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Paul Anton De Lagarde Und „Die Juden“ 9 Der Nachlass Paul de Lagarde Europäisch-jüdische Studien Beiträge Herausgegeben vom Moses Mendelssohn Zentrum für europäisch-jüdische Studien, Potsdam Redaktion: Werner Treß Band 46 Der Nachlass Paul de Lagarde Orientalistische Netzwerke und antisemitische Verflechtungen Herausgegeben von Heike Behlmer, Thomas L. Gertzen und Orell Witthuhn Die freie Verfügbarkeit der E-Book-Ausgabe dieser Publikation wurde ermöglicht durch den Fachinformationsdienst Jüdische Studien an der Universitätsbibliothek J. C. Senckenberg Frankfurt am Main und 18 wissenschaftliche Bibliotheken, die die Open-Access-Transformation in den Jüdischen Studien unterstützen. ISBN 978-3-11-061247-9 e-ISBN (PDF) 978-3-11-061546-3 e-ISBN (EPUB) 978-3-11-061280-6 Dieses Werk ist lizenziert unter der Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Lizenz. Weitere Informationen finden Sie unter http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Das E-Book ist als Open-Access-Publikation verfügbar über www.degruyter.com, https://www.doabooks.org und https://www.oapen.org Library of Congress Control Number: 2020935553 Bibliografische Information der Deutschen Nationalbibliothek Die Deutsche Nationalbibliothek verzeichnet diese Publikation in der Deutschen Nationalbibliografie; detaillierte bibliografische Daten sind im Internet über http://dnb.dnb.de abrufbar. © 2020 Heike Behlmer, Thomas L. Gertzen, Orell Witthuhn, publiziert von Walter de Gruyter GmbH, Berlin/Boston. Umschlagabbildung: „Buchkapelle“ in der „Halle der Kultur“, Fotoaufnahme von der Buch- und Graphikausstellung (Bugra) von 1914 in Leipzig. Deutsches Literaturarchiv, Marbach / NL Diederichs. Druck und Bindung: CPI books GmbH, Leck www.degruyter.com Open-Access-Transformation in den Jüdischen Studien Open Access für exzellente Publikationen aus den Jüdischen Studien: Dies ist das Ziel der gemeinsamen Initiative des Fachinformationsdiensts Jüdische Studien an der Universitätsbib- liothek J. C. Senckenberg Frankfurt am Main und des Verlags Walter De Gruyter. Unterstützt von 18 Konsortialpartnern können 2020 insgesamt acht Neuerscheinungen im Open Access Gold- standard veröffentlicht werden, darunter auch diese Publikation. Die nachfolgenden wissenschaftlichen Einrichtungen haben sich an der Finanzierung beteiligt und fördern damit die Open-Access-Transformation in den Jüdischen Studien und gewährleisten die freie Verfügbarkeit für alle: Fachinformationsdienst Jüdische Studien, Universitätsbibliothek J. C. Senckenberg Frankfurt am Main Staatsbibliothek zu Berlin – Preußischer Kulturbesitz Universitätsbibliothek der Freien Universität Berlin Universitätsbibliothek der Technischen Universität Berlin Universitäts- und Landesbibliothek Düsseldorf Universitätsbibliothek der Europa-Universität Viadrina Frankfurt (Oder) Bibliothek der Vereinigten Theologischen Seminare der Georg-August-Universität Göttingen Niedersächsische Staats- und Universitätsbibliothek Göttingen Universitäts- und Landesbibliothek Sachsen-Anhalt Staats- und Universitätsbibliothek Hamburg – Carl von Ossietzky Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz Bibliothek – Niedersächsische Landesbibliothek Hochschule für Jüdische Studien Heidelberg Universitäts- und Stadtbibliothek Köln Universitätsbibliothek Mainz Universitätsbibliothek der Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München Universitäts- und Landesbibliothek Münster Herzog August Bibliothek Wolfenbüttel Universitätsbibliothek Wuppertal Inhalt Julius H. Schoeps Geleitwort 1 Heike Behlmer,ThomasL.Gertzen, OrellWitthuhn Vorwort 5 Ina Ulrike Paul, Berlin Paul Anton de Lagarde und „die Juden“ 9 I Quellenkunde/Quellenedition Bärbel Mund und Johannes Mangei Der Nachlass Paul de Lagarde in den Spezialsammlungen der Niedersächsischen Staats- und Universitätsbibliothek Göttingen 33 II Paul de Lagarde unddie deutsche (Alt‐)Orientalistik FelixWiedemann Draht nach Baltimore Paul de Lagardeund Paul Haupt – Antisemitismus und Kolonialismus 45 Heike Behlmer Paul de Lagarde und die Geschichte der (Göttinger) Ägyptologie 69 Michael Knüppel Paul de Lagarde und Titus von Bostra Zurmanichäologischen Forschung vor der Entdeckung der manichäischen Selbstzeugnisse 81 Susanne Voss Paul de Lagarde als Doktorvater – Georg Steindorff und die völkische Ägyptologie 93 VIII Inhalt III „Akademischer“ Antisemitismus undvölkische Ideologie Gideon Botsch und Werner Treß Moderner Antisemitismus undSattelzeit Das Beispiel Paul de Lagarde 111 Uwe Puschner Mehr als ein Adjektiv Völkisch: Bewegung, Weltanschauung, Traditionen 127 Armin Lange Antisemitismus und biblische Textkritik bei Paul de Lagarde et al. 147 ThomasL.Gertzen Orientalismus und Antisemitismus Vergleichende Betrachtungen zu Ernest Renan, Paul de Lagarde, EduardMeyer und Friedrich Delitzsch 167 Literaturverzeichnis 191 Personenverzeichnis 223 Verzeichnisarchivalischer Quellen 227 Julius H. Schoeps Geleitwort* Im Sommer 2017 hat sich der Allgemeine Studierendenausschuss mit der klaren Forderung: „Keine Huldigung für Antisemiten an der Universität Göttingen“ an deren Präsidium gewandt. Darin kritisierte der AStA eine „Verharmlosung“ von Lagardes Gedankengutseitens der Ägyptologie und Koptologie und warf der Universität insgesamt,ebenso wie der Göttinger Akademie der Wissenschaften vor, einen „verstörenden“ Umgang mit diesem geistigen Erbe zu pflegen. Statt einer „kritischenEinordung“ und einer „damit zwingend verbundenen Distan- zierung“ fände man aufden Internetseiten der betreffenden Institutionen nur „verklärende Bezugnahmen“.¹ Sowohl das Engagement als auch die zentrale Forderungder Studierenden kann ich natürlich nur voll und ganz unterstützen. Beider Kritik an den genannten Institutionen, möchte ich hingegen zu etwas mehr Differenziertheit mahnen.Zumal gerade die Göttinger Ägyptologensich nicht nur seit langem um ein Projekt zur Auseinandersetzung mit ihrer manchmal schwierigen Fachgeschichte bemüht haben, sondern die Lehrstuhlinhaberin HeikeBehlmer auch sehroffen und entgegenkommend aufdie durch den AStA vorgebrachte Kritik reagiert hatte, wasaberinder späteren öffentlichenDarstel- lungder Diskussion bedauerlicherweise keinerlei Niederschlag gefunden hat.Vor allem aber möchteich mit meinem Geleitwort eine Frageaufwerfen: Kann man den Wissenschaftler Lagarde trennen vondem Antisemiten La- garde? Diese Frageist für den vorliegenden Tagungsband tatsächlichessentiell, denn, wenn man eine „Aufspaltung“ der Persönlichkeit Lagardes in dem durch die Fragestellungformulierten Sinne vornehmen könnte, dann wäre ja im Grunde alles klar: Lagarde den Antisemiten lehnen wir ab;Lagarde den Wissenschaftler können wir – im Rahmen einer kritischenWissenschaftsgeschichte – entspre- chend einordnen, seine Leistungenvielleicht sogar würdigen. Dann wäre eine weitere Auseinandersetzung mit dem Themakaummehr nötig.ZuRecht wäre das Engagement vonHeikeBehlmer und ihren Kollegen in dieserSache in den Hin- tergrund gerückt und die Ägyptologen selbst könnten sich ja für eigentlich „nicht * Der Text gibt im Wesentlichendie Aussageinhalte der am 15.Januar 2018 zur Eröffnungdes Workshops in Göttingengesprochenen Grußwortewieder. Vgl. den „offenen Brief“ aufder Homepage des AStA: https://asta.uni-goettingen.de/offener- brief-keine-huldigung-fuer-antisemiten-an-der-universitaet-goettingen/ (01.11.2018). OpenAccess. ©2020 Julius H. Schoeps, publiziert von De Gruyter. Dieses Werk ist lizenziert unter der CreativeCommons Attribution 4.0 International. https:// doi.org/10.1515/9783110615463-001 2 Julius H. Schoeps zuständig“ erklären und das Feld Historikern, Politologen und Antisemitismus- forschernüberlassen. Interessanterweise ist eine solche „Zweiteilung“ Lagardes schon früher ver- treten worden, etwa vondem Göttinger Iranisten Hans Heinrich Schaeder,der in einer 1941verfassten Würdigung Lagardes dessen „Sendung“ und „Mahnrufean das deutsche Volk“–dem damaligen Zeitgeistentsprechend – als vollauf be- stätigt ansah, sich vondessen wissenschaftlichenLeistungenaberweit weniger angetan zeigte.² Nach 1945vertrat der deutsch-amerikanische Historiker Fritz Stern eine ähnliche Einschätzung:Mochten Lagardes wissenschaftliche Leistungen zu sei- ner Zeit auch eine gewisse Bedeutung gehabt haben,wärensie jedoch bald darauf fachlich überholtgewesen und nur seinen politisch-weltanschaulichen Schriften ein wirkliches (nunmehr eindeutig negativbewertetes) Nachwirken beschieden gewesen.³ In jüngster Zeit haben Historiker allerdings einen anderen Ansatz verfolgt: Mit der vonUlrich Sieg verfassten Biografie⁴ rückte Lagardewieder als Ganzes und auch als Person in den Fokus.Die amerikanische HistorikerinSuzanne Marchand kam in ihrer Studiezum deutschen Orientalismus zu dem Schluss,dass Lagarde Teil der Fachgeschichte UND der überdie Disziplin hinausweisendenWechsel- wirkungenindie umgebende Gesellschaft gewesen ist.⁵ Michael Lattke schließ- lich erkannteinLagardes „Antisemitismus und seinem Verständnis des Alten Testaments“ sogar einen „genetischen Zusammenhang“.⁶ Um nicht missverstandenzuwerden: Meine Frage, ob manden Wissenschaftler Lagarde vondem Antisemiten unterscheiden kann und soll, ist nichtmit „Ja“ oder „Nein“ zu beantworten. Aber aufder anderen Seite gilt für Lagarde dasselbe wiefür Richard Wagner. Auch bei Wagner fragt man zurecht,obman seine Musik vonseinem Antijuda- ismus ohne Weiteres trennen kann. Er selbsthat das ja aufdas heftigste bestritten. Er sah sein Schaffen als ein „Gesamtkunstwerk“ an,vondem er meinte, dass darin seine Musik und seine Weltanschauunguntrennbar verbunden seien. Vgl. Schaeder,Hans Heinrich: Paul de Lagarde als Orientforscher.Zuseinem Gedenken am 22.Dezember 1941. In: Orientalistische Literaturzeitung45.1/2
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