Bralower, T.J., Premoli Silva, I., and Malone, M.J. (Eds.) Proceedings of the Ocean Drilling Program, Scientific Results Volume 198
3. DATA REPORT: PALEOCENE–EARLY OLIGOCENE CALCAREOUS NANNOFOSSIL BIOSTRATIGRAPHY, ODP LEG 198 SITES 1209, 1210, AND 1211 (SHATSKY RISE, PACIFIC OCEAN)1
Timothy J. Bralower2
ABSTRACT
A relatively complete lower Paleocene to lower Oligocene sequence was recovered from the Southern High of Shatsky Rise at Sites 1209, 1210, and 1211. The sequence consists of nannofossil ooze and clay- rich nannofossil ooze. Samples from these sites have been the target of intensive calcareous nannofossil biostratigraphic investigations. Calcar- 1Bralower, T.J., 2005. Data report: eous nannofossils are moderately preserved in most of the recovered se- Paleocene–early Oligocene calcareous quence, which extends from nannofossil Zones CP1 to CP16. Most nannofossil biostratigraphy, ODP Leg traditional zonal markers are present; however, the rarity and poor pres- 198 Sites 1209, 1210, and 1211 ervation of key species in the uppermost Paleocene and lower Eocene (Shatsky Rise, Pacific Ocean). In inhibits zonal subdivision of part of this sequence. Bralower, T.J., Premoli Silva, I., and Malone, M.J. (Eds.), Proc. ODP, Sci. Results, 198, 1–15 [Online]. Available from World Wide Web:
A high-quality collection of sedimentary records through the Paleo- gene was obtained at four different sites on the Southern High of Shatsky Rise: Sites 1209, 1210, 1211, and 1212 (Fig. F1). This investiga- F1. Map of sites investigated, p. 6. tion concerns the calcareous nannofossil biostratigraphy of the first
three sites. Sites 1209 and 1211 were triple cored, and Site 1210 was 4000 2000
double cored. The biostratigraphy of Site 1212 is described in Bralower, Depth (m) 6000 ° 39 N ° 1209 38
° 1212 37 1210
Premoli Silva, Malone, et al. (2002) and is not discussed further in this ° 1211 ° 36 164 ° ° 3 16 35 ° 162 ° ° 4 3 161 ° ° chapter. 60 1 33 ° ° 159 ° 32 158 ° ° 31 157 °E ° 156 A precise biostratigraphic framework is a fundamental prerequisite 30 for the interpretation of the depositional and paleoceanographic his- tory of Shatsky Rise. Shipboard Paleogene biostratigraphic investigation was largely limited to core catcher samples except around critical boundaries. The resolution of this investigation is increased to one sam- ple per core section or more. This higher resolution allows more precise determination of the ranges of key taxa and placement of zonal bound- aries. Biostratigraphic interpretation is not without difficulty, however. Several traditionally used Paleogene zonal markers are absent or rare in sediments at the three sites. Overgrowth obscures other markers and renders their ranges difficult to determine. Similar problems have been encountered in other Paleogene sequences (e.g., Monechi, 1985; Pospichal and Wise, 1990). At Site 865 in the equatorial Pacific, Bral- ower and Mutterlose (1995) determined the stratigraphic ranges of >100 secondary markers. This investigation seeks to determine the strati- graphic potential of some of these markers by observing their position relative to other sections, as well as their abundance and taxonomic dis- tinctiveness near the ends of their ranges.
METHODS AND PROCEDURES
This biostratigraphic investigation is based on observations of about one sample in each core section of the composite splice at each site. The number of samples observed is higher close to the Paleocene/Eocene boundary. Biostratigraphic investigations were conducted using the light microscope with 1000× magnification under cross-polarized light. T1. Calcareous nannofossil range Discoasters were observed under phase-contrast illumination. Most chart, Site 1209, p. 7. samples were observed on two separate occasions for a total of 30 min. A greater amount of time was devoted to samples close to the ends of species ranges and especially near zonal boundaries, where samples T2. Calcareous nannofossil range were sometimes observed for 1 hr. chart, Site 1210, p. 8. Relative abundance of nannofossils was determined in the following fashion: a species was termed abundant if, on average, >10 specimens could be observed in a field of view at 1000× magnification; it was T3. Calcareous nannofossil range termed common if 1–9 specimens could be observed in each field; it chart, Site 1211, p. 9. was termed few if 1–9 specimens could be observed in every 10 fields of view; and it was termed rare, if, on average, >10 fields were required to observe one specimen. All taxa observed were tabulated at Sites 1209 T4. Zonal and other key datums, and 1210 (Tables T1, T2). At Site 1211 only zonal markers and other Site 1209, p. 10. stratigraphically significant taxa were listed (Table T3). In addition, more detailed sampling was conducted near the PETM at all three sites. Ranges of key taxa were observed in these samples (Tables T4, T5, T6), T5. Zonal and other key datums, although they have not been compiled in the range charts (Tables T1, Site 1210, p. 12. T2, T3). For most taxa, generally accepted taxonomic concepts are applied (e.g., Aubry, 1984, 1988, 1989, 1990; Perch-Nielsen, 1985; Bralower and T6. Zonal and other key datums, Mutterlose, 1995). Certain groups of nannofossils, particularly the dis- Site 1211, p. 14. T. BRALOWER DATA REPORT: CALCAREOUS NANNOFOSSIL BIOSTRATIGRAPHY 3 coasters, proved to be difficult to study, as this group is incompletely categorized and often obscured by overgrowth in the studied samples.
RESULTS
Range charts showing the distribution of all species observed are pre- sented in Tables T1, T2, and T3. Zonal and other key datums for the three sites are compiled in Tables T4, T5, and T6 using meters compos- ite depth (mcd) from Bralower, Premoli Silva, Malone, et al. (2002) and revised meters composite depth (rmcd) from Westerfeld and Röhl (this volume).
Preservation
Calcareous nannofossil preservation is generally moderate in the Pa- leocene to lower Oligocene section at Sites 1209, 1210, and 1211. Most samples show signs of slight etching and moderate overgrowth. Over- growth has masked whole specimens, making it difficult to distinguish consistently among species of Nannotetrina, for example, and to consis- tently interpret the ray form of discoasters. Etching, for example, often removes the central area of Toweius. A few samples distributed ran- domly through the sections have good preservation. In general, preser- vation deteriorates from the Paleocene to the Eocene and nannofossils in a number of Eocene samples are marked by moderate to high amounts of etching as a result of dissolution. There is no systematic in- crease in overgrowth or dissolution with depth; thus, preservation ap- pears to be related to alteration at or near the seafloor.
Application of Standard Paleogene Zonations
The standard zonation of Bukry (1973, 1975), emended by Okada and Bukry (1980), was developed in low-latitude oceanic sections. Hence, this scheme is primarily applied here. The zonation of Martini (1971), on the other hand, was established in land sequences largely from the continents. Generally, many of the zones of both schemes and the subzones of Okada and Bukry (1980) could be determined at Sites 1209, 1210, and 1211 with a fair amount of confidence (Tables T4, T5, T6). However, a number of these units could not be determined due to taxonomic difficulties or paucity of key species. For example, the base of Zone CP7 could not be determined because of the rarity of Discoaster nobilis. The base of Zone CP3 was difficult to determine with precision as a result of the rarity of Ellipsolithus macellus near the onset of its range. In addition, the base of Zone CP14 (Subzone CP14a) was difficult to determine because of the sporadic distribution of Reticulofenestra um- bilicus near the base of its range. Finally, the base of Subzone CP16b, de- fined by the base of the acme of Ericsonia subdisticha, is also difficult to determine precisely, as this species is rarely abundant in samples inves- tigated. The significance of the zonal markers and other datums that have potential as zonal markers will be discussed in detail in Bralower (unpubl. data). Nannofossil biostratigraphy suggests extremely slow sedimentation or unconformities at all sites. At Sites 1209 and 1210, the uppermost Eocene and lowermost Oligocene interval is extremely condensed, with multiple datums concentrated within a few meters (~137–141 mcd at both sites; Tables T1, T2, T4, T5). The upper part of the middle Eocene T. BRALOWER DATA REPORT: CALCAREOUS NANNOFOSSIL BIOSTRATIGRAPHY 4
(Subzones CP13b–CP14a; ~98 mcd) at Site 1211 appears to be con- densed (Tables T3, T6). In addition, the lowermost Eocene (Zone CP9) at Sites 1209 (~208 mcd), 1210 (~201 mcd), and 1211 (~136 mcd) ap- pears to be highly condensed. More detailed investigation is required to determine if unconformities are present in these intervals. Reworked nannofossils have not been observed, except in the upper Eocene where markers are observed significantly above the termination of their ranges (Tables T1, T2, T3).
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
I acknowledge the assistance of Andy Bowman, Taylor McCay, and Dan Weirauch with smear slide preparation. I am grateful to Samantha Gibbs for providing ranges of key taxa near the PETM at Site 1209. I thank Isabella Premoli Silva and Woody Wise for constructive reviews. This research used samples and/or data provided by the Ocean Drilling Program (ODP). ODP is funded by the U.S. National Science Foundation (NSF) under management of Joint Oceanographic Institutions (JOI), Inc. This research was funded by JOI-U.S. Science Advisory Committee. T. BRALOWER DATA REPORT: CALCAREOUS NANNOFOSSIL BIOSTRATIGRAPHY 5 REFERENCES
Aubry, M.-P., 1984. Handbook of Cenozoic Calcareous Nannoplankton (Book 1): Ortholithae (Discoasters): New York (Micropaleontology Press). Aubry, M.-P., 1988. Handbook of Calcareous Nannoplankton (Book 2): Ortholithae (Catin- asters, Ceratoliths, Rhabdoliths): New York (Micropaleontology Press). Aubry, M.-P., 1989. Handbook of Cenozoic Calcareous Nannoplankton (Book 3): Ortholithae (Pentaliths and Others). Heliolithae (Fasciculiths, Sphenoliths, and Others): New York (Micropaleontology Press). Aubry, M.-P., 1990. Handbook of Cenozoic Calcareous Nannoplankton (Book 4): Heli- olithae (Helicoliths, Cribriliths, Lopadoliths, and Others): New York (Micropaleontol- ogy Press). Berggren, W.A., Kent, D.V., Swisher, C.C., III, and Aubry, M.-P., 1995. A revised Ceno- zoic geochronology and chronostratigraphy. In Berggren, W.A., Kent, D.V., Aubry, M.-P., and Hardenbol, J. (Eds.), Geochronology, Time Scales and Global Stratigraphic Correlation. Spec. Publ.—SEPM (Soc. Sediment. Geol.), 54:129–212. Bralower, T.J., and Mutterlose, J., 1995. Calcareous nannofossil biostratigraphy of Site 865, Allison Guyot, Central Pacific Ocean: a tropical Paleogene reference section. In Winterer, E.L., Sager, W.W., Firth, J.V., and Sinton, J.M. (Eds.), Proc. ODP, Sci. Results, 143: College Station, TX (Ocean Drilling Program), 31–74. Bralower, T.J., Premoli Silva, I., Malone, M.J., et al., 2002. Proc. ODP, Init. Repts., 198 [CD-ROM]. Available from: Ocean Drilling Program, Texas A&M University, Col- lege Station TX 77845-9547, USA. Bukry, D., 1973. Low-latitude coccolith biostratigraphic zonation. In Edgar, N.T., Saunders, J.B., et al., Init. Repts. DSDP, 15: Washington (U.S. Govt. Printing Office), 685–703. Bukry, D., 1975. Biostratigraphy of Cenozoic marine sediment by calcareous nanno- fossils. Micropaleontology, 24:44–60. Martini, E., 1971. Standard Tertiary and Quaternary calcareous nannoplankton zona- tion. In Farinacci, A. (Ed.), Proc. 2nd Int. Conf. Planktonic Microfossils Roma: Rome (Ed. Tecnosci.), 2:739–785. Monechi, S., 1985. Campanian to Pleistocene calcareous nannofossil stratigraphy from the northwest Pacific Ocean, Deep Sea Drilling Project Leg 86. In Heath, G.R., Burckle, L.H., et al., Init. Repts. DSDP, 86: Washington (U.S. Govt. Printing Office), 301–336. Okada, H., and Bukry, D., 1980. Supplementary modification and introduction of code numbers to the low-latitude coccolith biostratigraphic zonation (Bukry, 1973; 1975). Mar. Micropaleontol., 5:321–325. Perch-Nielsen, K., 1985. Cenozoic calcareous nannofossils. In Bolli, H.M., Saunders, J.B., and Perch-Nielsen, K. (Eds.), Plankton Stratigraphy: Cambridge (Cambridge Univ. Press), 427–554. Pospichal, J.J., and Wise, S.W., Jr., 1990. Paleocene to middle Eocene calcareous nan- nofossils of ODP Sites 689 and 690, Maud Rise, Weddell Sea. In Barker, P.F., Ken- nett, J.P., et al., Proc. ODP., Sci. Results, 113: College Station, TX (Ocean Drilling Program), 613–638. T. BRALOWER
DATA REPORT: CALCAREOUS NANNOFOSSIL BIOSTRATIGRAPHY 6
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39 Depth (m) Depth Figure F1. T. BRALOWER DATA REPORT: CALCAREOUS NANNOFOSSIL BIOSTRATIGRAPHY 7
Table T1. Calcareous nannofossil range chart for composite splice at Site 1209. (This table is available in an oversized format.) T. BRALOWER DATA REPORT: CALCAREOUS NANNOFOSSIL BIOSTRATIGRAPHY 8
Table T2. Calcareous nannofossil range chart for composite splice at Site 1210. (This table is available in an oversized format.) T. BRALOWER DATA REPORT: CALCAREOUS NANNOFOSSIL BIOSTRATIGRAPHY 9
Table T3. Calcareous nannofossil range chart for composite splice at Site 1211. (This table is available in an oversized format.) T. BRALOWER DATA REPORT: CALCAREOUS NANNOFOSSIL BIOSTRATIGRAPHY 10 Lower depth Zone Datum mean Continued on next page.) interval (cm) Lower core, section, See table notes. Upper depth Upper (mcd) (rmcd) (mcd) (rmcd) OB80 M71 (mcd) (rmcd) interval (cm) Upper core, section, 1209C-10H-2, 100–102 100–102 1209C-10H-2, 201.291 100–102 1209C-10H-4, 204.290 206.375 209.300 100–102 1209C-10H-3, 202.800 100–102 1209C-10H-5, 205.790 208.032 210.595 202.046 205.040 207.204 209.948 1209C-3H-2, 30–311209C-3H-2, 30–311209C-3H-6, 30–311209C-3H-6, 130.145 30–311209C-3H-6, 136.145 130.455 30–311209A-14H-4, 136.145 136.45530–31 1209C-3H-3, 30–311209A-14H-5, 136.145 136.45530–31 1209A-14H-4, 30–311209A-14H-5, 137.195 136.45530–31 1209A-14H-4, 144–145 1209B-15H-1, 131.645 138.695 139.005 137.19530–31 1209A-14H-4, 141.000 110–1111209B-15H-4, 138.695 131.955 140.445 30–31 1209A-14H-5, 137.195 139.005 110–1111209B-15H-5, 142.445 145.165 140.445 30–31 1209A-14H-6, 137.195 139.005 CP16c 0–5 1209B-16H-1, 107–108 1209B-15H-2, 146.665 146.518 30–31 1209A-14H-6, 138.695 CP16b 139.005 NP22 50–511209B-16H-2, 142.130 140.195 147.803 110–111 1209B-15H-5, 140.445 CP16a 50–51 1209B-16H-3, 143.575 140.195 141.725 20–21 1209B-15H-6 146.665 CP15 147.490 50–51 1209B-16H-3, 130.895 149.495 141.725 147.803 151.895 150.995 45–46 1209A-16H-2, 131.205 153.875 147.265 150.995 50–51 1209B-16H-2, 155.375 45–461209A-17H-1, 50–51 1209B-16H-3, CP14b 136.670 152.010 148.350 155.375 45–461209A-17H-3, 45–46 1209A-16H-1, NP17 136.670 137.730 156.64545–46 1209A-16H-1, 50–511209A-17H-6, 149.490 162.395 150.995 NP21 137.730 151.220 136.670 45–46 1209A-16H-3, 165.395 50–52 1209B-18H-2, 153.875 166.175 145.915 155.375 NP20 151.220 155.855 50–52 137.730 1209B-18H-2, 169.945 169.175 45–46 1209A-17H-2, 147.161 139.445 153.510 170.720 82–83 1209A-18H-3, 155.855 173.725 50–51 1209A-17H-4, 137.945 139.445 141.085 158.145 170.720 174.335 120–121 1209B-19H-1, 50–52 1209B-18H-2, 163.895 141.565 139.725 141.085 CP14a 175.000 174.335 179.860 50–52 1209B-18H-3, 166.945 167.675 143.010 CP13c 180.625 100–1021209B-19H-4, 50–52 1209B-18H-3, 185.005 170.725 170.730 172.220 45–46 45–46 1209A-18H-4, 1209A-19H-4, 45–46 1209A-18H-6, 184.170 174.335 146.965 45–46 CP13b1209A-19H-5, 175.835 172.220 189.300 176.130 148.077 178.420 45–46 1209A-19H-6, 187.180 175.835 0–2 1209B-19H-5, 151.108 188.680 CP13a 181.755 100–1021209B-20H-2, 180.153 192.355 148.490 150.245 152.760 155.615 190.180 NP15 193.855 100–1021209B-20H-3, 151.108 190.560 45–46 1209A-19H-5, 152.885 154.625 157.395 CP13a 195.355 45–46 100–102 1209A-19H-6, 1209B-20H-5, 155.615 192.060 197.870 184.670 195.060 171.470 100–102 1209B-20H-2, 166.170 45–461209A-20H-6, 188.680 199.370 100–102 1209B-20H-3, 189.810 190.550 202.370 175.085 190.180 169.950 193.855 100–102 1209B-20H-4, 163.145 192.060 197.870 199.30045–46 1209A-20H-4, 195.355 166.925 193.560 199.360 206.315 170.338 200.870 CP12b 179.140 196.300 110–111 1209C-10H-1, 174.030 199.890 182.579 203.315 171.470 175.565 204.574 175.085 NP13 CP12a 181.190 CP11 NP14 187.930 190.365 184.420 193.105 196.613 195.680 189.555 202.843 189.430 191.310 194.605 192.810 198.615 199.595 200.120 205.445 1209C-10H-6, 100–102 100–102 1209C-10H-6, 207.290 100–102 1209C-10H-6, 207.290 211.969 100–1021209C-10H-6, 211.969 100–102 1209C-10H-6, 0–2 1209C-11H-2, 207.290 207.290 100–102 1209C-10H-6, 0–2 1209C-11H-2, 211.969 207.290 211.969 01209B-21H-CC, 0–2 1209C-11H-2, 208.410 211.969 01209B-21H-CC, 0–2 1209C-11H-2, 208.410 215.192 641209B-22H-1, 0–2 1209C-11H-2, 215.192 208.410 127 1209B-22H-1, 208.560 CP10 208.410 1271209B-22H-1, 215.192 208.560 215.580 208.410 215.192 46–47 NP121209A-22H-3, 215.580 210.55012 1209B-22H-1, 211.180 215.192 50–52 1209C-12H-2, 12 1209B-22H-1, 217.254 215.860 217.945 211.180 50–521209C-12H-5, 207.850 70 1209B-22H-1, 220.070 223.105 132 1209B-22H-1, 50–52 217.9451209C-12H-6, 213.581 210.030 227.300 46–47 1209A-22H-4, 224.580 45–46 1209A-23H-4, 132 1209B-22H-1, 210.030 226.070 216.683 50–52 1209C-12H-3, 231.800 217.360 228.305 210.610 211.230 216.683 233.225 50–52 1209C-12H-6, 221.570 224.605 235.713 217.319 218.00045–46 207.850 1209A-23H-3, 211.230 228.800 45–46 226.080 1209A-23H-5, 213.581 218.000 207.850 CP8b CP9 226.800 207.850 233.225 213.581 CP8a 229.805 207.850 234.213 213.581 213.581 237.256 NP9 CP6 CP5 220.820 209.295 216.610 210.580 228.050 NP6 209.295 216.132 223.855 217.287 211.205 216.132 217.973 229.055 211.205 226.435 225.330 236.485 217.973 233.719 232.513 spp. 100–102 1209C-10H-5, 205.800 210.595 100–102 1209C-10H-6, 207.300 211.968 206.550 211.282 sp. 100–102 1209B-19H-4, 184.170 189.300 0–2 1209B-19H-5, 184.670 189.810 184.420 189.555 Zonal and other key datum, Site 1209. ( 1209. Site datum, key other and Zonal E. subdisticha E. Event E. formosa E. barbadiensis D. C. grandis solitus C. C. gigas R. umbilicus gigas C. N. fulgens R. inflata D. sublodoensis crassus C. D. lodoensis D. lodoensis D. diastypus eodela C. D. multiradiatus D. mohleri H. kleinpellii D. multiradiatus D. D. saipanensis C. dela fulgens N. C. crassus C. cribellum inflata R. orthostylus T. nascens L. F. tympaniformis tympaniformis F. C. tenuis H. kleinpellii C. cribellum Chiphragmalithus T. carinatus T. S. predistentus pseudoradians S. bisectus D. scrippsae D. S. obtusus S. furcatolithoides S. spiniger dictyoda R. C. grandis S. radians S. orthostylus T. S. editus barbadiensis D. eograndis C. Z. bijugatus Nannotetrina LAD FAD FAD FAD LAD acme Base LAD LAD FAD LAD FAD LAD LAD FAD FAD FAD LAD FAD LAD FAD FAD FAD FAD LAD LAD LAD FAD LAD FAD FAD LAD FAD FAD FAD FAD FAD FAD FAD FAD LAD FAD FAD FAD LAD FAD FAD LAD FAD FAD Table T4. T. BRALOWER DATA REPORT: CALCAREOUS NANNOFOSSIL BIOSTRATIGRAPHY 11 y, 1980, M71 = Martini, 1971.y, Lower depth Zone Datum mean interval (cm) Lower core, section, m. Bold = zonal markers or primary events. OB80 = Okada and Bukr markers or primary = Okada m. OB80 zonal = Bold events. Upper depth Upper (mcd) (rmcd) (mcd) (rmcd) OB80 M71 (mcd) (rmcd) interval (cm) Upper core, section, 1209A-23H-4, 45–46 45–46 1209A-23H-4, 100–1021209C-13H-5, 228.300 235.840 235.713 0–21209C-13H-7, 243.260 45–46 45–46 1209A-23H-5, 1209A-24H-6, 100–102 1209C-13H-6, 45–46 1209A-24H-7, 237.340 237.850 100–102 1209C-14H-4, 229.800 240.185 244.760 241.680 243.180 245.270 0–2 1209C-14H-7, 237.256 249.935 251.256 252.822 CP4 110–111 1209A-25H-5, 45–46 1209A-24H-5, 45–46 1209A-24H-7, 250.080 115–116 1209C-14H-3, 100–101 1209C-14H-5, 246.660 241.810 NP5 260.085 241.685 244.680 238.685 256.395 251.550 100–101 1209A-25H-6, 251.256 254.294 248.435110–111 1209A-25H-3, 251.480 236.590 247.090 CP3 261.485 244.010 257.042 CP1b NP4 CP2 NP2 229.050 236.485 243.930 NP3 253.558 250.780 260.785 246.875 241.745 240.935 238.268 256.719 251.403 250.596 246.853 spp. 100–102 1209C-13H-6, 237.340 244.760 0-2 1209C-13H-7, 237.840 245.270 237.590 245.015 Event F. tympaniformis F. E. macellus danicus C. tenuis C. C. bidens S. anarrhopus S. Fasciculithus S. primus pertusus T. FAD FAD FAD FAD FAD FAD FAD FAD FAD K/T boundary 96 1209C-15H-3, 251.590 261.580 CP1a NP1 251.590 261.580 Table T4 (continued). Table datu appearance first = datum, FAD appearance LAD = last Notes: T. BRALOWER DATA REPORT: CALCAREOUS NANNOFOSSIL BIOSTRATIGRAPHY 12 Lower depth Zone Datum mean Continued on next page.) interval (cm) Lower core, section, See table notes. Upper depth (mcd) (rmcd) (mcd) (rmcd) OB80 M71 (mcd) (rmcd) interval (cm) Upper core, section, 1210B-13H-2, 70-711210B-13H-2, 21-221210B-13H-7, 21-221210B-13H-7, 130.015 144-1451210A-14H-2, 137.025 130.015 45-461210A-14H-3, 137.025 137.335 137.025 70-71 45-46 1210B-13H-3, 1210A-14H-3, 137.025 137.335144-145 45-46 1210A-14H-2, 1210A-14H-4, 137.835144-145 45-46 1210A-14H-2, 1210A-14H-4, 45-46 1210A-14H-3, 131.515 137.835 136.335 137.835 45-461210A-15H-1, 139.335 136.335 131.515 137.835 136.335 45-461210A-15H-2, 45-46 1210A-14H-4, 137.835 139.335 139.335 136.335 1-21210A-15H-5, 45-46 1210A-14H-4, CP16c CP16b 146.565 137.835 139.335 1-21210A-15H-5, 45-46 1210A-14H-5, CP16a NP22 148.065 139.335 146.825 100-1021210B-15H-2, 45-46 1210A-14H-5, CP15 139.335 148.325 45-46 139.335 1210A-15H-2, 50-511210B-15H-3, 152.125 130.765 140.835 139.335 152.700 0-11210B-15H-4, 45-46 1210A-15H-3, 152.112 152.385 140.835 130.765 140.835 45-461210A-16H-3, 152.960 136.680 148.065 153.695 152.385100-102 1210B-15H-2, 140.835 50-511210B-16H-3, 50-51 1210B-15H-3, 136.680 136.680 148.325 149.565 153.955100-102 1210B-15H-2, 50-511210B-16H-5, 154.695 160.215 136.680 152.700 149.825 0-1 50-51 1210B-15H-4, 1210B-16H-5, 137.585 CP14b 154.955 164.075 152.700 160.475 152.960 45-461210A-17H-2, 153.695 NP21 137.585 NP17 167.075 50-51 1210B-15H-5, 164.335 152.960 45-461210A-17H-4, 45-46 1210A-16H-4, NP20 153.955 167.075 167.335 100-101 45-46 1210B-16H-4, 1210A-17H-4, 138.585 147.315 154.695 169.005 167.335 45-461210A-18H-2, 50-51 138.585 1210B-16H-6, 140.085 138.585 156.695 147.575 154.955 172.005 161.715 169.492 166.075 45-461210A-18H-4, 50-51 1210B-16H-6, 138.585 140.085 156.955 172.005 172.626 45-46 161.975 1210A-17H-3, 166.335 CP14a 179.385 168.575 172.626 140-1411210B-18H-2, 45-46 1210A-17H-5, 140.085 CP13c CP13b 182.385 168.575 179.875 140-1411210B-18H-2, 45-46 168.835 1210A-17H-5, 140.085 170.505 184.445 183.005 100-1011210B-18H-4, 45-46 168.835 1210A-18H-3, 148.815 170.992 173.505 184.445 100-101 185.0651210B-18H-4, 45-46 1210A-18H-5, 152.413 149.075 173.505 174.125 187.045 48-491210A-19H-2, 185.065 152.406 100-101 1210B-18H-3, 152.673 153.198 154.195 CP13a 180.885 174.125 187.045 187.665 100-101 1210B-18H-3, 152.673 153.458 154.455 155.695 NP15 165.075 183.885 181.505 185.545 187.665 100-101 1210B-18H-5, CP13a 155.955 190.275 165.335 184.505 186.165 185.545 100-101 1210B-18H-5, 169.755 191.095 160.965 188.545 186.165 170.242 CP12b 47-48 1210A-19H-3, 188.545 161.225 189.165 167.825 189.165 167.825 168.085 191.765 172.755 NP13 168.085 192.585 173.376 172.755 184.995 183.135 173.376 CP12a 185.615 180.135 183.755 NP14 180.690 184.995 191.020 187.795 185.615 191.840 187.795 188.415 188.415 1210B-19H-3, 50-511210B-19H-3, 50-511210B-19H-4, 50-511210B-19H-5, 195.845 50-511210B-19H-6, 197.345 196.665 50-511210B-19H-6, 198.845 198.165 50-511210B-19H-6, 50-51 1210B-19H-4, 200.345 199.665 50-511210B-19H-6, 50-51 1210B-19H-5, 200.345 201.165 50-521210B-20H-1, 50-51 1210B-19H-6, 200.345 197.345 201.16545-46 10 1210A-20H-3, 1210B-20H-2, 200.345 198.845 201.165 1001210B-20H-3, 198.165 45-46 1210A-20H-3, 201.790 200.345 201.165 0-11210B-20H-6, 199.665 45-46 1210A-20H-3, 201.195 203.904 100-1021210B-21H-3, 201.165 45-46 1210A-20H-3, 203.305 201.195 50-52 100-102 1210B-20H-2, 1210B-21H-5, 202.910 205.280 201.195 214.950 203.305 45-461210A-22H-2, 204.990 CP10 207.390 208.785 201.195 217.950 203.305 42-43 217.0601210A-22H-3, 90 1210B-20H-2, 110 1210B-20H-3, 203.290 209.995 203.305 601210A-22H-3, 220.060 NP12 100-102 1210B-21H-4, 220.03548-49 205.380 1210A-21H-2, 100-1021210B-22H-5, 50-51 1210B-21H-6, 221.505 222.145 216.450 200.770 CP9 229.080 223.615 118 1210A-22H-2, 218.560 196.595 202.235 203.710 205.380 209.325 221.680 231.190 45-46 218.945 1210A-22H-4, 198.095 197.415 205.790 207.490 211.432 CP8a 223.790 0-2 1210B-22H-6, 199.595 221.055 198.915 70 1210A-22H-3, 200.415 NP9 220.760 CP8b 223.035 200.770 222.870 225.145 200.770 202.235 202.540 229.580 215.700 200.770 202.235 CP6 204.642 231.690 217.810 221.780 202.235 223.890 CP4 209.055 CP5 210.714 203.310 205.330 NP5 218.448 205.390 207.440 NP6 220.398 220.558 229.330 222.508 222.270 231.440 221.730 224.380 223.840 spp. 50-51 1210B-19H-3, 195.845 196.665 50-51 1210B-19H-4, 197.345 198.165 196.595 197.415 sp. 45-46 1210A-18H-5, 183.885 184.505 140-141 1210B-18H-2, 184.445 185.065 184.165 184.785 47-48 1210A-19H-3, 191.765 192.585 47-48 1210A-19H-4, 193.265 194.085 CP11 192.515 193.335 Zonal and other key datum, Site 1210. ( 1210. Site datum, key other and Zonal E. subdisticha E. Event S. furcatolithoides E. formosa E. barbadiensis D. C. grandis solitus C. C. gigas R. umbilicus gigas C. N. fulgens R. inflata D. sublodoensis crassus C. D. lodoensis D. lodoensis D. diastypus eodela C. D. multiradiatus H. kleinpellii tympaniformis F. D. saipanensis C. dela fulgens N. C. crassus C. cribellum inflata R. orthostylus T. nascens L. D. multiradiatus D. F. tympaniformis tympaniformis F. H. kleinpellii S. predistentus pseudoradians S. bisectus D. scrippsae D. S. obtusus S. spiniger carinatus T. Nannotetrina dictyoda R. C. grandis Chiphragmalithus C. cribellum radians S. orthostylus T. S. editus barbadiensis D. Z. bijugatus anarrhopus S. D. mohleri FAD LAD acme Base LAD LAD FAD LAD FAD LAD LAD FAD FAD LAD FAD FAD LAD FAD. FAD LAD FAD FAD LAD LAD FAD LAD FAD FAD FAD LAD FAD FAD FAD LAD FAD FAD FAD FAD FAD FAD FAD LAD FAD FAD FAD LAD FAD FAD FAD FAD Table T5. T. BRALOWER DATA REPORT: CALCAREOUS NANNOFOSSIL BIOSTRATIGRAPHY 13 y, 1980, M71 = Martini, 1971.y, Lower depth Zone Datum mean interval (cm) Lower core, section, m. Bold = zonal markers or primary events. OB80 = Okada and Bukr markers or primary = Okada m. OB80 zonal = Bold events. Upper depth (mcd) (rmcd) (mcd) (rmcd) OB80 M71 (mcd) (rmcd) interval (cm) Upper core, section, 1210A-23H-2, 47-481210A-23H-2, 47-481210A-23H-2, 93-941210A-23H-3, 230.855 93-941210A-23H-3, 230.855 232.965 100-1021210B-23H-4, 232.815 232.965 93-94 1210A-23H-3, 45-461210A-24H-2, 232.815 238.590 234.925 93-94 1210A-23H-3, 234.925 240.700 27-28 1210A-23H-4, 232.815 241.305 27-28 1210A-23H-4, 100-102 1210B-23H-5, 234.925 232.815 243.325 233.655 45-46 234.925 1210A-24H-3, 240.090 CP3 233.655 235.765 242.200 235.765 NP4 242.805 CP2 244.825 NP3 231.835 CP1b 233.945 NP2 239.340 241.450 231.835 242.055 233.235 233.945 244.075 233.235 235.345 235.345 spp. 47-48 1210A-23H-2, 230.855 232.965 93-94 1210A-23H-3, 232.815 234.925 231.835 233.945 Event E. macellus danicus C. tenuis C. Fasciculithus C. bidens S. primus pertusus T. FAD FAD FAD FAD FAD FAD FAD K/T Boundary51 1210A-24H-4, 244.360 246.380 CP1a NP1 244.36 246.380 Table T5 (continued). Table datu appearance first = datum, FAD appearance LAD = last Notes: T. BRALOWER DATA REPORT: CALCAREOUS NANNOFOSSIL BIOSTRATIGRAPHY 14 Lower depth Zone Datum mean Continued on next page.) interval (cm) Lower core, section, See table notes. Upper depth Upper (mcd) (rmcd) (mcd) (rmcd) OB80 M71 (mcd) (rmcd) interval (cm) Upper core, section, 1211C-8H-7, 30–311211C-8H-7, 52–531211C-9H-4, 52–531211C-9H-4, 79.955 102–1031211C-9H-5, 85.895 102–1031211C-9H-5, 79.955 85.895 87.895 105–1061211A-10H-1, 85.895 100–101 1211-9H-3, 87.895 107–1081211A-10H-3, 85.895102–103 1211C-9H-5, 89.005 87.895 45–461211A-10H-6, 102–103 1211C-9H-5, 87.895 92.025 22–23 1211C-9H-6, 80.435 120–1211211C-10H-4, 87.924 87.895 22–23 1211C-9H-6, 0–11211C-10H-5, 90.945 133–134 1211-10H-2, 87.895 95.905 80.435 97.195 100–101 87.8951211C-10H-5, 108–109 1211-10H-4, 88.595 100–101 87.8951211C-10H-5, 93.928 96.045 90.835 CP16c 88.595 98.495 CP16b 100–1011211C-10H-5, 88.59545–46 1211-10H-7, 0–1 1211C-10H-5, 93.535 97.495 98.495 89.665 CP16a 100–1011211C-10H-5, 88.595 97.345 98.495 92.005 96.365 100–1011211C-10H-5, 97.345 0–1 1211C-10H-6, CP15 98.495 100–101 1211C-10H-5, 50–511211C-10H-6, 97.345 96.905 0–1 1211C-10H-6, 97.495 98.495 45–461211A-11H-2, 97.345 0–1 1211C-10H-6, 98.495 94.878 80.195 45–461211A-11H-2, 96.365 97.345 0–1 1211C-10H-6, 86.895 99.495 98.995 45–461211A-11H-3, 97.345 NP21 0–1 1211C-10H-6, 86.895 80.195 99.745 98.995 86.895 NP20 98.345 45–46 97.8451211A-11H-3, 99.745 98.995 86.895 98.852 45–461211A-11H-3, 101.245 97.845 45–46 1211-11H-2, 89.920 98.995 88.245 CP14b 98.852 101.245 45–46 97.8451211A-11H-4, 45–46 1211-11H-3, 100.345 98.995 92.780 88.245 NP17 88.795 45–461211B-11H-5, 101.245 97.845 45–46 1211-11H-3, 100.345 88.245 45–46 1211-11H-4, CP14a 20–21 91.475 97.8451211B-11H-7, 102.745 99.745 88.245 100.345 45–46 1211-11H-4, 101.245 50–511211C-11H-6, 106.795 101.83445–46 98.745 1211-11H-4, 101.245 98.852 100.345 102.745 CP13c 108.845 105.74045–46 1211-11H-5, 100.345 102.745 97.595 101.834 110.235 45–461211A-12H-3, 96.405 107.610 45–46 1211B-11H-6, CP13b 97.345 102.745 101.834 45–461211A-12H-5, 109.555 100–101 1211C-11H-5, CP13a 97.995 94.403 104.245 101.835 45–461211A-12H-6, 98.745 111.175 96.205 45–46 1211-12H-3, 108.295 109.235 CP13a 103.155 45–461211A-12H-6, 114.175 96.855 111.085 107.141 108.555 NP15 97.595 98.745 115.675 45–461211B-12H-5, 113.89345–46 1211-12H-4, 98.745 111.175 115.675 115.272 97.595 45–46 1211-12H-6, 100.495 98.745 101.995 111.085 97.595 116.935 115.272 45–46 1211B-12H-5, 100.495 101.090 112.675 99.599 116.845 97.595 45–46 1211B-12H-5, CP12b 115.675 112.585 99.599 99.620 116.935 45–46 1211B-12H-6, NP13 115.272 101.995 116.845 116.935 98.599 101.090 118.435 116.845 109.040 101.995 CP12a 118.288 108.083 103.495 101.09 NP14 110.705 107.545 102.495 CP11 110.32 106.441 116.305 116.059 111.925 114.925 111.835 117.685 114.583 116.305 117.567 116.059 1211C-12H-5, 100–1011211C-12H-5, 97–981211C-12H-6, 120.065 40–421211A-13H-4, 120.365 121.535 102–1041211A-13H-5, 97–98 1211C-12H-6, 102–1041211A-13H-5, 123.700 125.820 121.869 102–1041211A-13H-5, 123.870 125.820 0–1 125.990 1211C-12H-7, 121.535 102–1041211A-13H-5, 125.820102–104 1211-13H-5, 125.990 101–103 1211-13H-6, 121.869 11211A-13H-6, 125.820 125.990101–103 1211-13H-6, 125.820 127.160 11211A-13H-6, 121.565 125.990101–103 1211-13H-6, 125.990 127.276 127.160 101211A-13H-6, 121.903101–103 1211-13H-6, 127.160 0–11211C-13H-6, 127.276 CP10 126.150 127.160 45–461211A-14H-2, 127.276 126.150 126.320 45–461211A-14H-4, 127.276 NP12 126.240 126.320 131.1855 1211-13H-6, 131.755 45–461211A-14H-5, 126.4105 130.933 1211-13H-6, 55–561211B-14H-4, 134.755 131.795 126.49013 1211-13H-6, 136.255 60–611211B-14H-4, 45–46 1211-14H-2, 134.795 45–46 1211-14H-3, 126.633 120.800 60–61 137.4951211B-14H-6, 136.29545–46 1211-14H-5, 121.117 137.545 137.595 45–46 1211-14H-6, 126.190 131.755 133.255 140.545 124.760 137.645 57–58 126.190 1211B-14H-4, 121.550 126.360 126.270 131.795 136.255 133.295 140.645 124.93 126.490 60–61 1211B-14H-5, 126.360 121.886 126.440 137.755 136.295 126.490 10–11 137.515 1211B-14H-7, 126.633 CP8b CP8a 137.769 CP9 126.490 126.633 137.615 139.045 NP9 141.545 126.633 139.145 CP6 CP5 141.645 132.505 NP6 CP4 132.545 131.470 131.364 NP5 126.170 126.170 137.505 126.34 137.005 126.34 126.255 137.605 135.505 141.045 137.032 126.425 135.545 141.145 138.295 138.395 spp. 100–101 1211C-12H-5, 120.065 120.365 97–98 1211C-12H-6, 121.535 121.869 120.800 121.117 sp. 50–51 1211C-11H-6, 110.235 109.555 45–46 1211-12H-3, 111.175 111.085 110.705 110.32 Zonal and other key datum, Site 1211. ( 1211. Site datum, key other and Zonal E. subdisticha E. Event S. furcatolithoides E. formosa E. barbadiensis D. C. grandis solitus C. C. gigas inflata R. R. umbilicus gigas C. N. fulgens R. inflata D. sublodoensis crassus C. D. lodoensis eodela C. D. multiradiatus D. mohleri H. kleinpellii tympaniformis F. D. saipanensis C. dela fulgens N. C. crassus C. cribellum orthostylus T. nascens L. D. multiradiatus D. F. tympaniformis tympaniformis F. H. kleinpellii Chiphragmalithus R. dictyoda R. S. predistentus pseudoradians S. bisectus D. S. obtusus scrippsae D. S. spiniger carinatus T. Nannotetrina C. grandis C. cribellum S. editus barbadiensis D. radians S. orthostylus T. D. diastypus Z. bijugatus anarrhopus S. FAD FAD LAD acme Base LAD FAD LAD LAD FAD LAD FAD FAD LAD LAD FAD FAD LAD FAD. FAD LAD FAD FAD LAD LAD FAD LAD FAD FAD LAD FAD FAD FAD LAD FAD FAD FAD FAD FAD FAD LAD FAD FAD FAD FAD LAD FAD FAD FAD FAD Table T6. T. BRALOWER DATA REPORT: CALCAREOUS NANNOFOSSIL BIOSTRATIGRAPHY 15 y, 1980, M71 = Martini, 1971.y, Lower depth Zone Datum mean interval (cm) Lower core, section, m. Bold = zonal markers or primary events. OB80 = Okada and Bukr markers or primary = Okada m. OB80 zonal = Bold events. Upper depth Upper (mcd) (rmcd) (mcd) (rmcd) OB80 M71 (mcd) (rmcd) interval (cm) Upper core, section, 1211A-15H-1, 45–461211A-15H-1, 45–461211A-15H-1, Indeterminable 142.015 45–461211A-15H-2, 142.015 141.571 45–461211A-15H-2, 141.57145–46 1211-15H-2, 143.515 45–461211A-15H-3, 45–46 1211-15H-2, 143.515 143.085 143.515 145.015 143.085 45–46 1211-15H-3, 143.515 143.085 144.58545–46 1211-15H-3, 143.085 45–46 1211-15H-4, 145.015 145.015 144.585 146.515 144.585 CP2 146.085 Indeterminble NP3 CP1b NP2 144.265 142.765 142.765 143.835 142.328 145.765 142.328 145.335 144.265 143.835 CP3 NP4 spp. 45–46 1211A-15H-1, 142.015 141.57145–46 1211-15H-2, 143.515 143.085 142.765 142.328 Event E. macellus danicus C. tenuis C. S. primus Fasciculithus C. bidens pertusus T. FAD FAD FAD FAD FAD FAD FAD K/T Boundary146 1211A-15H-4, 147.52 147.09 CP1a NP1 147.52 147.09 Table T6 (continued). Table datu appearance first = datum, FAD appearance LAD = last Notes: