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An Excursion Into the Unnecessary the Silence

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An Excursion Into the Unnecessary the Silence BOOK REVIEWS I would call "nonproductive" directions, in that he tries to explain one mystery PHILOSOPHICAL An Excursion into with another mystery. This simply will INTERACTIONS not do, as it does not really "explain" WITH anything. Prices new mystery is called 'ARAPSYCHOLOGY the Unnecessary by him the "psychic ether" hypothesis. GORDON STEIN Hie Mjjoi VC'iiiuigi Although many scientists (at least those of H.H. riicc II n [Wipiychologr with a knowledge of science history) Phibsophical Interactions with Parapsychology: The Major Writings of and Suivivil would wince at this revival of a discred- H. H. Price on Parapsychology and Survival. Edited by Frank B. rorrvDivnuNKB own Dillcy. St. Martins Press, New York, 1995. ISBN 0-333-59838-5. ited word (ether). Price tries to define it 294 pp. Hardcover, $59-95. as follows: It is a state intermediate between "mind" and "matter." Price hilosophical Interactions with the real threat to the religious outlook. points out that in Eastern philosophy, Parapsychology is a collection of The phenomena of parapsychology, if there is indeed such an intermediate P journal articles, lectures, and they are real, require a modification (or state, and the dichotomy felt in the West book reviews by the British philosopher even a discarding) of the materialist out- between the two is really more of a con- H . H. Price (1894-1984). Price, at look, thus freeing religion to have its tinuum. He gives as an example the Oxford, was quite interested in deriving "phenomena" without fear that they will memory we have (the image) of a a philosophical explanation or system be disparaged by the holders of a scientific friend's face after the friend is no longer that would be consistent with the exis- oudook as not fitting into the real world. in our presence. There is a sort of an tence of parapsychological phenomena. 1 think that Price is correct about rhis. image present and Price claims that this He accepted as real and demonstrated Here we have rhe heart of the matter "Ether of Images" has both mental and telepathy, hauntings, telekinesis, survival in another way, as well. Perhaps a num- material properties. of death, precognition, clairvoyance, ber of people (scientists included) are My response would be that all and mediumship. He tried to explain anxious to "jump the gun" in their theo- "thoughts" fit into this category, but how these could occur in a world gov- rizing about the paranormal because they they may be only the brain's response to erned by logic and scientific explana- are troubled by the limitations of the chemical or electrical stimuli. Price has tions that did not seem to allow these materialist outlook when it comes to reli- added an additional layer of explanation phenomena, as described. gion. Motivations other than a search for to something that may be satisfactorily Price, it seems, has gotten off on the the truth of how the universe functions explained without it. This then becomes (no matter how idealistic this sounds) wrong foot. He has felt the necessity to an Occam's razor problem, in which we should be suspect. We would all like the explain phenomena that may not yet are guided to accept the simpler, ade- universe to function in a way that makes need an explanation. If the phenomena quate explanation of two offered. In us feel comfortable, but that may very are not real, then no explanation is short, this book is an interesting excur- well not be the way it really works. needed. Price was, it now seems reason- sion by a brilliant mind into the realm of able to say, a bit premature in his accep- Prices theorizing leads him into what the unnecessary. tance of the definitiveness of these phe- nomena. Anecdotal evidence and some of the not-quite-convincing experimen- tal evidence are not adequate to confirm The Silence of the that any of the phenomena actually exist. They may, but there is still no need Co develop a philosophical system until Persecuting Prosecutors this has been established. Otherwise, we ROBERT A. BAKER are simply exercising our imaginations. Price hits upon rhe aspect of parapsy- Satan's Silence: Ritual Abuse and The Making of a Modern American chology that lies at its heart. He says the Witch Hunt. By Debbie Nathan and Michael Snedeker. Basic Books, materialist outlook, which underlies New York. 1995, ISBN 0-465-07180-5. 317 pp. Hardcover, $25. much (if not all) of scientific thought, is nyone fortunate enough to dis- American tragedy of childhood sexual cover and read Debbie Nathan molestation. Not specifically the sexual Gordon Stein is a physiologist, editor of The Aand Michael Snedeker's Satan's molestation of children—which is Enclydopedia of the Paranormal, and Silence will quickly realize this is the best indeed a serious problem—but the per- director of the Center for Inquiry Libraries. book yet written about the current secution, prosecution, and conviction of 4 2 May/June 1996 SKEPTICAL INQUIRER BOOK REVIEWS innocent adults wrongly accused of rit- of sodomizing her son. This accusation Michigan; Spencer Township, Ohio; ual sexual crimes against children they launched a veritable fear-storm of social Sacramento, California; Maiden, did not commit. panic and paranoia that not only Massachusetts; West Point, New York; To believe for a moment that the infected much of Los Angeles County and Miami, Florida. In the latter case, Salem witch-trial hotror of 1692 could but quickly spread across the country. two immigrants were accused of molest- ever be repeated even once in an In regard to the McMartin case, ing eight children in a home-based, enlightened and civilized society seems Nathan and Snedeker note, "The social baby-sitting service. A few months later, unthinkable, but to realize that it has hysteria that McMartin incited upped a 19-year-old day care teacher's aide in happened here in the United States more than a dozen times within the past 'The medical and psychotherapeutic communities aided decade borders on the bizatte and unbe- lievable. How can a supposedly edu- and abetted this stupidity by encouraging the use of cated and informed populace allow such hypnosis, guided imagery, and other New Age non- flagrant miscarriages of justice to occut and, then, once the truth is known, fail sense to implant suggestions of early childhood sexual to take swift and firm action to free and abuse into the minds of believing and trusting people." exonerate the innocent? Nathan and Snedeker's work covers ritual abuse cases to another level. While Pittsfield, Massachusetts, was accused of each sordid instance of satanic panic: at first they were products of delusional molesting preschoolers and threatening from the Bakersfield (Kern County), individuals by 1984 whole social sys- to kill their parents. He was quickly California, fiasco in 1980, in which four tems had been set up to justify and tried, convicted, and sentenced to sev- innocent adults were sentenced to a develop accusations and prosecutions" eral life terms in prison on the flimsiest total of more than 240 yean of impris- (p. 93). imaginable evidence. onment for crimes they did not commit By 1984 die media were promoting In early 1985, the ritual sacrifice of based on the testimony of Mary Ann the idea that ritual sex-abuse was com- children was alleged in Fort Bragg, Barbour, who was known to be suffering mon and pervasive. In January 1984, 60 California; and in Clarkesville, Mary- from a schizoaffective disorder; to the million people watched die ABC-TV land, where a kindergarten teacher was 1992 Litde Rascals Day Care Center drama "Something About Amelia," accused of assaulting her preschoolers horror in Edentown, Norm Carolina; dealing with a handsome, affluent lather with a screwdriver. Then in New and the 1995 outrages in East who sexually abused his teenaged Braintree, Massachusetts, day care Wenatchee, Washington. daughter. The movie implied such cases workers were charged with defecating The Kern County tragedy was but a were common. on their charges and photographing precursor to the much better-known In die spring of 1984, 24 people in them nude. Late in 1985, Kelly witch-hunt involving Judy Johnson and Jordan, Minnesota, were charged with Michaels at the Wee Care Day Nursery the McMartin Preschool case in operating a child-pornography and sex in Maplewood, New Jersey, was Manhattan Beach, California. This stain ring that included their own sons and arrested, charged with incredibly on American jurisprudence lasted from daughters as victims. In April, janitors obscene and impossible acts, con- 1983 to 1990. and teachers at a day care center in victed, and sentenced to prison where In the McMartin case, die accused, Chicago were accused of abusing chil- she served for five years before an Peggy and Ray Buckey, spent five years dren in satanic rituals and making them investigative reporter for the Wall in jail before being released on $ 1.5 mil- eat boiled babies. In May, workers at a Street Journal, Dorothy Rabinowitz, lion bail, then underwent a trial lasting Montessori school in Reno, Nevada, managed to convince the authorities to 28 months—the longest criminal pro- were charged with ritually abusing 26 free her. ceeding in American history—before all children; and in June, a middle-aged In summary, between late 1983 and charges were finally dismissed. Judy teacher's aide in Memphis was accused 1987, wild and baseless allegations trig- Johnson, who said she believed she had of sexually assaulting 19 children in her gered intensive investigations in more divine powers, and who the courts charge and engaging in satanic rituals. than 100 American communities. Even described as a psychotic alcoholic, trig- By die end of the summer, cases sur- today, in 1996, these witch-hunts con- gered die case by accusing Ray Buckey faced of ritualistic sex-abuse, pornogra- tinue.
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