PPELÍCULAS QUE NUNCA HUBIÉRAMOS VISTO AUDIOVISUALES Josep Vilageliu

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PPELÍCULAS QUE NUNCA HUBIÉRAMOS VISTO AUDIOVISUALES Josep Vilageliu PELÍCULAS QUE NUNCA P HUBIÉRAMOS VISTO AUDIOVISUALES Josep Vilageliu ropiezo como por casualidad con una película de un direc- Ttor francés que no conozco. La película se llama Twentynine Palms, di- rigida en 2003 en Estados Unidos por Bruno Dumont. Me entero de que la película ha suscitado controversias. En Internet veo que es autor de otras obras tan inquietantes como desconocidas en España, de La vie de Jesus en 1997, de L´Humanité en 1999 y de la más reciente Flandres, un alegato contra la guerra, de una dureza extrema. Antes de ser cineasta ejercía como profesor de fi losofía, al igual que Terrence Malich. Twentynine Palms es su tercera pelícu- la, la primera rodada lejos de su país, rodada en inglés en el entorno desér- Año Cero. Rosellini. tico del Parque Nacional Joshua Tree. terminan aquí. La sombra de Antonio- La historia de esta pareja que se inter- ni sobrevuela todo el cine contemporá- na en el páramo con una débil excusa neo, en su intento de expresar una zozo- argumental, la relación de sus cuerpos bra humana en un mundo cada vez más con el paisaje ilimitado que les rodea, la inhumano. Bruno Dumont mantiene propia aventura americana de su direc- el plano sobre David y Katia mientras tor, me traen a la cabeza las imágenes conducen por una pista de tierra inter- de Zabriskie Point. Las semejanzas no minable. Más tarde, la cámara los fi lma Cuadernos del Ateneo 83 Josep Vilageliu en plano general mientras follan sobre la cama. Él es americano y habla inglés, ella es rusa y se entienden un poco con el francés y el inglés. Se aburren, dis- cuten, se aman, se separan, van de un sitio a otro sin motivo aparente, los días se hacen interminables. Dumont, ade- más, se suma a la nómina de directores que tratan de borrar la diferencia entre el porno y el cine comercial, incluyen- do escenas de sexo no simulado. A di- ferencia de las provocativas felaciones en primer plano de Vincent Gallo (The brown Bunny, 2003) o de Carlos Reyga- das (Batalla en el cielo, 2005), Dumont sólo pretende un mayor realismo. Ob- Albert Serra. serva a sus criaturas desde una distancia incómoda. Busca entre sus conocidos a te. Luego, parco en cumplidos, afi rma personas que físicamente den la imagen que su “interpretación es muy Actor´s y se dedica a fi lmar sus cuerpos en mo- Studio”. vimiento. Es tal su fuerza de persuasión En el libro que acompaña la presen- que se levantó un escándalo en Cannes tación en DVD de Paisa de Roberto cuando recibieron el premio por su in- Rosellini, editado por El País y Cahiers terpretación en L´humanité, al descu- du cinéma, Hélène Frappat hace hinca- brirse que no eran actores. pié en la importancia fundacional de Leo en el número 12 de Cahiers du Viaggio in Italia. Para Hélène Frappat, cinéma España una crónica de Mark la tensión creativa de dos formas de tra- Peranson, redactor jefe de la revista bajo antagónicas produjo el milagro de canadiense Cinemascope. El ampurda- la invención del cine moderno. Fueron nés Albert Serra lo ha contratado para los años con Ingrid Bergman, la frialdad interpretar a San José en su particular nórdica que sustituyó a la vehemencia versión del auto de los Reyes Magos. de Anna Magnani frente a la cámara. La escena se rueda en las Cañadas del Una relación que se extendió entre Teide. Albert Serra hace caminar a sus 1949 y 1954 en cinco largometrajes. actores sin instrucciones previas. Su Rosellini, como Albert Serra, no fi lma a guión, escrito en tres días, no ha ser- un actor que interpreta sino a un cuer- vido más que para poner en marcha po que se expresa. Deja que camine du- el proyecto y pedir las perras. En otro rante horas interminables, que ascienda momento, le pide que mire al horizon- hasta la cima del volcán en Stromboli o 84 Cuadernos del Ateneo Audiovisuales que deambule sin objetivo por las calles no dispone de otras herramientas de de Nápoles en Te querré siempre. análisis, acerca el fi lm a una concepción Figuras en un paisaje, como en más ensayística, donde lo importante es Twentynine Palms y, en general, en el cómo incluir a los personajes dentro del cine de Bruno Dumont, que fi lma los decorado y “restituir la duración real de exteriores como paisajes interiores de los un acontecimiento”. Guarner intuyó de protagonistas. Podemos imaginarnos el alguna forma esta disolución tan actual desconcierto de Ingrid Bergman, acos- de las fronteras entre los géneros, donde tumbrada a los rodajes planifi cados, a un plano puede durar más de lo debido la biblia del story board, a la coherencia y un rostro justifi ca toda una película. de los guionistas de Hollywood. Rose- El cuerpo fascina a los cineastas. Con llini no le ofrece solidez sino compleji- el cuerpo los actores se expresan, mejor dad. Incertidumbre ante las respuestas que con las palabras. El lenguaje del que reclama. cine siempre fue el secreto lenguaje de Este discurso del cuerpo es algo nue- los cuerpos. Israel Paredes lo entiende vo. La crítica de cine había estado más así en un libro (Imágenes del cuerpo, Edt. interesada en discernir signifi cados o en Ocho y medio, 2007) cuyo título me cartografi ar secretos ritmos. En 1973 la atrae más que la sosa imagen de su por- editorial Fundamentos edita un libro tada, el rostro velado de un actor inclui- de José Luis Guarner sobre Rosellini, do en un fotograma. Adquiero el libro y que surge ante la necesidad de com- dentro de sus páginas encuentro a Bru- prender a un cineasta que había “trai- no Dumont, a Claire Denis, a Catheri- cionado” los fundamentos de un cine ne Breillat, a Olivier Assayas, a Vincent neorrealista en cuya génesis ha colabo- Gallo, junto a cineastas orientales como rado. Según los historiadores, se apartó los chinos Hou Hsiao-Hsien y Wong de esta corriente para seguir derroteros Kar Wai, el malayo Tsai Ming-Liang, más inciertos en su asociación con In- el coreano Kim Ki-Duk o el tailandés grid Bergman. Guarner identifi ca un Pen Ek Ratanaruang. Cineastas que han sustrato documental en Stromboli, terra adquirido un raro prestigio y los festiva- di Dio (1950) en la descripción de las les se los disputan cada año. Cineastas faenas pesqueras de los habitantes de la que exploran el cuerpo de modo radical, isla, pero también en el recorrido físi- más allá de su representación en el cine co, casi telúrico de la protagonista por dominante, más allá de su burda utili- las coladas del volcán. Más complicado zación en nombre del erotismo. Nom- lo tiene con Viaggio in Italia (1953), bres que se me van haciendo amigables. que carece de argumento, y que defi - Imágenes fulgurantes que van dejando ne como una “película sobre el tiempo huella en mis recuerdos. y la duración”, de la misma forma que Bruno Dumont es sólo un ejemplo Stromboli lo era sobre el espacio. Como de los muchos directores importantes Cuadernos del Ateneo 85 Josep Vilageliu que todavía desconocemos en España, como Claire Denis, que aprendió con Rivette y tra- bajó con Wim Wenders antes de rodar sus pro- pias películas. O directores que conocemos par- cialmente, como Olivier Assayas, de quien sólo había visto la extraña Demonlover (2002), y eso sin movernos del cine galo. Compruebo que mi conocimiento de la historia del cine está lleno de agujeros. De Alain Resnais, que sigue en activo, me quedé con las imágenes de El año pasado en Marienbad y de Hiroshima, mon amour. Veo una de sus obras más recientes, el díptico Smoking y No Smoking (1993) y quedo confundido, este fi lm tan juguetón no se corresponde con la serie- dad de sus primeras obras. De Denis me impresiona su manera tan física de fi lmar las emociones. Compruebo que tiene mi edad, nació en 1948, en París. En Trouble Every Day (2001) recurre a los estilemas del cine de terror para acercarse a la agonía del deseo, al amor que sólo se satisface con la canibalización del otro. Claire Denis sabe que para capturar la pasión hay que hacer arder la carne. La cámara recorre la piel enfebrecida de sus actores, bus- cando la sensación de los cuerpos que se buscan en los pasillos de los hoteles o en los asientos de primera clase de los aviones. Pero también sabe capturar los pequeños detalles, como cuando Vincent Gallo mira a su esposa bañarse y fi lma un plano del vello púbico moviéndose en el agua. En Vendredi soir (2002) prescinde de la psicolo- gía para describir una relación amorosa de un fi n de semana. Sólo le interesan los gestos. En L´Intrus (2004) prescinde ya de cualquier coar- tada argumental y fi lma tan solo las emociones. Elimina del guión las estrategias de causalidad y fi nalidad que guían al espectador. Los personajes recorren el mundo en un movimiento perpetuo de fuga, sabiendo de antemano que no podrán 86 Cuadernos del Ateneo Audiovisuales restablecer el orden perdido. El fi lm tado la muerte del cine, una de las mu- desprende una intensa sensación de or- chas muertes de su manera de entender fandad, de extrañamiento, tanto en la el cine, nos dice Hélène Frappat. La crí- búsqueda incesante de los personajes tica suele ver ahora las películas como como en la frenética búsqueda de senti- piedras angulares de una historia del do que me provoca como espectador. cine que nos ha ido dejando cadáveres Compruebo con agrado que en el por el camino.
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