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Overview of Community Supported Agriculture in Europe

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Overview of Community Supported Agriculture in Europe European CSA Research Group (2016): Overview of Community Supported Agriculture in Europe. http://urgenci.net/the-csa-research-group/ 1st Edition, May 2016 Coordination: Peter Volz, Dr. Philipp Weckenbrock, Nicolas Cressot, Jocelyn Parot Editing: Róisin Nic Cóil Graphic Design: Alexandra Gribble, Florenz König Thanks to: Coventry University (CAWR), Urgenci, Agronauten, Maulwürfe, Matthislebauernhof, Sabine Storch. [email protected] ISBN: 976-2-9551195-5-6 Printed on certified paper This report is made available pursuant to a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial- ShareAlike 4.0 International License. financial support CSA for Europe Report 2015 Table of Contents Table of Contents 2 Foreword 4 Tauger Groh Preface 5 Elisabeth Henderson Emergent networks of citizen-led research and innovation in Europe 6 Michel Pimbert Introduction to Community Supported 10 Agriculture in Europe 8 Philipp Weckenbrock, Peter Volz, Jocelyn Parot, Nicolas Cressot Austria 12 Anneke Engel, Stephan Pabst, Elisabeth Steigberger, Lena Wellmann Belgium 16 Nicolas Cressot, Pepijn De Snijder Croatia 24 Danijel Balaban Czech Republic 26 Vratislava Janovská Finland 30 Noel Bruder France 32 Jocelyn Parot Germany 38 Katharina Kraiß, Sara Meißner Greece 44 Jenny Gkiougki Hungary 50 Zoltán Dezsény page 2 Table of Contents 56 Ireland Róisin Nic Cóil 62 Italy Chiara Aurora Demaldè, Adanella Rossi, Stefania Colombara 66 Lithuania Deimante Zigyte 70 Netherlands Marije Mulder 74 Norway Elin Romo Grande 78 Poland Julia Olszewska, Marta Sylla 82 Romania Adrian Briciu 86 Serbia Smilja Ignjatovic 90 Slovakia Alexander Fehér 94 Spain Daniel López Garcia 100 Sweden Tobias De Pessemier 104 Switzerland Gaëlle Bigler 110 United Kingdom Maresa Bossano 118 European CSAs in figures 126 Appendix A: The Census Appendix B: Nyéléni Declaration 130 for Agroecology page 3 CSA for Europe Report 2015 oreword Trauger Groh Trauger Groh is a pioneer in Community Supported Agriculture (CSA) from Germany who worked and learned at the Buschberghof in Northern Germany and then established the CSA concept at the Temple-Wilton Community Farm, USA in the beginning of the 1980s. From there and from Indian Line Farm where Robyn Van En was active, the inspiration bounced back to Europe. “The experiments in farming described in this book supported agriculture or CSA is slightly misleading. It implies represent new social forms of agriculture which have arisen in that the problem is special support for agriculture. Although it recent years while traditional family farms have declined and may seem a fine point, the primary need is not for the farm to industrial agriculture has increased. These new famers involve be supported by the community, but rather for the community many local families directly in the decisions and labor which to support itself through farming. This is an essential of produce the vegetables, fruits, milk, and meat they eat. In that existence, not a matter of convenience. We have no choice way they re-establish a link between the farm, the farmer, and about whether to farm or not, as we have a choice about the consumer. While this approach may not be the full answer whether to produce TV sets or not. So we have to either farm or to the questions posed by the modern agricultural dilemma, to support farms, every one of us, at any cost. We cannot give we believe it has much to offer. it up because it is inconvenient or unprofitable. […] “In simple terms, these efforts arise under the name “More and more people are coming to recognize this and Community Support Agriculture (CSA). A CSA is a community- they are becoming ready to share agricultural responsibilities based organization of growers and consumers. The consumer with the active farmers. […] households live independently, but agree to provide direct, up- “As we conceive of it—and as it is being practiced and front support for the local growers who produce their food. The developed at a great many farms—CSA is not just another growers agree to do their best to provide a sufficient quantity new and cleaver approach to marketing for farmers, even and quality of food to meet the needs and expectations of the thought some people have chosen to regard it that way. consumers. In this way the farms and families form a network Rather, community farming is about the necessary renewal of mutual support. Within this general framework there is wide of agriculture through its healthy linkage with the human latitudes for variation, depending on the resources and desires community that depends upon farms and farmers for survival. of the participants. No two community farms are entirely From experience, we also see the potential of community alike. […] farming as the basis for a renewal of the human relationship “As with many catch-all names, the term community with the earth.” This extract is from the introduction to the second book by Trauger Groh and Steven McFadden (emphasis added), Farms of Tomorrow Revisited: Community Supported Farms – Farm Supported Communities (Biodynamic Farming and Gardening Association, USA, 1998). Published with permission from Trauger’s wife, Alice Groh. page 4 Preface & Foreword reface Elizabeth Henderson Elizabeth Henderson is a farmer at Peacework Organic CSA which, in 2016, was in its twenty-eighth year. She is Honorary President of Urgenci and author of Sharing the Harvest: A Citizen’s Guide to Community Supported Agriculture (Chelsea Green, 2007). Community Supported Agriculture is an idea – a CSAs around the world share basic, underlying principles: tremendously flexible concept for a new consumer–farmer • Mutual assistance and solidarity – direct connections connection, an alternative system of distribution based on and shared risk between farmers and the people who community values and solidarity. The economics of direct eat their food sales make this a win–win solution for farmers and consumers. The farmer gets a decent price and the consumer pays less • Agroecological farming methods (sometimes requiring since there is no middleman. For the farmer, the CSA offers the organic certification) possibility of a broad support group of people who genuinely • Biodiversity and no Genetically Modified Organisms care about the farm’s survival and who are willing to share the farmer’s risks. Consumers have the opportunity to connect with • High quality, safe food that is accessible to as many the earth, know and trust the people who grow their food and people as possible with prices that are negotiated and support the local economy. fair to producer and consumer Each cultural group that adopts CSA shapes it differently to • Popular education about the realities of farming suit its own historical circumstances and each individual CSA • Continual improvement. is site-specific, modeled to fit the producers, their land, their beliefs, their customers and markets. The Nyéléni definition of Smallholder, family-scale farms in most countries share Agroecology fits CSA: the same life or death economic struggles confronting the industrial, corporate-dominated global food system. “Agroecology is a way of life and the language of Nature Supermarkets, convenience, packaged processed foods that we learn as her children. It is not a mere set of technologies entice modern consumers – and then undermine their health. or production practices. It cannot be implemented the same Betrayed, many modern city dwellers crave an alternative that way in all territories. Rather it is based on principles that, while will reconnect them with the food traditions of their ancestors, they may be similar across the diversity of our territories, can the land and with producers they can trust. CSA provides this and are practiced in many different ways, with each sector alternative. contributing their own colors of their local reality and culture, while always respecting Mother Earth and our common, This study reveals the fascinating similarities and differences shared values.” (Declaration of the International Forum for in the 21 European countries where the farms of the future are Agroecology, Nyéléni, Mali, 27 February 2015). creating new combinations of millennial peasant agriculture, the latest scientific discoveries in biological growing practices and hip communications. page 5 CSA for Europe Report 2015 Emergent networks of citizen-led research and innovation in Europe Michel Pimbert This remarkable report presents a critical analysis of the such, it offers insights into how horizontal networks of organized diverse forms of community-supported agriculture (CSA) that have citizens can help democratize food and agricultural research for emerged and are now spreading across Europe. Smallholder agroecology and food sovereignty (Pimbert, 2009). farmers and other citizens are organizing themselves to directly supply and consume food through these community-based This citizen-led and self-managed research on CSAs in forms of economic exchange. By choosing to be part of a CSA, Europe is perhaps best seen as part of a two-pronged approach citizens who consume farmers’ produce are acting not only as co- to transforming knowledge and ways of knowing for food producers of food but also as co-producers of farms, biodiversity, sovereignty. Self organizing and distributed forms of autonomous landscapes, culture, and new definitions of modernity. As Wendell research complement other efforts that seek to democratize public Berry said so well, eating is an agricultural act (Berry, 1993). sector agricultural research by enabling hitherto excluded farmers By involving citizen-consumers as active participants and co- and citizens to decide on research priorities and oversee the producers, CSAs create new local market outlets for organic and governance of research (Pimbert, 2009). agroecological products. CSA’s increasingly serve to remunerate farmers as well as support and scale up agroecological models of production in rural, peri-urban, and urban spaces. CSAs which The authors of this report recognize that there are gaps in enable and support agoecological production also reflect a knowledge and that more research is needed on the strengths, strong commitment to sustainable, territorially based development weaknesses, and potential of CSAs in Europe.
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