DOCSLIB.ORG

USDA USFS. 2009. Sawtooth Huckleberry Restoration EA

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
USDA USFS. 2009. Sawtooth Huckleberry Restoration EA Preliminary Analysis United States Department of Agriculture Sawtooth Huckleberry Restoration Forest Gifford Pinchot National Forest Service Mt. Adams Ranger District and Mount St. Helens National Volcanic Monument Skamania County, Washington February 2009 T. 7 N., R. 8 E., Sections 1-3, 9-16, 21-27, Willamette Meridian For Information Contact : Cheryl Mack, Team Leader 2455 Highway 141, Trout Lake, WA 98650 (509) 395-3421 [email protected] The U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) prohibits discrimination in all its programs and activities on the basis of race, color, national origin, age, disability, and where applicable, sex, marital status, familial status, parental status, religion, sexual orientation, genetic information, political beliefs, reprisal, or because all or part of an individual’s income is derived from any public assistance. (Not all prohibited bases apply to all programs.) Persons with disabilities who require alternative means for communication of program information (Braille, large print, audiotape, etc.) should contact USDA’s TARGET Center at 202-720-2600 (voice and TDD). To file a complaint of discrimination, write USDA, Director, Office of Civil Rights, 1400 Independence Avenue, SW, Washington, DC 20250-9410 or call toll free (866) 632-9992 (voice). TDD users can contact USDA through local relay or the Federal relay at (800) 877-8339 (TDD) or (866) 377-8642 (relay voice). USDA is an equal opportunity provider and employer. Table of Contents Chapter 1. Purpose and Need for Action ..................................................................... 5 Background.................................................................................................................5 Purpose of and Need for Action ..................................................................................7 Management Direction ................................................................................................9 Proposed Action........................................................................................................ 13 Decision Framework ................................................................................................. 13 Public Involvement.................................................................................................... 13 Issues ....................................................................................................................... 14 Chapter 2. Alternatives, Including the Proposed Action .......................................... 16 Alternative A – No Action .......................................................................................... 16 Alternative B—Proposed Action ................................................................................ 16 Alternative C—Underburning..................................................................................... 25 Alternatives Considered but Eliminated from Detailed Study..................................... 34 Design Features/Mitigation Measures for All Alternatives.......................................... 34 Chapter 3. Environmental Consequences ................................................................. 42 Vegetation................................................................................................................. 43 Fire and Fuels ........................................................................................................... 56 Heritage Resources .................................................................................................. 63 Soils.......................................................................................................................... 68 Hydrology.................................................................................................................. 82 Fisheries ................................................................................................................. 100 Botanical Species and Invasive Plant Species ........................................................ 110 Wildlife .................................................................................................................... 127 Recreation and Social Analysis ............................................................................... 152 Economic Analysis .................................................................................................. 157 Other Environmental Consequences....................................................................... 161 Chapter 4. Consultation and Coordination .............................................................. 163 Consultation with Other Agencies and Jurisdictions ................................................ 163 List of Team Members............................................................................................. 164 References ................................................................................................................ 165 Tables Table 1. Details of Activities Proposed in Alternative B. ........................................................ 17 Table 2. Details of Activities Proposed in Alternative C. ........................................................ 25 Table 3. Comparison of Alternatives by Significant Issues. ................................................... 33 Table 4. Actions Considered in Cumulative Effects Analysis ................................................. 42 Table 5. Plant Associations in the Sawtooth Planning Area. .................................................. 44 Table 6. Sawtooth Stand Data (formal stand exams and walkthrough exams in 2007) ....... 45 Table 7. Sawtooth Stands with a Late-Successional Cohort. .................................................. 47 Table 8. Huckleberry Productivity Index Over Time Post Treatment By Alternative ........ 48 Table 9. Alternative A-No Action Current and Predicted Huckleberry Fruit Production. 50 Table 10. Alternative B – Current and Predicted Huckleberry Fruit Production ............... 52 Table 11. Alternative C – Current and Predicted Huckleberry Fruit Production ............... 54 Table 12. Selected Soil Mapping Interpretations. ................................................................... 71 Table 13. Prediction of remaining detrimental conditions of proposed road and landing construction (based on calculations and assumptions included in the Soils Report) ........... 77 3 Table 14. Magnitude, Duration and Intensity of Losses to Soil Quality ................................ 78 Table 15. Stream Temperatures monitored in the Upper Lewis River and White Salmon River watershed (USDA 2008). .................................................................................................. 82 Table 16. Categorized pre-treatment of systems roads in the Sawtooth Huckleberry Project. ......................................................................................................................................... 87 Table 17. Harvest-related road treatments for system roads in the Sawtooth Huckleberry Project. ......................................................................................................................................... 87 Table 18. Predicted Peak flow increases due to vegetation removal in the Sawtooth Huckleberry Project area. .......................................................................................................... 93 Table 19. Summary of Road Density, Stream Crossings, and Drainage Network Increase for the Sawtooth Huckleberry Project area. ............................................................................ 96 Table 20. Riparian Reserves within Sawtooth Huckleberry Project Unit areas. .................. 99 Table 21. TES and S&M Species Documented or Suspected to Occur on the GPNF and Likelihood of Presence within the Sawtooth Huckleberry Restoration Project ................. 110 Table 22. Summary of effects to threatened, endangered, proposed, and sensitive species. ..................................................................................................................................................... 128 Table 23. Acres by Structure Stage and percent of Total in Proposed Treatment Units .. 143 Table 24. Focal Bird Species .................................................................................................... 150 Table 25. Project Preparation and Administration Costs .................................................... 158 Table 26. Timber Sale Revenue and Costs ............................................................................ 158 Table 27. Service Projects ....................................................................................................... 159 Table 28. Huckleberry Value Assumptions ........................................................................... 160 Table 29. Huckleberry Benefit Over the Next 30 Years ....................................................... 160 Table 30. Economic Measures ................................................................................................ 161 Figures Figure 1. Sawtooth Huckleberry Restoration planning area vicinity map. ............................. 6 Figure 2. Photo of productive huckleberry habitat in the Sawtooth Berryfields in 1936. USFS photo by Ray Filloon. ......................................................................................................... 8 Figure 3. Photo showing productive huckleberry habitat within the Sawtooth Berrfields in 1936. Note evidence of past
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Salicaceae Cottonwood Cottonwood (The Genus Populus) Is Composed of 35 Species Which Contain the Aspens and Poplars
    Populus spp. Family: Salicaceae Cottonwood Cottonwood (the genus Populus) is composed of 35 species which contain the aspens and poplars. Species in this group are native to Eurasia/north Africa [25], Central America [2] and North America [8]. All species look alike microscopically. The word populus is the classical Latin name for the poplar tree. Populus angustifolia-balsam, bitter cottonwood, black cottonwood, lanceleaf cottonwood, mountain cottonwood, narrowleaf cottonwood, narrow leaved poplar, Rydberg cottonwood, smoothbark cottonwood, willow cottonwood, willowleaf cottonwood Populus balsamifera-balm, balm of Gilead, balm of Gilead poplar, balm cottonwood, balsam, balsam cottonwood, balsam poplar, bam, black balsam poplar, black cottonwood, black poplar, California poplar, Canadian balsam poplar, Canadian poplar, cottonwax, hackmatack, hairy balm of Gilead, heartleaf balsam poplar, northern black cottonwood, Ontario poplar, tacamahac, tacamahac poplar, toughbark poplar, western balsam poplar Populus deltoides*-aspen cottonwood, big cottonwood, Carolina poplar, cotton tree, eastern cottonwood, eastern poplar, fremont cottonwood, great plains cottonwood, Missourian poplar, necklace poplar, northern fremont cottonwood, palmer cottonwood, plains cottonwood, Rio Grande cottonwood, river cottonwood, river poplar, southern cottonwood, Tennessee poplar, Texas cottonwood, valley cottonwood, Vermont poplar, Virginia poplar, water poplar, western cottonwood, whitewood, wislizenus cottonwood, yellow cottonwood Populus fremontii-Arizona cottonwood,
    [Show full text]
  • Botany, Invasive Plants, Native Plants, Genetics
    United States Department of Agriculture Forest Service Pacific Northwest FY-16 Region Program Accomplishments Calochortus umpquaensis, Umpqua mariposa lily, is found only in the Umpqua River watershed of Botany southwestern OR. A big "anthophorid" bee is tucked into the flower. Invasive Plants Native Plants Genetics U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) civil rights regulations and policies In accordance with Federal civil rights law and U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) civil rights regulations and policies, the USDA, its Agencies, offices, and employees, and institutions participating in or administering USDA programs are prohibited from discriminating based on race, color, national origin, religion, sex, gender identity (including gender expression), sexual orientation, disability, age, marital status, family/parental status, income derived from a public assistance program, political beliefs, or reprisal or retaliation for prior civil rights activity, in any program or activity conducted or funded by USDA (not all bases apply to all programs). Remedies and complaint filing deadlines vary by program or incident. Persons with disabilities who require alternative means of communication for program information (e.g., Braille, large print, audiotape, American Sign Language, etc.) should contact the responsible Agency or USDA’s TARGET Center at (202) 720-2600 (voice and TTY) or contact USDA through the Federal Relay Service at (800) 877-8339. To file a program discrimination complaint, complete the USDA Program Discrimination Complaint Form, AD-3027, found online at http://www.ascr.usda.gov/complaint_filing_cust.html and at any USDA office or write a letter addressed to USDA and provide in the letter all of the information requested in the form.
    [Show full text]
  • Northstar Fire Department, Fire Resistant Landscaping Plant List
    Northstar Fire Department, Fire Resistant Landscaping Plant List Many common plants naturally resist fire and can even slow its spread. In general, irrigated and well maintained leafy plants burn slowly. By replacing highly flammable vegetation with these fire resistant recommended species, you can significantly improve the statistical survivability of your home when a wildfire threatens. Courtesy of the “Villager Nursery” in Truckee, this list of fire resistive plants should be considered when enhancing or adding landscape. Here are some other key components to remember when selecting appropriate fire resistant landscaping plants. Choose plants that don’t produce much litter such as dead branches and twigs Plants that produce oils, resins or waxes should be avoided When planting from the approved list, appropriately space plants to prevent fire spread Never plant under conifer trees, this can create a ladder effect which allows smaller ground fires the ability to transfer into larger trees creating crown fires To help ensure their fire resistance, plants must be maintained, watered, and pruned. Routine care will provide you with an attractive defensible space landscape and help ensure the survival of your property in the event of a wildfire. Northstar Fire Department enforces both State and District fire codes that may directly affect your landscape. Northstar Fire Department recommends that prior to changing your landscape you consult with us in order to make sure your property will be compliant with applicable fire codes. Trees Common Name Scientific Name Please note that there Apple Malus spp. may be other vegetative Bigtooth Maple Acer grandidentatum species that are Cherry Prunus spp.
    [Show full text]
  • Anthropological Study of Yakama Tribe
    1 Anthropological Study of Yakama Tribe: Traditional Resource Harvest Sites West of the Crest of the Cascades Mountains in Washington State and below the Cascades of the Columbia River Eugene Hunn Department of Anthropology Box 353100 University of Washington Seattle, WA 98195-3100 [email protected] for State of Washington Department of Fish and Wildlife WDFW contract # 38030449 preliminary draft October 11, 2003 2 Table of Contents Acknowledgements 4 Executive Summary 5 Map 1 5f 1. Goals and scope of this report 6 2. Defining the relevant Indian groups 7 2.1. How Sahaptin names for Indian groups are formed 7 2.2. The Yakama Nation 8 Table 1: Yakama signatory tribes and bands 8 Table 2: Yakama headmen and chiefs 8-9 2.3. Who are the ―Klickitat‖? 10 2.4. Who are the ―Cascade Indians‖? 11 2.5. Who are the ―Cowlitz‖/Taitnapam? 11 2.6. The Plateau/Northwest Coast cultural divide: Treaty lines versus cultural 12 divides 2.6.1. The Handbook of North American Indians: Northwest Coast versus 13 Plateau 2.7. Conclusions 14 3. Historical questions 15 3.1. A brief summary of early Euroamerican influences in the region 15 3.2. How did Sahaptin-speakers end up west of the Cascade crest? 17 Map 2 18f 3.3. James Teit‘s hypothesis 18 3.4. Melville Jacobs‘s counter argument 19 4. The Taitnapam 21 4.1. Taitnapam sources 21 4.2. Taitnapam affiliations 22 4.3. Taitnapam territory 23 4.3.1. Jim Yoke and Lewy Costima on Taitnapam territory 24 4.4.
    [Show full text]
  • Columbia River Basin, Columbia Gorge Province Carson, Spring Creek, Little White Salmon, and Willard National Fish Hatcheries As
    U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service - Pacific Region Columbia River Basin Hatchery Review Team Columbia River Basin, Columbia Gorge Province Little White Salmon, Big White Salmon, and Wind River Watersheds Carson, Spring Creek, Little White Salmon, and Willard National Fish Hatcheries Assessments and Recommendations Final Report, Appendix B: Briefing Document; Summary of Background Information December 2007 USFWS Columbia Basin Hatchery Review Team Columbia Gorge NFHs Assessments and Recommendations Report – December 2007 Carson NFH Willard NFH Spring Creek NFH Little White Salmon NFH Figure 1. National Fish Hatcheries in the Columbia River Gorge1 1 Modified figure from Rawding 2000b. USFWS Columbia Basin Hatchery Review Team Columbia Gorge NFHs Assessments and Recommendations Report – December 2007 Table of Contents I. COLUMBIA GORGE REGION ............................................................................................. 1 II. CARSON NATIONAL FISH HATCHERY .......................................................................... 51 IIA. CARSON NFH SPRING CHINOOK ....................................................................... 59 III. SPRING CREEK NATIONAL FISH HATCHERY .............................................................. 95 IIIA. SPRING CREEK NFH TULE FALL CHINOOK ..................................................... 104 IV. LITTLE WHITE SALMON NATIONAL FISH HATCHERY ............................................. 137 IVA. LITTLE WHITE SALMON NFH UPRIVER BRIGHT FALL CHINOOK .................... 147 IVB. LITTLE
    [Show full text]
  • Poplar Chap 1.Indd
    Populus: A Premier Pioneer System for Plant Genomics 1 1 Populus: A Premier Pioneer System for Plant Genomics Stephen P. DiFazio,1,a,* Gancho T. Slavov 1,b and Chandrashekhar P. Joshi 2 ABSTRACT The genus Populus has emerged as one of the premier systems for studying multiple aspects of tree biology, combining diverse ecological characteristics, a suite of hybridization complexes in natural systems, an extensive toolbox of genetic and genomic tools, and biological characteristics that facilitate experimental manipulation. Here we review some of the salient biological characteristics that have made this genus such a popular object of study. We begin with the taxonomic status of Populus, which is now a subject of ongoing debate, though it is becoming increasingly clear that molecular phylogenies are accumulating. We also cover some of the life history traits that characterize the genus, including the pioneer habit, long-distance pollen and seed dispersal, and extensive vegetative propagation. In keeping with the focus of this book, we highlight the genetic diversity of the genus, including patterns of differentiation among populations, inbreeding, nucleotide diversity, and linkage disequilibrium for species from the major commercially- important sections of the genus. We conclude with an overview of the extent and rapid spread of global Populus culture, which is a testimony to the growing economic importance of this fascinating genus. Keywords: Populus, SNP, population structure, linkage disequilibrium, taxonomy, hybridization 1Department of Biology, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia 26506-6057, USA; ae-mail: [email protected] be-mail: [email protected] 2 School of Forest Resources and Environmental Science, Michigan Technological University, 1400 Townsend Drive, Houghton, MI 49931, USA; e-mail: [email protected] *Corresponding author 2 Genetics, Genomics and Breeding of Poplar 1.1 Introduction The genus Populus is full of contrasts and surprises, which combine to make it one of the most interesting and widely-studied model organisms.
    [Show full text]
  • National List of Vascular Plant Species That Occur in Wetlands 1996
    National List of Vascular Plant Species that Occur in Wetlands: 1996 National Summary Indicator by Region and Subregion Scientific Name/ North North Central South Inter- National Subregion Northeast Southeast Central Plains Plains Plains Southwest mountain Northwest California Alaska Caribbean Hawaii Indicator Range Abies amabilis (Dougl. ex Loud.) Dougl. ex Forbes FACU FACU UPL UPL,FACU Abies balsamea (L.) P. Mill. FAC FACW FAC,FACW Abies concolor (Gord. & Glend.) Lindl. ex Hildebr. NI NI NI NI NI UPL UPL Abies fraseri (Pursh) Poir. FACU FACU FACU Abies grandis (Dougl. ex D. Don) Lindl. FACU-* NI FACU-* Abies lasiocarpa (Hook.) Nutt. NI NI FACU+ FACU- FACU FAC UPL UPL,FAC Abies magnifica A. Murr. NI UPL NI FACU UPL,FACU Abildgaardia ovata (Burm. f.) Kral FACW+ FAC+ FAC+,FACW+ Abutilon theophrasti Medik. UPL FACU- FACU- UPL UPL UPL UPL UPL NI NI UPL,FACU- Acacia choriophylla Benth. FAC* FAC* Acacia farnesiana (L.) Willd. FACU NI NI* NI NI FACU Acacia greggii Gray UPL UPL FACU FACU UPL,FACU Acacia macracantha Humb. & Bonpl. ex Willd. NI FAC FAC Acacia minuta ssp. minuta (M.E. Jones) Beauchamp FACU FACU Acaena exigua Gray OBL OBL Acalypha bisetosa Bertol. ex Spreng. FACW FACW Acalypha virginica L. FACU- FACU- FAC- FACU- FACU- FACU* FACU-,FAC- Acalypha virginica var. rhomboidea (Raf.) Cooperrider FACU- FAC- FACU FACU- FACU- FACU* FACU-,FAC- Acanthocereus tetragonus (L.) Humm. FAC* NI NI FAC* Acanthomintha ilicifolia (Gray) Gray FAC* FAC* Acanthus ebracteatus Vahl OBL OBL Acer circinatum Pursh FAC- FAC NI FAC-,FAC Acer glabrum Torr. FAC FAC FAC FACU FACU* FAC FACU FACU*,FAC Acer grandidentatum Nutt.
    [Show full text]
  • Rare Plant Management Plan Final January 2019
    Final Rare Plant Management Plan for Energy Northwest’s Packwood Lake Hydroelectric Project FERC No. 2244 Lewis County, Washington Submitted by: P.O. Box 968 Richland, Washington 99352-0968 January 2019 Rare Plant Management Plan TABLE OF CONTENTS Section Title Page 1.0 INTRODUCTION ................................................................................................ 1 1.1 Plan Justification ......................................................................................... 1 1.2 Purpose and Scope of the Plan .................................................................. 3 2.0 MONITORING PLAN ......................................................................................... 3 2.1 Biological Evaluation ................................................................................... 3 2.2 Project Area Rare Plant Survey .................................................................. 4 2.3 Monitoring .................................................................................................... 4 2.4 Management of Known Rare Plant Occurrences ...................................... 6 3.0 CONSISTENCY WITH AGREEMENTS MADE DURING RELICENSING PROCEEDINGS ................................................................................................. 9 4.0 SCHEDULE ...................................................................................................... 11 5.0 REFERENCES ................................................................................................. 12 List of Figures Figure
    [Show full text]
  • A Learning Guide on the Geology of the Cispus Environmental Center Area, Lewis County, Washington
    A Learning Guide on the GEOLOGY OF THE CISPUS ENVIRONMENTAL CENTER AREA LEWIS COUNTY, WASHINGTON By J. ERIC SCHUSTER, GeoJo i t DEPARTMENT OF NATURAL RESOURCES DIVISION OF MINES AND GEOLOGY Prepar d in coop ration with the Superintendent o Public Instruction 1973 CONTENTS Page Introd uctio n ................................................................... 1 Geo logic hi story ....................................•.......................... Genera I • . • . • . • . • . • . • . • . • . • . • • . • . • . • • • 1 Tower Rock . • . 4 Rock descriptions . • . • . • . • . • . • . • 5 0 hanapecosh Formation •... ... ................•...•...••.•.•....••••••• , 5 Fifes Peak Formation . • . 7 Tatoosh? pluton........................................................ 7 Quaternary rocks • . • . • . • . • . • . • • • • • • • 8 Suggested exercises • . • . • . • . • • • • 10 Explanation of terms •...............................•...•....•...•........•••••• 13 Appendix A-Occurrences of metallic minera ls •................••..........••••••. 19 Appendix B-Occurrences of nonmetallic minerals •.................•......•••••••• 39 I LLUST RA Tl O NS Page Figure 1.-The formation of an angular unconformity 2 2.-Tower Rock as seen from the oppo site side of the Cispus River valley. View is toward the southeast ••......•.........•..• ;............ 4 3.-Line drawing showing alignment of mineral grains due to flow in mo I ten rock • . • • • .. • • • 6 4.-Line drawing of quartz and heulandite filling vesicles in flow rock. • • • • • • • • 6 5.- Geologic map and cross
    [Show full text]
  • GEOLOGIC MAP of the MOUNT ADAMS VOLCANIC FIELD, CASCADE RANGE of SOUTHERN WASHINGTON by Wes Hildreth and Judy Fierstein
    U.S. DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR TO ACCOMPANY MAP 1-2460 U.S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY GEOLOGIC MAP OF THE MOUNT ADAMS VOLCANIC FIELD, CASCADE RANGE OF SOUTHERN WASHINGTON By Wes Hildreth and Judy Fierstein When I climbed Mount Adams {17-18 August 1945] about 1950 m (6400') most of the landscape is mantled I think I found the answer to the question of why men by dense forests and huckleberry thickets. Ten radial stake everything to reach these peaks, yet obtain no glaciers and the summit icecap today cover only about visible reward for their exhaustion... Man's greatest 2.5 percent (16 km2) of the cone, but in latest Pleis­ experience-the one that brings supreme exultation­ tocene time (25-11 ka) as much as 80 percent of Mount is spiritual, not physical. It is the catching of some Adams was under ice. The volcano is drained radially vision of the universe and translating it into a poem by numerous tributaries of the Klickitat, White Salmon, or work of art ... Lewis, and Cis pus Rivers (figs. 1, 2), all of which ulti­ William 0. Douglas mately flow into the Columbia. Most of Mount Adams and a vast area west of it are Of Men and Mountains administered by the U.S. Forest Service, which has long had the dual charge of protecting the Wilderness Area and of providing a network of logging roads almost INTRODUCTION everywhere else. The northeast quadrant of the moun­ One of the dominating peaks of the Pacific North­ tain, however, lies within a part of the Yakima Indian west, Mount Adams, stands astride the Cascade crest, Reservation that is open solely to enrolled members of towering 3 km above the surrounding valleys.
    [Show full text]
  • Lewis River ~ Including Clear, Quartz, Siouxon, Pine, Rush, Smith Creeks & the Muddy River
    Photo by Susan Saul Wild and Scenic Rivers Support Local Communities The legendary volcanoes in southwestern Washington and the spectacular rivers that originate on their slopes are valuable to the health, economy, and cultural identity of local communities. Rivers like the Green, Cispus, and Lewis provide drinking water to thousands of local residents, world-class recreation, and a high quality of life for local residents. Designating the rivers and key tributaries in Volcano Country under the Wild and Scenic Rivers Act will increase long- term potential for recreation and tourism in the area, ensure cool clean water for fish and people, and protect these natural treasures for future generations. Just a few of the benefits of Wild and Scenic designation include: RECREATION, TOURISM, AND THE ECONOMY: According to the Outdoor Industry Association, outdoor recreation brings in more than $11.7 billion annually to our state, supports an estimated 115,000 jobs, and generates $650 million in annual sales tax revenue. Travel and tourism provide nearly 8000 jobs – or 14 percent of jobs across all economic sectors – in Lewis, Cowlitz, and Skamania counties. In addition to putting a river “on the map” for visitors and outdoor enthusiasts, a Wild and Scenic River designation can lead to access improvements and foster growth in river-based outdoor recreation and tourism. For example, a recent study of the Wild and Scenic section of the Rogue River found that commercial rafting, fishing, and other recreation contributed $30 million a year to the State of Oregon’s economy. The White Salmon and the Klickitat River are two positive examples of Wild and Scenic Rivers in Washington that benefit local recreation economies.
    [Show full text]
  • Gifford Pinchot
    THE FORGOTTEN FOREST: EXPLORING THE GIFFORD PINCHOT A Publication of the Washington Trails Association1 7A 9 4 8 3 1 10 7C 2 6 5 7B Cover Photo by Ira Spring 2 Table of Contents About Washington Trails Association Page 4 A Million Acres of outdoor Recreation Page 5 Before You Hit the Trail Page 6 Leave No Trace 101 Page 7 The Outings (see map on facing page) 1. Climbing Mount Adams Pages 8-9 2. Cross Country Skiing: Oldman Pass Pages 10-11 3. Horseback Riding: Quartz Creek Pages 12-13 4. Hiking: Juniper Ridge Pages 14-15 5. Backpacking the Pacific Crest Trail: Indian Heaven Wilderness Pages 16-17 6. Mountain Biking: Siouxon Trail Pages 18-19 7. Wildlife Observation: Pages 20-21 A. Goat Rocks Wilderness B. Trapper Creek Wilderness C. Lone Butte Wildlife Emphasis Area 8. Camping at Takhlakh Lake Pages 22-23 9. Fly Fishing the Cowlitz River Pages 24-25 10. Berry Picking in the Sawtooth Berry Fields Pages 26-27 Acknowledgements Page 28 How to Join WTA Page 29-30 Volunteer Trail Maintenance Page 31 Important Contacts Page 32 3 About Washington Trails Association Washington Trails Association (WTA) is the voice for hikers in Washington state. We advocate protection of hiking trails, take volunteers out to maintain them, and promote hiking as a healthy, fun way to explore Washington. Ira Spring and Louise Marshall co-founded WTA in 1966 as a response to the lack of a political voice for Washington’s hiking community. WTA is now the largest state-based hiker advocacy organization in the country, with over 5,500 members and more than 1,800 volunteers.
    [Show full text]