO2, NOx, H2S, VOCs. Adequate and efficient control measures will be installed to keep the gaseous emissions to a minimum. The quantities of these gases will be insignificant and will not be continuously generated. These emissions are only product based and will be emitted only when the specific product is under production.

Adequate stack height will be provided for the boilers, thermopacs and DG-sets. Automated filling of the solvents and other volatile raw materials into the reactors to minimize spillage will be equipped. The close feed system into the batch reactors and solvent handling pump shall have mechanical seals to prevent leakages. Development of greenbelt will help to mitigate the fugitive emission.

10.3.1.1 Air Pollution Control System for Fugitive Emission

Storage of all solvents / chemicals will be in closed tanks and drums. Hence storage area will not be a source of fugitive emission. Fugitive emission due to traffic movement will be controlled by paved internal roads, regular cleaning of internal roads, proper maintenance of vehicles etc.

To control fugitive hydrocarbon emissions, the following measures shall be adopted:

.Provision and periodic inspections of mechanical seals in pumps; .Preventive maintenance of valves flanges, joints, roof vents of storage tanks; and .Submerged filling of liquid fuel storage tanks.

VIMTA Labs Limited, Hyderabad/Coimbatore C10- 4 Environmental Impact Assessment for the proposed expansion of Synthetic/Natural Organic Aromatic Plant at Chikadasampalayam Village, Mettupalayam Taluk, Coimbatore District, Tamil Nadu Chapter - 10 Environment Management Plan

Provision of Stacks with Adequate Height

Paved Road Surface at Plant site

FIGURE – 10.1 EMP FOR AIR AND FUGITIVE EMISSIONS

VIMTA Labs Limited, Hyderabad/Coimbatore C10- 5 Environmental Impact Assessment for the proposed expansion of Synthetic/Natural Organic Aromatic Plant at Chikadasampalayam Village, Mettupalayam Taluk, Coimbatore District, Tamil Nadu Chapter - 10 Environment Management Plan

10.3.2 Wastewater Management

The entire effluent generations of quantity will be 14.51 KLD. The effluent generated from the process of natural aroma product (concretes, absolutes and essential oils) 4.08 KLD will be treated in the proposed SBT-Bioreactor of capacity 8.5 KLD. The concentrated water is treated through patented media and collected at the bottom of the bioreactor which will be circulated for the greenbelt development. The effluent from the rest of the process (synthetic) will be collected and neutralized by the appropriate chemicals then send to the multiple effect evaporator for effluent evaporation. The treated water reused in cooling tower and water ejector makeup process. The condensate water from the boiler of quantity 8.18 KLD will be used for green belt development (1.35 ha). The concentrated effluent of 6.26 KLD from evaporator will be sent to the solar evaporation pond for further treatment process. The domestic wastewater of 4.80 KLD will be treated in the existing septic tank and dispersion trench. Hence, zero liquid discharge would be maintained in the proposed expansion of the plant. The details of sewage and effluent generation are given in Table - 10.1.

TABLE - 10.1 DETAILS OF SEWAGE/EFFLUENT GENERATION & MANAGEMENT

Quantity in KLD Sr. Wastewater Category After No. Existing Management Expansion Treated in ETP with 10.89 evaporator & Soil Bio 1 Process Water 12.09 (4.08+6.81) Technology ( Natural Aroma process Water) Cooling tower & Water jet 0.67 Treated in ETP with 2 0.5 ejector blow down (0.42 +0.25) evaporator DM plant blow down& 2.00 Treated in ETP with 3 1.5 Backwash (1.0 +1.0) evaporator Vessel & Equipment Treated in ETP with 4 0.6 0.95 cleaning evaporator Treated in Septic Tank and 5 Drinking & Domestic 3.2 4.80 Dispersion trench Total 17.89 19.31 Source: Encee Aromatics (P) Limited, Mettupalayam

Characteristics of the Effluent

The characteristics of the wastewater generated from ETP/SBT are tabulated in Table - 10.2.

VIMTA Labs Limited, Hyderabad/Coimbatore C10- 6 Environmental Impact Assessment for the proposed expansion of Synthetic/Natural Organic Aromatic Plant at Chikadasampalayam Village, Mettupalayam Taluk, Coimbatore District, Tamil Nadu Chapter - 10 Environment Management Plan

TABLE - 10.2 CHARACTERISTICS OF UNTREATED AND TREATED WATER FROM THE ETP/SBT

Sr. Desirable Parameters Units Un-Treated Treated No Limits

Effluent Treatment Plant

1 pH - 6.5-7.5 6.5-7.5 5.5 - 9.0 2 BOD mg/l 300 <10 10 3 COD mg/l 550 <50 50 4 TSS mg/l 120 <10 20 Soil Bio Technology 1 pH - 7.5-8.0 7.0-8.0 5.5 - 9.0 2 BOD mg/l 300 <10 10 3 COD mg/l 7000 <50 50 4 TSS mg/l <20 <10 20

10.3.2.1 Details of Treatment Plant

Effluent Treatment Plant with Multi Effect Evaporator (MEE):

Continuous Aerobic Multi Stage Soil Bio Technology (CAMUS SBT):

Meanwhile in the proposed expansion, alternate technology has been proposed to treat the wastewater generating from the process of manufacturing organic chemicals. In this system, combination of physical processes like sedimentation, infiltration and bio- chemical processes will be carried out to remove the suspended solids, organic and inorganic contents of the wastewater. The technology is based on a bio-conversion process where fundamental reactions of nature, namely respiration of micro and macro organisms, photosynthesis by plants, and mineral weathering take place in a media housing micro & macro organism which bring about the desired purification.

VIMTA Labs Limited, Hyderabad/Coimbatore C10- 7 Environmental Impact Assessment for the proposed expansion of Synthetic/Natural Organic Aromatic Plant at Chikadasampalayam Village, Mettupalayam Taluk, Coimbatore District, Tamil Nadu Chapter - 10 Environment Management Plan

bottom of the bio reactor and stored in a treated water tank. Further purification if required would be achieved by recycling the treated water through the bioreactor.

FIGURE- 10.2 PROCESS OF SBT

The treated effluent from the ETP (MEE & SBT) will be reused for cooling tower process water, ejector makeup and greenbelt development. The effluent treatment scheme diagram is given in the Figure – 10.3.

Domestic Sewage Treatment:

The wastewater generated from the domestic process of 4.80 KLD will be treated in the existing treatment system of septic tank and dispersion trench. The dimension of septic tank and dispersion trench is 6.63m x 2.33m x 2.45m, 7.47m x 2.33m x 2.80m respectively.

VIMTA Labs Limited, Hyderabad/Coimbatore C10- 8 Environmental Impact Assessment for the proposed expansion of Synthetic/Natural Organic Aromatic Plant at Chikadasampalayam Village, Mettupalayam Taluk, Coimbatore District, Tamil Nadu Chapter - 10 Environment Management Plan

EFFLUENT TREATMENT PLANT FOR ZERO DISCHARGE – FLOW CHART

C & Co NATURAL DISTILLATE RECEIVER AROMA FINAL TREATED EFFLUENT DISTILLATE PRODUCT TO GREENBELT DEVELOPMENT MEE EFFLUENT PLANT COLLECTION TANK DISTILLATE S S COLLECTION ENCEE NATURAL TANK AROMA PRODUCT 1 SBT EFFLUENT COLLECTION NEUTRALISED LIME DOSING TANK EFFLUENT SOLAR TANK EVOPORATION STORAGE TANKS PONDS REACTION (SINTEX) 5 Nos 2 TANK-I SETTLING TANK - I

NEUTRALISED I-INTERMEDIATE EFFLUENT STANDBY COLLECTION TANK TANK 3 N TANK ALKALINE -I

MVC STAND BY AERATION TANK N-NEUTRALIZATION TANK SETTLING TANK - 4 II SOLAR DISCHARGE EVAPORATION TANK POND

SPENT ACID TANK 5 FILTRATE TO EQUALIZATION TANK MECHANICAL FILTER PRESS EQUALIZATION TANKS

FINAL TREATED EFFLUENT TO COOLING TOWER WJ EJECTOR

FIGURE – 10.3 EFFLUENT TREATMENT SCHEME

10.3.3 Rain Water Harvesting System

Rainwater harvesting provides an independent water supply during regional water restrictions and in developed countries is often used to supplement the main supply. It provides water when there is a drought, can help mitigate flooding of low-lying areas, and reduces demand on wells which may enable groundwater levels to be sustained. It also helps in the availability of potable water as rainwater is substantially free of salinity and other salts. Application of rainwater harvesting in urban water system provides a substantial benefit for both water supply and wastewater subsystems by reducing the need for clean water in water distribution system, less generated storm water in sewer system, as well as a reduction in storm water runoff polluting freshwater bodies.

VIMTA Labs Limited, Hyderabad/Coimbatore C10- 9 Environmental Impact Assessment for the proposed expansion of Synthetic/Natural Organic Aromatic Plant at Chikadasampalayam Village, Mettupalayam Taluk, Coimbatore District, Tamil Nadu Chapter - 10 Environment Management Plan

TABLE-10.3 AREA STATEMENT OF PROPOSED PROJECT SITE

S.No Type of Area Area in Sq.m 1. Roof top area of building/sheds 5030.0 2. Road/Paved areas 1860.0 3. Open Land/vacant area 17410.0 4. Green belt area 13500.0 Total 37800.0

10.3.4 Designing of Rainwater Harvesting System

In designing any rainwater harvesting structure, capturing rainfall and runoff for local use is the key concept. Hard surface such as roof pavements and roads that decrease groundwater percolation constitute catchments and generate the high runoff which has to be diverted in to the storage tank & recharged in to ground water regime through simple filtration & injection well system for subsequent extraction by service wells. To improve water availability, rainwater harvesting is the most imminent & long-term solution. In view of above, rainwater-harvesting structures at this point can serve the purpose of arresting roof top rainwater and runoff generated through roads in the area. The design is based on average annual rainfall, peak rainfall intensity and the intake capacity of the water by the aquifers. In order to determine intake capacity of water by unsaturated zone & aquifers zone, the recharge tests were carried out in the investigated area.

For good design of rainwater harvesting, following points are to be kept under consideration:

a) Ideal location with good ground slope; b) The location has adequate subsurface permeability of the aquifer to accommodate maximum recharge of rainwater through injection well; c) Rate of filtration should exceed average rainfall intensity; d) Clogging of filtration media should be cleaned periodically; and e) Ground water pollution does not take place.

10.3.4.1 Rain Water Management

Storm water drainage system consists of well-designed network of open surface drains routed to rainwater harvesting tanks and pits so that all the storm water is efficiently drained off without any water logging in the existing site. Rooftop rain water will be collected separately and used for other than drinking purpose as it generally does not contain silt.

Runoff volume that can be generated to the average rainfall 540 mm considering the last 10-year rainfall (IMD Coimbatore) in the proposed expansion site is given in Table 10.5 From the table it is seen that the total runoff that can be generated from the plant premises is 5527.98 KL which is equivalent to the water requirement of 217 days of the plant process @ 25.44 KLD. Considering the constant coefficient (First flush & evaporation loss) the total harvestable water collected from the entire plant premise will

VIMTA Labs Limited, Hyderabad/Coimbatore C10- 10 Environmental Impact Assessment for the proposed expansion of Synthetic/Natural Organic Aromatic Plant at Chikadasampalayam Village, Mettupalayam Taluk, Coimbatore District, Tamil Nadu Chapter - 10 Environment Management Plan

be about 4422.38 KL in a year which is equivalent to 173 days water requirement of the plant process. Out of total rain water harvested from the entire plant area, 1901.34 KL is from rooftop areas of the buildings and 3626.6 KL from runoff (road, green Belt & open area etc.)

The maximum collection of rainwater from peak hourly rain fall of 15 mm is 122.84 KL. To harvest the rainwater from rooftop and runoff, storage tanks will be constructed with the capacity of 64.5 m3 and 122.0 m3 to accommodate to the tune of 42.25 KL & 80.59 KL of harvestable water in a suitable and feasible location of the plant.

The rainwater collected from all the open areas of the plant through pipes/channels will be passed through a silt settling chamber of 2 m x 2m x 3m (12 KL capacity sump) followed by widely space rainwater harvesting tank constructed in a suitable location. The rain water collected in the premises will be diverted into the water collection tank for recycling and re use of the plant process. The silt settling chamber will act as a clarifier to collect the silt and other matter and clear water will overflow to the rain water harvesting tank. The rain water once filled in the tanks will serve water requirement of the plant for eight days (full volume of the tank). The collected rain water can also be used directly in process with very little treatment where very high purity of water is not required and non-process areas. In fact, fresh rain water has low total dissolved salts (TDS) and is suitable for many other uses, other than drinking directly. The runoff volume available for use is presented in Table 10.6. The excess flow from the rain water harvesting tank will be led into the rain water harvesting pit constructed all along the plant site to recharge the ground water. All the rain water harvesting structures will be cleaned frequently before on set of monsoons.

10.3.4.2 Existing Rain Water Harvesting Pits:

EAPL has been practicing rain harvesting system in the existing activity. There are 6 harvesting pits in the plant site to recharge the ground from roof top water. In the proposed activity the existing rain harvesting pits will be used to divert excess rain water from roof top. The details of the harvesting pits are shown in below Table 10.4

TABLE-10.4 EXISTING RAIN WATER HARVESTING PITS Dimension in mm Area Volume S.No Pit No Location of Pit Length Width Depth m2 m3 1. 1 Near Raw material 2.10 1.82 3.50 3.82 13.38 storage area 2. 2 In front of IBQ plant 3.00 2.16 4.00 6.48 25.92 3. 3 In front of ETP near 1.73 1.72 3.00 2.98 8.93 MEE 4. 4 Near workshop (opp 3.40 2.20 4.50 7.48 33.66 to MEE) 5. 5 Near Old IBQ plant 1.70 1.20 2.50 2.04 5.10 6. 6 Near diesel tank 2.82 2.82 4.00 7.95 31.81 Total 30.75 118.80

VIMTA Labs Limited, Hyderabad/Coimbatore C10- 11 Environmental Impact Assessment for the proposed expansion of Synthetic/Natural Organic Aromatic Plant at Chikadasampalayam Village, Mettupalayam Taluk, Coimbatore District, Tamil Nadu Chapter - 10 Environment Management Plan

TABLE 10.5 RAINFALL DATA OF COIMBATORE DISTRICT- IMD

Year\ Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Month 2009 0 0 5 3.1 70.5 10.7 34.6 56 67.9 43.8 214.2 0.7 2010 0.1 0 0 32.9 42.9 25.2 7.5 61.6 25.7 136.2 234.7 34.2 2011 0.2 16 13 135.3 82 53.5 3.5 7.5 23.9 343.4 247.3 4.6 2012 0.1 0 0.1 38 10 5.5 2.8 6.2 0.9 162.7 5.2 3.1 2013 0 97.5 2 12.4 47.5 13 10 17.7 24.9 81.7 50.9 20.4 2014 0 0 1 0 44.2 8 24.4 21.9 86.3 234.6 4.4 10.8 2015 0 0.3 18.1 64.7 149.3 13.7 4.3 38.7 94 70.2 143.3 24.4 2016 0 0 0 41 56.2 9.8 3.2 0.3 1.4 86 4 51.1 18. 2017 0 20.7 7.3 81.2 6.5 4.4 74.3 326.7 60.6 46.6 10.9 9 2018 2.4 0 14.3 44 166.7 17.9 41.4 31.4 158.4 141.3 39.7 9 2019 0 1 0 61 66.1 21.9 3 141.9 51.9 144.8 130.3 31.4 Average 1.9 10.4 6.7 39.9 74.2 16.88 12.6 41.5 78.3 136.8 101.8 18.2 Annual Rainfall: 539.80 mm/year, say 540 mm/year= 0.540 m

FIGURE-10.4 GRAPH SHOWING THE RAINFALL OF TEN YEARS (2009-2019)

VIMTA Labs Limited, Hyderabad/Coimbatore C10- 12 Environmental Impact Assessment for the proposed expansion of Synthetic/Natural Organic Aromatic Plant at Chikadasampalayam Village, Mettupalayam Taluk, Coimbatore District, Tamil Nadu Chapter - 10 Environment Management Plan

FIGURE- 10.5 RAINFALL DATA OF MAJOR CITIES-IMD & RUNOFF EFFICIENT OF VARIOUS SURFACES

VIMTA Labs Limited, Hyderabad/Coimbatore C10- 13 Environmental Impact Assessment for the proposed expansion of Synthetic/Natural Organic Aromatic Plant at Chikadasampalayam Village, Mettupalayam Taluk, Coimbatore District, Tamil Nadu Chapter - 10 Environment Management Plan

TABLE 10.6 RAIN WATER HARVESTING

Run off Average Peak hourly Area in Quantum of Peak Quantum Area Type coefficient Annual rainfall intensity Sq. m runoff available of runoff (KL) (m) Rainfall (m) Roof top area 5030 0.7 0.54 1901.34 0.015 52.82 Road/Paved area 1860 0.65 0.54 652.86 0.015 18.14 Open Land 17410 0.2 0.54 1880.28 0.015 52.23 Greenbelt area 13500 0.15 0.54 1093.50 0.015 30.38 Total 37800 -- -- 5527.98 -- 153.56 Constant Coefficient ------0.8 -- 0.8 Total Roof top water Harvested 52.82*0.8

42.25 Total Strom water Harvested 100.74*0.8

80.59 Total Harvestable water after first flush and evaporation ------4422.38 -- 122.84 loss Note: The above calculation was carried out based on Rainwater Harvesting & Conservation Manual, CPWD

Design of Tank: The collection tank has been designed considering peak hourly rainfall intensity, two separate tanks will be constructed to store the Roof top water and the runoff water. The design of collection tanks is shown in below Table 10.7

VIMTA Labs Limited, Hyderabad/Coimbatore 14 Environmental Impact Assessment for the proposed expansion of Synthetic/Natural Organic Aromatic Plant at Chikadasampalayam Village, Mettupalayam Taluk, Coimbatore District, Tamil Nadu Chapter-10 Environmental Management Plan

TABLE 10.7 DESIGN OF COLLECTION TANKS

Storage Details Storage Details S. No Description (Roof top water) (Strom water) 1 Harvested Water Collected 42.25 KL 80.59 KL 2 Maximum Storage Capacity of 1.5 times X 1.5 times X Harvested tanks Harvested water water 3 Dimension of the tanks 4.5m x4.5 m x 3.2 m 5.2 m x 5.2 m x 4.5 m 4 Design capacity of tanks in KL 64.5 122.0

 The design capacity of rain water storage tanks is 186.5 KL (64.5 + 122.0)  Rain water usage equivalent to No. of days @ 25.44 KLD (100% capacity of tank) is 186.5/25.44 =7.3, Say 8 days

Conclusion:

 186.5 KLD of water will be harvested from the peak intensity rainfall of 15 mm;

 The Rain water collected from roof top and storm water runoff would be stored up to 186.5 KLD in the proposed storage tanks. This would meet up the fresh water requirement of plant process for 8 days @ 25.44 KLD ;

 The storage tanks will be designed for maximum storage capacity of 1.5 times the harvested water. Therefore, the tank dimensions of 4.5 m x 4.5 m x 3.2 m and 5.2 m x 5.2 m x 4.5 m will be constructed to store the rain harvested water;

 No watering for greenbelt is required during the monsoon period;

 During the monsoon, the water requirement will be met from the harvested rain water (100 %) for plant activity and no fresh water will be consumed from the bhavani river. Therefore, the reduction of fresh water usage is 100%; and

 Further, during the dry season the fresh water will be consumed from the Bhavani river in case of non-availability of rain water from the storage tanks.

10.3.5 Noise Pollution Management

In the process, various machineries like blowers, distillation section, thermic fluid heaters, boilers, ETP and DG-sets will produce noise. The predicted noise levels after implementation of proposed project will be in the range of 85 dB (A) to 90 dB (A) near the plant boundary in all the directions. The ambient noise levels in the region at most of the places are within the permissible limits. However, the greenbelt provided will further reduce the noise levels.

The specifications for procuring major noise generating machines/equipment should include built in design requirements to have minimum noise levels meeting Occupational Safety & Health Association (OSHA) requirement. Appropriate noise barriers/shields, silencers etc. should be provided in the equipment, wherever feasible. As far as possible, noise emanating from noisy equipment should be

VIMTA Labs Limited, Hyderabad/Coimbatore C10-15 Environmental Impact Assessment for the proposed expansion of Synthetic/Natural Organic Aromatic Plant at Chikadasampalayam Village, Mettupalayam Taluk, Coimbatore District, Tamil Nadu Chapter-10 Environmental Management Plan

adequately attenuated by enclosure, insulation etc. The recommendations to mitigate higher noise levels are:

 All the design/installation precautions as specified by the manufacturers with respect to noise control will be strictly adhered to;  High noise generating sources will be insulated adequately by providing suitable enclosures, acoustic louvers, slots etc;  All the necessary noise protective equipment will be supplied to workmen operating near high noise generating sources;  The air compressor, DG sets, transformer etc. will be provided with acoustic enclosure;  Other than the regular maintenance of the various equipment, ear plugs/muffs will be recommended for the personnel working close to the noise generating units;  Construction of noise protection wall at the Storage area; and  Adequate greenbelt development is also being developed in the plant boundary of the aromatic plant.

10.3.6 Solid Waste Management

 The quantity of Floral/Spice Waste generation from the aromatic plant will be 79.13 TPM, which will be Used as a manure in agricultural land;

 Wax (0.107 TPM) from the aromatic plant will be collected and Sold to Local suppliers;

 The Firewood Ash (4.452TPM) generated from the from the aromatic plant will be Used in agricultural land;

 Distillation Residues From various process (15.68 TPM) and Chemical Sludge and residue from ETP (53.35 TPM) will be stored temporarily in HDPE bags, barrels and send to secured landfill facility

 The Waste Oil from maintenance (0.80 litres) will be Stored in HDPE/MS barrels and sent to TNPCB authorized recycle dealers;

10.3.7 Solvent Storage and Recovery Plan

Solvent Recovery System

In the production process viz., Soaking (Solvent Extraction), Dioxalene, Esterification, Lactonization, Saponification, Dissolution, Nitration, Hydrogenation, Cyclization, Distillation (Fine aromatic chemicals) various solvents are used and during the end process solvents will be recovered and such recovered solvents are collected in receiver connected to the reaction vessel at different boiling points depending on the solvent recovered which are further transferred to barrels by pumps and stored.

The recovered solvents are categorised in two different types – one is for reuse in the process and another is for sale: The recovered solvents, which are considered, for reuse are transferred from barrels to reaction vessels through material transfer pumps as captive consumption of materials in process. The balance recovered solvents, available after reuse as captive consumption, are sold to customers. VIMTA Labs Limited, Hyderabad/Coimbatore C10-16 Environmental Impact Assessment for the proposed expansion of Synthetic/Natural Organic Aromatic Plant at Chikadasampalayam Village, Mettupalayam Taluk, Coimbatore District, Tamil Nadu Chapter-10 Environmental Management Plan

The details of solvent recovery plan in each plant with end use is shown in the below Table 10.8. The sale deed for recovered solvents has been attached as Annexure- XXVI

TABLE- 10.8 SOLVENT RECOVERY PLAN

Sr. After Expansion Recoverable Solvents No Quantity End Use kg/month Ambrettolide 1. Solvent (MeOH, Toluene, TMOF) Sales 8560 2. Acetic Acid Sales 4192 3. Mono Ethylene Glycol Sales 1018 4. Methanol Reuse 835 5. Glycerin Sales 230 6. Acetic Acid with Carbon- di Oxide Sales 1707 7. Dewax Sales 413 IBQ 1 Spent Acid generated during Nitration process ETP 10045 2 SBNB Lites Sales 515 3 Methanol Reuse 2337 4 Spent palladium charcoal Reuse/Supplier 2.10 5 Fractional distillation Lites Sales 171 Enamber 1 Acetone Cleaning / Sales 925 2 Solvent recovered during excess MO Distillation Sales 5550 3 Lites from CDV Distillation unit Sales 875 4 Lites from Fractional Distillation Vessel Sales 150 5 Mesityl Oxide Reuse 800 6 Mesityl Oxide in Reaction Reuse 240 7 Mesityl Oxide recoverable during distillation and Reuse 560 taken for Re- distillation Vetiverol 1 Vetiveryl Resin Sales 108 Vetiveryl Acetate 1 Vetiveryl Resin For Sales 108 Enafran 1 Recovered Toluene Reuse 775 2 Recovered Methanol Reuse 375 3 Recovered Di Ethyl Aniline Reuse 3675 4 Recovered Hexane Reuse 3314 Ethyl Safranate 1 Recovered Cyclo Hexane Reuse 374 2 Recovered Toluene Reuse 417 3 Keto Ester Lites Sales 166 4 Iso Bhorone By-Product 260 5 Lites from Fractional Distillation Vessel Sales 27 Nootkatone 1 Recovered Acetic Acid Sales 163

VIMTA Labs Limited, Hyderabad/Coimbatore C10-17 Environmental Impact Assessment for the proposed expansion of Synthetic/Natural Organic Aromatic Plant at Chikadasampalayam Village, Mettupalayam Taluk, Coimbatore District, Tamil Nadu Chapter-10 Environmental Management Plan

Sr. Quantity Recoverable Solvents End Use No kg/month 2 Recovered Carbon Tetra Chloride Sales 265 3 Recovered Chloroform Reuse 140 4 Recovered Ethanol Reuse 140 Trans-Trans-2-4-Decadienal 1 Recovered Ethanol Reuse 1665 2 Recovered Ethyl Vinyl Ether Reuse 400 Trans-Trans-2-4-Decadienal 1 Ethanol Reuse 1100 2 Ethyl Vinyl Ether Reuse 120 Water Melon Ketone 1 2-Butanone Reuse 11835 2 Acetone Cleaning 788 3 Iso Propyl Ether Reuse 400 Concretes Rectification Of Hexane 1 Quantity of hexane taken/batch for Rectification Reuse 500 L 2 Quantity of light liquid paraffin used for Reuse 6 kg rectification of hexane 3 Quantity of good hexane received after Reuse 450 L rectification 4 Loss of Hexane due to rectification process Reuse 10 L 5 Rectification process Residue Reuse 26 L 6 Hexane lites generated during rectification Reuse 20 L Process Hexane For Concrete Process  Rectified hexane of 2880 L (3200 L of crude hexane) is being used for the production of 1 kg Concrete for purpose of soaking the flower / spice.  Loss of rectified hexane during the process is 27.36L (30.4L of Crude Hexane). To make up this loss fresh hexane is used and all other recovered hexane is reused for concrete manufacturing process. Absolutes Rectification Of Rectified Spirit 1 For 1 kg of Absolute, crude rectified spirit taken Reuse 40 L 2 Loss of rectified spirit during KMnO₄ treatment Reuse 0.8 L 3 Distillation loss Reuse 1.2 L 4 Residue (rejection due to Odour) Reuse 2.8 L 5 Rectified Spirit Lites Reuse 1.2 L 6 Good Rectified Spirit Reuse 34 L Rectified Spirit For Absolute Process 1 Rectified Spirit taken for the manufacture of Reuse 34 L 1 kg absolute 2 Loss of Rectified Spirit during washing (agitation)(5times) Reuse 5.1 L 3 Loss of Rectified Spirit during vacuum Filtration (5times) Reuse 14.960 L 4 Loss of Rectified Spirit during washing Reuse 2.04 L (agitation) (5 times) 5 Loss of Rectified Spirit due to absorption in wax Reuse 3.06 L

VIMTA Labs Limited, Hyderabad/Coimbatore C10-18 Environmental Impact Assessment for the proposed expansion of Synthetic/Natural Organic Aromatic Plant at Chikadasampalayam Village, Mettupalayam Taluk, Coimbatore District, Tamil Nadu Chapter-10 Environmental Management Plan

Sr. Quantity Recoverable Solvents End Use No kg/month 6 Rejected Rectified Spirit due to contamination and over moisture (10% and above) Reuse 8.840 L Essential Oils There is no recovery of any material other than the Essential Oil manufactured Jasmonyl 1 Di Chloro Methane Reuse 3925 Source: Encee Aromatics (P) Ltd, Mettupalayam

10.3.8 Ecology

List of the Rare or endemic or endangered or threatened (REET) and Schedule I species found in the study area is given in Table 3.33 of Chapter-3. Among them, only two plant species (Mysore Sandal and Red Sanders) are found in the core area. The two small Mysore Sandal Wood trees shall not be disturbed. The saplings of the Red Sanders acquired are going to be transplanted along the northern side boundary. The rest of the species are found outside the project site where the proponent has no jurisdiction or control. Since they are found in the buffer zone of the NBR, any conservation plan should be in accordance with the policy, protocol and the blueprint for sustainable development of the NBR. The very purpose of the NBR is in-situ conservation of the species and genetic biodiversity. Any conservation plan prepared by the project proponent as a part of the EMP serves no purpose at all. Hence, no species- specific conservation plan for the species in the buffer zone and the NBR is given.

10.3.9 Odour Management Plan

The organic and synthetics aroma manufacturing involves number of chemical storages, handling and reactions, which may generate odour. The other source could be treatment facilities such as ETP, floral plant and other process areas. Best Management Practices (BMP) will help in reducing the odour.

a) Chemical Storage

The proposed expansion will involve various chemicals like acids, di-acetone alcohols, Sec. butyl benzene, glycerine, Oleum, butanone etc., Effective management techniques such as provision of chiller system, underground storage, installation of breather valves etc. would be explored.

b) Reaction and Processing Area

In the proposed expansion, chemical handling and charging into reactors would be preferred by closed system as far as practicable. Proper ventilation system in reaction and processing areas will also be implemented to control the odour in work zone area.

c) Treatment Area

During the chemical / biological treatment of effluent streams, the chances of odour generation remains within the ETP area, this would be taken care by efficient operational controls. The treated gases would be emitted from a sufficient of stack for adequate dispersion.

VIMTA Labs Limited, Hyderabad/Coimbatore C10-19 Environmental Impact Assessment for the proposed expansion of Synthetic/Natural Organic Aromatic Plant at Chikadasampalayam Village, Mettupalayam Taluk, Coimbatore District, Tamil Nadu Chapter-10 Environmental Management Plan

10.4 Energy Conservation Measures

Energy conservation measures would be implemented to ensure that the use of non- renewable resources is minimized. A key component of achieving energy conservation would be the development of an Energy Management Action Plan. This plan would be included as part of the Construction and Operational EMPs.

The Energy Management Action Plan would be consistent with the energy conservation measures during both construction and operation phase.

10.4.1 Energy Conservation during Construction Phase

The following mitigation measures would be undertaken during construction works.

 Efficient work scheduling and methods that minimize equipment idle time and double handling of material;  Throttling down and switching off construction equipment when not in use;  Switching off truck engines while they are waiting to access the site and while they are waiting to be loaded and unloaded;  Switching off site office equipment and lights and using optimum lighting intensity for security and safety purposes;  Regular maintenance of equipment to ensure optimum operations and fuel efficiency.

10.4.2 Energy Conservation during Operation Phase

The following mitigation measures would be implemented during site operations

. Design of buildings and terminal layout would aim to achieve the following energy efficiencies: . Employing renewable energy sources such as day lighting and passive solar heating and LED lighting; . Designing roads on the site to reduce transportation distances.

10.4.3 Energy Efficient Equipment

Large energy savings could be achieved in using energy efficient equipment. The following actions are examples of how energy savings could be achieved by the terminal operator(s):

 Using energy efficient electrical appliances;  Installing lighting control devices where appropriate and linking to photoelectric dimming; and  Providing sufficient energy metering and switching for energy management;

Energy would also be conserved through efficiency in work schedules and practices such as:

 Switching off truck engines while they are waiting to access the site and while these are waiting to be loaded and unloaded;  Throttling down and switching off idle equipment;

VIMTA Labs Limited, Hyderabad/Coimbatore C10-20 Environmental Impact Assessment for the proposed expansion of Synthetic/Natural Organic Aromatic Plant at Chikadasampalayam Village, Mettupalayam Taluk, Coimbatore District, Tamil Nadu Chapter-10 Environmental Management Plan

 Regular maintenance of all powered equipment to ensure appropriate fuel consumption rates; and  Communication and education of energy conservation measures to employees.

10.5 Greenbelt Development Plan

10.5.1 Objective

10.5.2 Design of Green Belt

A 10 m wide greenbelt, consisting of at least 3 tiers around the plant boundary shall be developed as greenbelt and green cover as per Central Pollution Control Board, TNPCB/ Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change (MoEF & CC), New Delhi guidelines, as per the Terms of Reference and 33% green cover.

The plant density of 1500 trees per hectare with local native species will be implemented. The expenditure on development and maintenance of greenbelt is of revenue nature and sufficient fund shall be provided to meet the requirement.

The following shall be designed and implemented as per the latest CPCB guidelines. The broad aspects to be covered are given below:

 Shrubs and trees will be planted in encircling rows around the project site, mostly in north east direction;  The short trees (<10-m height) will be planted in the first rows (towards plant side) of the green belt. The tall trees (>10 m height) will be planted in the outer rows (away from plant side);  Planting of trees in each row will be in staggered orientation (triangular form);

VIMTA Labs Limited, Hyderabad/Coimbatore C10-21 Environmental Impact Assessment for the proposed expansion of Synthetic/Natural Organic Aromatic Plant at Chikadasampalayam Village, Mettupalayam Taluk, Coimbatore District, Tamil Nadu Chapter-10 Environmental Management Plan

 The spacing between the trees will be maintained slightly less than the normal spaces, so that the trees may grow vertically and slightly increase the effective height of the green belt.  The Future greenbelt development would be integrated with the existing plantation. The existing greenbelt area of 0.950 ha (25.13%) along with an additional development of 0.4 ha will form a total green belt area of 1.350 ha (35.71%). The greenbelt development split-up details are shown in Table - 10.9. TABLE - 10.9 DETAILS OF GREENBELT AREA SPLIT-UP

% of land area allocated for Sr. No. Details Region Sq.m ha greenbelt development South west/ 1 Greenbelt Area -1 7300 0.73 54.07 West-Southwest 2 Greenbelt Area -2 North/North east 2500 0.25 18.50 3 Greenbelt Area -3 East 3000 0.3 22.20 4 Greenbelt Area -4 South 700 0.07 5.23 Total 13500 1.350 100% Source: Encee Aromatics (P) Ltd, Mettupalayam

10.5.3 Plant Species for Greenbelt

While selecting the plant species for the proposed green belt, the following points will be taken into consideration:

 Should be a fast-growing type;  Should have a thick canopy cover;  Should be perennially green;  Should be preferably of native origin; and  Should have a large leaf area index.  Trees which are suited in the Cauvery delta are ideally planted in the greenbelt.

10.5.4 Recommended species in the Greenbelt Area

The recommended species for the greenbelt development are given in Table – 10.10.

TABLE - 10.10 LIST OF SPECIES SHOWING HIGH AIR POLLUTION TOLERANCE INDEX (APTI)

Sr. Scientific Common Name Family Air Pollution Tolerance No Name Index levels 1 Azadirachta Neem/Vembu Meliaceae For controlling Suspended indica Particulate Matter (SPM), S02, NOx and Noise 2 Alstonia Elilaippalai/ Apocynaceae For controlling Suspended scholaris Devils Tree Particulate Matter (SPM), S02, NOx and Noise

VIMTA Labs Limited, Hyderabad/Coimbatore C10-22 Environmental Impact Assessment for the proposed expansion of Synthetic/Natural Organic Aromatic Plant at Chikadasampalayam Village, Mettupalayam Taluk, Coimbatore District, Tamil Nadu Chapter-10 Environmental Management Plan

Sr. Scientific Common Name Family Air Pollution Tolerance No Name Index levels 3 Bauhinia Segappumandrai/ Caesalpinaceae For controlling Suspended variegata Pink Orchid Tree Particulate Matter (SPM), S02, NOx and Noise 4 Dalbergia Sisoo, Shisham Fabaceae For controlling Suspended sissoo Particulate Matter (SPM), S02, NOx and Noise 5 Thespesia Purvasu/Portia Malvaceae For controlling Suspended populnea Tree Particulate Matter (SPM), S02, NOx and Noise 6 Pterosperm Vennangu/ Kanak Sterculiaceae For controlling Suspended um Champa Particulate Matter (SPM), S02, acerifolium NOx and Noise 7 Haldina – Kadambai Rubiaceae For controlling Suspended Adina – /Kadamba/ Haldu Particulate Matter (SPM), S02, cordifolia NOx and Noise 8 Pongamia Karanj/Pungai/In Fabaceae For controlling Suspended pinnata dian Beech Tree Particulate Matter (SPM), S02, NOx and Noise 9 Dalbergia Kala- Fabaceae For controlling Suspended latifolia shisham/Rose Particulate Matter (SPM), S02, Wood NOx and Noise 10 Tectona Teak Verbenaceae For controlling Suspended grandis Particulate Matter (SPM), S02, NOx and Noise

Their planting should be interspersed with each other to create mixed canopy of the plants and the ideal stance for planting all trees is 3 X 3 m.

10.6 Institutional Arrangements for Environment Protection

Environmental Policy

The Management of EAPL has developed the environmental policy, which is relevant to its proposed expansion activities and their environmental effects. The Board delegates responsibility for oversight of environmental policy and performance to the Director, Management and employees for local implementation of this policy. This policy and its implementation will be reviewed on a regular basis by the Board to ensure that it remains appropriate and relevant to the organization. The Group is committed to providing the necessary support in order to ensure that all sites can fulfill the requirements outlined in this policy.

This policy will be communicated to everyone working for or on behalf of the Group. The noncompliance will be communicated and will be brought to the notice of all the board of directors during the board meeting. The environment policy of the company is presented in Figure- 10.6

VIMTA Labs Limited, Hyderabad/Coimbatore C10-23 Environmental Impact Assessment for the proposed expansion of Synthetic/Natural Organic Aromatic Plant at Chikadasampalayam Village, Mettupalayam Taluk, Coimbatore District, Tamil Nadu

Chapter-10 Environmental Management Plan

FIGURE - 10.6 ENVIRONMENTAL POLICY OF EAPL

VIMTA Labs Limited, Hyderabad/Coimbatore C10-24 Environmental Impact Assessment for the proposed expansion of Synthetic/Natural Organic Aromatic Plant at Chikadasampalayam Village, Mettupalayam Taluk, Coimbatore District, Tamil Nadu Chapter-10 Environmental Management Plan

Environment Management Cell

The aromatic plant will be supervised and controlled by the Board of Directors supported by department managers and the adequate team of technically and statutorily qualified personnel apart from the operating staff of skilled, semi-skilled, unskilled and other categories. As conscious of this, EAPL will create an Environment Management Cell consisting of officers from various disciplines to co-ordinate the activities concerned with the management and implementation of the environmental control measures.

Environment Management Cell will be headed by a Board of Directors and will constitute General Manager, Assistant general manager for finance, accounts and Technical divisions, Environmental Engineer, safety officer, Chemists, Administrative staff and officer. The organizational structure of Environment Management Cell is presented in Figure - 10.7.

EHS Manager will be coordinating the environmental activities and reporting to the plant head. The Manager will be headed by the GM. The responsibility of Manager is to conduct the post project monitoring, regular performance evaluation of pollution control equipment and developing and maintaining the greenbelt within the plant premises and in general ensure regulatory compliances as well as planning for further improvement. The Manager will be supported by safety officer, environmental engineer and finance & administration officer.

Chemists are headed by plant manager. Chemists are assigned the analysis work in the laboratory. The work of statistical analysis of the results is assigned to Associate Managers. Chemists are responsible for the collection of samples, conduct field studies for ambient air quality monitoring and conduct stack monitoring.

The Environment Management Cell will also co-ordinate all the related activities such as collection of statistics of health of workers and population of the region, afforestation and green belt development.

VIMTA Labs Limited, Hyderabad/Coimbatore C10-25 Environmental Impact Assessment for the proposed expansion of Synthetic/Natural Organic Aromatic Plant at Chikadasampalayam Village, Mettupalayam Taluk, Coimbatore District, Tamil Nadu

Chapter-10 Environmental Management Plan

FIGURE - 10.7 ORGANIZATIONAL STRUCTURE

VIMTA Labs Limited, Hyderabad/Coimbatore C10-26 Environmental Impact Assessment for the proposed expansion of Synthetic/Natural Organic Aromatic Plant at Chikadasampalayam Village, Mettupalayam Taluk, Coimbatore District, Tamil Nadu Chapter-10 Environmental Management Plan

10.7 Cost Provision for Environmental Measures

TABLE - 10.11 COST PROVISION FOR ENVIRONMENTAL MEASURES

Sr. Capital Cost Recurring Cost Description of Item No. (Rs. in Lakhs) (Rs. in Lakhs) 1 Air Pollution Control Systems 25.0 5.0 2 Water Pollution Control System 95.0 30.0 3 Environmental Monitoring 10.0 7.0 Greenbelt Development, 4 30.0 5.0 Rainwater Harvesting Total 160.0 47.0 Source: Encee Aromatics (P) Ltd, Mettupalayam

10.8 Action Plan for Environmental Measures

The Environmental measures suggested above will be implemented so as to reduce the impact on environment during the operations of the proposed project. In order to facilitate easy implementation, mitigation measures are phased as per the priority of implementation. The action plan for the Environmental measures is given in Table - 10.12.

TABLE - 10.12 ACTION PLAN FOR ENVIRONMENTAL MEASURES

Sr.No. Recommendations Time Requirement Air Pollution Control 1. Before commissioning of respective units Measures Water Pollution Control 2. Before commissioning of the plant Measures 3. Noise Control Measures Along with the commissioning of the plant 4. Green Belt Development Stage-wise implementation Source: Encee Aromatics (P) Ltd, Mettupalayam

VIMTA Labs Limited, Hyderabad/Coimbatore C10-27

CHAPTER-11

SUMMARY AND CONCLUSION

11.1 SUMMARY & CONCLUSION

M/s. Encee Aromatics (P) Limited (hereinafter referred to as EAPL) has proposed expansion of synthetic / natural organic aromatic plant at Vellipalayam Road, Chikadasampalayam Village, Mettupalayam taluk, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu. The proposed expansion envisages deletion of some of the existing products and addition of new products, which will be manufactured within the existing manufacturing facilities. The environmental clearance for the existing plant has been obtained from MoEF&CC vide F.No.J-11011/142/2008-IA-II (I) dated 16.09.2009.

Presently, EAPL has proposed to expand the capacity of existing aromatic unit from 13 products to 15 aroma products. It also proposed to manufacture new products with existing products. All the products will be manufactured on a batch basis per day. The total estimated cost for the proposed expansion is about Rs. 8.0 Crores

Project Scoping Category

As per the Environment Impact Assessment (EIA) Notification 14th September 2006 and its amendments, the expansion project has been proposed outside the Notified industrial hence the project falls in “Category-A” and categorized in schedule No: 5(f)-Synthetic organic chemicals industry.

The TOR application for prior environmental clearance for the proposed expansion of synthetic/natural organic aromatic plant was submitted to the MoEF&CC and received standard TOR vide letter no. J-1101/142/2008-IA-II(I) dated: 11.06.2019. The EIA report has been prepared in line with the TOR conditions specified by MoEF&CC, New Delhi.

Based on the proceedings of the public hearing, the draft EIA has been updated and finalized report is submitted for consideration for Environmental Clearance approval to MOEF&CC, New Delhi

The environmental clearance for the existing plant has been obtained vide F.No.J- 11011/142/2008-IA-II (I) dated 16.09.2009.

11.2 Location of the Project

The existing plant of EAPL is located at the survey no. 545,546, Vellipalayam road, Mettupalayam taluk, Coimbatore district, Tami Nadu. The existing plant is 0.6-km away from palapatti in North-Northwest direction. The nearest highway to the plant is SH-15 which connects Erode–Udhagamandalam at 1.20 km in south direction. The nearest railway station to the plant site is Mettupalayam railway station which is located at a distance of 4.0 km in SW direction. The nearest airport is Coimbatore International airport at a distance of 33.1 km in South direction.

VIMTA Labs Limited, Hyderabad/Coimbatore C11-1 Environmental Impact Assessment for the proposed expansion of Synthetic/Natural Organic Aromatic Plant at Chikadasampalayam Village, Mettupalayam Taluk, Coimbatore District, Tamil Nadu Chapter - 11 Summary and Conclusion

The existing industry comprises a land area of 3.78 ha (9.34 acres). The proposed expansion activities will be carried out within the existing industrial premises itself. Therefore, no additional land will be acquired for the expansion activity. The study area map of 10 km radius is shown in Figure - 11.1. The details of environmental setting are given in Table - 11.1.

TABLE - 11.1 ENVIRONMENTAL SETTING OF THE PLANT SITE (10 KM RADIUS)

Sr. No. Particulars Details

2 Elevation above MSL 295-308 m 3 Land use at the project site Industrial landuse 4 Nearest Habitation Palapatti-0.6 km, NNW Nearest Highway State Highway 15 – (1.20 km, S) 5 National Highway 181 – (3.7 km, WSW) 6 Nearest Railway station Mettupalayam – (4.0 km, SW) 7 Nearest Air Port Coimbatore Airport – (33.1 km, S) 8 Nearest Harbour Cochin, Kerala- (168.7 km, SSW) 9 Nearest Town Mettupalayam-(3.7 km, SW) 1. Odandurai R.F. – (1.4 km, NW) 2. Jakkanare slopes R.F.– (3.3 km, NW) Reserve Forest within 10-km 10 3. Nellimalai R.F. – (6.2 km, SW) radius 4. Hulical drug R.F.- (9.5 km, WSW) 5. Kallar R.F. – (10.5 km, WNW) 11 Nearest water bodies 1. Bhavani River – (Adjacent, N) 2. Belladhi Lake – (7.3 Km, S) 12 Hills/ Valleys 1. Periyakandi Mokkai (4.5 km, N) 2. VellariKombai (7.3 km, NW) 3. KanambiKombail Mokkai (7.8 km, NE) 4. Ubbe Kombai (9.8 km, NW) 13 Ecologically sensitive zones like Nilgiri Biosphere reserve (Buffer Zone) - (2.1 km, N) Wild Life Sanctuaries, National Parks and biospheres 14 Defence Installation / None within 10-km radius Archaeological / Ports 15 Historical places Nilgiri Mountain Railway line (UNESCO certified) 16 Socio-economic factors No resettlement and rehabilitation involved 17 Nearest Hospitals 1.Government Hospital - Mettupalayam, (3.4 km, SW) 2.Government Hospital- Sirumugai, (4.2 km, E) 18 Religious places 1. Chennamalai murugan temple- (0.7 km, SW) 2. Sri Veerabadhraswamy temple- (2.6 km, ESE) 3. Madheswara temple-( 4.74, S) 19 Seismic zone Zone-III as per IS-1893 (Part-1):2002 (moderately

VIMTA Labs Limited, Hyderabad/Coimbatore C11-2 Environmental Impact Assessment for the proposed expansion of Synthetic/Natural Organic Aromatic Plant at Chikadasampalayam Village, Mettupalayam Taluk, Coimbatore District, Tamil Nadu Chapter - 11 Summary and Conclusion

Sr. No. Particulars Details intensity zone) 20 Nearby Industries 1. Indo Swiss Synthetic Gem Manufacturing. Co. Ltd.- (0.15 km, NE) 2. Bisleri International Private Ltd- (0.8 km, NE) 21 Fire and rescue service Tamil Nadu Fire and Rescue service, Mettupalayam – (3.5 km- SSW)

FIGURE - 11.1 STUDY AREA MAP

VIMTA Labs Limited, Hyderabad/Coimbatore C11-3 Environmental Impact Assessment for the proposed expansion of Synthetic/Natural Organic Aromatic Plant at Chikadasampalayam Village, Mettupalayam Taluk, Coimbatore District, Tamil Nadu Chapter - 11 Summary and Conclusion

11.3 Project Details

11.3.1 Manufacturing Details

The details of manufacturing capacity in the existing and after expansion are listed in Table - 11.2.

TABLE - 11.2 DETAILS OF MANUFACTURING CAPACITY

Production Capacity TPM Sl. Product After End Use Odour No. Existing Expansion Perfumery, Musky, Ambrette 1. Ambrettolide 2.000 5.000 Flavour seed, Fruity, Floral Iso Butyl Intense, Earthy, 2. 1.500 3.000 Perfumery Quinoline Rooty Floral Perfumery, 3. 0.200 --- Floral Concretes Cosmetics Floral Perfumery, 4. 0.100 --- Floral Absolutes Cosmetics Perfumery, 5. Enamber 0.750 3.000 Woody Cosmetics Perfumery, food Balsamic, Rooty, 6. Vetiverol 0.200 0.200 beverages Woody Vetiveryl Perfumery, food Balsamic, Rooty, 7. 0.200 0.200 Acetate beverages Woody 8. Undecavertol 0.400 --- Perfumery Floral 9. Enascone 0.150 --- Perfumery Floral Spice Perfumery, Dry woody, Warm 10. Extraction 0.100 --- Flavour Spicy Concrete Spice Perfumery, Dry woody, Warm 11. Extraction 0.050 --- Flavour Spicy Absolute Spice Oil Perfumery, Dry woody, Warm 12. (Black Pepper 0.200 --- Flavour, Spicy & Ginger) Medicine Citral lemon, 13. Enafran 0.125 0.125 Perfumery metallic Ethyl 14. --- 0.400 Perfumery Apple, Woody Safranate 15. Essential Oil --- 0.016 Perfumery Earthy, Woody Flavour, Grapefruit peel, 16. Nootkatone --- 0.066 Fragrance Citrus gardenia Trans-Trans-2- Fatty, 17. --- 0.16666 Perfumery 4- Decadienal Brothymosciano Trans- 2- Flavour, Waxy, Mandarin 18. --- 0.16666 Dodecenal Fragrance orange

VIMTA Labs Limited, Hyderabad/Coimbatore C11-4 Environmental Impact Assessment for the proposed expansion of Synthetic/Natural Organic Aromatic Plant at Chikadasampalayam Village, Mettupalayam Taluk, Coimbatore District, Tamil Nadu Chapter - 11 Summary and Conclusion

Production Capacity TPM Sl. Product After End Use Odour No. Existing Expansion Water Melon Flavour, Fresh, Fruity, 19. --- 2.500 Ketone Fragrance Green, Marine Perfumery, Floral, Dry woody, 20. Concretes --- 0.1675 Cosmetics, Warm Spicy Flavour Perfumery, Floral, Dry woody, 21. Absolutes --- 0.08375 Cosmetics, Warm Spicy Flavour Perfumery, Floral, Jasmine, 22. Jasmonyl --- 1.000 Cosmetics lactonic Note: * In proposed expansion undecavertol and enascone will not be produced. *Floral concretes and absolutes, spice extraction concretes and absolutes and spice Oil (black Pepper & ginger) will be categorized under a common name as Concretes and absolutes in the proposed expansion project.

11.3.2 Land Requirement

The land record showed that the total land available under the ownership of the EAPL is 3.78 ha (9.34 acres). The plant is located in the Chikadasampalayam village, Mettupalayam taluk, Coimbatore. Hence the land use of the existing plant site is classified as Industrial Land use Zone. The proposed expansion will be carried out within the existing premises itself. The details of land-use breakup of the existing plant and after the proposed expansion are given in Table - 11.3. TABLE - 11.3 DETAILS OF LANDUSE BREAK-UP

11.3.3 Raw Material Requirement

The details of requirement of raw materials, sources and their mode of transportation are given in Chapter-2 of Table-2.4.

VIMTA Labs Limited, Hyderabad/Coimbatore C11-5 Environmental Impact Assessment for the proposed expansion of Synthetic/Natural Organic Aromatic Plant at Chikadasampalayam Village, Mettupalayam Taluk, Coimbatore District, Tamil Nadu Chapter - 11 Summary and Conclusion

11.3.4 Power and Fuel Requirement

Presently, power consumption in the unit is met with a sanctioned demand of 500 KVA which is supplied from the state grid of Tamil Nadu Generation & Distribution Corporation Limited (TANGEDCO) and in the proposed expansion also the power consumption will be met within the same sanctioned demand of 500 KVA

During the grid failure the emergency power will be met from the diesel generator sets having capacity of 1 No. X 125 KVA and 2 Nos. X 250 KVA. Additionally, DG set of 1X60 KVA has been proposed in the expansion. The fuel required for DG operation will be 105 lit/hr of low sulphur high speed diesel (LSHSD). LPG Gas requirement will be 0.79 TPD and firewood/farm waste requirement is 2.95 TPD after the proposed expansion.

11.3.5 Water Requirement

The one-time water requirement for the proposed expansion is 39.65 KLD and the daily fresh water requirement will be 35.44 KLD which will be sourced from the adjacent bhavani river. During wet season the water requirement of 25.44 KLD will be met from the proposed rain harvesting system. No fresh water will be utilized during the monsoon season. The details of existing water requirement and after expansion are presented in Table - 11.4

TABLE - 11.4 DETAILS OF WATER REQUIREMENT

Requirement (KLD) S. After Expansion Remarks Category No Existing Dry Monsoon Season season 1 Process 3.0 4.31 4.31  The one-time water Cooling tower & requirement will be 39.65 2 Water jet ejector 7.0 - - (35.44+4.21) KLD. The makeup treated water will be reused 3 DM Plant 22.0 10.18 10.18 for cooling tower and water Back wash & 4.95 jet ejector makeup. 4 2.0 4.95 vessel cleaning Therefore the daily fresh Drinking & 6.0 water requirement will be 5 4.0 6.00 Domestic 35.44 KLD Green belt -  During rainy season 6 10.0 10.00 development watering for greenbelt would not be required. Therefore, fresh water Total 48.0 35.44 25.44 requirement will be 25.44 KLD only. Source: Encee Aromatics (P) Ltd, Mettupalayam

11.3.6 Manpower Requirement

The total manpower in the existing plant is about 108 employees; upon expansion, additionally 22 persons will be employed and sourced from the nearby villages.

VIMTA Labs Limited, Hyderabad/Coimbatore C11-6 Environmental Impact Assessment for the proposed expansion of Synthetic/Natural Organic Aromatic Plant at Chikadasampalayam Village, Mettupalayam Taluk, Coimbatore District, Tamil Nadu Chapter - 11 Summary and Conclusion

11.4 Baseline Environmental Status

The 10 km radial distance from the existing plant boundary has been considered as study area for Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) baseline studies. Environmental monitoring for various attributes like meteorology, ambient air quality, surface and ground water quality, soil characteristics, noise levels and flora & fauna have been conducted at specified locations and the secondary data collected from various government and semi-government organizations. Baseline environmental monitoring studies for the various environmental attributes were carried out during 1st May 2019 to 31st July 2019. The details of the baseline study are presented as follows:

11.4.1 Meteorology

Meteorological data at the site was monitored during 1st May 2019 to 31st July 2019. It was observed that during study period temperature ranged from 21.1°C to 39.4°C. During the same period of observations, the relative humidity recorded was ranged from 19% to 100%. Predominant wind directions are mostly from the South-southwest followed by South.

11.4.2 Ambient Air Quality

To establish the baseline status of the ambient air quality in the study area, the air quality was monitored at eight (8) locations. The summary of the ambient air quality monitoring results is given in Table - 11.5

TABLE - 11.5 SUMMARY OF AMBIENT AIR QUALITY IN THE STUDY AREA

Concentration 3 NAAQS Limits, Sr.No Parameters (µg/m ) 2009 (µg/m3) Minimum Maximum

1 Particulate matter PM2.5 15.4 34.9 60

2 Particulate matter PM10 45.0 73.0 100

3 Sulphur dioxide (SO2) 5.20 15.0 80 4 Oxides of Nitrogen (NOx) 6.80 25.0 80 5 Carbon monoxide, CO 206 317 2000

11.4.3 Water Quality

Eight (8) ground water samples and Five (5) surface water samples within the study area were considered for assessment. The water samples are compared with the standards of drinking water IS 10500:2012.

Ground water Quality

The results of the ground water samples are compared with the standards for drinking water as per IS: 10500:2012. The analysis results indicate that the pH ranges in between 6.83 to 7.85, which is well within the specified standard of 6.5 to 8.5. The maximum pH of 7.85 was observed at Sirumugai (GW4) and the minimum pH of 6.83 was observed at Mettupalayam (GW7). Total hardness was observed to be ranging from 19.9 to 375.9 mg/l. The maximum hardness was recorded at Vellipalayam (GW2) and the minimum hardness was recorded at

VIMTA Labs Limited, Hyderabad/Coimbatore C11-7 Environmental Impact Assessment for the proposed expansion of Synthetic/Natural Organic Aromatic Plant at Chikadasampalayam Village, Mettupalayam Taluk, Coimbatore District, Tamil Nadu Chapter - 11 Summary and Conclusion

Mettupalayam (GW7). The Total Dissolved Solids (TDS) concentrations were found to be ranging in between 53 to 1471 mg/l. The maximum TDS was recorded at Karamadai (GW8) and the minimum TDS was recorded at Mettupalayam (GW7).

Surface water Quality

The analysis results indicate that the pH ranges in between 7.21 to 8.03, which is well within the specified standard of 6.5 to 8.5. The maximum pH of 8.03 was observed at Belladhi Lake (SW5) and the minimum pH of 7.21 was observed at Bhavani River near Karattur (upstream) (SW3).

The maximum and minimum hardness was observed in the range of 208.9 mg/l at Belladhi Lake (SW5) and 22.2 mg/l at Bhavani River upstream (SW1) and downstream (SW2) near to plant site. The Total Dissolved Solids (TDS) concentrations were found to be ranging in between 56 to 872 mg/l. Chlorides were ranging in between 15.8 and 278.2 mg/l. Fluorides are ranging in 0.3 to 0.7 mg/l. Nitrates were found to be in the range of from 0.8 mg/l to 6.1 mg/l. The heavy metal content is below detectable limits.

11.4.4 Soil Characteristics

Six (6) soil samples were collected in and around the plant site to assess the present soil quality of the region. It has been observed that the texture of the soil is mostly “sandy clay soil” in the study area. The common colour of the soil is pale brown. The pH of the soil ranged from 6.5 to 7.1, indicating that the soil is slightly acidic in nature. The bulk density of soil ranges from 1.1 to 1.5 gm/cc.

11.4.5 Noise Levels

The noise monitoring has been conducted for determination of ambient noise levels at Eight (8) locations in the study area. The daytime (Lday) noise levels were found to be in the range of 37.9 dB (A) to 58 dB (A). The night time (Lnight) noise levels were observed to be in the range of 30.5 dB (A) to 53.8 dB (A). Hence, the noise levels were found to be well within the range specified by CPCB norms.

11.4.6 Ecological Environment

The impacts on aquatic ecology due to the proposed expansion activity would be negligible as the treated water will be properly reused and no waste water is discharged outside the plant premises. The proposed expansion does not create any significant impact on aquatic bodies.

11.4.7 Socio Environment

The study area (10-km radius) has a total population of 2,56,306 persons according to 2011 Census. The male and female constitute 50 % and 50 % of the total population respectively.

VIMTA Labs Limited, Hyderabad/Coimbatore C11-8 Environmental Impact Assessment for the proposed expansion of Synthetic/Natural Organic Aromatic Plant at Chikadasampalayam Village, Mettupalayam Taluk, Coimbatore District, Tamil Nadu Chapter - 11 Summary and Conclusion

As per census, the study area comprises 19% population belonging to Scheduled Castes (SC) and 2% belonging to Scheduled Tribes (ST).

The literacy rate is found to be 65.74%. As per census 2011 records, the main workers were found to be 32.77% of the total population. The marginal workers and non-workers constituted to 9.77% and 56.57% of the total population.

11.5 Anticipated Environmental Impacts and Mitigation Measures

Impacts during Operational Phase

11.5.1 Impact on Soil

The soil quality remains the same as the proposed expansion does not involve a change in land use pattern. The airborne fugitive dust from the plant is likely to be deposited on the topsoil in the immediate vicinity of the plant boundary. However, the fugitive emissions are likely to be controlled to a great extent through pollution control measures like water sprinkling and the greenbelt development.

11.5.2 Impact on Air Quality

Particulate Matter (PM), Sulphur dioxide (SO2) and Oxides of Nitrogen (NOx) will be the major pollutants from the proposed expansion. In order to control the emissions of particulates, the pollution control equipments are proposed. Adequate stack height has been provided to disperse gaseous emissions over a wider area. The maximum resultant ground level concentration of PM, SO2 and NOx are given in Table - 11.6

TABLE - 11.6 RESULTANT CONCENTRATIONS DUE TO INCREMENTAL GLCs

Concentration (µg/m3) NAAQS Limits Distance and Parameters (2009) Baseline Incremental Resultant Direction (µg/m3) PM 73.0 5.65 78.65 100 SO2 15.0 3.60 18.60 0.5 km, NNE 80 NOx 25.0 5.65 30.65 80

Gaseous Emission Control Measures:

The flue gas generated from the processes will be taken to the atmosphere through dedicated stacks. The impact of fugitive emissions from the proposed expansion on air quality of the region is insignificant. All the process emissions are complying the standard prescribed.

11.5.3 Impact on Water Quality & Management

The requirement water is mainly used at certain stages in the process like cooling tower, DM plant, backwash, vessel cleaning, greenbelt development and domestic needs. The effluent generated from the process of natural aroma product (Concretes, Absolutes and Essential Oils) 4.08 KLD will be treated in the proposed CAMUS SBT-Bioreactor of capacity 8.5 KLD

VIMTA Labs Limited, Hyderabad/Coimbatore C11-9 Environmental Impact Assessment for the proposed expansion of Synthetic/Natural Organic Aromatic Plant at Chikadasampalayam Village, Mettupalayam Taluk, Coimbatore District, Tamil Nadu Chapter - 11 Summary and Conclusion

where the concentrated water is treated through patented media and collected at the bottom of the bioreactor which will be circulated for the greenbelt development.

The effluent from the rest of the process (Synthetic) will be collected, neutralized by the appropriate chemicals and send to the Multiple Effect Evaporator for effluent evaporation and the treated water will be reused in cooling tower and water ejector makeup process. The condensate water from the boiler of quantity 8.18 KLD will be used for green belt development (1.35 ha). The concentrated effluent of 6.26 KLD from evaporator will be sent to the solar evaporation pond for further treatment process. The domestic wastewater of 4.80 KLD will be treated in the existing Septic tank and dispersion trench. Hence no wastewater will be discharged outside the plant premises and thus ZLD will be achieved.

11.5.4 Impact due to Solid Waste Generation

In order to avoid problems associated with solid waste disposal, an effective solid waste management system will be followed. Hence, the impact due to solid waste generation during the plant operation is not envisaged. The sources, quantity of the solid waste generated and waste management measures for existing and after the expansion are presented in Table - 11.7

TABLE - 11.7 DETAILS OF SOLID WASTE GENERATION AND MANAGEMENT

After Sr. Existing Solid Waste Expansion Method of Disposal No. (TPM) (TPM) Non-Hazardous Waste Used as a manure in 1. Floral/Spice Waste 73.8 79.13 agricultural land 2. Wax 0.085 0.107 Sold to Local suppliers 3. Firewood Ash 4.65 4.452 Used in agricultural land Hazardous Waste Distillation Residues Stored temporarily in HDPE 4. 4.8 15.68 from various process bags, barrels and send to secured landfill facility, Chemical Sludge and 5. 7.75 53.35 Gummidipoondi residue from ETP

Stored in HDPE/MS barrels Waste Oil from 6. 0.25 0.80 and sent to TNPCB maintenance (Litres) authorized recycle dealers Source: Encee Aromatics (P) Limited

11.5.5 Impact on Noise levels

The major noise generating sources are from the areas of boilers, thermopacs, cooling tower, transformer, ETP, DG sets, loading & unloading operations. The predicted noise level through mathematic modeling at the boundary due to various plant activities will be ranging in between 48-50 dB (A). It is seen from the modelling results that the incremental noise levels are within the CPCB standards.

VIMTA Labs Limited, Hyderabad/Coimbatore C11-10 Environmental Impact Assessment for the proposed expansion of Synthetic/Natural Organic Aromatic Plant at Chikadasampalayam Village, Mettupalayam Taluk, Coimbatore District, Tamil Nadu Chapter - 11 Summary and Conclusion

Noise Attenuation Measures

The following control measures will be implemented for the proposed expansion project:

 All the design/installation precautions as specified by the manufacturers with respect to noise control will be strictly adhered to;  High noise generating sources will be insulated adequately by providing suitable enclosures;  All the necessary noise protective equipment will be supplied to workmen operating near high noise generating sources.  The DG sets, transformer will be provided with acoustic enclosure;  Other than the regular maintenance of the various equipment, ear plugs/muffs will be recommended for the personnel working close to the noise generating units; and  Adequate greenbelt development will also be developed in the plant boundary of the proposed plant.

11.5.6 Impact on Ecology

On the basis of field studies, records of botanical survey of India and Forest department, Tamil Nadu state, the project area did not indicate the presence of any endangered and/or vulnerable species in core area expect two plant species (Red sander, Sandal wood). It may be noted that other than Elephant; others are either in the Vulnerable or near threaten categories of the IUCN. Peacock is in the least concern category though it is in Schedule I of the WPA. Oriental Darter is in the VU category of the IUCN but it is in Schedule I of the WPA. Except the two-plant species in the list, rest are outside the core area where the project proponent has no jurisdiction and right to manage anything.

The incremental concentrations of the air quality modelling show that the resultant levels of PM, SO2 and NOx are well within the permissible limits as per National Ambient Air Quality Standards, 2009. The impacts on aquatic ecology due to the proposed expansion activity would be negligible as the treated water will be properly reused and no waste water is discharged outside the plant premises. The proposed expansion does not create any significant impact on aquatic bodies.

11.5.7 Impact on Public Health

The discharge of waste materials (stack emission, wastewater and solid wastes) from process operations can have some adverse impact on public safety and health in the surrounding area, if appropriate treatment procedures are not followed. As the plant pollution control equipments will be designed as per the modern available technology for controlling the impacts, no adverse impacts on public health in the area are anticipated.

11.6 Environmental Management Plan

Environmental Management Plan during the Erection Phase

11.6.1 Soil Environment Management

Preparation of site will involve excavations and fillings. The earthen material generated during excavations and site grading periods, shall be properly dumped and slope stabilisation shall be

VIMTA Labs Limited, Hyderabad/Coimbatore C11-11 Environmental Impact Assessment for the proposed expansion of Synthetic/Natural Organic Aromatic Plant at Chikadasampalayam Village, Mettupalayam Taluk, Coimbatore District, Tamil Nadu Chapter - 11 Summary and Conclusion

taken. The topsoil generated during erections shall be preserved and reused for plantations.

The additional greenbelt area shall be delineated before start-up of earthwork and tree plantation shall be taken up during erection stage itself.

11.6.2 Air Quality Management

The activities like site development, grading and vehicular traffic contribute to increase in PM and NOx concentrations. The mitigation measures recommended to minimize the impacts are:

 Water Sprinkling in construction area;  Proper maintenance of vehicles and construction equipment; and  Tree plantation in the area earmarked for greenbelt development.

11.6.3 Water Quality Management

 The earthwork (cutting and filling) will be avoided during the rainy season and will be completed during the summer season.  Stone pitching on the slopes and construction of concrete drains for storm water to minimize soil erosion in the area will be undertaken.  Soil binding and fast-growing vegetation will be grown within the plant premises to arrest the soil erosion.

11.6.4 Noise Level Management

Operation of construction equipment and vehicular traffic contribute to the increased noise level. Recommended mitigation measures are:

 Enclosures for noise making units like pumps, compressors etc.,  Good maintenance of vehicles and construction equipment;  Plantation of trees around the plant boundary to attenuate the noise; and  Provision of earplugs and earmuffs to workers.

11.6.5 Ecological Management

Clearing of vegetation will not be required as the land is already under possession of the project proponent. Thus, there will not be any ecological impact due to the project expansion in its erection stage.

Environment Management Plan during the Operation Phase

During operation phase, the impacts on the various environmental attributes should be mitigated using appropriate pollution control equipment. The Environment Management Plan prepared for the proposed expansion project aims at minimizing the pollution at the source itself.

11.6.6 Air pollution Management

Fugitive and flue gas emission from plant will contribute to increase in concentrations of PM, SO2 and NOx. The mitigation measures recommended are as follows:

VIMTA Labs Limited, Hyderabad/Coimbatore C11-12 Environmental Impact Assessment for the proposed expansion of Synthetic/Natural Organic Aromatic Plant at Chikadasampalayam Village, Mettupalayam Taluk, Coimbatore District, Tamil Nadu Chapter - 11 Summary and Conclusion

 Raw material handling sections are major source for fugitive emissions;  Adopting good housekeeping practice will also help in control of fugitive emission. Maintaining shop floor and roads in good condition minimizes the chances of fugitive emission; and  The trucks and other vehicles shall be maintained and serviced regularly to reduce air emissions.

11.6.7 Water pollution management

The recommended measures to minimise the impacts are as follows;

 Recycling of wastewater will be used in plant process;  Adequate treatment of wastewater prior to recycling/reuse to maximum extent;  Utilization of treated domestic wastewater in greenbelt development and plant operation;  Lining of effluent dyke suitably to prevent any seepage into ground to avoid any groundwater contamination;  Provision of storm water system to collect and store run-off water during rainy season and utilization of the same in the process to reduce the fresh water requirement; and  Suitable rainwater harvesting structures to be constructed.

11.6.8 Noise pollution Management

The major noise generating sources are the cooling tower, boilers, thermopacs, ETP, DG sets, loading & unloading operation. Some recommendations are;

 Adequate protective measures in the form of ear muffs/ear plugs have been provided to the workers working in high noise areas;  In addition, reduction in noise levels in the high noise machinery areas could be achieved by adoption of suitable preventive measures such as suitable building layout in which the equipment is to be located; and  Adequate greenbelt development is also being developed in the plant boundary.

11.6.9 Solid Waste Management after Proposed Expansion

The quantities of the solid waste generation after the proposed expansion are listed below:

 The Floral/spice waste is generated during the extraction of floral concretes in flowers. The quantity of floral/spice waste (non-hazardous) generation will be 79.13 TPM after the proposed expansion. The generated floral/spice waste will be used as manure in agriculture field;

 The quantity of wax waste (non-hazardous) generation will be 0.107 TPM which would be sold to local suppliers;

 The firewood ash of 4.452 TPM solid waste (non-hazardous) will be generated from boiler after the proposed expansion and it used for agricultural land;

 The distillation residues of 15.68 TPM waste is generated from various process will be stored temporarily in HDPE bags, barrels and send to secured landfill facility, Gummidipoondi;

VIMTA Labs Limited, Hyderabad/Coimbatore C11-13 Environmental Impact Assessment for the proposed expansion of Synthetic/Natural Organic Aromatic Plant at Chikadasampalayam Village, Mettupalayam Taluk, Coimbatore District, Tamil Nadu Chapter - 11 Summary and Conclusion

 Chemical Sludge and residue from ETP of 53.35 TPM waste (hazardous) will be stored temporarily in HDPE bags, barrels and send to secured landfill facility, Gummidipoondi;

 0.80 TPM of waste oil (hazardous-waste) will be generated during the maintenance period and it will be stored in HDPE/MS barrels and sent to TNPCB authorized recycle dealers.

1.6.10 Ecological Management

Except two rare plant species (red sander, sandalwood) in the plant site no other endangered species is present. There are many REET are found outside the project site where the proponent has no jurisdiction or control. Since they are found in the buffer zone of the NBR. No REET species is going to be lost on account of the proposed product manufacturing by the industry.

The wastewater from the proposed activity will be treated in the existing treatment system hence no water will be discharged outside the plant premises. The emission will be kept below the CPCB standards. Additional greenbelt of 35.7 % (1.35 ha) will be developed in the plant premises. Hence, the anticipated environmental impacts on the flora and fauna of the study area are negligible and easily reversible. It is not going to create any kind of environmental stress to the local flora and fauna.

1.6.11 Odor Management

The odor emitting from the different process of plant activity will be treated in the appropriate control measures as given in Annexure XXIII.

11.7 Traffic Study

The project is located adjacent to the Vellipalayam - Sirumugai road. The engine driven vehicles were classified into various levels like two wheelers, auto rickshaw, car/utility, buses and trucks. The proposed expansion involves the transport of raw material and finished goods near to and from the plant site. The present level of traffic on the existing Vellipalayam - Sirumugai road found to be 117 PCUs/hr. The total traffic generated from the proposed expansion will be 120 PCUs/hr (117+3=120). The transportation in the proposed expansion not create any significant impacts to the environment.

TABLE-11.8 TRAFFIC SCENARIO

Road V C* V/C Ratio LOS

Existing

117 1500 0.078 A

Vellipalayam- Sirumugai road After Expansion

120 1500 0.08 A (117+3) V= Volume in PCUs/hr & C= Capacity in PCUs/ hr * Note: Capacity as per IRC Guidelines

VIMTA Labs Limited, Hyderabad/Coimbatore C11-14 Environmental Impact Assessment for the proposed expansion of Synthetic/Natural Organic Aromatic Plant at Chikadasampalayam Village, Mettupalayam Taluk, Coimbatore District, Tamil Nadu Chapter - 11 Summary and Conclusion

The existing level of service (LOS) of the Velliyampalayam to Sirumugai Roadway is ‘A’ which is excellent. After considering the transportation of trucks due to the proposed project expansion, meagre impact was envisaged. The level of service predicted to be ‘A’ (Excellent) even after the proposed expansion.

There will be a movement of trucks in the plant premise for the transportation of raw material and products but the proposed expansion involves only a small increase in truck numbers which may never cause a significant impact. The vehicular movements can discharge SO2, NOx and particulate emissions due to combustion engines. The emission from the vehicular movements can be controlled by good management practices of the vehicles.

 Vehicles used for transportation will be equipped with novel engine for reducing emissions.  Low sulphur-High Speed Diesel will be used for fuelling vehicles.  Periodical maintenance of vehicles with emission testing will be carried out.

11.8 Environmental Monitoring Program

The environmental monitoring program is important in terms of evaluating the performance of pollution control equipment installed in the plant. The sampling and analysis of the environmental attributes will be as per the guidelines of CPCB/TNPCB. The frequency of air, noise, surface water and ground water sampling and location of sampling will be as per the directives of Tamil Nadu Pollution Control Board.

11.8.1 Budgetary Allocation for Environmental Protection

The capital cost of the project is about Rs. 8.0 Crores. It is proposed to invest about Rs.1.6 Crores, i.e. 20 % of the capital cost on pollution control, treatment, green belt development, rainwater harvesting, environmental monitoring systems and others. The break-up of the investment is given in Table - 11.9

TABLE - 11.9 COST PROVISION FOR ENVIRONMENTAL MEASURES

Sr. Capital Cost Recurring Cost Description of Item No. (Rs. in Lakhs) (Rs. in Lakhs) 1 Air pollution control systems 25.0 5.0 2 Water pollution control system 95.0 30.0 3 Environmental Monitoring 10.0 7.0 Greenbelt development, 30.0 5.0 4 rainwater harvesting and others Total 160.0 47.0

11.8.2 Greenbelt Development

Greenbelt will be developed along with the existing greenbelt area. Greenbelt/landscaping are already being maintained at 25.13% which covers a land area of 0.950 ha for the existing plant. The greenbelt area of the proposed plant will be of 1.35 ha which 35.7 % of total area.

VIMTA Labs Limited, Hyderabad/Coimbatore C11-15 Environmental Impact Assessment for the proposed expansion of Synthetic/Natural Organic Aromatic Plant at Chikadasampalayam Village, Mettupalayam Taluk, Coimbatore District, Tamil Nadu Chapter - 11 Summary and Conclusion

11.9 Disaster Management Plan

To tackle the consequences of a major emergency inside the plant premises or its immediate vicinity, a Disaster Management Plan has been formulated. The objective of the Disaster Management Plan is to make use of the combined resources of the Synthetic/Natural Organic Aromatic Plant and the outside services, to achieve the following:

 Effect the rescue and medical treatment of casualties;  Safeguard other people;  Minimize damage to property and the environment;  Initially contain and ultimately bring the incident under control;  Identify any dead;  Provide for the needs of relatives;  Provide authoritative information to the media;  Secure the safe rehabilitation of affected area; and  Preserve relevant records and equipment for the subsequent inquiry into the cause and circumstances of the Emergency.

11.9.1 Occupational Health & Safety Measures

Large projects where multifarious activities are involved during construction, erection, testing, commissioning, operation and maintenance, the men, materials and machines are the basic inputs. Along with the benefits, the industrialization generally brings several problems like occupational health and safety. The industrial planner therefore has to take steps to minimize the impacts and to ensure appropriate occupational health and safety in the Synthetic/Natural Organic Aromatic Plant.

The following measures are proposed:

 Conducting awareness programs at regular intervals to the employees;  Providing safety kits and prevention kits; and  Provision of Clinic at the plant site to handle emergency situations that may arise.

11.10 Corporate Environmental Responsibility

M/s. Encee Aromatics (P) Limited proposes to take part in various CER activities like potable water facility for nearby school, Improvements of water bodies in the Mettupalayam region, Road facilities to the nearby villages, infrastructure facility to Govt School and revamping of water pumps at Chikadasampalayam village. Under CER activity 20.0 lakhs (2.5 % of project cost) will be allotted for the above-mentioned works. The CER activity plan for the proposed expansion plant is shown in Table - 11.10

VIMTA Labs Limited, Hyderabad/Coimbatore C11-16 Environmental Impact Assessment for the proposed expansion of Synthetic/Natural Organic Aromatic Plant at Chikadasampalayam Village, Mettupalayam Taluk, Coimbatore District, Tamil Nadu Chapter - 11 Summary and Conclusion

TABLE - 11.10 CORPORATE ENVIRONMENTAL RESPONSIBILITY ACTION PLAN

Capital cost Sr. 2021- 2022- 2023- Activity (Rs. in No 2022 2023 2024 Lakhs) Potable water supply facility for 1. 3.0 3.0 - - nearby Govt. School Infrastructure facilities such as 2. sanitary, library, sports amenities and 6.5 2.5 2.0 2.0 smart classroom to Govt.Schools Scholarship to economically weaker 3. 5.0 1.65 1.65 1.70 section students Revamping of water pumps at 4. 2.5 1.5 1.0 - Chikadasampalayam village 5. Health Camps in nearby villages 3.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 Total 20.0 9.65 5.65 4.70

11.11 Project Benefits

The basic requirement of the community needs will be strengthened by extending health care, educational facilities to the community, providing drinking water to the villages and taking part in various health care activities.

Implementation of the project will result in the following benefits

 Temporary employment for people from the neighboring villages during construction phase;  Permanent employment to 22 persons and indirect employment to 30 persons.  providing drinking water facility and revamping of bore wells facilities in the nearby villages;  State will get revenue from payment towards taxes and water cess etc.,  Reduces the demand and supply gap of aroma chemicals.  Farmers in the local area will be benefitted as large amount of raw material will be bought from them.

11.12 Conclusion

The proposed Expansion of Synthetic/Natural Organic Aromatic Plant has certain level of marginal impacts on the local environment. Thus, it can be concluded that with the judicious and proper implementation of the pollution control and mitigation measures, the proposed expansion project would be beneficial to the society as well as to reduce the demand-supply gap of manufacturing products which contributes to the economic development of the region in particular and country in general.

VIMTA Labs Limited, Hyderabad/Coimbatore C11-17

CHAPTER-12

DISCLOSURE OF CONSULTANT

12.0 DISCLOSURE OF CONSULTANTS

12.1 Introduction

Vimta Labs Limited is a leading multi-disciplinary testing and research laboratory in India. VIMTA provides contract research and testing services in the areas of clinical research, pre-clinical (animal) studies, clinical reference lab services, environmental impact assessments and analytical testing of a wide variety of products.

VIMTA-Environment Division has been in the forefront of its vision to provide better environment through guiding and assisting the industry for sustainable development. A stalwart in the mission to protect and preserve the natural resources on earth for future generations, Vimta offers extensive research and consultancy services in the field of Environment. With its rich experience, multi-disciplinary expertise and with the support of its state-of the-art analytical equipment, the services offered by Vimta are wide ranging and encompasses entire gamut of Environment Management and Monitoring Services. With its emphasis on quality services, Vimta, over the years, has evolved itself into a single reference point in India for Comprehensive Environmental Services.

12.1.1 The Quality Policy

 VIMTA is committed to good professional practices and quality of operations in its testing, validation and research services;

 VIMTA shall ensure customer satisfaction by maintaining independence, impartiality and integrity in its operations;

 VIMTA shall provide the services in accordance with national and international norms;  VIMTA shall implement quality systems as per ISO/IEC 17025 and applicable Good Laboratory Practices (GLPs) & Good Clinical Practices (GCPs), to generate technically valid results/data; and  VIMTA shall ensure that all its personnel familiarize with the policies and procedures of the quality system and implement the same in their work.

12.1.2 Services Offered

Spread over 70,000 sq.ft lush green garden premises at Cherlapally, Hyderabad (India), the scientifically designed and meticulously groomed infrastructural facility of the Central Laboratory of VIMTA has the most sophisticated instruments backed by an excellent team of professionals.

Over 150,000 sq. ft. of world class research laboratory is also under operation at Biotech Park-Genome Valley, Hyderabad (India). Having all the facilities under one roof is perhaps the only one of its kind in South Asia in the contract testing and research sector.

VIMTA Labs Limited, Hyderabad/Coimbatore C12-1 Environmental Impact Assessment for the proposed expansion of Synthetic/Natural Organic Aromatic Plant at Chikadasampalayam Village, Mettupalayam Taluk, Coimbatore District, Tamil Nadu Chapter - 12 Disclosure of the Consultant

VIMTA Central Laboratory, Cherlapally, Hyderabad VIMTA Life Sciences, Genome Valley, Hyderabad

Vimta offers services under the following specializations:

 Environment;  Analytical;  Clinical Reference Lab;  Clinical Research;  Preclinical;  Molecular Biology; and  Research and Development.

The environment division of VIMTA Labs Limited (VLL) has its presence all over India and other countries including a strong association with international consultants like Japan Bank for International Cooperation (JBIC), Kennametal Inc. - USA, Rudal Blanchard – UK, E&E Solutions – Japan, NAPESCO & Kuwait National Petroleum Corporation – Kuwait, Marafiq and Haif Consultants – Saudi Arabia and others. Vimta Labs Limited has the following credentials:

 Recognition by BIS, India;  Recognition by Ministry of Environment and Forests, Govt. of India and various State Pollution Control Boards (wherever applicable);  Recognition by Department of Science & Technology, Govt. of India (NABL);  Accreditation by QCI/NABET;  Recognition by Ministry of Defence, Govt. of India;  Recognition by APEDA, Ministry of Commerce, Govt. of India;  Recognition by Saudi Arabia Standard Organization (SASO), Saudi Arabia;  Recognition from NEMC, Tanzania;  Accreditation by NCTCF;  Certification from Standard Australia;  Recognition from ANVISA Brazil;  Recognition from USFDA;  Quality Assurance Services as per ISO/IEC 17025;  Quality Assurance Services as per ICH Guidelines; and  Recognition by World Health Organization (WHO).

VIMTA Labs Limited, Hyderabad/Coimbatore C12-2 Environmental Impact Assessment for the proposed expansion of Synthetic/Natural Organic Aromatic Plant at Chikadasampalayam Village, Mettupalayam Taluk, Coimbatore District, Tamil Nadu Chapter - 12 Disclosure of the Consultant

12.1.3 Environment Division

Environment essentially being a multi-disciplinary science, the range of services offered by the division are also comprehensive and caters to the needs of industry, pollution control agencies, and regulatory authorities and in a larger pursuit of a green globe. The services under environment include:

 Site selection and liability studies;  Environmental impact assessments;  Environment management plans;  Carrying capacity based regional studies;  Environmental audits;  Solid and hazardous waste management;  Risk assessment (MCA,HAZON,HAZOP) & disaster management plans;  Occupational health and safety, industrial hygiene;  Environmental monitoring for air, meteorology, water, soil, noise, ecology and socio-economics;  Industrial emission source monitoring;  Offshore sampling and analysis of marine water and sediments;  Marine ecological studies;  Marine impact assessment;  Rehabilitation and resettlement studies;  Forestry and ecological studies;  Geological and hydro-geological studies;  Land use /land cover studies based on remote sensing;  Socio-economic studies;  Due diligence studies;  Industrial epidemiological studies;  Wasteland management studies; and  Study on bio-indicators.

The services under Environmental Chemistry include:

 Analysis of water, wastewater, soil, solid waste, hazardous waste as per international codes;  Source emissions and work zone air/noise quality monitoring;  Analysis of SVOCs, VOCs, PAH, BTEX, AOX, PCB’s, TCLP metals, TOC etc.;  Categorization of hazardous waste; and  Pesticide residue analysis.

12.1.4 Facilities of Environment Division

Vimta-Environment Division is located in scientifically designed Central Laboratory with the state-of the-art modern facilities to offer vide range of services in indoor and outdoor monitoring and analytical characterization in the field of Environment. Further, it is ably supported by highly skilled and experienced team of professionals in the fields of science, engineering, ecology, meteorology, social planning, geology & hydro-geology and environmental planning.

VIMTA Labs Limited, Hyderabad/Coimbatore C12-3 Environmental Impact Assessment for the proposed expansion of Synthetic/Natural Organic Aromatic Plant at Chikadasampalayam Village, Mettupalayam Taluk, Coimbatore District, Tamil Nadu Chapter - 12 Disclosure of the Consultant

Besides the regular monitoring equipment such as Fine Dust Samplers, Respirable Dust Samplers (RDS), automatic weather monitoring stations, stack monitoring kits, personal samplers, noise meters, portable water kits etc, the other major specialized equipment include:

 Monostatic Sodar–Designed by National Physical Laboratory, GOI;  Integrated Noise Level Meters–Quest, U.S.A;  Flue Gas Analyzers–Testo, Germany;  113-A Gravimetric Dust Sampler-Casella, London;  ICP AES– Varian, USA;  Gas Liquid Chromatographs with FID, ECD & pFPD–Varian, USA;  Gas Chromatograph with Mass Detector–Varian, USA;  Atomic Absorption Spectrometer [AAS]–Varian, USA;  PAS-AFC-123 instrument;  High Performance Liquid Chromatograph (HPLC);  Laser Particle Size Analyzer;  Bomb Calorimeter;  Polarographs;  X-ray Fluorescent Spectrometer;  Flame Photometer;  Carbon Sulphur Analyzer;  Computerized Fatigue Testing Machine;  Electronic Universal Testing Machine;  Fourier Transmission Infrared Spectroscope; and  Water Flow Current Meter – make Lawrence & Mayo.

12.1.5 Quality Systems

The basic fact that environment division and its supporting site laboratories are accredited by NABL (IS0-17025) and Ministry of Environment and Forests, India and by other international bodies stand testimony to its emphasis on Quality Systems.

VIMTA Labs Limited, Hyderabad/Coimbatore C12-4 Environmental Impact Assessment for the proposed expansion of Synthetic/Natural Organic Aromatic Plant at Chikadasampalayam Village, Mettupalayam Taluk, Coimbatore District, Tamil Nadu

Chapter - 12 Disclosure of Consultant

The detail of the persons involved in the preparation of present EIA report is presented below:

DETAILS OF PERSONNEL INVOLVED IN CURRENT EIA STUDY – VIMTA LABS LTD

Sr. No. Name Qualification Position Contribution Expertise/Functional Experience Area 1 Mr. M. Janardhan M.Tech Vice President Co-ordination EIA Co-Ordinator and About 25 years of experience in the field of (Env. Engg) & Head (Env) FAE for AP, AQ, NV & Environmental Management and Environmental SHW Engineering 2 Dr.S.Muneeswaran M.E (Env Engg), Sr.Manager/ Co-ordination FAE for AP, NV About 33 Years of experience in the field of M.Sc., Ph.D Sr. Scientist environmental chemistry and environmental impact assessment 3 Dr. B. Chandra Sekhar M.Sc., Ph.D Associate Vice Co-ordination FAE for AQ About 17 years of experience in the field of President Environmental Management and Modeling 4 Mr. G. V. Raghava Rao M.Tech (Env) Manager Expert FAE-AP, ISW & MSW About 17 years of experience in the field of Environmental Management and Environmental Engineering 5 Ms. Durga Bhavani M. Sc (Env Group Leader Expert FAE – WP, AQ, Team About 12 years of experience in the field of Science), M.Tech Member SHW Environmental Management and Environmental Chemistry 6 Mr. Venkatesham M.S.W Group Leader Expert FAE-SE About 15 years of experience in the field of social Impact Assessment Studies 7 Mr. K. Rajeshwar MSC. Geology & Sr. Scientist Expert FAE–HG About 7 years of experience in the field of geology Hydrogeology and Hydrogeology 8 Mr. Ch. Narendra M.S.W Sr. Scientist Expert FAE-SE About 7 years of experience in the field of Social Impact Assessment Studies 9 Mr. M. Shaik Qadir M.E (Env.Engg) Env. Engineer Expert Team Member About 3 years of experience in the field of Environment Management and Engineering 10 Mr. K. S. Vishnu Teja M.Tech (Env ) Env. Engineer Expert FAE- WP About 5 years of experience in the field of Environment Management and Engineering 11 Mr. P. Niranjan Babu B.Com Dy. Manager Secretarial -- About 26 years of experience in the field of Support environmental monitoring and secretarial support 12 Mr. P. Krishna I.T.I (Civil) Jr. Engineer Cartography -- About 16 years of experience in the field of environmental management and civil drawings 13 Mr. J. Rama Krishna I.T.I (Civil) Jr. Engineer Cartography -- About 15 years of experience in the field of environmental management and civil drawings

VIMTA Labs Limited, Hyderabad/Coimbatore C12-5 Environmental Impact Assessment for the proposed expansion of Synthetic/Natural Organic Aromatic Plant at Chikadasampalayam Village, Mettupalayam Taluk, Coimbatore District, Tamil Nadu

Chapter - 12 Disclosure of Consultant

Sr. No. Name Qualification Position Contribution Expertise/Functional Experience Area Empaneled Experts 1 Mr. J. Rajendra Prasad M.Sc. Consultant Expert FAE-HG About 16 years of experience in the field of Land use studies, Remote Sensing and Hydrogeology 2 Dr. Bayapu Reddy M.Sc. Consultant Expert FAE-EB About 20 years of experience in the field of Ecology and soil study 3 Mr. B.S. Lole M.Sc. (Ag) Consultant Expert FAE-SC About 38 years of experience in the field of Soil Conservation 4 Mr. Y. Rama Mohan M.Sc., Ph.D Consultant Expert FAE-HG, LU/LC About 11 years of experience in the field of Remote Sensing and Hydrogeology

VIMTA Labs Limited, Hyderabad/Coimbatore C12-6 Environmental Impact Assessment for the proposed expansion of Synthetic/Natural Organic Aromatic Plant at Chikadasampalayam Village, Mettupalayam Taluk, Coimbatore District, Tamil Nadu Chapter - 12 Disclosure of Consultant

VIMTA Labs Limited, Hyderabad/Coimbatore C12-7 Environmental Impact Assessment for the proposed expansion of Synthetic/Natural Organic Aromatic Plant at Chikadasampalayam Village, Mettupalayam Taluk, Coimbatore District, Tamil Nadu Chapter - 12 Disclosure of Consultant

VIMTA Labs Limited, Hyderabad/Coimbatore C12-8