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This Thesis Has Been Submitted in Fulfilment of the Requirements for a Postgraduate Degree (E.G This thesis has been submitted in fulfilment of the requirements for a postgraduate degree (e.g. PhD, MPhil, DClinPsychol) at the University of Edinburgh. Please note the following terms and conditions of use: This work is protected by copyright and other intellectual property rights, which are retained by the thesis author, unless otherwise stated. A copy can be downloaded for personal non-commercial research or study, without prior permission or charge. This thesis cannot be reproduced or quoted extensively from without first obtaining permission in writing from the author. The content must not be changed in any way or sold commercially in any format or medium without the formal permission of the author. When referring to this work, full bibliographic details including the author, title, awarding institution and date of the thesis must be given. Joseph Ritson and the Publication of Early English Literature Genevieve Theodora McNutt PhD in English Literature University of Edinburgh 2018 1 Declaration This is to certify that that the work contained within has been composed by me and is entirely my own work. No part of this thesis has been submitted for any other degree or professional qualification. Portions of the final chapter have been published, in a condensed form, as a journal article: ‘“Dignified sensibility and friendly exertion”: Joseph Ritson and George Ellis’s Metrical Romance(ë)s.’ Romantik: Journal for the Study of Romanticisms 5.1 (2016): 87-109. DOI:http://dx.doi.org/10.7146/rom.v5i1.26422. Genevieve Theodora McNutt 2 3 Abstract This thesis examines the work of antiquary and scholar Joseph Ritson (1752-1803) in publishing significant and influential collections of early English and Scottish literature, including the first collection of medieval romance, by going beyond the biographical approaches to Ritson’s work typical of nineteenth- and twentieth- century accounts, incorporating an analysis of Ritson’s contributions to specific fields into a study of the context which made his work possible. It makes use of the ‘Register of Manuscripts Sent to the Reading Room of the British Museum’ to shed new light on Ritson’s use of the manuscript collections of the British Museum. The thesis argues that Ritson’s early polemic attacks on Thomas Warton, Thomas Percy, and the editors of Shakespeare allowed Ritson to establish his own claims to expertise and authority, built upon the research he had already undertaken in the British Museum and other public and private collections. Through his publications, Ritson experimented with different strategies for organizing, systematizing, interpreting and presenting his research, constructing very different collections for different kinds of texts, and different kinds of readers. A comparison of Ritson’s three major collections of songs – A Select Collection of English Songs (1783), Ancient Songs (1790), and Scotish Songs (1794) – demonstrates some of the consequences of his decisions, particularly the distinction made between English and Scottish material. Although Ritson’s Robin Hood (1795) is the most frequently reprinted of his collections, and one of the best studied, approaching this work within the immediate context of Ritson’s research and other publications, rather than its later reception, offers some explanation for its more idiosyncratic features. Finally, Ritson’s Ancient Engleish Metrical Romanceës (1802) provides a striking example of Ritson’s participation in collaborative networks and the difficulty of finding an audience and a market for editions of early English literature at the beginning of the nineteenth century. 4 5 Table of Contents Introduction .................................................................................................................. 7 Chapter 1: Observations and Remarks ....................................................................... 39 ‘A battel is fought between foot and great Hobby-Horses’ ................................... 39 ‘The Science of Blackguardism’ ............................................................................ 43 ‘O Rare T.W.!’ ....................................................................................................... 57 ‘So much for dr. Johnson’ ...................................................................................... 65 Chapter 2: A Student of the British Museum ............................................................. 73 ‘In the British Museum he revelled in stores then but little explored’................... 74 Typographical Antiquities ...................................................................................... 83 Chapter 3: English Songs ......................................................................................... 101 ‘Selected with great Labour and Attention’ ......................................................... 116 ‘Corrected by the Collation of various Copies, and published with the utmost Fidelity and Care’ ................................................................................................. 133 ‘the interior order and disposition of the contents of each department is peculiar to the present volumes’ ............................................................................................ 136 ‘To which is prefixed an Essay on the Origin and Progress of Song Writing’ .... 143 Chapter 4: Ancient Songs ........................................................................................ 153 ‘the progressive energies of the trivial Muse’ ...................................................... 153 ‘a superannuated domestic’ .................................................................................. 160 ‘the best that could be had’ .................................................................................. 164 Chapter 5: Scotish Songs ......................................................................................... 187 ‘the subject of this essay is that of the natives of Scotland speaking and writing the English language’ ................................................................................................. 189 ‘at present almost beyond the reach of conjecture’ .............................................. 194 ‘The selection he now offers to the public’ .......................................................... 196 The Caledonian Muse .......................................................................................... 201 Chapter 6: Romanceës.............................................................................................. 211 ‘English literature and English poetry suffer, while so many pieces of this kind still remain concealed and forgotten in our manuscript libraries’........................ 211 ‘Mr. Ritson will highly gratify the lovers of such reading by their publication, and of such inquirers by his notes’ ............................................................................. 222 ‘Dignified Sensibility and Friendly Exertion’ ..................................................... 234 6 Conclusion ................................................................................................................ 267 Works Cited .............................................................................................................. 279 Manuscript ............................................................................................................ 279 Print ...................................................................................................................... 279 Table 1: Manuscripts Requested, April 1776-July1782 ........................................... 296 Table 2: Manuscripts Requested, 1776-1803 ........................................................... 297 Table 3: Frequency of Difference Between Date Requested and Date Returned, 1776-1803 ................................................................................................................. 298 Appendix: Table of Contents and Authorities .......................................................... 299 7 Introduction Since his death, Joseph Ritson’s life and legacy have been contested. Scholarship on Ritson has been cumulative, each successive account built upon, directly or indirectly, some subset of the previous work. This introduction begins with a brief overview of the features of Ritson’s biography relevant to the present thesis before providing an account of the ways in which Ritson’s life and work were presented, interpreted, and contested in the nineteenth and twentieth centuries. For many of Ritson’s early biographers and critics, the presentation of Ritson’s life and work was closely tied to their understanding of themselves and their own place in the study and publication of early English literature. As such, their accounts are an invaluable record of the reception of Ritson, and of the changing status of the study and publication of early English literature, but as a record of Ritson’s life and immediate context need to be approached cautiously. Bertrand H. Bronson’s biography, Joseph Ritson: Scholar-at-Arms (1938), remains an irreplaceable resource, providing thorough documentation of Ritson’s life and a comprehensive bibliography. I have been able to identify a very few archival resources unknown to Bronson, most significantly the ‘Register of Manuscripts Sent to the Reading Room of the British Museum’, which provides an invaluable record of Ritson’s research.1 However, like the earlier accounts, Bronson is narrowly focused on Ritson as an individual.
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