Tassos Papadopoulos (Efstathios ('Tassos') Nikolaoupapadopoulos)

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Tassos Papadopoulos (Efstathios ('Tassos') Nikolaoupapadopoulos) Tassos Papadopoulos (Efstathios ('Tassos') NikolaouPapadopoulos) Chipre, Presidente de la República (2003-2008) Duración del mandato: 28 de Febrero de 2003 - de de Nacimiento: Nicosia, 07 de Enero de 1934 Defunción: Nicosia, 12 de Diciembre de 2008</p> Partido político: Partido Democrático (DIKO) Profesión : Abogado Resumen El quinto presidente de la República de Chipre, entre 2003 y 2008, fue un político involucrado desde la más temprana juventud en la causa nacional y la representación institucional de su comunidad, la grecochipriota, separada de los turcochipriotas del norte desde las violentas crisis de 1964 y 1974. Líder del centrista Partido Democrático (DIKO), Papadopoulos ganó las elecciones de 2003 y un año más tarde atrajo la atención internacional al propugnar el no en el referéndum, celebrado poco antes del ingreso en la UE, sobre el plan de reunificación de la isla diseñado por la ONU y basado en una débil federación bizonal y bicomunal, al considerar que no salvaguardaba los derechos de los chipriotas del sur. En febrero de 2008 el mandatario perdió en las urnas la apuesta reeleccionista y en diciembre del mismo año falleció de cáncer a los 74 años de edad. (Texto actualizado hasta diciembre 2008) http://www.cidob.org 1 of 8 Biografía 1. Temprano representante del nacionalismo grecochipriota 2. Mano derecha y sucesor de S. Kyprianou al frente del Partido Democrático 3. El quinquenio presidencial: la entrada en la UE y el no al plan de la ONU para la reunificación de Chipre 4. Derrota electoral, fin del mandato y fallecimiento 1. Temprano representante del nacionalismo grecochipriota Hijo de un profesor de escuela bien relacionado con los círculos jurídicos de la isla y el mayor de tres hermanos, estudió en colegios de su Nicosia natal antes de iniciar la carrera de Derecho en el King's College de la Universidad de Londres, a cuyo término se colegió como abogado de tribunales superiores en el Gray's Inn. En la capital británica fundó la Unión Nacional de Estudiantes Chipriotas en Inglaterra (EFEKA). Como otros jóvenes nacionalistas de la comunidad grecochipriota, Papadopoulos se alistó en la Organización Nacional de Combatientes Chipriotas (EOKA), la guerrilla antibritánica del coronel Georgios Grivas, quien en abril de 1955 se alzó en armas para obtener la soberanía de la isla y su anexión a Grecia (Enosis). El recién titulado abogado, con 21 años, regresó a Chipre pocos días antes de comenzar la insurgencia de Grivas, quien le encomendó el mando de las operaciones clandestinas en la región de Nicosia. Al poco tiempo, Papadopoulos trasladó su activismo al brazo político del movimiento de liberación, el Comité Político de la Lucha Chipriota (PEKA), cuya Secretaría General alcanzó en 1958. Responsable político de lo más precoz, en febrero de 1959 el abogado participó en la Conferencia de Londres, dedicada a discutir el futuro de la colonia sobre la base del reciente acuerdo alcanzado en Zurich por los gobiernos de Grecia y Turquía. Allí, se destacó como uno de los representantes grecochipriotas que votó en contra de un texto que establecía la formación de un gobierno multipartito de transición previo a la declaración de independencia. Sin embargo, no boicoteó el proceso de descolonización puesto en marcha y se implicó a fondo en la elaboración tanto de la Constitución de la futura República de Chipre, siendo uno de los cuatro grecochipriotas de la Comisión redactora, como de la estructura del Gobierno, que entró en funciones el 5 de abril de 1959 y cuya sensible cartera de Interior, llamada a lidiar con los chispazos de tensión intercomunitaria, le confió el líder de la comunidad grecochipriota, el arzobispo Makarios III. El flamante ministro sólo tenía 25 años. Tras el acceso a la independencia de la República de Chipre el 16 de agosto de 1960, con Makarios de presidente y el turcochipriota Fazil Küçük de vicepresidente, Papadopoulos continuó en el Ejecutivo hasta 1970, tiempo en el que dirigió sucesivamente los ministerios de Trabajo y Seguridad Social, Salud, y Agricultura y Recursos Naturales. Fue una década de tensiones que conoció el fracaso del marco constitucional de integración entre griegos y turcos y, acompañada de una espiral de violencia sectaria, la ruptura política e institucional entre ambas comunidades. No obstante su tendencia al radicalismo antiturco, Papadopoulos estaba integrado en el Frente Patriótico, la coalición de fuerzas que servía de soporte a Makarios y sus políticas, sintetizadas en el rechazo a la Enosis, la salvaguardia de un Chipre independiente y no alineado exteriormente, y la búsqueda de soluciones pacíficas para los conflictos intercomunitarios, si bien el arzobispo se enzarzó con el vicepresidente Küçük en un diálogo de sordos que condujo a la adopción por ambos estadistas de una serie de actos unilaterales que socavaron las previsiones constitucionales de 1960. En febrero de 1969, después de disgregarse el Frente Patriótico, Papadopoulos acompañó al moderado Glafcos Clerides, presidente de la Cámara de Representantes, en la fundación del Partido Unido (Eniaion Komma), grupo conservador moderado sustentando en las clases urbanas y que se puso al servicio de Makarios. Clerides se convirtió en el presidente de la nueva agrupación y Papadopoulos en su vicepresidente. En las elecciones legislativas del 5 de julio de http://www.cidob.org 2 of 8 1970 el Eniaion fue la lista más votada con 15 escaños y Papadopoulos salió elegido diputado por Nicosia. En estos comicios la formación progubernamental consiguió imponerse a la poderosa agrupación comunista de los grecochipriotas, el Partido Progresista del Pueblo Trabajador (AKEL), liderado por Ezekias Papaioannou, y a otra formación surgida de la disgregación del Frente Patriótico, la Unión Democrática de Centro (EDEK), o Partido Socialista, liderada por Vassos Lyssarides. Cuando el golpe de Estado perpetrado el 15 de julio de 1974 contra Makarios por extremistas grecochipriotas partidarios de la Enosis y teledirigidos desde Atenas por la junta militar gobernante en Grecia, Papadopoulos y otros dirigentes oficialistas fueron arrestados y encarcelados en Famagusta. Sus captores le pusieron en libertad escasas horas antes de producirse la invasión por el Ejército turco de la parte isleña de mayoría turcochipriota, el 20 de julio, acción de represalia de Ankara que supuso la caída del Gobierno golpista presidido por Nikos Sampson y la reposición del Gobierno constitucional bajo la presidencia en funciones de Clerides. En el período provisional hasta el regreso de Makarios del exilio, Papadopoulos se desempeñó como colaborador de Clerides desde el Parlamento y asesor durante las rondas de negociaciones intercomunales con los turcochipriotas en Ginebra. En 1976 se produjo la escisión del bloque que apoyaba a Makarios con la emergencia por un lado de la conservadora Unión Democrática (Dimokratikos Sinayermos, DISY) de Clerides y por el otro del centrista y liberal Partido Democrático (Dimokratiko Komma, DIKO) de Spyros Kyprianou, antiguo ministro de Exteriores del Gobierno y llamado a suceder al arzobispo en la Presidencia de la República tras su fallecimiento en agosto de 1977. Como culminación de un largo período de desavenencias en el seno del Eniaion, Papadopoulos rompió con Clerides, a quien reemplazó como presidente de la Cámara de Representantes el 22 de julio y, por nombramiento de Makarios, como jefe de la delegación grecochipriota en las conversaciones intercomunales de Viena y en la misión diplomática en la Asamblea General de la ONU. Por el momento, Papadopoulos no se unió a la formación centrista de Kyprianou, viejo amigo desde los tiempos en que juntos fundaron la EFEKA en sus años de estudiantes en Londres. Entre otros aspectos, el DIKO se diferenciaba de la DISY en la defensa de una postura combativa frente la ocupación militar turca del tercio norte de la isla y de la no alineación exterior, oponiéndose resueltamente a la aproximación a la OTAN, de la que eran miembros tanto Grecia como Turquía, y que Clerides auspiciaba. En las elecciones del 5 de septiembre de 1976, ganadas por la DISY en las urnas pero por el DIKO en el reparto de escaños en virtud de la ley electoral entonces vigente, el ex ministro fue reelegido en su escaño con la etiqueta de independiente. Quince días después de las votaciones, al constituirse el nuevo hemiciclo, cesó como presidente del Legislativo en favor de Kyprianou y dos años después, en julio de 1978, ostentando ya Kyprianou la jefatura del Estado, abandonó también el cargo de negociador internacional jefe de la comunidad grecochipriota. En los años siguientes, Papadopoulos simultaneó la práctica legal privada, como jefe de un bufete de abogados de Nicosia especializado en la prestación de servicios jurídicos en litigios comerciales y empresariales, con el activismo político. Así, a principios de 1981 puso en marcha su propio partido político, la Unión de Centro (Enosis Kentrou), proyecto que no cuajó al no obtener representación en las elecciones legislativas del 24 de mayo de 1981 y el 8 de diciembre de 1985. En 1988 Papadopoulos terminó por integrar su partido en el DIKO, con el que básicamente no tenía diferencias ideológicas. 2. Mano derecha y sucesor de S. Kyprianou al frente del Partido Democrático Una de las personalidades más destacadas de la vida política y social de los años ochenta, Papadopoulos se distinguió sobre todo por sus manifestaciones prohelenistas y su enfoque intransigente de los tratos con los turcochipriotas, que el 15 de noviembre de 1983 proclamaron la República
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