DOCSLIB.ORG

Issue 2, Summer 2004

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Issue 2, Summer 2004 Pacific Coast Science and Learning Center National Park Service Point Reyes National Seashore U.S. Department of the Interior Coastal Science Review Issue 2, Summer 2004 Tomales Bay "Invertebrate-Quest" Partners Biodiversity Bodega Marine Laboratory Partnership The Natural History Museum of Los Updates Angeles County Dominican University University of Oregon Los Angeles Marine Biology Lab “Bio-Quests” Hydrozoologica Since the fall of 2003, the Tomales Bay © Sue Van Der Wal Biodiversity Inventory (TBBI) has conducted two "Bio-Quests." The first, an New Partnership to "Invertebrate-Quest" took place over the Develop Water Quality course of a week and included over six Database different partners whose combined talent, skills, and expertise covered the gamut of The Tomales Bay Watershed Council invertebrate taxonomy. The second, an (TBWC) has teamed with the National "Algae-Quest" lasted two-days and Park Service and the Pacific Coast revisited several rocky beaches that were Science and Learning Center to develop inventoried in spring of 2004. Specimens a water quality database for the Tomales are being identified and an algae species Bay watershed. Dwight Shackleford and list for Tomales Bay is expected by Daniel George are developing the December 2004. database and incorporating all available © Sue Van Der Wal water quality data from a myriad of Information from these "Bio-Quests," as agencies and scientists currently well as other TBBI relevant data are being collecting data in the region. The new compiled in the Tomales Bay Biodiversity database will allow the TBWC to identify Database, which can be found online at current gaps in monitoring effort and aid Tomales Bay watershed is 220 square miles and represents about one third of the area www.tomalesbaylife.org. Compilation of development of a robust new monitoring of Marin County. the database is the first step to using program to address water quality issues science-based management to achieve in the watershed. the goals of the TBBP. Contents New Species in the Bay 2 Update on Didemnum vexillum 2 Loon Research Project Expands 3 Statewide Assessment of Harbor Seals 3 “Working collaboratively to protect and Tomales Bay Biodiversity restore the waters and lands of Tomales Partnership Website Training Future Scientists 4 Bay Watershed” Coastal Air Quality 5 www.tomalesbaywatershed.org www.tomalesbaylife.org Biodiversity Partnership Update 6 Tomales Bay Biodiversity Partnership Updates New Species in the Bay Update on the Didemnum vexillum Invertebrate taxonomist Leslie Harris of Invasion of Tomales Bay the Natural History Museum of Los Angeles County (NHMLAC) recently col- In the last issue of Costal Science Review, lected a species new to science in the we reported on the recent discovery of eelgrass beds of Tomales Bay. The as yet Didemnum vexillum (synonymous with D. unnamed species is a crustacea, order lahillei), in Tomales Bay. This invasive Leptostraca, genus Nebalia. Todd Haney, clonal tunicate has fouled oyster growing a PhD student jointly at UCLA and operations and displaces native biodiversity NHMLAC is revising the phylogeny of the Didemnum vexillum, a nonnative clonal ascidian in other estuaries and is thus an issue of discovered in Tomales Bay. Leptostraca and will describe the new concern for Tomales Bay mariculturists species. and conservationists. Our first steps in mitigating this threat are a partnership non-native invertebrates will also be between the Natural History Museum of collected and send to NHMLAC for Los Angeles (NHMLAC) County, taxonomic identification. While removal of Dominican University, and Tomales High D. vexillum has been unsuccessful in School. Interns from the University will other estuaries, a tedious but effective systematically document the distribution of physical removal process may slow the Harris D. vexillum along the Tomales Bay tunicates spread and keep the population Leslie The species new to Tomales Bay looks similar to this image shoreline. Future projects will attempt to below a threshold level where population of its tropical relative. However the new species is bright green, an ideal camouflage for life in the eelgrass beds. remove the invasive. Other native and growth remains slow. TOMALES BAY BIODIVERSITY PARTNERSHIP RESEARCH Completion of nearshore fishes inventory Jim Pettigrew, San Francisco State University Completion of the first year of research into the factors determining the distribution of native oysters David Kimbro, University of California, Davis Initial sampling and identification of intertidal benthic diatoms Eileen Hemphill-Haley, Humboldt State University Initial sampling and Identification of pelagic and epiphytic diatoms in Tomales Bay Mary Ann Tiffany, San Diego State University and University of California Davis Established long-term monitoring plots for algae biodiversity along the axis of Tomales Bay Lawrence Glacy, University of California, Davis Coastal Science Review, Summer 2004 2 Loon Research Project toxicology through loons can yield signifi- This is called a “mark-recapture Expands to Tomales Bay cant information on the health of a population estimate”. watershed. This study will help clarify these As a combined effort between the areas of loon biology and ecology to better The short-term disturbance will yield BioDiversity Research Institute (BRI) and manage the species year-round, since important results for this statewide California State University, Chico, a study comparatively little study exists of loons population estimate and implications on of overwintering loons has begun at during their stressful and physiologically how the seals are managed and protected several West Coast sites, including demanding overwintering months. by the state. Presently, the park is Tomales Bay. Over several years, loons estimating that the population at Point will be captured from a boat during Statewide Population Reyes is around 6,000 animals based on wintering seasons and re-released after a Assessment of Harbor direct counts. brief assessment. Seals Feather and blood samples for toxicology The harbor seal popula- assays and genetic profiles will be taken tion at Point Reyes to assess uptakes of environmental represents the largest contaminants and to genetically trace concentration of harbor wintering birds to geographically-identified seals in California other breeding populations. Legbands are also than the Channel applied to track movements of individual Islands, and is estimated loons through resighting reports. to account for 20% of the mainland breeding Along with high winter loon occupancy, population. Consequently, Tomales Bay was selected as a study site the National Marine Fisheries Service due to mercury discharge from Walker (NMFS) identified Point Reyes as the Creek. This mercury discharge was a primary area for implementing their Researchers capture and tag harbor seals to result of leakage from a defunct mercury program to estimate the total harbor seal estimate their populations for the entire state. mine several miles up Walker Creek. As population in California. In early June, researchers from the NMFS, Moss Landing Marine Protected Areas Marine Laboratory, U.C. Davis Veterinary Update School, and Marine Mammal Center captured nearly 50 harbor seals at Point Point Reyes National Seashore continues Reyes and affixed radio-tags on 40 of the to work with local fisherman, and seals. The researchers also captured and agencies such as National Oceanic and tagged another 50 seals in other parts of Atmospheric Administration, Environmental Action Committee of the state. The process includes tagging West Marin, Environmental Defense Fund, seals with flipper and radio-tags, and then Natural Resources Defense Council, and surveying by airplane in all haul out sites University of California Davis to suggest looking for the radio-tagged seals (during potential Marine Protected Areas (MPAs) the peak molt when many of the seals are for the Marin Coast. When the state resumes its implementation of a visible on land). NMFS then estimates the statewide network of MPAs, we hope to population based on the proportion of have a Marin coast MPA proposal tagged to un-tagged seals resting onshore supported by all stakeholders that will and then multiplying the hauled out number have both scientific and socioeconomic support. based on the correction factor of how many Loons are captured for a brief assessment and application of leg bands. tagged seals are NOT hauled out. Coastal Science Review, Summer 2004 3 Training Future Scientists Homeschool Students College Intern Gains Assist with Intertidal Hands-On Experience Monitoring The following article was written by A twelve-week environmental science Rosemary Records, a Biological Science course designed by educator Ruth Lopez Aid at Point Reyes National Seashore included intertidal monitoring experience and a student at Santa Rosa Junior for a dozen local homeschool students College. through the Pacific Coast Science and Learning Center (PCSLC). Each month, This is my during low tide cycles, students would second year Student interns gain experience with field work work under the supervision of the PCSLC as an intern while assisting researchers in various studies. Education Coordinator and closely follow at Point marsh within Point Reyes. Besides a protocol designed by Gulf of the Reyes gaining the hands-on experience Farallones National Marine Sanctuary to National of fieldwork, I was also able to observe the density and abundance of Seashore.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • A New Sponge-Inhabiting Leptostracan Species of the Genus Nebalia (Crustacea: Phyllocarida: Leptostraca) from the Veracruz Coral Reef System, Gulf of Mexico
    Zootaxa 3027: 52–62 (2011) ISSN 1175-5326 (print edition) www.mapress.com/zootaxa/ Article ZOOTAXA Copyright © 2011 · Magnolia Press ISSN 1175-5334 (online edition) A new sponge-inhabiting leptostracan species of the genus Nebalia (Crustacea: Phyllocarida: Leptostraca) from the Veracruz Coral Reef System, Gulf of Mexico MANUEL ORTIZ, IGNACIO WINFIELD & SERGIO CHÁZARO-OLVERA Laboratorio de Crustáceos, Facultad de Estudios Superiores Iztacala-Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México. Av. de los Barrios 1, Los Reyes Iztacala, Tlalnepantla, Estado de México, México. E-mail: [email protected] Abstract A new species of Leptostraca, Nebalia villalobosi, is described from the Veracruz Coral Reef System, SW Gulf of Mexico. The new species was found associated with the sponge Ircinia fistularis (Demospongiae) from the Blanquilla reef at a depth of 12 m. It differs from the closely related species N. longicornis and N. lagartensis in the form of the eyes and rostrum, the number of articles in the antennular and antennal flagella, the inner border of article 3 on the mandible palp, the length of the exopod of maxilla 2, the rounded denticles on pleonite 6, the enlarged tip on pleopod 5, and the caudal furcae being slightly longer than the telson and pleonite 7 combined. This is the first record of a leptostracan associated with the sponge Ircinia fistularis. Key words: taxonomy, Nebaliidae, leptostracan, new species Resumen Se describe una especie nueva de Leptostraca, Nebalia villalobosi, del sistema arrecifal Veracruzano, SO del Golfo de México. La especie nueva estaba asociada a la esponja Ircinia fistularis (Demospongiae) a una profundidad de 12 m, en el arrecife Blanquilla.
    [Show full text]
  • Spermiogenesis in Seison Nebaliae (Rotifera, Seisonidea): Further Evidence of a Rotifer-Acanthocephalan Relationship*
    Tissue & Cell, 1999 31 (4) 428–440 © 1999 Harcourt Publishers Ltd Article no. tice.1999.0012 Tissue&Cell Spermiogenesis in Seison nebaliae (Rotifera, Seisonidea): further evidence of a rotifer-acanthocephalan relationship* M. Ferraguti, G. Melone Abstract. The spermatozoa of Seison nebaliae are filiform cells about 70 µm long with a diameter of 0.6 µm. They have a slightly enlarged head, 2.5 µm long, followed by a long cell body. The flagellum starts from the head, and runs parallel to the cell body, contained in a groove along it. The head contains an acrosome, two large, paired para-acrosomal bodies, the basal body of the flagellum and the anterior thin extremity of the nucleus. The cell body contains the main portion of the nucleus, a single mitochondrion located in its distal portion, and many accessory bodies with different shapes. The flagellum has a 9 + 2 axoneme. The study of spermiogenesis shows the Golgian origin of the acrosome and the para-acrosomal bodies and reveals some peculiarities: a folding of the perinuclear cisterna is present between the proacrosome and the basal body of the flagellum in early spermatids and the flagellum runs in a canal inside the spermatid cytoplasm. The basal body migrates anteriorly. These char- acters are shared partly by the Rotifera Monogononta and, to a large extent, by the Acanthocephala studied so far. Many details of the spermiogenetic process are identical to those of Acanthocephala, thus suggesting that the processes in the two taxa are homologous. © 1999 Harcourt Publishers Ltd. Keywords: Seison, rotifera, spermatozoa, spermiogenesis, phylogeny Introduction of rotifers in the debate on the phylogeny of lower Metazoa, the morphology of their spermatozoa, at ultrastructural The three classes of the phylum Rotifera, i.e.
    [Show full text]
  • Nebalia Kensleyi, a New Species of Leptostracan (Crustacea: Phyllocarida) from Tomales Bay, California
    26 April 2005 PROCEEDINGS OF THE BIOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON 118(l):3-20. 2005. Nebalia kensleyi, a new species of leptostracan (Crustacea: Phyllocarida) from Tomales Bay, California Todd A. Haney and Joel W. Martin (TAH) Natural History Museum of Los Angeles County, 900 Exposition Boulevard, Los Angeles, California 90007 U.S.A. and Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095 U.S.A., e-rnail: [email protected] (JWM) Natural History Museum of Los Angeles County, 900 Exposition Boulevard, Los Angeles, California 90007 U.S.A., e-mail: [email protected] Abstract.—A new species of leptostracan, Nebalia kensleyi, is described from the coast of central California. It differs from other species of Nebalia most notably in the shape and color of the pigmented region of the eyes, armature of the antennule and antenna, extent that the carapace covers the abdominal somites, epimeron of pereonite 4, dentition of the protopod of the third and fourth pleopod, details of the pleonite border spination, and length of the terminal seta of the caudal furca. The leptostracan Crustacea can be iden­ reefs to the bathyal zone. The actual diver­ tified as such by the presence of a movable sity of the order Leptostraca well exceeds rostrum, a folded carapace that conceals the that which has been recorded, and the gap thoracic somites, eight phyllopodous tho­ in our knowledge of these animals clearly racic limbs, seven abdominal somites, and is the result of both taxonomic and sam­ conspicuous uropods (Kaestner 1980, pling bias. Schram 1986).
    [Show full text]
  • Secondary Production of a Southern California Nebalia (Crustacea: Leptostraca)
    MARINE ECOLOGY PROGRESS SERIES Vol. 137: 95-101, 1996 Published June 27 Mar Ecol Prog Ser Secondary production of a Southern California Nebalia (Crustacea: Leptostraca) Eric W. Vetter* Scripps Institution of Oceanography, UCSD 0201,9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, California 92093-0201, USA ABSTRACT: Nebalia daytoni is an abundant leptostracan crustacean from the infauna between 10 and 30 m on the sand plain off the coast of San Diego, California, USA. Secondary production of N. daytoni was estimated to be 0.930 g dry weight m-' yr.' between June 1991 and June 1992, and 0.660 g dry weight m-2 yr-' between June 1992 and June 1993. The corresponding ratios between production and biomass were, respectively, 2.92 and 3.17, less than those reported for other leptostracan species living in organically richer environments. Throughout this 2 yr study, adults accounted for most of the sec- ondary production within the population. Few data exist for leptostracan secondary production so reports of amphipod secondary production are used for comparative purposes. Arnphipods, in general, also appear to conform to the pattern of both greater productivity in vegetated habitats, or habitats w~th large Inputs of macrophyte detntus, and the pattern of adult production. KEY WORDS: Nebalia . Amphipod - Secondary production - Detritus INTRODUCTION column, but do not sample the particulate carbon that enters, or passes through, patches of the seafloor hori- Increases in community production are usually zontally in the bedload and nepheloid layer. Sec- linked to increased food availability, and are reflected ondary production by benthic detritivores, which by higher biomass (Banse & Mosher 1980) or, more accounts for both the quantity and quality of the controversially, by higher production-to-bion~ass(P:B) organic matter available for higher trophic levels, is ratios of populations within the community.
    [Show full text]
  • Morphological Data, Extant Myriapoda, and the Myriapod Stem-Group
    Contributions to Zoology, 73 (3) 207-252 (2004) SPB Academic Publishing bv, The Hague Morphological data, extant Myriapoda, and the myriapod stem-group Gregory+D. Edgecombe Australian Museum, 6 College Street, Sydney, NSW 2010, Australia, e-mail: [email protected] Keywords: Myriapoda, phylogeny, stem-group, fossils Abstract Tagmosis; long-bodied fossils 222 Fossil candidates for the stem-group? 222 Conclusions 225 The status ofMyriapoda (whether mono-, para- or polyphyletic) Acknowledgments 225 and controversial, position of myriapods in the Arthropoda are References 225 .. fossils that an impediment to evaluating may be members of Appendix 1. Characters used in phylogenetic analysis 233 the myriapod stem-group. Parsimony analysis of319 characters Appendix 2. Characters optimised on cladogram in for extant arthropods provides a basis for defending myriapod Fig. 2 251 monophyly and identifying those morphological characters that are to taxon to The necessary assign a fossil the Myriapoda. the most of the allianceofhexapods and crustaceans need notrelegate myriapods “Perhaps perplexing arthropod taxa 1998: to the arthropod stem-group; the Mandibulatahypothesis accom- are the myriapods” (Budd, 136). modates Myriapoda and Tetraconata as sister taxa. No known pre-Silurianfossils have characters that convincingly place them in the Myriapoda or the myriapod stem-group. Because the Introduction strongest apomorphies ofMyriapoda are details ofthe mandible and tentorial endoskeleton,exceptional fossil preservation seems confound For necessary to recognise a stem-group myriapod. Myriapods palaeontologists. all that Cambrian Lagerstdtten like the Burgess Shale and Chengjiang have contributed to knowledge of basal Contents arthropod inter-relationships, they are notably si- lent on the matter of myriapod origins and affini- Introduction 207 ties.
    [Show full text]
  • A Modern Approach to Rotiferan Phylogeny: Combining Morphological and Molecular Data
    Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 40 (2006) 585–608 www.elsevier.com/locate/ympev A modern approach to rotiferan phylogeny: Combining morphological and molecular data Martin V. Sørensen ¤, Gonzalo Giribet Department of Organismic and Evolutionary Biology, Museum of Comparative Zoology, Harvard University, 16 Divinity Avenue, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA Received 30 November 2005; revised 6 March 2006; accepted 3 April 2006 Available online 6 April 2006 Abstract The phylogeny of selected members of the phylum Rotifera is examined based on analyses under parsimony direct optimization and Bayesian inference of phylogeny. Species of the higher metazoan lineages Acanthocephala, Micrognathozoa, Cycliophora, and potential outgroups are included to test rotiferan monophyly. The data include 74 morphological characters combined with DNA sequence data from four molecular loci, including the nuclear 18S rRNA, 28S rRNA, histone H3, and the mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit I. The combined molecular and total evidence analyses support the inclusion of Acanthocephala as a rotiferan ingroup, but do not sup- port the inclusion of Micrognathozoa and Cycliophora. Within Rotifera, the monophyletic Monogononta is sister group to a clade con- sisting of Acanthocephala, Seisonidea, and Bdelloidea—for which we propose the name Hemirotifera. We also formally propose the inclusion of Acanthocephala within Rotifera, but maintaining the name Rotifera for the new expanded phylum. Within Monogononta, Gnesiotrocha and Ploima are also supported by the data. The relationships within Ploima remain unstable to parameter variation or to the method of phylogeny reconstruction and poorly supported, and the analyses showed that monophyly was questionable for the fami- lies Dicranophoridae, Notommatidae, and Brachionidae, and for the genus Proales.
    [Show full text]
  • (Crustacea, Leptostraca) from Coral Reefs at Pulau Payar, Malaysia
    A peer-reviewed open-access journal ZooKeysA 605: new 37–52 species (2016) of Nebalia (Crustacea, Leptostraca) from coral reefs at Pulau Payar, Malaysia 37 doi: 10.3897/zookeys.605.8562 RESEARCH ARTICLE http://zookeys.pensoft.net Launched to accelerate biodiversity research A new species of Nebalia (Crustacea, Leptostraca) from coral reefs at Pulau Payar, Malaysia B.H.R. Othman1,2, T. Toda3, T. Kikuchi4 1 Institute of Oceanography and Environment, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, 21030 Kuala Terengganu, Terengganu, Malaysia 2 School of Marine and Environmental Sciences, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, 21030 Kuala Terengganu, Terengganu, Malaysia 3 Graduate School of Engineering, Soka University, Hachioji, Tokyo 192-8577, Japan 4 Faculty of Education & Human Sciences, Yokohama National University, 79-2 Tokiwadai, Hodogaya, Yokohama 240-8501, Japan Corresponding author: B.H.R. Othman ([email protected]) Academic editor: T. Horton | Received 21 March 2016 | Accepted 22 June 2016 | Published 14 July 2016 http://zoobank.org/2926F745-9223-4C7F-A5B6-F5DA1C2B8D17 Citation: Othman BHR, Toda T, Kikuchi T (2016) A new species of Nebalia (Crustacea, Leptostraca) from coral reefs at Pulau Payar, Malaysia. ZooKeys 605: 37–52. doi: 10.3897/zookeys.605.8562 Abstract A new species of Leptostraca, Nebalia terazakii sp. n. is described and figured. The species was sampled from the coral reefs of Pulau Payar Marine Park, Langkawi, Malaysia. There are 32 existing species of Nebalia but Nebalia terazakii sp. n. can be distinguished from the other known species of Nebalia by the following combination of characters: the rostrum is 1.89 times as long as wide and the eyes have no dorsal papilla or lobes.
    [Show full text]
  • Leptostraca) a New Species from the Yucatan Peninsula, Mexico By
    NEBALL4 LAGARTENSIS (LEPTOSTRACA) A NEW SPECIES FROM THE YUCATAN PENINSULA, MEXICO BY ELVA ESCOBAR-BRIONES Laboratorio de Ecologia del Bentos, Instituto de Ciencias del Mar y Limnologia, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Apartado Postal 70-305, 04510 Mexico City, Mexico and JOSE LUIS VILLALOBOS-HIRIART Collección Carcinológica, Instituto de Biologia, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Apartado Postal 70-153, 04510 Mexico City, Mexico ABSTRACT A new species of Nebalia is described from Ria Lagartos in the Yucatán Peninsula, Mexico, increasing the number of described species in this genus to 13. The species closely resembles a complex of species recognized for the tropical western Atlantic that will need further study. The importance of the shape of the denticles on the dorsal pleonal segments 6 and 7 as a taxonomical character is discussed. RESUMEN Se describe una especie nueva de Nebaliaprocedente de Ría Lagartos, Yucatán, aumentando el número de especies descritas en este género a 13. La especie asemeja notablemente a otras especies que conforman un complejo reconocido para el Atlántico occidental tropical y que requiere de mayor estudio. Se discute la importancia, como caracter taxonómico, de la forma de los dentículos dorsales de los segmentos pleonales 6 y 7. INTRODUCTION The genus Nebalia is the most diversified of the genera included within the family Nebaliidae. It contains 10 described eurybathic species, one subspecies, and two forms recognized as distinct species but yet not formally described (table I). Four of these are confined to the tropical western Atlantic (Wakabara, 1965; Brattegard, 1970). Resemblance among many of the species and the poor taxonomic information available led to confusion and synonymy in earlier years.
    [Show full text]
  • Description, External Morphology, and Natural History Observations of Nebalia Hessleri, New Species (Phyllocarida: Leptostraca)
    DESCRIPTION, EXTERNAL MORPHOLOGY, AND NATURAL HISTORY OBSERVATIONS OF NEBALIA HESSLERI, NEW SPECIES (PHYLLOCARIDA: LEPTOSTRACA), FROM SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA, WITH A KEY TO THE EXTANT FAMILIES AND GENERA OF THE LEPTOSTRACA JOEL W. MARTIN, ERIC W. VETTER, AND CORA E. CASH-CLARK Made in United States of America Reprinted from JOURNAL OF CRUSTACEAN BIOLOGY Vol. 16, No. 2, May 1996 Copyright 1996 by The Crustacean Society JOURNAL OF CRUSTACEAN BIOLOGY, 16(2): 347-372, 1996 DESCRIPTION, EXTERNAL MORPHOLOGY, AND NATURAL HISTORY OBSERVATIONS OF NEBALIA HESSLERI, NEW SPECIES (PHYLLOCARIDA: LEPTOSTRACA), FROM SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA, WITH A KEY TO THE EXTANT FAMILIES AND GENERA OF THE LEPTOSTRACA Joel W. Martin, Eric W. Vetter, and Cora E. Cash-Clark ABSTRACT A new and relatively large species of leptostracan crustacean, Nebalia hessleri, is described from enriched sediments and detrital mats off southern California. The new species is charac­ terized by its size, possession of "normal" (versus lobed) eyes, rectangular and unpaired sub- rostral keel, acute dentition of the posterior pleonite borders, and caudal furca approximately twice the length of the telson. Clark's Nebalia pugettensis (Clark, 1932) is herein declared a nomen nudum. The new species differs from specimens at Friday Harbor, Puget Sound, Wash­ ington, in the form of the epimeron of the fourth pleonite, the dentition along the posterior border of the fifth through seventh pleonites, the relative length of the telson and caudal furca, and size. Coloration may also serve to distinguish N. hessleri from other species if egg-bearing females are available; eggs of N. hessleri are cream or gold colored. The new species differs from a currently unnamed sympatric species that occurs in adjacent sand flats (Vetter, in press) primarily in the morphology of the first antenna, which is greatly reduced in the sand-flat species, and the eye, which has unique dorsal and ventral corneal protrusions in the sand-flat species.
    [Show full text]
  • Rotifera, Syn. Syndermata) Reveal Strain Formation and Gradual Gene Loss with Growing Ties to the Host Katharina M
    Mauer et al. BMC Genomics (2021) 22:604 https://doi.org/10.1186/s12864-021-07857-y RESEARCH Open Access Genomics and transcriptomics of epizoic Seisonidea (Rotifera, syn. Syndermata) reveal strain formation and gradual gene loss with growing ties to the host Katharina M. Mauer1*, Hanno Schmidt1, Marco Dittrich1, Andreas C. Fröbius2, Sören Lukas Hellmann3, Hans Zischler1, Thomas Hankeln3 and Holger Herlyn1* Abstract Background: Seisonidea (also Seisonacea or Seisonidae) is a group of small animals living on marine crustaceans (Nebalia spec.) with only four species described so far. Its monophyletic origin with mostly free-living wheel animals (Monogononta, Bdelloidea) and endoparasitic thorny-headed worms (Acanthocephala) is widely accepted. However, the phylogenetic relationships inside the Rotifera-Acanthocephala clade (Rotifera sensu lato or Syndermata) are subject to ongoing debate, with consequences for our understanding of how genomes and lifestyles might have evolved. To gain new insights, we analyzed first drafts of the genome and transcriptome of the key taxon Seisonidea. Results: Analyses of gDNA-Seq and mRNA-Seq data uncovered two genetically distinct lineages in Seison nebaliae Grube, 1861 off the French Channel coast. Their mitochondrial haplotypes shared only 82% sequence identity despite identical gene order. In the nuclear genome, distinct linages were reflected in different gene compactness, GC content and codon usage. The haploid nuclear genome spans ca. 46 Mb, of which 96% were reconstructed. According to ~ 23,000 SuperTranscripts, gene number in S. nebaliae should be within the range published for other members of Rotifera-Acanthocephala. Consistent with this, numbers of metazoan core orthologues and ANTP-type transcriptional regulatory genes in the S.
    [Show full text]
  • Marine N Ebalia Bipes As Live Fish-Food
    Marine N ebalia Bipes As Live Fish-Food By Joseph Boucher The marine Nebalia bipes is a small shrimp-like bottom dwelling crustacean that makes an excellent live food for aquarium fishes. They are easy to culture on account of their natural shallow water habitats that are easy to duplicate, and their feeding habit which consist exclusively of plant and animal detritus which can be sub­ stituted with powdered baby fish-foods and dietary food products. I once knew an amateur culturist who raised them profitably for tropical fish stores as a variety of live food for aquarium fishes, like the Brine Shrimps A rtemia salina are used. Nebalia bipes grows to 10 to 12 millimeters in body length. They have a semi transparent carapace through which their 8 pairs of leaf-like breathing appendages and 4 pairs of abdominal swimming limbs are visible. They have a hinged trap door like rostrum that can cover the head and their compound stalked pair of eyes. The fir­ st pair of antennae are somewhat branched and the second pair are not. And their carapace can be closed over there drawn in ap­ pendages when they are resting in the bottom sediment, which could also serve as an hibernating shell during the cold months if needed. It is said that they are common along the east coast of temperate North America in shallow water and tide pools among vegetation­ where they feed on plant and animal detritus. They are filter feeders, and they agitate the loose bottom sediment with their an­ tennae to suspend their natural food from it.
    [Show full text]
  • First Genetic Data of Nebalia Koreana (Malacostraca, Leptostraca) with DNA Barcode Divergence Among Nebalia Species
    Anim. Syst. Evol. Divers. Vol. 35, No. 1: 37-39, January 2019 https://doi.org/10.5635/ASED.2019.35.1.003 Short communication First Genetic Data of Nebalia koreana (Malacostraca, Leptostraca) with DNA Barcode Divergence among Nebalia Species Ji-Hun Song1,2, Gi-Sik Min1,* 1Department of Biological Sciences, Inha University, Incheon 22212, Korea 2Animal & Plant Resources Research Division, Nakdonggang National Institute of Biological Resources, Sangju 37242, Korea ABSTRACT We determined the cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1 (CO1) sequences of Nebalia koreana Song, Moreira & Min, 2012 (Leptostraca) collected from five locations in South Korea, and this represents the first genetic data of this species. The maximum intra-species variation was 1.2% within Nebalia hessleri Martin, Vetter & Cash-Clark, 1996, while inter-species variation ranged from 9.0% (N. hessleri and Nebalia gerkenae Haney & Martin, 2000) to 34.8% (N. hessleri and Nebalia pseudotroncosoi Song, Moreira & Min, 2013). This result is well agreed with the interspecific relationships among Nebalia species based on morphological characteristics. In conclusion, this study showed the usefulness of CO1 sequences as a DNA barcode within the genus Nebalia Leach, 1814. Keywords: CO1, DNA barcode, Leptostraca, Nebalia, South Korea INTRODUCTION Among the mitochondrial genes already examined in most animal phyla, including Crustacea, the cytochrome c oxidase The order Leptostraca Claus, 1880 is the only extant order subunit 1 (CO1) gene has proved to be a particularly useful in the subclass Phyllocarida Packard, 1879, and is consid- taxonomic marker (Meyran et al., 1997; Wares, 2001; Ha- ered by many researchers to be the most primitive group in jibaei et al., 2006; Clare et al., 2007; Elsasser et al., 2009; the class Malacostraca Latreille, 1802 (Claus, 1888; Manton, Zemlak et al., 2009).
    [Show full text]