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ANÁLISE TAXONÔMICA DE DUAS POPULAÇÕES DO GÊNERO Hygronemobius POR MEIO DA ULTRAMORFOLOGIA, MORFOMETRIA, BIOACÚSTICA E ASPE

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ANÁLISE TAXONÔMICA DE DUAS POPULAÇÕES DO GÊNERO Hygronemobius POR MEIO DA ULTRAMORFOLOGIA, MORFOMETRIA, BIOACÚSTICA E ASPE UNIVERSIDADE ESTADUAL PAULISTA “JÚLIO DE MESQUITA FILHO” INSTITUTO DE BIOCIÊNCIAS - RIO CLARO PROGRAMA DE PÓS-GRADUAÇÃO EM CIÊNCIAS BIOLÓGICAS ÁREA DE ZOOLOGIA ANÁLISE TAXONÔMICA DE DUAS POPULAÇÕES DO GÊNERO Hygronemobius POR MEIO DA ULTRAMORFOLOGIA, MORFOMETRIA, BIOACÚSTICA E ASPECTOS ECOLÓGICOS (ORTHOPTERA, GRYLLIDAE, NEMOBIINAE) AKIO RONALDO MIYOSHI Dissertação apresentada ao Instituto de Biociências do Campus de Rio Claro, Universidade Estadual Paulista, como parte dos requisitos para obtenção do título de Mestre em Ciências Biológicas (Zoologia) RIO CLARO Estado de São Paulo - Brasil Setembro - 2006 UNIVERSIDADE ESTADUAL PAULISTA “JÚLIO DE MESQUITA FILHO” INSTITUTO DE BIOCIÊNCIAS - RIO CLARO PROGRAMA DE PÓS-GRADUAÇÃO EM CIÊNCIAS BIOLÓGICAS ÁREA DE ZOOLOGIA ANÁLISE TAXONÔMICA DE DUAS POPULAÇÕES DO GÊNERO Hygronemobius POR MEIO DA ULTRAMORFOLOGIA, MORFOMETRIA, BIOACÚSTICA E ASPECTOS ECOLÓGICOS (ORTHOPTERA, GRYLLIDAE, NEMOBIINAE) AKIO RONALDO MIYOSHI Orientador: Prof. Dr. Alejo Mesa Co-orientadora: Prof. Dra. Carmem Sílvia Fontanetti Christofoletti Dissertação apresentada ao Instituto de Biociências do Campus de Rio Claro, Universidade Estadual Paulista, como parte dos requisitos para obtenção do título de Mestre em Ciências Biológicas (Zoologia) RIO CLARO Estado de São Paulo - Brasil Setembro - 2006 595.72 Miyoshi, Akio Ronaldo M685a Análise taxonômica de duas populações do gênero Hygronemobius por meio da ultramorfologia, morfometria, bioacústica e aspectos ecológicos (Orthoptera, Gryllidae, Nemobiinae) / Akio Ronaldo Miyoshi. – Rio Claro : [s.n.], 2006 100 f. : il., figs., gráfs., tabs. Dissertação (mestrado) – Universidade Estadual Paulista, Instituto de Biociências de Rio Claro Orientador: Carmem Silvia Fontanetti Christofoletti 1. Ortóptero. 2. Grilos. 3. Escleritos fálicos. 4. Microsco- pia eletrônica de varredura. 5. História natural. 6. Mata Atlântica. I. Título. Ficha Catalográfica elaborada pela STATI – Biblioteca da UNESP Campus de Rio Claro/SP i AGRADECIMENTOS Ao Prof. Dr. Alejo Mesa e a Profa. Dra. Carmem S. Fontanetti pela oportunidade e orientação. Ao Prof. Dr. Elliot W. Kitajima do Núcleo de Apoio à Pesquisa em Microscopia Eletrônica Aplicada à Pesquisa Agropecuária (NAP/MEPA) da ESALQ-USP pela orientação, treinamento e permissão de uso dos seus equipamentos e principalmente pelo seu incentivo, confiança e imensa contribuição em minha formação científica. Ao Saladinha, Paulo e Francisco do núcleo citado acima, pelo auxilio em vários momentos de total desespero. Ao Prof. Dr. Jacques M. E. Vielliard (UNICAMP), Prof. Dr. Marcos Gridi Papp (UNESP-Rio Claro), Prof. Dr Célio Haddad (UNESP-Rio Claro), Prof. Dr. Edison Zefa (Universidade Federal de Pelotas), Mestre Sith Luis Felipe (UNESP-Rio Claro), Mestra erótica Juliana Zina (UNESP-Rio Claro) e João Gabriel Kiwi (UNESP-Rio Claro) pela orientação na parte de bioacústica e pela imensa contribuição em minha formação científica. A Profa. Dra. Kátia Matiotti (PUC-RS), Prof. Dr. Mario Elgueta (Museo Nacional de Historia Natural de Chile), Profa. Dra. Maria H. M. Galileo (Fundação Zoobotânica do Rio Grande do Sul), Profa. Msc. Simone P. Rosa (Museu de Zoologia da USP) e Profa. Dra. Marcela L. Monné (Museu de Zoologia da USP) pela ajuda na parte taxonômica e morfológica. Aos proprietários e administradores da Fazenda Capricórnio, em especial ao Sr. Carlos Rizzo e Sr. Salvador pela permissão da coleta. A Cristiane MÁRCIA Miléo pelo auxilio na montagem das pranchas. Aos técnicos Antônio T. Yabuki e Mônika Iamonte pelo auxílio no preparo do material para MEV. Ao CNPq pela bolsa de estudo concedida. Ao Prof. Dr. Odair Corrêa Bueno (Centro de Estudos de Insetos Sociais), Dr. Caetano, Lord Sith Daniel Petrere Junior e Ricardo da Silva Ribeiro, pela ajuda nas fotos dos pedaços dos grilos. A Profa. Dra. Ana Maria Costa-Leonardo (UNESP-Rio Claro) e Mestra SENHORA GAIJIN Rogilene A. Prado (UNESP-Rio Claro) pela ajuda na parte de MEV. Ao Mestre Cauré B. Portugal pelas diversas caronas de coleta. ii ÍNDICE Página RESUMO...................................................................................................................................... 1 ABSTRACT................................................................................................................................. 2 1. INTRODUÇÃO......................................................................................................................... 3 2. REVISÃO DA LITERATURA............................................................................................... 6 2.1 Posição taxonômica do gênero Hygronemobius.............................................................. 6 2.2 Espécies de Hygronemobius............................................................................................. 6 2.3 Características do mecanismo de produção sonora nos grilos......................................... 9 2.4 Características e importância do sinal acústico nos grilos............................................... 11 2.5 Nomenclatura acústica..................................................................................................... 13 2.6 O proventrículo como caráter taxonômico....................................................................... 13 2.7 Genitália masculina.......................................................................................................... 15 3. MATERIAL E MÉTODOS...................................................................................................... 17 3.1 Material............................................................................................................................ 17 3.1.1 Local e período das coletas................................................................................. 17 3.1.2 Depositário.......................................................................................................... 19 3.2 Métodos............................................................................................................................ 19 3.2.1 Ilustração de machos e fêmeas............................................................................ 19 3.2.2 Morfologia externa.............................................................................................. 19 3.2.3 Microscopia eletrônica de varredura................................................................... 19 3.2.4 Morfologia do complexo fálico........................................................................... 20 3.2.5 Morfologia da tégmina e da pars stridens........................................................... 20 3.2.6 Morfometria externa............................................................................................ 20 3.2.7 Morfometria da pars stridens.............................................................................. 21 3.2.8 Método de gravação............................................................................................ 22 3.2.9 Análise do som.................................................................................................... 22 3.2.10 Depositário sonoro............................................................................................ 22 3.2.11 Análise estatística.............................................................................................. 23 4. RESULTADOS.......................................................................................................................... 24 4.1 Morfologia externa........................................................................................................... 24 4.1.1 Rio Indaiá-Macho................................................................................................ 24 4.1.2 Rio Indaiá-Fêmea................................................................................................ 28 4.1.3 Trilha-Macho....................................................................................................... 29 4.1.4 Trilha-Fêmea....................................................................................................... 29 4.2 Morfologia do proventrículo............................................................................................ 29 4.3 Morfologia da tégmina..................................................................................................... 31 4.4 Morfologia da pars stridens............................................................................................. 33 4.5 Morfologia dos ovos......................................................................................................... 33 4.6 Morfologia do complexo fálico........................................................................................ 34 4.7 Morfometria dos caracteres externos, da pars stridens e dimorfismo sexual no tamanho 36 4.8 Análise acústica................................................................................................................ 37 4.8.1 Som de chamado das duas populações.................................................................. 37 4.8.3 Som de corte da população do rio indaiá............................................................ 38 4.9 Comportamento de corte e cópula.................................................................................... 38 4.10 Observações ecológicas.................................................................................................. 38 iii 5. DISCUSSÃO.............................................................................................................................
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