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The Port and Paris
Lebanese diaspora in France The Port and Paris Report | By Jonathan Dagher | 03.05.2021 Another protest in front of the Lebanese Embassy in Paris, foll owing the murder of Lokman Slim in February Photograph: Jonathan Dagher The 2019 protest movement and the Beirut port explosion galvanised political activism in the Lebanese diaspora. But the deepening crisis in Lebanon also puts them in a bind. The three women enter the Lebanese consulate in Paris swiftly, with apparent determination. They are followed by a fourth protester who films them, but their face masks shield their identities. One of them gets held back by a consulate employee who seemingly recognised the group’s intention. The other heads straight for the entrance hall where a portrait of Lebanese President Michel Aoun hangs in a fram e. In just seconds, she picks it off the wall and slams it to the floor. The frame shatters. The employees try to kick them out, “please, we will get penalized,” they can be heard saying on camera. But it’s too late, the shattered portrait is captured on film. After the affront at the consulate on September 11, 2020, the video made the rounds on social media in Lebanon. Six months after the event, people in Lebanon still recall that move as a brave and much needed message of solidarity from abroad. For many, it gave voice to the public anger bubbling in Beirut over a lack of accountability for the port’s explosion. Messages of admiration flooded the comment threads, but other users were outraged, decrying the move as vandalism, or even a crime. -
Beirut Port Explosions Response
BEIRUT PORT RESPONSE EXPLOSIONS Beirut Municipality Rapid Building-level Damage Assessment Municipality of Beirut and UN-Habitat October 2020 Working Version With support from Citation format: Municipality of Beirut and UN-Habitat (2020), Beirut: UN-Habitat Lebanon. Copyright © 2020 Municipality of Beirut and UN-Habitat. All rights reserved. Cover photo: © UN-Habitat (2020). PARTNERS Engineering and construction companies: Academic institutions: International non-governmental organisations: CREDITS UN-Habitat Lebanon Authors: Elie Mansour; Georges Abi Sleiman. GIS and IM: Christelle Bercachy. Data Analysis/Visualization and Report Production/Design Layout: Georges Abi Sleiman; Joseph Metni. Editor: Suzanne Maguire; Taina Christiansen Municipality of Beirut Head of Engineering Department: Jihad Bekaii. Hani Diab el-Arab; Maroun Abi Najem. TABLE OF CONTENTS Introduction 1 Purpose of report Administrative boundaries and assessment zones Background and context Methodology 3 Zoning Visual inspection steps for surveyors PURPOSE OF REPORT Habitability based on signs of damage Work progress milestones Findings 7 Coding of buildings for damage and habitability Assessment findings Next steps 9 Annex 10 360 degree surveys Responding to requests for municipal assistance Rubble removal Photo gallery ADMINISTRATIVE BOUNDARIES AND ASSESSMENT ZONES AND ASSESSMENT BOUNDARIES ADMINISTRATIVE INTRODUCTION The Port of Beirut explosions of 4th August 2020, evacuation whilst also providing evidence for formulating situated within the boundaries of the Municipality -
Analysis of Lebanon's Maritime Transport
ANALYSIS OF LEBAnon’s MARITIME TRANSPORT BankMed - Market & Economic Research Division SPECIAL REPORT Analysis of Lebanon’s Maritime Transport - July 2014 TABLE OF CONTENTS Global Maritime Transport 3 Lebanon’s Maritime Transport 14 Port of Beirut 16 Organizational History and Infrastructure 16 Port Performance 17 Imports and Exports 17 Tonnage Transported and Ships Received 21 Passengers’ Terminal 23 General Cargo Terminal 24 Container Terminal 25 UNCTAD Liner Shipping Connectivity Index 26 Generated Income 28 BankMed - Market & Economic Research Division 2 SPECIAL REPORT Analysis of Lebanon’s Maritime Transport - July 2014 GLOBAL MARITIME TRANSPORT Driven by the increase in China’s local demand and rising intra-Asian and South–South trade, world seaborne trade outperformed the global economy, with volumes expanding at about 4.3% annually in 2012 and 2013. In fact, during 2013, about 9.6 billion tons of goods were loaded in ports worldwide. Specifically, tanker trade (crude oil, petroleum products, and gas) accounted for almost one-third of the total while dry cargo (goods that are not liquid like metals, coal, and grain) was responsible for most of the remaining share. Dry cargo shipments witnessed a strong 5.8% growth during 2013, driven mainly by the rapid expansion in dry bulk volumes. In particular, the rising Asian demand for iron ore and coal resulted in an expansion of major dry bulk shipments by 7.2% in 2012 and 4.8% in 2013. China, a significant contributor to the growth of world seaborne trade in recent years, continues to record impressive import volumes of dry bulk. As for containerized trade, it continued to witness modest growth with volumes increasing by 2.4% in 2013. -
Timeline / Before 1800 to After 1930 / LEBANON
Timeline / Before 1800 to After 1930 / LEBANON Date Country Theme 1800 - 1900 Lebanon Cities And Urban Spaces Some features of 19th-century architecture in Lebanon have their origins in the era of Fakhr al-Din II. He had built khans and caravanserais to encourage trade and he introduced the red-tile technique, which became a typical element in Lebanese architecture. The mashrabiyya (wooden screens), used in buildings of Fakhr al- Din’s era, are still used in 19th-century Lebanese architecture. 1821 - 1825 Lebanon Political Context Bashir Shihab II, who was elected as amir in 1788 under Ottoman suzerainty, is overthrown when he backs Acre, and flees to Egypt, later to return and form an army. Bashir Jumblatt, the Druze leader, gathers the Druze factions and declares a rebellion that leads to massacres and battles with the Maronites who support Bashir Shihab. 1825 Lebanon Political Context Bashir Shihab II, helped by the Ottomans and by Ahmad Pasha al-Jazzar (governor of Acre), defeats his rival in the Battle of Simqanieh. Bashir Jumblatt dies in Acre at the order of al-Jazzar. Bashir II represses the Druze rebellion, particularly in and around Beirut. This makes Bashir II the only leader of Mount Lebanon. 1831 Lebanon Political Context Bashir II breaks away from the Ottoman Empire, allies with Muhammad ‘Ali Pasha of Egypt and assists his son Ibrahim Pasha in a siege of Acre. This siege lasts seven months before the fall of the city on 27 May 1832. They also conquer Damascus on 14 June 1832. 1836 Lebanon Travelling The discovery of the Jeita Grotto, credited to Reverend William Thomson. -
Lebanon: Renewed Instability Following August Blast
INSIGHTi Lebanon: Renewed Instability Following August Blast August 17, 2020 On August 10, Lebanese Prime Minister Hassan Diab and his cabinet resigned in the wake of a massive explosion at the port of Beirut that killed at least 178 people and injured thousands. The blast displaced an estimated 300,000 people, and Lebanese President Michel Aoun estimated the damage at the port to be roughly $15 billion. The explosion triggered widespread outrage among citizens, and has generated renewed protests—at times violent—against Lebanon’s political leaders. Diab’s resignation leaves Lebanon’s government in caretaker status with reduced authorities. Observers speculate that the country could become mired in months of government formation at a time of economic and humanitarian crisis, leaving it vulnerable to paralysis and greater social unrest. Policymakers may review U.S. assistance to Lebanon in the wake of growing humanitarian and economic needs, and in the context of potential shifts in the country’s political leadership. Renewed Protest Movement The August 4 blast renewed the momentum of the protest movement that began in October 2019 and led to the resignation that month of Saad Hariri, the previous prime minister. Following the explosion, thousands of protesters returned to the streets, expressing rage with the country’s political leadership, which reportedly knew of the risks posed by ammonium nitrate stored at the port but took no action. Over 700 civilians were wounded in clashes with security forces, according to the Lebanese Red Cross, and some reports have accused security forces of using excessive force. Protesters called for international aid to be channeled directly to local organizations, bypassing Lebanese state institutions that Lebanese describe as corrupt. -
What Kind of Future for the Port of Beirut?
What kind of future for the Port of Beirut? by Leila J. Sawaya Bachelor of Engineering, Civil and Environmental Engineering, American University of Beirut, 2000 Submitted to the Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Master of Science in Civil and Environmental Engineering at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology September 2002 @ Massachusetts Institute of Technology 2002. All rights reserved. Signature of Author- Department of CiUji and Environmental Engineering August 16, 2002 Certified by: Professor Fred Moavenzadeh Departmen of Civil and Environmental Engineering / Thesis Co-Supervisor Accepted by_ K Oral Buyukozturk Chairman, Departmental Committee on Graduate Studies What kind of future for the Port of Beirut? by Leila J. Sawaya Submitted to the Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering on August 23, 2002, in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Science in Civil and Environmental Engineering ABSTRACT The purpose of my thesis is to try to determine whether the port of Beirut can take advantage of his geographical position and redefine its role as either a transshipment hub or a transit gateway. It is obvious that in the present there are various new players that were able to take advantage of their location and of the technological changes to improve the performance of their ports while Lebanon was still trying to recover from its destroying war. The advance in technologies and the move to containerized traffic have rendered old port structures completely obsolete in favor of new ports that were able to cater for the new needs of this century. -
The Demobilisation of the Lebanese Militias
PROSPECTS FOR LEBANON The Demobilization of the Lebanese Militias Elizabeth Bicard ---- --- --- -- ------- ----- -- - Centre for Lebanese Studies ----------- - -- 59 Observatory Street, Oxford OX2 6EP. Tel: 0186558565 O Centre for Lebanese Studies Published by the Centrefor Lebanese Studies Oxford The Centrefor Lebanese Studies is a privately-funded, independent research instituteion devoted to the study of Lebanon, its history and the issues presently confronting it. Books in the Centre's series are published in the interest ofpublic information. They represent thefree expression of their authors' opinions and do not necessarily indicate thejudgement or opinion of the Centre. ISBN.. 1 870552 64 4 ISSN: 0953-7341 Designed and Typeset by Oxford Publishing Sewices Printed in Great Britain by Oxonian Rewley Press Ltd. Contents A Political Decision with Military Consequences Condition and Test of the Restoration of State Authority Between Consensus and Contradiction The Progressive Socialist Party: To Remain Autonomous Amal: We are the State Hizballah: The Struggle Goes on . The Lebanese Forces: Excluded The South Lebanon Army: Pariahs A Traumatized Society The Aftermath of a Militia Economy Reconstructing the State Militia Mediation Amnesty and Collective Memory The Demobilization ojthe Lebanese Militias ,% Elizabeth Picard Although the war in Lebanon began at a time when the cold war was still making an impact on the entire Middle East, it nevertheless possessed many traits characteristic of conflicts in the post-bipolar era. Such traits included the prevalence of communal mobilization over ideological cleavages, close interaction between domestic and inter- ational spheres, interwoven economic and political interests, and alternate cycles of violence and tranquillity. Many analysts came to consider the conflict in Lebanon as the paradigm of contemporary wars. -
Lebanon's Legacy of Political Violence
LEBANON Lebanon’s Legacy of Political Violence A Mapping of Serious Violations of International Human Rights and Humanitarian Law in Lebanon, 1975–2008 September 2013 International Center Lebanon’s Legacy of Political Violence for Transitional Justice Acknowledgments The Lebanon Mapping Team comprised Lynn Maalouf, senior researcher at the Memory Interdisciplinary Research Unit of the Center for the Study of the Modern Arab World (CEMAM); Luc Coté, expert on mapping projects and fact-finding commissions; Théo Boudruche, international human rights and humanitarian law consultant; and researchers Wajih Abi Azar, Hassan Abbas, Samar Abou Zeid, Nassib Khoury, Romy Nasr, and Tarek Zeineddine. The team would like to thank the committee members who reviewed the report on behalf of the university: Christophe Varin, CEMAM director, who led the process of setting up and coordinating the committee’s work; Annie Tabet, professor of sociology; Carla Eddé, head of the history and international relations department; Liliane Kfoury, head of UIR; and Marie-Claude Najm, professor of law and political science. The team extends its special thanks to Dima de Clerck, who generously shared the results of her fieldwork from her PhD thesis, “Mémoires en conflit dans le Liban d’après-guerre: le cas des druzes et des chrétiens du Sud du Mont-Liban.” The team further owes its warm gratitude to the ICTJ Beirut office team, particularly Carmen Abou Hassoun Jaoudé, Head of the Lebanon Program. ICTJ thanks the European Union for their support which made this project possible. International Center for Transitional Justice The International Center for Transitional Justice (ICTJ) works to redress and prevent the most severe violations of human rights by confronting legacies of mass abuse. -
Feudalism in the Age of Neoliberalism: a Century of Urban and Rural Co-Dependency in Lebanon
Berkeley Planning Journal 31 50 Feudalism in the Age of Neoliberalism: A Century of Urban and Rural Co-dependency in Lebanon ANAHID ZARIG SIMITIAN Abstract The urban and rural co-dependency in Lebanon has been drastically transformed and further heightened since the joining of both territories with the Declaration of Greater Lebanon on September 1st, 1920. The lack of any formal planning during the past century has driven socio-political and economic forces to shape or disfigure the built environment. Historians, geographers, and urban planners have addressed Lebanon’s urban-rural divide by highlighting unequal development. Even still, a comprehensive overview of key historical moments that investigates migrations and the economic system is needed to understand the current co-dependent and conflicted relationship between both territories. Accordingly, this paper explores the urban and rural dynamics starting from the early nineteenth century to modern- day Lebanon, by juxtaposing the flow of migrations between Mount Lebanon and Beirut with the country’s neoliberal economic policies. This analysis is derived from historical books, articles, and theses on the region and aims to highlight the integration of the rural feudalist- sectarian structure with the hyper-financialized urban neoliberal system. Keywords: Beirut, Mount Lebanon, Migrations, Neoliberalism, Feudalism Introduction A century since the establishment of modern Lebanon, the Middle Eastern country by the Mediterranean has yet to witness a comprehensive planning of both its urban and rural territories. The lack of formal planning has allowed sociopolitical and economic forces to take hold of and morph the built environment. Accordingly, the urban-rural divide in Lebanon highlights a context where the absence of state development initia- tives has allowed migrations and the banking system, through the influx of people and the flow of capital, to merge both territories into a co-dependent entity. -
The Rhosus: Arrival in Beirut
HUMAN RIGHTS “They Killed Us from the Inside” An Investigation into the August 4 Beirut Blast WATCH “They Killed Us from the Inside” An Investigation into the August 4 Beirut Blast Copyright © 2021 Human Rights Watch All rights reserved. Printed in the United States of America ISBN: 978-1-62313-931-5 Cover design by Rafael Jimenez Human Rights Watch defends the rights of people worldwide. We scrupulously investigate abuses, expose the facts widely, and pressure those with power to respect rights and secure justice. Human Rights Watch is an independent, international organization that works as part of a vibrant movement to uphold human dignity and advance the cause of human rights for all. Human Rights Watch is an international organization with staff in more than 40 countries, and offices in Amsterdam, Beirut, Berlin, Brussels, Chicago, Geneva, Goma, Johannesburg, London, Los Angeles, Moscow, Nairobi, New York, Paris, San Francisco, Sydney, Tokyo, Toronto, Tunis, Washington DC, and Zurich. For more information, please visit our website: http://www.hrw.org AUGUST 2021 ISBN: 978-1-62313-931-5 “They Killed Us from the Inside” An Investigation into the August 4 Beirut Blast Summary ........................................................................................................................... 1 Methodology ...................................................................................................................... 9 Port of Beirut: A Case Study in Lebanese Authorities’ Mismanagement and Corruption ...... 11 The Rhosus: -
Fallow Fields, Famine and the Making of Lebanon
FALLOW FIELDS FAMINE AND THE MAKING OF LEBANON A Dissertation submitted to the Faculty of the Graduate School of Arts and Sciences of Georgetown University in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in History By Graham A. Pitts, M.A. Washington, DC June 3, 2016 Copyright 2016 by Graham A. Pitts All Rights Reserved ii FALLOW FIELDS: FAMINE AND THE MAKING OF LEBANON Graham A. Pitts, M.A. Thesis Advisor: John R. McNeill, Ph.D. ABSTRACT This dissertation narrates Lebanon’s environmental history through the lens of the country’s World War I famine. My analysis uses the catastrophe as a prism through which to reconstruct Lebanese agrarian life. Between 1887 and 1914, as many as 150,000 Lebanese migrated to the Americas. On the war’s eve, remittances from abroad formed the largest source of income for the Lebanese, followed by the export of silk. Wartime conditions made both sources of income all but impossible to obtain and the ensuing famine exposed the vulnerabilities of Lebanon’s reliance on global flows of humans and capital. One in three Lebanese perished during the war. Years of demographic instability became a crisis of excess mortality once the war denied the population access to its livelihood and the safety valve of migration. By taking the human relationship with the rest of nature as its unit of analysis, my study posits broad continuities between the late Ottoman period and the French Mandate era whereas most studies have seen World War I, and the subsequent imposition of French colonialism, as a decisive rupture. -
Joining Forces for a New Beirut Port Area a STRATEGIC STUDY
Joining forces for a new Beirut port area A STRATEGIC STUDY April 2021 2 STUDY Joining forces for a new Beirut port area – a strategic study Disclaimer This study presents the results of a research project that has been partly co-financed by the German Federal Ministry of Economic Cooperation. It shows the findings and content that have been developed by and under the responsibility of Roland Berger, unless otherwise stated. Wherever content has been developed jointly with others (mainly in the strategic options, business development strategy and spatial development strategy sections), this is clearly indicated. The main project work took place between November 2020 and January 2021. Our analysis builds on data extracted from expert and stakeholder interviews and news sources as well as the Lebanese Customs and Port of Beirut websites, and is thus subject to certain limitations (see Footnote 7). This study presents our best estimates. However, it is possible that the data that we used may not accurately reflect conditions at the port. It should further be noted that the forecast analysis is only indicative, due to the highly volatile situation in Lebanon. The eventual outcome in future years will depend strongly on political and economic developments in the country and the broader region. In addition, the spatial recommendations for the port are purely indicative and subject to further research, including prefeasibility and (technical) feasibility studies. 3 STUDY Joining forces for a new Beirut port area – a strategic study Executive summary The goal of this study is to provide a basis for kick-starting the reforms needed to make the Port of Beirut an efficient economic hub for Lebanon.