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JOIN THE HOUSING ACTION DAY 28.03.2020 The grabbing Repression Repression, Housing for people – not for profit! of private property and criminalisation eviction and Information for actions in Europe can be found on the page of the European Action Coalition for the Right to Housing & to the City and the struggle of the housing dispossession in www.housingnotprofit.org The call in many languages, information material against auctions movement New Democracy’s and further information can also be found on the website www.housing-action-day.net in Greece today in Serbia Greece

on the problems that come as Instead, City officials bypass the debt the Kukor family had towards goes back about a decade. At witnesses justified the necessity housing, as well as the economic their right to housing has left Since New Democracy News from Athens, results from Airbnb and Golden law in order to remove the family the ex-husband on the basis of his the peak of the debt crisis, in of the movement’s actions in IN RECENT YEARS the country insecurity faced by many people due ON A COLD MORNING in many in a state of constant fear. DIMITRIS INDARES was still in his was elected with a “law and 15.02.2020 Visa program and we have formed from the profitable land. The court expenses. The total sum of 2011, the government attempted the promotion of social justice. has been hit by four memorandums to unstable economic conditions. the autumn of 2017, a group of The crackdown on housing rights pyjamas when the police knocked order” agenda last July, the certain proposals on the issue. Also property has been erased from the around 2.000 euros was too much to balance its budget through a The defendant was cleared of all – or government bailouts – and Significantly, since historically the neighbours, family members and didn’t go unanswered. Individual on his door in the neighbourhood police have been acting like Housing Crisis and we have made many proposals on register even though they have for a poor family living on social regressive tax on homeowners, charges. a programme of austerity has prices of land and buildings were housing activists rally to a call acts of resistance led to a formation of Koukaki, in Athens, in the early an occupation army in Greek Movements Today the use of empty buildings for social been living in it since 1982. On the benefits. The Roof intervened controversially collected through Not only has the movement ensued. This precarious and relatively stable or increasing, the of a family in distress. They are of a nationwide movement and hours of Wednesday, December 18. cities, routinely violating human housing and primarily on the need 15th of October, the demolition and visited the bailiffs office and the electricity bill. Lower and not been intimidated by the unstable situation has given rise to act of investing family savings into locked inside their apartment, an organisation that stands at the Not long after that, he was lying rights and dignity. Arbitrary MANY PEOPLE BELIEVE that for the formation of an Observatory of their home was enabled by a demanded that he renounce his 500 middle class households, already criminalisation of its actions, but a diverse opposition movement, one or more houses was considered confronted by two goons and a forefront of the housing justice down on the floor of his home’s detentions, torture, beatings, Greece is going to face a housing on housing issues and needs in police brigade that was brought euro fee that was a part of the debt. affected by rising unemployment also the trial served as a moment including groups opposed to the a form of social security. lawyer representing a man who struggle – the Roof. terrace, with a Special Operations teargas attacks, raids crisis soon. What we say is that Greece. On the 28th of March, to intimidate citizens, who had After media coverage and public and wage cuts, were faced with or reactivation after the relative auction of properties. I am an However, during the 1990s the claims to be the new owner of the policeman’s boot on his head. He in cinemas and nightclubs, public the housing crisis is here! Our we hope that we will have actions gathered in solidarity to protect the pressure, he renounced his part of electricity cutoffs when they could demobilisation of the past couple activist belonging to this opposition traditional Greek housing system home. A bailiff is standing on the Roots of the eviction and his two adult sons were beaten humiliation, verbal abuse, have been movement has started actions in many European cities for the only home of the Osman family. In the money. The rest of the amount not pay the tax. This saw the rise of years. It is likely that the movement and by writing this paper was transformed. Prior to this side, waiting for the family to sign epidemic up, handcuffed, blindfolded and the order of the day. already from 2013, mainly on the right to housing with the common the preparation for the demolition, was collected at various solidarity of neighbourhood committees evictions and foreclosures that will I seek to share my own personal period only a very small minority a paper renouncing their claim on taken under police custody. What Even so, as long as the field of auctions and evictions. demand “Housing for people not the furniture had been brought events. In the end, solidarity that would protest at the power affect up to 200.000 households in experience of the challenge we of Greek people were aware of loans the property. Ten policemen are Before the breakup of Yugoslavia, was Indares’ crime? He had refused arbitrary violence of the police After these years of crisis, we are for profit”. out of the window as was Susan triumphed and the debt was payed company and extra-legally the next few years will be met with face in Greece. I also explain how and so-called ‘plastic’ money (the waiting outside the door and in the more than 50 percent of all to let the police go through his home was directed towards protesters, now enlarging our interests and Alijev, a woman diagnosed with in full. This family of three, now has reconnect the electricity. increased grassroots opposition. we (as a movement) frame the credit card). This changed in the courtyard, preventing a group of housing was “societal housing”, without a warrant in its operation youth, students, squatters, struggles on the housing problems TONIA KATERINI cancer. Following the demolition, a home to live in. The Coordination of relationship between housing and 1990s when people started to take housing activists from entering the provided through workers’ monthly to evict the squat that was right next homosexuals, immigrants or the more generally. In a country that the Belgrade Secretariat for Collectives of Thessaloniki was THEODOROS KARYOTIS debt as a process which seizes out loans. In this regard, Greeks stairwell. contributions. In the early 1990s, door. marginalised, the reaction of the before crisis had 85% of home Inspection Affairs, announced the February 15, 2020 formed in 2015 to bring together land and property, as well as were won over by the aggressive The family had fallen into the need to fill up state coffers Indares’ profile is not that public opinion to daily gross human ownership, this percentage has condemnation of the citizens in neighbourhood assemblies, how we challenge this practice. marketing campaigns of banks. As debt a few years back, but they to fund the military during the of a squatter. A 55-year old film rights violations was at best timid. decreased in only six years to 74% News from Belgrade and Novi Sad, solidarity with the evicted family, The local branch of the Roof in trade unions, associations and During the last six years the Greek a result, house prices rose and the have since managed to repay the Yugoslav war led to the decision to director and film school teacher, a Sadly, such abhorrent practices and thus has increased the number 14.02.2020 while the City authorities in their Novi Sad had its monthly meeting, parties that had been fighting population has been confronted by profit made by banks increased loan. The court ignored this fact, allow public companies and state homeowner, politically moderate are made possible by the active or of tenants. Today the housing statement accused them of abusing where a university professor of dispossession in the previous a widespread process of property from 20% in 1990, to 60% in 2000 proceeded with the foreclosure and institutions to sell off societal flats. with conservative views, working passive support of a part of Greek problems are related with four January 30, 2020 the sick. It was not solidarity engineering, Zvonko Rakarić talked years. Agglutinated around a repossession which, in more general and as high as 200% after Greece the bailiff auctioned their flat with The housing fund was hard to get his sons through society who have been convinced different issues: that caused the deterioration of about his housing problem. Unlike set of demands to protect the The grabbing of private property terms, equates to the seizure of both hosted the Olympic Games in 2004. an estimated worth of €90.000 for abolished and all forms of state and university. One could say he is that in the battle against the internal 1. The ongoing and everyday ALTHOUGH THE EVICTION of Susan Alijev’s health, but the sole most other people who are beset primary residence of over-indebted and the struggle against auctions public and private (which this paper Before the start of the crisis in 2009, merely €25.000. cooperative housing ceased to exist. a typical member of the Greek enemy all means are legitimate, even increasing of the number of the Lalović family was formally responsibility lies with the officials by banks, loan sharks and bailiffs, households from foreclosure and in Greece today by Tonia Katerini, is particularly concerned about) a significant number of citizens Six hours pass, the owner of As a result of this “transition”, Serbia educated middle class and a the violation of constitutional rights auctions. cancelled for the ninth time in the that ordered the demolition and the Rakarić family is being forced guarantee basic amenities to all, first published in U3 i Quaderni land and property. were finding it extremely difficult the house faints, falls to the ground today has a high percentage of home typical voter of the governing and human dignity. 2. The enormous increasing of Bežanijska Kosa neighbourhood, the police officers, who by force out of their small house by a group the Coordination soon gained #13 di UrbanisticaTre, December The name of the movement to access the housing market and suffers an epileptic seizure ownership — 98.3 percent — but New Democracy party. This fact Indares himself, in press airbnb and golden visa sales that police remained in and around the kicked members of her family out of right-wing neighbours who momentum, managing to block 2017. that I am part of is “plestiriasmi- without borrowing money. This left lasting two hours. His wife struggles the owners are mostly poor and didn’t stop the police from pressing statements after he was released took out for the housing market building, waiting for our activists in in the street. were once members of the extreme several auction processes of stop”. This organisation is firmly thousands of people with no choice to keep the two bulky men from struggle to pay maintenance costs fabricated criminal charges against pending trial, appeared confused thousands of houses and led to order to check their documents and right Serbian Radical Party and mortgaged homes with its weekly Repression and criminalisation of opposed to the repossession of but to enter the precarious state of carrying him away. The activists and utility bills. him, accompanied by an operation as to what really hit him. He is rise of rent up to 4% for the last penalise them. In the light of the November 25, 2019 are now close to the ruling Serbian mobilisation at the court house. the housing movement in Serbia private property and related auction indebtedness. call an ambulance, but the police Those who refused — or missed of false accusations and defamation. obviously appalled by the campaign three months. new law on bailiffs that has been Progressive Party. Both of the main The practices of Thessaloniki’s by Ana Vilenica and Nemanja in courts. In this paper, I argue — tired, shaken, but still following out — on the opportunity to invest The Minister of Citizens’ of defamation against him, but 3. The lack of policies on public and in force since the beginning of the Members of the Roof Collective culprits are directors of public Coordination soon spread to other Pantović, first published as On the that the opposition movement Implementation of orders — won’t let the medics in. in this newly-privatised real estate, Protection himself unashamedly he seems to consider himself the social housing. year, police pressure on the activists from Novi Sad gathered in front of museums. In the past they fired Greek cities. frontlines of Serbia’s struggle for makes an important contribution austerity measures Under a barrage of insults, threats struggled on the housing market lied that the police had a warrant, innocent victim of a just war. In 4. The insufficient social policies on of the Roof has been intensifying. the bailiff office in order to present artists and writers who do not meet To curb the rise of the anti- housing justice, first published at by facilitating public debate about and the production of debt and persuasion they cave in and that developed at the beginning of that Indares resisted arrest and the leaked audio recording of the tenants’ protection and support. New higher penalties for resisting their demands on behalf of the their ideological standards. Zvonko foreclosure movement, in 2017 the roarmag.org, October 14, 2019. the protection of homeownership, let them through. Seizing the the new millennium. Stripped from tried to snatch the gun off a police moment of his arrest, he is heard So as a movement we are trying evictions are meant to intimidate Kukor family. The Kukor family Rakarić, although born in Novi government led by Syriza modified particularly as a fundamental The austerity policies imposed opportunity, the activists slip by the life savings through inflation and officer, that his two sons were reproaching the police of “acting to open our struggles in all these families threaten with evictions bought their house from a woman Sad, is of Croatian descent. That the process of the auction, which Repression, eviction and human right within a property- in Greece over recent years have weary officers and barge into the unemployment, many were forced inside the squat next door and had like anarchists,” even though the fronts. First of all by pressing the and the activists fighting to keep who was claiming to be the sole was enough for him to become the came to be conducted through dispossession in New Democracy’s owning society. Moreover, severely impacted house prices. flat. to get loans from speculative, mostly attacked the police. Despite many possibility that anarchists break into banks to negotiate with the indebted families in their homes. Since the owner. All the property papers victim of thugs who hold positions an electronic platform without Greece by Theodoros Karyotis, first opposition groups provide support These policies have also indirectly Twenty people are now foreign banks and buy their homes testimonies to the contrary and his home, beat him up and kidnap families and the government to 25th of September, citizens have were in order and the family spent of power in the city. They have the bidder’s physical presence. published at roarmag.org, January to those suffering from debt contributed to a sharp increase in squatting the flat demanding that from dodgy private investors that a leaked audio recording of the him is non-existent. In his desire to create a more protective legal frame been gathering daily at the Lalović all their savings (15.000 euros) repeatedly assaulted and offended Moreover, the police attempted 7, 2020. and demand that their debts be the number of indebted households the bailiff and the police leave. sometimes sold the same — usually moment Indares was being detained remain equidistant, Indares does not for them. For this we organised apartment as the building is under for a depleted house situated near the defenceless professor and his to criminalise the mobilisations, cancelled. This acts as a form of (from 5% of all households in They do and so does the lawyer. It unfinished apartments — multiple which disproves the accusations, the acknowledge the arbitrary nature of mobilisation in front of Banks that surveillance. Military and civilian the city centre. Prior to that, they family in an effort to drive them by judicially persecuting specific opposition to the post-neoliberal 2010 to 52% today). Another seems that the siege is over. Two times. minister’s fabrications were repeated police repression nor the reality- are active in auctions this period. police, the gendarmerie, and other lived in makeshift barracks that out of the neighbourhood. It is members of the movement. This is a collaborative attempt practice of using debt as a means of consequence of austerity is that a hours later, someone knocks on the The self-managed and state- at full force by the government’s distorting function of the mass We also mapping the funds that units came to the building several was occupied by construction important to add that the city of The first in a series of to address the urgency of the controlling people. significant number of households door. The lawyer of the new owner, owned construction sector faced the propaganda machine: the mass media, as long as peace-loving, hard- are buying red loans from the times. We assume that they have workers during the housing boom Novi Sad was selected to be the such trials in Thessaloniki was housing crisis in Serbia and became reliant on borrowed money escorted by hooded thugs with same bleak economic prospects as media owned by a handful of working, everyday people like him banks and are more aggressive in been waiting for an opportunity in the socialist period. When European capital of culture in celebrated in February 2020, Greece by bringing together Access to housing: to survive but consequently became clubs and metal bars, has returned other sectors during the transition oligarchs allied with the governing remain immune from this violence. auctions. Every week we are having for one last eviction attempt. Gojko the workers vacated, the Roma 2021, while the local autonomous against schoolteacher and different collective experiences, from family savings over-indebted (and therefore they to finish the eviction. Seeing that to capitalism. Construction giants party. But it is precisely peace-loving mobilisations in front of notary’s Lalović was a colonel in the army population took their place and culture scene is being evicted Coordination member Ilias gathered by movements active in to forced indebtedness were unable to pay-off the debt). people are still inside the flat, they such as Trudbenik and Komgrap Even when Nikos Alivizatos, the everyday citizens like him who have offices that are doing the electronic until 2004 when he was illegally among them the Kukor family. and bulldozed over as the official Smilios. The trial was planned to Athens, Belgrade, Novi Sad and This had a direct impact on the leave after a brief exchange of that provided high quality flats on a Ombudsman for Police Violence most to lose in this new cycle of auctions trying to push them to fired after pointing out corruption During the displacement of the institutions of culture are run intimidate the movement, ahead of Thessaloniki. Homeownership has a strong economic stability of the banking threats. mass scale were privatised and then appointed a few months earlier by dispossession in Greece. postpone the auction and give to in the military housing programme. neighbourhood, the city gave out by criminals. The Roof will take the wave of foreclosures expected tradition in Greece. Historically, sector and provided justification The family is still living in their went bankrupt. the minister himself, threatened the indebted family the opportunity The Ministry of Defence has cash to families living there. After action and demand justice and the to take place after the framework www.pleistiriasmoistop.blogspot.gr access to housing was relatively for the current process of property flat today; the eviction has been Over 800.000 refugees, to resign in light of the evidence The “Law and Order” to negotiate. Also we are trying to stripped him of his flat since he spending all the money on the resignation of the individuals that of protection of primary residence www.noauctionsgr.blogspot.gr easy: family savings were invested seizure. Such a process can be put on hold while they are fighting mainly Serbs and Roma, fled from of police brutality, the mainstream doctrine sensitise people on the forthcoming doesn’t serve anymore and are now house they soon found out that have endangered the safety of the is abolished in May. Smilios was www.syntonsyllogthes.blogspot.com in a construction sector that was seen as a corrupted form of wealth in the courts for the right to their neighbouring states to Serbia during press was quick to dismiss the results of auctions, that lead to trying to evict him and his family. they were deceived. The woman Rakarić family. accused, among other things, of www.zakrovnadglavom.org extremely informal and comprised redistribution. In this sense, the home. the wars in Croatia, Bosnia and Constitutional Law professor as a Nowadays in Greece, nothing evictions, especially after the end who sold them the house went “disturbance of social peace”, a of small, family-owned building financial wealth gained by the Their story is shared by many Kosovo. Since the state stopped leftist who sides with squatters. reminds us anymore of the of the last and weak protection of October 15, 2019 through a divorce settlement and THE ROOF vaguely defined offence, tailor- A collaboration between companies. The traditional Greek middle and lower middle classes in others — families, pensioners, investing in social housing, many of Indares’ case got a lot of multitudinous and diverse the family house on April 30. For lost half the house to her husband. made to criminalise protest and Theodoros Karyotis, housing system enabled people to the last half of the twentieth-century single mothers, workers, refugees the refugees still live in improvised publicity, with many denouncing mobilisations of 2010–15 against this reason we present material Until today, the Osman family A trial against Kukor took place opposition in the years of austerity. Tonia Katerini, pay for and build their own homes has been snatched by financial and war veterans who are struggling collective housing centres. Under the fabrications. Meanwhile, the the structural adjustment program. from the experience in Spain and home was standing on the land and the Kukor family lost half of However, at the trial, the Nemanja Pantović, which secured access to private institutions and powerful economic against evictions in Serbia. Over these circumstances home ceased government and its opinion makers However, material conditions have recently with the participation of that has been prepared by the City their house. The ex-husband was News from Thessaloniki, policemen testifying failed to Theo Prodromidis, property for a significant number elites. Put simply, those in the upper the past eight years, since the to be a place of refuge from the refused to back down. What is of not improved for the majority of the comrades from PAH (Plataforma of Belgrade for an elite investment determined to get rid of the Kukor 16.02.2020 uphold the fabricated accusations. Ana Vilenica of Greeks, as well as immigrants. echelons of the economy exploited system of private bailiffs and their hardships of life and became another concern here is that this massive population, nor have the austerity de Afectados por la Hipoteca). We project titled “Marina Dorćol”. The family in order to sell the house to The movement’s line of defence Furthermore, this system the people and took advantage of extended power to implement battleground of class struggle. wave of support came only when an policies been reversed. Rather, have organised and participated City is obliged by law to provide a real estate company. The way to THE STRUGGLE AGAINST was not apologetic, on the Designed by Stathis Mitropoulos compensated for (and/or justified) foreclosures was introduced, the “average family man” had his civil up to now in several presentations the family with adequate housing. it was to evict them on a basis of housing dispossession in Greece contrary, defence lawyers and Printed in Print on Paper, UK an almost complete lack of social continued on page 2 constant attack on tenants and continued on page 2 liberties violated. continued on page 3 protected. However, towards the people in society, while others seek The opposition movement has also Peoples’ misery doesn’t end individuals founded a housing from resisting. This is a clear 2000s. Mitsotakis and his troupe Squats have also been places absence of any other mechanism of live and are denied basic rights the raid at Indares’ home — has The grabbing of private property end of 2013 this piece of legislation to protect all homeowners. The been strengthened through the with their flats being sold. The movement - the Roof (Združena 2 3 indication that the state stood up of entitled aristocratic technocrats where locals and immigrants redistribution. and assistance, often with fatal been integral to the government’s and the struggle against auctions was repealed. The risk of people latter is our approach. We feel that creation of a broader alliance such debtor is required to pay the akcija Krov nad glavom). Through for the protection of the bailiffs’ and have surrounded themselves with coexist and asylum seekers create The unhealthy side effects consequences. effort to quell all resistance in Greece today losing their home (and in some we should not allow any auctions as the United Initiative Against enforcement fee for being kicked community organising, advocacy unscrupulous creditors’ interests. ultra-conservative, fear-mongering, their own structures of self- of such an arrangement came Like in many other countries, against violent touristification. cases second home) triggered the because this has led to the seizure Auctions. Our narrative and our out of their own flat. At the end of work, research, awareness In June 2019, as an attempt to moralising, flag-waving television support, as a hands-on response to light in the late 2000s, with austerity in Greece has not led Other neighbourhoods, such as continued from page 1 growth of a large anti-auction of many Greek properties and the target audience has been improved 2017, a single mother was thrown campaigns, protests, bank pressure the law makers, the Roof personalities. to the inhumane conditions a great volume of theoretical to forward-looking positive social movement hub Exarchia, movement. Consequently, in majority of Greek family homes by and widened by focusing our out of a flat that she bought but occupations and more than a organised a public protest under It should be noted that this is imposed on newcomers in refugee and artistic works criticising the solutions, but to an accelerated have similar stories to tell. the ‘poor’ profitability during the 2013 we started a public debate foreign capital. protest against all those responsible subsequently lost when it was hundred anti-eviction actions, the the slogan “No one without a home, not a temporary alliance around camps. The consensus among all oppressive patriarchal structure of conservative retrogression. Despite financial crisis. This process of regarding this reform, organised In 2014 and 2015 an informal (such as the Greek government, restituted to a previous owner. A organisation has played a crucial a home for all — now!” The rally power sharing, but one based on memorandum-era governments is the Greek family. The epitome of the appearance of a wide social …and bailing out exploitation was achieved through assemblies and prepared people for agreement between the Greek banks, notaries etc) for this terrible bailiff who grossed €800.000 that role in shifting the ideological began with a minute of silence for a solid joint project. The common that social alternatives should be such criticism can be found in the consensus around conservative the banks again the implementation of legislative the implementation of the new law. government and the banks situation. Importantly, we are year alone, charged them €11.000 paradigm — evictions are no longer Ljubica Stajić, who had committed ground of the two factions is a repressed. The present campaign filmmaking movement known as values, the ruling class knows tools and austerity policies Our first step was the production established a form of suspension of a member of an international for the cost of her enforcement viewed as private affairs of indebted suicide a few days before by setting kind of social Darwinism, in which of evictions, therefore, is an “Greek weird wave,” kickstarted by that this new equilibrium is very Last December the parliament which took several forms and are of a 25-page leaflet containing vast repossessions concerning all ‘first’ alliance called ‘The European “services”. individuals, but as the illegitimate her apartment on fire. appeals to economic rationality intensification of the tactics of Giorgos Lanthimos’ award-winning delicate, since the politics of approved the “Hercules” plan to sell highlighted below: amounts of information aboςut homes (in other words, the house Action Coalition for the Right to Bailiffs are assisted by the police dispossession of ordinary people by Several days later, activists are alternated in the government’s previous governments, including film Dogtooth, a parable for the dispossession of the social majority €30 billion worth of non-performing debt; the policies of banks operating in which the individual or family Housing and the City’, and by being or private security firms. Evictions the rich, which must be resisted. of the Roof protested outside the discourse with racist and sexist that of Syriza. claustrophobic and reality-bending by local and international capital loans to funds, with the state acting 1. Tactics of manipulation through at a national and international is living in as their main home). internationally connected we are often involve the forced removal More and more people who are European Union embassy in Serbia truisms to justify and naturalise its Even though the vast majority complications of the co-dependent is far from over. And the next as the guarantor. Loans will be sold deleveraging. In this regard, level; the context in which the However, at the end of 2015 this able to share our experience and of people from their homes and struggling with housing problems and demanded a meeting with repressive and exclusionary policies. of squatted spaces are abandoned patriarchal family. A will to criticise round of dispossession in Greece at a fraction of the nominal price, banks which in the previous debt was created in the first place; agreement ended. Currently, the learn from similar movements from communities, frequent aggressive are joining the movement. The the European Delegation chief — Moreover, both factions agree on and neglected buildings belonging and overcome the traditional concentrates on what Greeks hold and the funds will be given free twenty years had promoted and and international action taken only tool that Greeks have to protect across Europe (see, for instance, behaviour and intimidation by main goal of the Roof is to struggle since EU institutions have been the reinforcement of conservative to the state, private foundations, family formation and celebrate new most dear: housing. rein to demand repayment in full, offered all sorts of loans and against bank repossessions and the homes in which they live in is by our collective work titled Eviction the bailiffs, the police and private for a society where no one will be supporting the implementation values and the traditional family rich heirs or the church, small identities and social arrangements which will result in foreclosures and ‘plastic’ money - thus inciting consequent evictions going to the courts Across Europe, 2015). security. On more homeless, a society where the right of the law on enforcement. The structure as the property owners have come to see was evident in the Stepping up housing auctions of real estate increased expectations of high – particularly in the and following the Today, more than 30% of than one occasion, to a home is guaranteed. EU had praised the results of the institution that will squatting as an affront to their own mobilisation and dispossession… collateral, including living standards - asked for context of Spain which procedures of the Greek citizens are facing extreme social service workers Solidarity and self-organisation bailiffs in its report on the progress absorb the permanent interests. This may be due to the experimentation both commercial and their money back to cover was already facing a so-called ‘Personal poverty and are being deprived threatened mothers of people in the streets has been of Serbia in EU integration, and social shocks of the fact that small real estate property is of the social The net effect of austerity policies residential properties. their capital deficiencies. This similar problem to Bankruptcy Law’ of their basic human rights. For to take away their growing. Neighbours and co- had secretly funded and organised post-memorandum era. foundational in Greek society. After movements in the in Greece has been a large-scale The symbolism of happened during a period in that of Greece. (law 3896/2010 that has since been many, homeownership is a means of children if they failed to comply workers are getting increasingly so-called round table discussions Besides its technocratic the Second World War, in contrast following decade. upwards redistribution of wealth. the name is clear: as the mythical which property prices were From the beginning, our revised by law 4316/2015) and security. Losing a property leads to a with eviction orders. In late 2018, involved in anti-eviction actions about the law that had been closed discourse and its promise of to the social housing policies of This criticism, however, was According to UN data, between 2007 Hercules diverted two rivers falling. The result was negative main purpose was to challenge asking the court for protection. “naked life”, as it has been accurately a man’s dog was put to sleep on and the state is pressuring the for the general public. The European economic growth, New Democracy northern Europe, the Greek state short-lived. For the alliance of and 2017, despite mostly negative to clean the stable of Augeas of equity between outstanding and reverse the dominant idea As part of this process the court described by Giorgio Agamben. the spot when the bailiff came to movement. As of now, members Delegation avoided a meeting with has employed a divisive anti- actively promoted self-construction, neoliberals and extreme right- GDP growth rates, the top 1 percent tons of manure, similarly the debts and the value of properties that those suffering a heavy debt asks the household to allocate For this reason, the struggle against evaluate his property while he was of the organisation are faced with activists of the Roof in which the communist rhetoric reminiscent viewing real estate property as wingers that is currently ruling of the population has seen its income government is diverting up to €12 during a period in which burden were personally responsible a significant part of the income the seizure of private property is a not home. more than 20 individual criminal question of the EU’s responsibility of the Cold War, along with a the equalising factor that would the country, the recomposition increase by 6 percent, while the billion of its reserves to guarantee austerity measures had already for their perilous situation and towards covering living costs. The struggle for social justice, dignity In Serbia, the state has no charges for obstructing police — in the process of passing this historical revisionism that seeks to guarantee national reconciliation of the traditional family is a bottom 40 percent lost 44 percent. these bad loans and clean up the impacted personal incomes. that consequently there was no rest of their money and property and life. obligation to protect the evicted. each carrying a potential prison criminal law was to be raised. write popular resistance out of the among a people deeply divided and central piece. The extreme right’s Owing to shrinking incomes, banks’ accounts. This is not simply This challenging situation made need for a law protecting private assets go towards the repayment of The institution of emergency sentence from one to three years. Thanks to the pressure from country’s recent history. Through scarred by the Civil War. reasons for this are clear: the as well as to the banks’ frivolous “taxpayer’s money”: this is blood it impossible for many people property. In this regard, we made the debt. This is, of course, a useful TONIA KATERINI accommodation has been abolished In April 2019 the police took 17 organised resistance, evictions nationalist, xenophobic and As a result, Greece is patriarchal family is the basic lending practices in pre-crisis times, money extracted from the Greek to pay back their loans which a small brochure called “Answers tool for many families. However, and there is no housing support for activist of the Roof who gathered became difficult to ignore as more homophobic narratives they have characterised by the dispersion of biopolitical laboratory of the nation, Greeks started missing payments. people through extreme austerity in turn (after two months of to the Seven Most Frequently a significant number of people the homeless. in solidarity with Mandić family in and more people choose to defend managed to poach voters from neo- small ownership and one of the reinforcing the reproductive tasks Non-performing mortgages went measures. non-payment) became “RED” ( Asked Questions About Debt”. The cannot access this protection for a Novi Sad into custody. The Mandić their homes by seeking help in Nazi party Golden Dawn, which, highest rates of owner occupancy of women, policing the aspirations through the roof, from 5 percent The paradox is that while non-performing loans). brochure tried to subvert the main number of reasons: i) the financial Repression and criminalisation Debt Enforcement family had invested €40.000 in a their communities instead of giving cornered by the actions of the anti- in Europe, even when one-fourth of and behaviours of its members, of all mortgages in 2008 to 45 banks are prohibited by law to offer arguments concerning the banks, cost of appealing to the court; ii) of the housing movement joint construction effort together up. The struggle is spreading from fascist movement, an ongoing trial, the population is propertyless and enforcing the “correct” gender and percent in 2019. Social tragedy was generous haircuts and renegotiations 2. Introduction of a horizontal public interest and their connections the long and bureaucratic process; in Serbia With the legislative changes that with another family who owned the capital to other cities, towns internal division and the rise of new condemned to a very volatile rental sexual orientation, the one language averted by the above mentioned to debtors, they are now allowed (direct and indirect) tax regime. with mortgage repayments. At iii) the severe psychological came into force in 2016, private the land. They gave the money in and villages and a new nationwide political formations in the extreme sector with no housing policies in and religion. legal framework of protection to sell the bad loans at even 7 or The tax regime introduced as part the same time, we contacted all distress associated with potentially continued from page 2 bailiffs were renamed “public advance, without a written contract, movement for the right of housing right, failed to enter the parliament place as a safety net. Although the For neoliberals, the reasons of the primary residence, which 10 percent of the nominal value to of the first Greek bailout package of the other opposition groups in losing your home. In this sense, bailiffs” to hide the true nature of counting on the verbal agreement. is within sight. in July, for the first time since 2012. austerity measures have turned real are slightly more profound: allowed for a moderate haircut, get them off their books, and the had a direct impact on the cost Athens. This included collectives it is a process which is extremely Accelerating the demise their work. Control over the bailiffs Instead of honouring the agreement What has changed in the last On that account, the “law and estate property from an asset into a despite neoliberalism’s discursive a renegotiation and a subsidy of state uses its reserves to guarantee of living as well as housing costs. such as neighbourhood difficult to access for of the working class was transferred from courts to the the landowners took the money two years is that the dispossessed order” doctrine liability through overtaxation emphasis on the rational self- mortgages for low- this cut-rate transfer of Particularly damaging was the assemblies and solidarity people lacking money. bailiffs themselves — complaints and filed a lawsuit against Mandić are no longer left to their own is a vital part of and the decrease of real estate made individual, the family is income overindebted wealth to foreign funds severe increase in VAT (value- initiatives which had Furthermore, as part In order to access credit in Serbia, about fraud and irregularities now family. Without written proof means. the government’s prices, property is still a major still the structure that is entrusted homeowners. Despite specialised in “distressed added tax), which was even proliferated after the of this law, even if an an individual’s total assets need to are to be submitted to the ones who that they gave the money to the strategy. Like signification in the imaginary with facilitating its designs of this measure, however, assets”. The “Hercules” imposed on essential goods. In crisis. The intention was individual does manage be provided as collateral. In many allegedly committed them. landowners Mandić family lost the ANA VILENICA AND with previous of progress for a majority of privatisation and eradication of in late 2019, 350.000 plan, then, constitutes addition, this regime introduced to create an alliance with a broad to protect their first home they are cases this means their home. In a This cartel of 215 “public case and were evicted from the half- NEMANJA PANTOVIĆ governments, its capacity to exercise Greeks. all welfare provisions. On top of mortgages, worth €25 billion, were an indirect recapitalisation of indirect taxes on all private enough scope capable of challenging still at risk of losing other properties country of unregulated, low paid bailiffs” established a racket through finished house. (FOR THE ROOF) its own policy is extremely limited, Real estate property, then, the gendered unpaid care work, still in arrears, jeopardising housing Greek banks, the fourth since the properties, even if the owners property seizures. This marked the which may be an essential part of labor where 25 percent of the which they ruthlessly enforce debts Another mass arrest took place as, despite the formal end of the signifies much more than a home. the family, through investment, security for a great part of the beginning of the crisis, again using made no profit from them. The beginning of the Stop Repossessions their life (for example, a holiday population lives on the brink of with the assistance of the police. in the summer of 2018, when police bailout “memoranda,” economic It is a family’s measure of success, indebtedness and internal population. the taxpayer’s money. new system also ignored the network which encompasses more home or a family home that is poverty and 7.2 percent lives in In addition to acting on court surrounded a building where 22 and foreign policies are still their means of social mobility, redistribution, will yet again absorb Protecting homeowners, This plan — along with the market value of properties after than 40 different groups from across rented out to boost a pension pot; a extreme poverty, privately owned decisions, bailiffs also act on so- refugees from Kosovo, Bosnia and Repression, eviction and dictated by the country’s “partners” the asset to transfer to the next the shocks of structural adjustment however, was not the only impending abolition of primary the crisis. This led to horizontal Greece. house passed on by grandparents to houses and apartments are often the called “credible documents” from Croatia had been occupying empty dispossession in New Democracy’s and “allies,” and there is constant generation, and, in the absence and shield its members in the motivation behind the primary residence protection, the big wave private debts for the majority of As well as deconstructing the their grandchildren for them to live only assets available for seizure. creditors — such as utility or phone flats for the past ten years. The Greece monitoring and assessment of of adequate state welfare policies, all-out war that is the privatised residence protection framework; this of housing foreclosures that is citizens who found themselves main narrative about indebtedness, in; a store in which someone works The eviction epidemic started company bills and debts towards Commissariat for Refugees was legislation and fiscal outcomes by their hedging against an uncertain economy, thus mitigating the arrangement served to also protect already underway, and the fire sale without a job yet paying a we continue to offer legal support to in etc). with the privatisation of the banks — without prior court determined to evict them. Activists continued from page 2 foreign externally appointed bodies. future. This may go a long way social reproduction crisis that the interests of the banking sector. of “packages” of already foreclosed mortgage. those in need and organise meetings eviction protocol in 2011. Through verdicts. At the beginning of 2019, charged the police line and managed “Internal security,” then, is the in explaining the principled is synonymous with neoliberal At the height of the debt crisis, real estate by banks to funds — and demonstrations in different The situation today legislative changes, the state bailiffs were tasked with enforcing to break through to the building and austerity has been “naturalised”: it only field where the government opposition of most Greeks to the expansion. In the society of real estate prices had plummeted, constitutes a well-orchestrated 3. A new legislative framework neighbourhoods and cities to give introduced private bailiffs as a more than 300.000 individual cases block the entrance. They were all is no longer seen for what it is — a can actually apply its energies and practice of squatting, despite the self-serving isolated individuals and therefore liquidation of the operation of housing dispossession for the management of non- voice to the problem. However, the As mentioned above, the opposition supposed solution to the problem of debt in a country of six million rounded up and sent to the police massive operation of wealth transfer legitimise its power in the eyes fact that small family property is envisioned by neoliberalism, the mortgaged assets would have come in Greece. Thousands of families performing loans and the most effective form of action has movement has been relatively of “inefficient enforcement” of inhabitants. station. Thanks to the heroic efforts from the popular classes to national of their increasingly conservative never the target of squatters. But it traditional family is the ultimate at a great loss. Banks needed to buy are threatened with eviction, with auctions of private property. been to challenge auctions directly successful. However, our struggle court verdicts — previously done Today, the enforcement of debt that were televised, the eviction and international capital — but as electoral clientele. may also help explain the fact that safety net; thus its authority over its time until real estate prices rose their homes ultimately possessed by This caused indebted people to in the courts. This has, since the against what we call a “generalised by public court bailiffs. This repayments has become paramount was canceled and the Commissariat a natural disaster, much like a flood The deployment of police forces since the beginning of the crisis, members is actively reinforced. again. And this condition was met foreign corporations for prices well fall into extreme poverty when beginning of our work, been a process of property grabbing” has reform was adopted by the ruling — it can be done from dawn till agreed to negotiate. that sweeps everything away and in urban areas has therefore been a special insolvency law protects Austerity has already paved in 2018, when, despite low domestic below their market value. deciding to give priority to loan weekly intervention performed not ended and the problem is far center-right Democratic Party’s dusk, under extreme weather, Last June, two activists of the leaves one to rebuild from scratch. made into a great spectacle, with the mortgaged primary residence the way for such a revival of demand, prices were pushed up As real estate players are repayments. directly in courts in from being solved. government under during holidays and without taking Roof were attacked and brutally Syriza’s tenure the anarchist movement of low-income debtors in arrears conservative by rising pressures on preparing to attack, the Greek which auctions were The number of pressure from the health and socio-economic status beaten on the university campus by in government has identified as the primary from foreclosure and liquidation by family values. the real estate market: housing model — characterised 4. Conversion of the insurance taking place. In this indebted people European Union. of the people being evicted into two masked men. The same men contributed greatly adversary. The notoriously banks. Shrinking the deployment of Real by widespread small property system into a new taxation sense, we are trying is growing (there While the account. People often lose not only had been seen plastering “Serbian to this condition. heavy-handed Minister Although in many cases incomes and high Estate Investment Trusts ownership and a high percentage system without the appropriate to stop the auction has been a 13% narrative designed their homes, but also their furniture Right” posters on the campus — a Notwithstanding of Citizen’s Protection foreclosures still have gone through, unemployment following significant tax of owner occupancy — will begin reforms, which resulted in the process by using our bodies (by increase in the past year) and we for the general public was that and family heirlooms, which are right-wing proxy party that does the its overdue socially progressive Michalis Chrisohoidis gave a 15- this arrangement has helped rates have condemned an entire breaks, a “Golden Visa” program to falter. This is certain to generate loss of the reciprocity character being physically present in court), lack proper legislation to address the private bailiffs would provide auctioned off. Public bailiffs also dirty work for the ruling Serbian reforms in matters of individual day ultimatum to all squatters to maintain social peace by preventing generation of young people to offering residence to non-EU citizens human suffering, as the context is that the system used to have. making noise, making videos, the needs of Greek society – a working people with a quick way confiscate up to two-thirds of Progressive Party. rights, Syriza’s inability to challenge voluntarily vacate their buildings or mass evictions of working and remain economically dependent on who invest more than €250,000 in one of skyrocketing rental prices as well as picketing. Throughout community so crippled by austerity to collect back payments of their debtors’ salaries and pensions. This attack clearly reveals the austerity and its continuation of face forceful eviction. middle-class families. Since the their parents; they are often forced real estate, and, importantly, a sharp and a complete absence of effective The combination of these these years we have managed to policies that families can rarely salaries the reality fell short of this There have been cases of illegal reactionary role of the various dispossessive policies have had The ultimatum was calculated family has such a prominent to live with them until well into rise in short-term rentals, especially housing policies to absorb the shock. practices and legislative tools stop thousands of auctions. The generate any surplus capital to promise. confiscation of social benefits and right-wing organisations that are a “TINA effect” — convincing to expire on December 6, the position in Greece and has borne their thirties. This reinforces the through Airbnb. Throughout the world, wherever gave rise to the idea that indebted movement has discussed many pay back the debts which they Instead of workers from alimonies. under the direct control of the the population that there is no anniversary of the murder of Alexis the weight of the structural moral authority of the patriarchal With prices rapidly rising neoliberalism takes hold, social homeowners were the people things (and is still discussing them) owe. The Troika and other related privatised and ruined factories The privatisation of the bailiff government. They serve as a tool for alternative to austerity. The only Grigoropoulos by the police in adjustment, all governments so far, family over the dependent family again, banks have been hard at solidarities break down, inequality who would pay for the financial concerning the best means of international institutions have being able to claim their system, aimed at dismantling the dealing with people who are fighting possible course of action, they are 2008, a date that regularly attracts regardless of political orientation, members. work accelerating foreclosures intensifies and governments crisis, thus leading to the seizure action, types of interventions, the pressed the Greek government redundancy pay and wages, the so-called “debtors lobby”, gave rise for a better and just society. This led to believe, is to elect the political crowds of protesters in city centers. have respected this arrangement. However, the revival of and auctions of mortgaged homes, deploy a militarised, brutal and of properties. The impacts of this auctions which we should stop and to find a way of stopping the law only accelerated the demise to a new stratum of the middle class attack is an example of increased force that can best manage it; and However, the plan backfired after Things, however, are about to traditional family values has also as well as selling “packages” of unaccountable police force to were not only significant socially the auctions which we should allow anti-auction movement. Without of the already impoverished that is profiteering from the bailiff repression and the determination of the mass media, shifting the agenda the Koukaki evictions; faced change. required external reinforcement: already foreclosed assets to foreign contain popular discontent. 2019 – such as the increase in the to go on (for example, in the cases property seizures – which effectively working class. Justice became system — bailiffs, sales agents and the state to criminalise solidarity by to the familiar tropes of security, with increased mobilisation and throughout the times of crisis, funds. Under pressure by Greece’s has been replete with such examples, number of working poor – but also of auction of companies which owe consists of taking property from accessible only to those who auction hosts, moving companies, all means necessary. immigration and nationalism, have widespread criticism of police Family troubles the mass media have kept the international “partners,” the from Chile and Ecuador to Lebanon in terms of the long-term effects money to their workers we decided individuals and giving it to financial were able to pay the bailiff fee. better-off buyers, locksmith convinced most voters that the best violence, the minister had to put Greek people on a steady diet of government is abolishing the first and France. In the Greek context, the on the housing system (mainly not to intervene). Because our institutions – the entire repossession The new enforcement system and private security firms. Debt “No one without a home, manager of austerity is the right- the plan on hold to redefine his The preeminence of the family on nationalism, religion and moral residence protection framework ongoing attack of the government based on homeownership) and actions occur directly in the courts plan fails. The Greek government provided banks, loan sharks, utility enforcement continues even when a home for all — now!” wing New Democracy of Kyriakos repressive tactics. the Greek socioeconomic plane is panic. Reactionary homophobic, this May. Up to 200,000 homes are on the squatting movement has a on land-use policies related to the we have not faced eviction and we tried to intimidate the opposition companies, corporations and irregularities or frauds have been Mitsotakis, which won the July not due to a supposedly family- anti-abortion or misogynistic threatened with foreclosure over the dual function: on the one hand, organisation and transformation have not engaged in anti-eviction movement with the police and by wealthy tycoons with an additional identified in the court — nothing After two years of intensive street elections by a landslide. Squatting in the land centric Greek “psyche”, but it is the narratives have made their way next year. they aim to neutralise the “internal of the built environment. In a resistance. Evictions are more arresting activists and sending them tool for the dispossession of poor delays the swift hand of the so- mobilisations and anti-eviction Mitsotakis, stemming from a of small property product of a historical “familistic” into every crevice of mass culture This represents an intensification enemy” and eliminate one of the few country such as Greece, which common for tenants. Unfortunately, to court. This, however, did not stop and indebted members of society. called justice of the capitalist state. struggles, the long line of politicians, mode of economic development, in and hordes of extreme-right social of the trend of housing dispossession bastions of criticism and resistance has a highly-dispersed population tenants are poorly organised in us. The design of the new system In 2017 alone, 3,736 real estate government reacted was born with a silver Incidentally, it were the 2008 which the extended family unit was media influencers have been that has already changed the face to dispossession, gentrification and and fragmented ownership of the Greece and in general they do not It is not a coincidence that a implicates the bailiff’s personal seizures were carried out, according to the mounting spoon in his mouth. riots that incubated Greece’s made responsible for the protection promoting the fable that traditional of Greek cities over the past few “urban renewal.” On the other hand, land, the tendency to centralise resist evictions. Typically, they requirement of the latest Greek interest in the enforcement process. to the Chamber of Bailiffs, while the pressure by In 1999, fresh out of squatters movement; squatting has and welfare of its members and patriarchal culture is the object years. Koukaki, Dimitris Indares’ they are rehearsing the repressive significant investments in large ask for more time to pay their memorandum of May 2017 declared Since bailiffs have the power to daily newspaper Politika states that changing the Law on his studies at Harvard persisted as a practice of popular took on reproductive tasks that in of political persecution by the left neighbourhood, exemplifies this tactics they are going to employ projects can definitely benefit from outstanding rent or for support that the government should decide how the debt will be repaid, more than 3,000 families have been Enforcement. The law was drafted and Stanford, he got a job as an self-organization in the years of northern European countries were wing. trend. In the absence of renters’ in the impending wave of housing the concentration of property, land in moving out. Although the implement a new auction process. In it often happens that they choose to evicted from their apartments in with the support of the EU, USAID investment fund manager in Athens mobilization that followed. Today carried out by the welfare state. This was the substrate for a protection, Koukaki has seen many foreclosures, testing society’s reflexes and critical public assets under one government is promising a form of this sense, instead of a public auction sell a flat even for a relatively small the last seven years. Homelessness and the Council of foreign investors, using his father’s connections, there are hundreds of squats in In the second half of the 20th continuous process of constructing renters thrown out, their homes to extreme and arbitrary violence, unified ownership authority. protection for homeowners, recent in court, the new process will be in debt. The bailiff is the one who is being produced at the same rate but without the participation of the earning the equivalent of €10,000 Greece, among them housing century, this carefully designed and the “internal enemy” as anyone bought by foreign or local investors and sending a positive message to research from the Bank of Greece the form of an electronic auction assesses the value of the property of new housing blocks. Roof and the public, without prior a month. In the past decade, he for locals and immigrants, social implemented model of development who does not contribute to the and turned into tourist flats. potential “investors” that no effort The birth of an anti-auction on the housing problem reveals that that will occur directly in the offices and is also the one who sells it, In Belgrade, over 15 percent public debate and quickly voted has gained publicity as the heir centres, urban farms and factories. allowed Greece to achieve high rates cultural and physical reproduction Exorbitant rents — often higher than will be spared in protecting their movement more than 900,000 families are at of the notaries. This creates a new keeping a hefty commission. of its nearly 700.000 apartments through parliament during the apparent who comes to invigorate Squats are an important part of of economic growth based on cheap of the nation: social movements, the average wage — drive locals out “investment.” risk of homelessness due to ‘red’ situation which the movement must Since their services are is vacant, while in other cities this summer of 2019. the discredited old regime. What the social infrastructure put in place labor with a minimal cost for the immigrants, anarchists, LGBTQ of the neighbourhood, thus sucking Paradoxically, if the current Prior to the implementation of loans, rent arrears and inadequate challenge and we are urgently trying expensive, they are not affordable number can rise up to 20 percent. Instead of addressing pressing others would call privilege and by contestational movements that state and employers. In this context, persons, people battling with the life out of a once lively area, now trend of housing dispossession the second Greek bailout package housing conditions. to ban this top-down procedure. The for working class people. Flats and At the same time, Serbia is the grievances with the current system nepotism, he has marketed as seek to liberate human activity and clientelism, tax evasion, corruption, mental illness, drug addicts and the increasingly oriented to servicing continues, Dimitris Indares and private property was protected In the years which followed opposition movement is currently houses are sold at auctions that European champion in terms of evictions, the state criminalised “excellence”: this was the rallying sociality from commercialisation laxity in the enforcement of Roma. Along with the biopolitics of tourists seeking out the “authentic many peace-loving citizens like him against debt-induced repossession the crisis other groups concerned developing ideas about how to tackle are often organised in obscure and of overcrowded housing with solidarity by implementing fines cry of his electoral campaign, along and consumerism, and try out regulations, and other Greek the traditional family cell, run the Athenian experience.” are going to realise that, despite by a law which was ratified in 2009. about housing emerged. These this procedural change. Our main isolated places. Homes are often more than half of the households and prison sentences for “eviction with the promise of enforcing law structures of plural decision “peculiarities” were not pathological thanatopolitics — a politics of death At an anti-Airbnb their desires and aspirations, their The law included three factors organisations have a range of argument is that this new method sold at prices much times lower classified as such. obstruction”. When the law comes and order. making and coexistence. Despite behaviours, as economic manuals — of the state and the neo-Nazis. demonstration in July 2019, fates are linked more to those of the which established the conditions political approaches and the ways in goes against basic human rights than the estimated market value, into force, even filming an eviction The present incarnation of their experimental and incomplete would have us believe, but perfectly To the well-publicised murders of peaceful neighbours were met squatters next door than to those for whether a property could be which they assist indebted people since it violates the principle of a and there have been cases where Growing repression procedure will be deemed as the New Democracy party is an character, squats are a living rational, state-sanctioned adaptive antifascist rapper Pavlos Fyssas and with unprovoked police violence. of the Greek government and the seized: the income of the family, the varies. Their policies differ from transparent public process. We now buyers have been other bailiffs, on the housing movement “obstruction of the eviction process” alliance between its neoliberal reminder that there can be social behaviours of the family, which queer rights activist Zak/Zackie The eviction of three squats in international financial organisations amount of debt owed and the value class-oriented approaches which want to increase our visibility and to their relatives or people close to and can land you in prison. The and extreme right currents, spaces and relations outside the rule sought to compete and maximise Kostopoulos, one should add the the early morning of December it serves. of the property. Through this law focus on the protection of the include as many people as possible them. Other buyers are wealthy At the beginning of 2017, several law also ramped up eviction costs marginalising the center-right of capital, outside the cycle of work- its wealth in order to provide thousands of locals and immigrants 18 using rubber bullets — the around 90% of homeowners were main family home of the poorest that are at risk of losing their homes. individuals, banks and loan sharks. left-wing organisations and as a way of discouraging people current that was dominant in the consumption-sleep. welfare to its members, in the who are deemed undeserving to operation that ended up with THEODOROS KARYOTIS