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Video Transcript – Unlocking Hidden Worlds Through Archaeology and Archives Video Transcript – Unlocking Hidden Worlds through Archaeology and Archives Maggy Benson: Wow! Maggy Benson: Hi everyone. Welcome to the Smithsonian Science How. We're so happy to have you here today with us. I'm an educator here at the Smithsonian's National Museum of Natural History, and we have so many objects at the Smithsonian that we can't fit them all into our museum. So today we're behind the scenes and we're going to show you some of these objects. We're going to talk about some research and meet one of our experts that works here at the museum. My name is Maggy Benson and I'm joined by Emmanuel Kyei-Baffour. Emmanuel Kyei-B: Hello everyone. It is so great to be here with you all today. Be sure to connect with us through our chat room and answer one of our polls that we actually have up right now. And our poll question is, what do you collect? So let us know about your collections in our poll and we'll be sure to answer any questions you have during the show in our live chat. Maggy Benson: Yeah. Even though we can't see you, we can see your questions, so Lincoln, Corin, we can see your questions out there, so keep them coming and we'll do our best to get to as many as we can. Emmanuel Kyei-B: Awesome. Maggy Benson: And while you're thinking about that poll question, "What do you collect?" Emmanuel, what do you collect? Emmanuel Kyei-B: Well, I have an extensive collection of shoes, sneakers to be exact. As you can see here on the screen, this is my sneaker pile. Not quite the way the Smithsonian organizes their collections, but you know. Maggy Benson: I liked a couple of those pairs. Emmanuel Kyei-B: Thanks. Maggy Benson: I saw a pair of zebras in there. Emmanuel Kyei-B: Oh yeah, those are one of my favorites. Maggy Benson: And we're sitting here today in the Smithsonian's Museum Support Center and it looks like everything here is a lot more organized than some of the collections I had when I was a kid. Emmanuel Kyei-B: Yeah. And we're here in Suitland, Maryland with our expert. Page 1 of 15 Maggy Benson: Yeah. So hello, let's go to Molly now. We have Molly Kamph here from the Smithsonian to introduce us to our awesome topic today. Molly, thank you so much for having us. Molly Kamph: Yeah, thanks so much for coming. So my name is Molly, and welcome to the Smithsonian's Museum Support Center. So the Natural History Museum has about 146 million objects, and about half of them are stored here at the Smithsonian. Maggy Benson: Wow, that's amazing. Emmanuel Kyei-B: Wow. So looking at our poll right now, we see a lot of collections. I see some of my friends collect coins, rocks, stickers, Pokémon cards, Legos, baseball cards. Great collections, everyone. Super cool. Maggy Benson: What kind of collections do you have, Molly? Molly Kamph: Yeah, so my collection growing up was always a rock collection. I loved all the shiny ones you could buy at museum gift shops. Maggy Benson: Is that the kind of collection we're going to be learning about today? Molly Kamph: No. So the collection today, so this is one of the Natural History Museum's collections. [00:03:00] And these are the collections of Ralph and Rose Solecki, who were archeologists who are most famous for excavating the site of Shanidar Cave in Northern Iraq. Maggy Benson: And this is just a tiny piece of the collection here at the Smithsonian, right? Molly Kamph: Right, right. This is just one collection amongst many, and the objects we have out today are just a few amongst thousands of objects within just this one collection. Emmanuel Kyei-B: Wow. Maggy Benson: How big is this miss onions collection? Molly Kamph: Yeah, so it's 146 million objects and half of them are here at MSC. Maggy Benson: Wow. Emmanuel Kyei-B: Goodness. 146 million objects? Molly Kamph: Yep, yep. Emmanuel Kyei-B: Wow. So what are we going to be talking about today? What was found in Shanidar Cave? Page 2 of 15 Molly Kamph: Yeah. So Shanidar Cave is a really exciting archeological site. So Ralph and Rose excavated in the 1950s and '60s, and of course they found lots of specimens in terms of stone tools, but the most exciting thing they found were nine Neanderthal skeletons. Maggy Benson: Wow. So are we going to see any Neanderthals today? Molly Kamph: Yep. So we won't see any exactly. We won't see any Neanderthal skeletons, [00:04:00] but we will see lots of photos. We'll see tools that they made. We'll look at some samples that the Soleckis collected to learn more about Neanderthals. So you guys are in for a treat. Emmanuel Kyei-B: Awesome, okay. Maggy Benson: So you're kind of like a detective putting together some of these clues. Is that right? Molly Kamph: Absolutely. So here, I'll start off. Let's look first at a tool made by a Neanderthal. So I'll have you guys put on your gloves. Maggy Benson: Okay. Molly Kamph: So this is a- Maggy Benson: These ones? Molly Kamph: Yep. These are a very important step when handling objects. You want to make sure that the oils in your hands don't get onto the objects. Emmanuel Kyei-B: Awesome. Molly Kamph: All right. Let's see it. Emmanuel Kyei-B: Glove on. Maggy Benson: Gloves on. Molly Kamph: All right, so if we come in here, we'll get a close up before we handle it. Maggy Benson: All right. Molly Kamph: So this is a stone tool that was made by a Neanderthal. It doesn't look like that, right? Maggy Benson: That right there? Molly Kamph: Yeah. Page 3 of 15 Maggy Benson: So how can you tell that that's a tool and not just a rock? Molly Kamph: Yeah, absolutely. So human ancestors are known for creating stone tools, and so what they would do is take [00:05:00] a piece of rock, kind of like this, and with a harder piece of rock, or maybe even an antler or something, they would hit it and flake off little pieces of rock to then create a tool for whatever purpose they might need it for. Emmanuel Kyei-B: Can I touch that? Molly Kamph: Yeah, you absolutely can. Maggy Benson: Yeah, me too. Molly Kamph: So here. Let me grab it. Maggy Benson: So how old is this? Molly Kamph: Yeah, so Neanderthals lived from about 400,000 years to about 45,000 years ago. And we think that the Shanidar Neanderthals were around that 50 to 45 thousand years. So that's how old we think this tool might be. Maggy Benson: So Emmanuel right now is holding the same tool made by somebody that lived thousands of years ago. Emmanuel Kyei-B: Wow. Did the Neanderthals write these tiny little numbers on this tool? Molly Kamph: Yeah, that's a great question. So no, they didn't. This was actually written by Ralph and Rose Solecki, and it's a way that archeologists keep track of artifacts that they find in the field. Because these numbers, as we'll learn, actually correspond to a lot of the photos [00:06:00] and other archival materials that we have here in the collection. Emmanuel Kyei-B: Neat, neat. Maggy Benson: So does the number damage the tool in any way? Molly Kamph: No, it doesn't actually. So often you'll write on the artifacts in archival ink. So it's relatively safe for the artifact and it's a great way to keep track of what artifact and where it goes and all that. Emmanuel Kyei-B: So today we're going to have our detective hats on and be some archeologists information sleuths. Molly Kamph: Yeah, absolutely. That's a great way to put it. Page 4 of 15 Maggy Benson: Awesome. So you invited us to the Museum Support Center, where we are here today, last week to show us how you match up some of these object numbers to other things in the collection. We have a little video of it. Can you walk us through it? Molly Kamph: Yeah, absolutely. So this is the archaeobiology lab, where I work every day to try to catalog the artifacts. And so as you can see, it's a lot of stone tools. And what I look for when I'm looking at an artifact are the numbers on it. So you'll see that I'm kind of looking for the object number. [00:07:00] And I usually am able to find at least one or two. So what I found here is the red number, that 86. And so then I consult a catalog that Ralph and Rose Solecki created to see what they said about it. Where it's from, what the artifact might be, as well as sometimes you'll get an illustration that Ralph and Rose made of the artifact. Maggy Benson: Wow. So that number is really important for stringing all of those different pieces of information together. Molly Kamph: Exactly. The numbers are often that first clue. Emmanuel Kyei-B: Okay.
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