DOCSLIB.ORG

On the Use of Benthic Foraminifera As Sediment Tracers in a Hawaiian Bayi

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
On the Use of Benthic Foraminifera As Sediment Tracers in a Hawaiian Bayi Pacific Science (1975), Vol. 29, No.1, p. 99-115 Printed in Great Britain On the Use of Benthic Foraminifera as Sediment Tracers in a Hawaiian BayI WILLIAM T. COULBOURN2 AND JOHANNA M. RESIG3 ABSTRACT: Populations of foraminifera were investigated in regard to the suitability of the various species as indicators of sand transport. Of 53 species recorded in the sediments of Kahana Bay, Oahu, 16 showed distribution patterns that give evidence of the direction of sand transport within the littoral cell. IN THE COURSE of a study to map and calculate eastern side ofthe bay; however, after unusually offshore sediment volume around Hawaii heavy rainfall a channel opens throughthecenter (Campbell et al. 1970), a detailed sampling of of the beach. Kahana Bay, Oahu, was undertaken for the Along the east and west shores of the bay, purpose of defining the sources of the sand as the submarine topography is bounded by well as paths of transport within a littoral cell. fringing reefs whose surfaces range from a little A cursory examination of the microfaunas of more than 10 feet below sea level to blocks qf the samples showed that foraminifera were coral that are exposed during low tides (Figure dominant and that the foraminiferal populations 2). The outer edges of the reef drop vertically varied specifically and numerically from sample 30 feet or more to a sandy area in the center of to sample. Since data relevant to the physical the bay that forms a channel sloping gently oceanographyandsedimentologyofthebaywere seaward. The channel sands are rippled uni­ available, analyses of the foraminiferal popu­ formly to depths of at least 40 feet. A small lations of 53 selected samples were made to patch reefis located in the northwestern corner determine whether a systematic variation exis­ of the channel. ted that could provide an additional means of determining the direction of sand transport. METHOD OF STUDY The behavior offoraminiferal tests as sediment particles has been investigated by Grabert Sediment samples and in situ water salinity (1971). and temperature measurements were taken in Kahana Bay, Stream, and Valley from Septem­ THE ENVIRONMENT ber 1970 to August 1971. Of the 136 surface sediment samples collected, only 42 (those with Kahana Bay, located on the northeast (wind­ the suffix F, Figure 3) were collected by hand ward) coast of Oahu, Hawaii (Figure 1), is a and treated with a solution of rose bengal and submarine extension of Kahana Valley. Abun­ ethyl alcohol to preserve the living protoplasm dant rainfall in the valley, more than 250 inches while staining it red. The remaining deep-water a year in the higher elevations (Mink, Lee, and samples were obtained with a van Veen grab Watson 1963), produces a discharge of 29.5 sampler and were not stained, because they mgd by Kahana Stream (Cox and Gordon were initially collected solely for sedimento­ 1970). The stream usually discharges at the logical analysis. Thus, the reported distribution of live specimens is only an approximation I Hawaii Institute of Geophysics contribution no. because some of the samples were not stained 637. Manuscript received 1 March 1974; revised and returned 21 June 1974. to detect those individuals, and because seasonal 2 University of Hawaii: Hawaii Institute of Geo­ variation was not sampled systematically. physics and Department of Geology and Geophysics, As an independent means of determining Honolulu, Hawaii 96822. paths of sediment transport, direct measure­ 3 University of Hawaii: Hawaii Institute of Geophy­ sics and Department of Geology and Geophysics, ments of sand movement were made through Honolulu, Hawaii 96822. a sand tracer experiment as described by 99 100 PACIFIC SCIENCE, Volume 29, January 1975 PACIFIC OCEAN i .------------------------------~~~~'>~ ~BI:TIKY:~~~:~~:::~~ tAT '.30.00.>00 . ""'. PACIFIC OCEAN TOP<lliflUMICCOfIlTOU'" AT 110. 400' o , ~t o t.:-.. 5 \." ':":~=S.'-A1l1l'tlOT ~~_.~. , SANO-e<JfTOWD ~I.$ • rnfI"EII~[L.S._UIA(OnIOM Q.DCMUlT$ANOlfJl"S r~'UT1JI'U'lII01lUSGSfCPo­ (;II........c_f70AHU,1"4EDITlOH .," ~ .IOO ...·lt$lII.....,IO'IlOM·12dCOf'lCulll) .-. , .- SHOULIII[ .. H~:~U:rull[s. lISGS I9ll'EClTICIl ~\._ ... ... S.-s. fIOIC)S. Mel UIIO ''''f(;I1[$ FIGURE 1. Location map for Kahana Bay (after Moberly 1968). Obdyke (1966). (See Coulbourn 1971 for full elsewhere (Coulbourn 1971), are summarized description of method of study.) here. The course taken by stream water entering Grain-size analyses were performed on the the bay is marked by reduced salinity and samples by the standard methods. Statistical temperature, and high turbidity relative to size-parameters were determined graphically water flowing off the flanking reef flats. At the according to the formulas presented by Folk stream mouth, the temperature and salinity (1968). Approximations of the weight percent gradients are large but vary in position depend­ of calcareous, organic, and terrigenous frac­ ing on the ebb and flow of the tide. Near shore, tions in each sample were made by dissolving clear and warmer water flowing off the eastern the calcareous fraction of 2- to 5-gram samples reef flat adjacent to Huilua fishpond displaces in hydrochloric acid, reweighing, oxidizing the the flow of the stream toward the western side organic fraction with hydrogen peroxide, and of the bay. Farther offshore, high coral blocks finally weighing the terrigenous residue. along the eastern reef margin prevent any Foraminifera wereconcentratedfrom selected significant flow of marine water into the chan­ samples through flotation in perchloroethylene. nel. Just to the southeast of the patch reef, About 300 individuals were then tallied from a line of floating debris trending northeast­ a split of the concentrate. Tests that were so southwest marks the convergence of water abraded as to render species identification flowing off the northern and western reefs and impossible were ignored. the mixture of stream and marine waters flow­ ing seaward in the channel. Sand-tracer experi­ ments performed at grids 1 and 2 (Figure 3) demonstrated a southeasterly sediment drift. OCEANOGRAPHY The seaward flow of water within the bay The results of the in situ measurements of results primarily from contributions offfringing salinity and temperature, reported in detail reefs flanking both sides of the bay and from ; ¢IJ$ lllil! !Ii ! @!iii¥¥$i5SW Benthic Foraminifera as Sediment Tracers-CouLBOURN AND RESIG 101 the stream discharge. Freshwater springs located along the base of the reef contribute volume to the flow, but have little effect on the environment, since they are rapidly mixed with the seaward flow. The overall flow pattern closely resembles that proposed by Inman, Gayman, and Cox (1963) for a littoral cell at --------- Kapaa, Kauai. SEDIMENTS Values' of mean grain size and percent by weight of the terrigenous fraction of each sample are given at the top of Table 1. Com­ parison of plots of these values for the 136 samples reveals that areas oflow mean ¢ values (larger grain sizes) are also characterized by high percentages of calcareous constituents. It is of particular interest that these areas are highly reflective in aerial photographs, irr"e-. spective of bathymetry. Conversely, samples with high mean ¢ values and with high percentages ofterrigenous material (determined by microscopic examination to be mostly grains of weathered basalt rock) are associated 3 with dark areas in aerial photographs, again ----- 2 irrespective ofbathymetry. Thus, where sample distribution was sparse, allowing several pos­ sible interpretations, the contours were biased to trend along the borders between light and dark areas. The interrelation of the properties of sedi­ ment grain size and composition provides an insight into sediment transport in the bay. The middle of the bay is characterized by finer grain size and high percentages of terrigenous material, suggesting that sediment introduced from Kahana Stream settles out from suspen­ sion in the area seaward of the surf zone. It would appear that calcareous, coarse-grained sand is being introduced into the channel from localized points along the edges of the fringing reefs. Substantiation of direction of transport came from the southeasterly movement of dyed sand monitored at two test stations, and o 300 from the distribution of the terrigenous com­ II !, , ! METERS ponent in the sand. Although the sand tracer experiment provided conclusive results, it was FIGURE 2. Bathymetry of Kahana Bay. costly and extremely time-consuming. Another approach, utilizing biological components as tracers, is proposed as a desirable alternative. 102 PACIFIC SCIENCE, Volume 29, January 1975 / ,/ / / e600-F / I e404-F /' / e306-F e401-F e1301-F ----- e1302-F REEF - /'---- e1300-F / ---- 302-F / -- e119 ­ GRID No.l-j+ -108 ..- ------...., ,---- ........ (- 'e700-F /-, REEF e130l-I~../ /REEF I i e1305-F 1201-Fj 701-~_/ e -114 / 157'52'00" 30l-F /_/ + 21'3400... GRIDN~.27 / 1304-F / 'I el06 I I el05 I e402-F _1306-F I e1102-F / e104/ / /- - ell00-F . / / I (/:, '~H ."0'" / ~ _I el00l-F --203 _ e1200- ~/ ~ e903-F 1l00 F 901-F 10OO-F e902-F _907-F e ~06-F 3~9 ~ e904_Fe905-F 90l- F e910-F e911-F KAHANA BAY OAHU,HAWAII .. SAMPLE LOCATION -l •.. = .. ,." :~i··~ ~. I- ,I• ~ . .. C 01.. ,- lIit, .... -,,~ ... ...! -;y. ." .J j1. l. '" , 0 1000 .- J I :''', .~I. .... •• 01,. -.ill•• l FEET ... ~ l .;11.. '" li ? ...t 300 l;" .\ 0 ,II;. J II I ;,.. &t.... I'. i ill. ~, /Il. METERS .j), J. '" .IL '" ., FIGURE 3. Location ofsample stations in Kahana Bay, Stream, and Valley, and of grids 1 and 2. A compilation of all foraminiferal species and significant representation of brackish recorded in the samples and grouped according water species. An anomalous sample, 1303 to the constraints of mean grain size of the (group lIb) is placed with group IIa on the substrate, weight percent terrigenous material, basis of its microfaunal population alone. and location is shown in Table 1. The samples Groups III and IV represent mixed environ­ of group I belong to an estuarine environment ments subject to varying input from terrigenous that strongly influences the microfaunal popu­ and reefsources.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Geology of Hawaii Reefs
    11 Geology of Hawaii Reefs Charles H. Fletcher, Chris Bochicchio, Chris L. Conger, Mary S. Engels, Eden J. Feirstein, Neil Frazer, Craig R. Glenn, Richard W. Grigg, Eric E. Grossman, Jodi N. Harney, Ebitari Isoun, Colin V. Murray-Wallace, John J. Rooney, Ken H. Rubin, Clark E. Sherman, and Sean Vitousek 11.1 Geologic Framework The eight main islands in the state: Hawaii, Maui, Kahoolawe , Lanai , Molokai , Oahu , Kauai , of the Hawaii Islands and Niihau , make up 99% of the land area of the Hawaii Archipelago. The remainder comprises 11.1.1 Introduction 124 small volcanic and carbonate islets offshore The Hawaii hot spot lies in the mantle under, or of the main islands, and to the northwest. Each just to the south of, the Big Island of Hawaii. Two main island is the top of one or more massive active subaerial volcanoes and one active submarine shield volcanoes (named after their long low pro- volcano reveal its productivity. Centrally located on file like a warriors shield) extending thousands of the Pacific Plate, the hot spot is the source of the meters to the seafloor below. Mauna Kea , on the Hawaii Island Archipelago and its northern arm, the island of Hawaii, stands 4,200 m above sea level Emperor Seamount Chain (Fig. 11.1). and 9,450 m from seafloor to summit, taller than This system of high volcanic islands and asso- any other mountain on Earth from base to peak. ciated reefs, banks, atolls, sandy shoals, and Mauna Loa , the “long” mountain, is the most seamounts spans over 30° of latitude across the massive single topographic feature on the planet.
    [Show full text]
  • Grand Circle Island Tour
    DAILY • • OAHU Pickup 8:15 a.m. Return 5:45p.m. Times are approximate & subject to change TOUR 7 GRAND CIRCLE ISLAND Blowhole, Hanauma Bay & North Shore ur popular narrated Circle Island HIGHLIGHTS • Tour Stops tour takes you on a scenic Drive By 120-mile excursion around the Amelia Earhart Lookout Ocean view from south side of Diamond Head Obeautiful island of Oahu. The Exclusive Kahala Neighborhood adventure begins on the south shore with “Hawaii’s Beverly Hills” a scenic view of the world’s most famous Hanauma Bay Lookout (closed Tuesdays) ancient tuff cone; Diamond Head. Marine ecosystem, clear blue water Halona Blowhole (depending on parking congestion) As you head down the coast, gaze down Majestic jets of salt water at Hanauma Bay, a spectacular ecosystem Sandy Beach and Makapu‘u Point with crystal clear water. Relax and take Powerful shore break, rugged cliffs in the beauty of Windward Oahu and the Nu‘uanu Pali Lookout lush Koʻolau mountain range. Site of 1795 Battle of Nuʻuanu Byodo-In Temple Cool island breezes and a panoramic Lush and serene Japanese gardens vista welcome you to historic Nuʻuanu Kualoa Ranch Legends & Legacy tour, tram ride Pali Lookout where the famous Battle of Chinaman’s Hat, Kahana Bay Nuʻuanu took place in 1795. on Windward Side North Shore Beaches at Sunset Marvel at the famous surfing beaches & Waimea Bay along with seemingly endless rows of Historic Haleiwa Town coffee and pineapple fields on the North Coffee and pineapple farms Shore. of Central Oahu Round-trip transportation from Dole Plantation convenient Waikiki locations “Hawaii’s Pineapple Experience” Expert narration 808.833.3000 | www.polyad.com 08.21.19.
    [Show full text]
  • The Hui of Kahana
    THE HUI OF KAHANA by bob stauffer ABSTRACT hawaii this district encompasses a large valley and the ocean fishery offshore from it the mission and membership of the church of jesus the valley is drained by the major kahana river which is christ of latter day saints in the hawaiian islands were in turn fed by the kawaKawa and kahana streams which flow from confronted early on with two epic cruises first there was the wet forked backbackcounttybackcountrycountry valleys in addition to these loss of the colony on the island of lanai in the early 1860s irrigation sources the hawaiians had constructed two major then came the sundering and temporary loss of about half of rocklinedrock lined auwaiahwaiwatercourseswatercourses of 151.5 and 252.5 miles in the faithful from the laie mission in the 1870s through the length helping to create an intensive agricultural community socalledso called awa rebellion 1 this paper picks up the thread with a relatively high precontactpre contact population of about 1000 of the churchs breakaway mormon colony in kahana in people doing so light is also shed on the broader debate over defining altogether the valley system was some eight square miles the traditional hawaiian system of land ownership and 5200 acres in size with another 232 3 square miles of bay and management offshore fishery A traditional lifestyle appears to have been practiced with the peoples time spent largely with gardening taro in irrigated BACKGROUNDbackgrounds2 terraces iolaliloi&li tending to other agricultural produce and harvesting the
    [Show full text]
  • Ma'alaea Required Planning Process and Path Forward Based On
    Ma’alaea Required Planning Process and Path Forward based on Kahana Bay Experience Presentation to Ma’alaea Village Association February 27, 2020 Michele McLean, Director James Buika, Coastal Resource Planner County of Maui Department of Planning Kaanapali: Pu’u Keka’a (Black Rock) Kahana Beach Cell Nine condo properties, plus one private residence (north to south): • Kahana Village • Kahana Outrigger* • Felimon Sadang property • Kahana Reef* • Pohailani* • Hololani* • Royal Kahana • Valley Isle Resort • Sands of Kahana • Kahana Beach Resort* *armored shoreline (temporary or permanent) End Effect to Sands of Kahana, Valley Isle Resort Emergency Response, 2016 2018, in foreground Kahana Beach (Royal Kahana, Removal of pool hale), Nov 2017 & Nov 2018 WHY ARE WE KeyLOSING Points HAWAII’S from BEACHES? Lessons Learned: Moving the Conversation from Rocky Point, Oahu: December 2013 “What?” to “How?” 1. Reactive vs. proactive 2. Shoreline now managed by parcel 3.Shift to regional beach cell approach 4.Establish public–private partnerships 5.Proactively restore beaches where feasible Image: Jim Buika PLANNING CHALLENGE: NAVIGATING THE MULTI-JURISDICTIONAL SHORELINE PERMIT PROCESS COUNTY STATE STATE & FEDERAL Ma’alaea Planning Process Path Forward: Anticipated Time & Cost Challenges Identify Problem: Scope Solutions: Chronic Coastal Preferred Alternative, Erosion that has Regional Soft Sand Accelerated to Solution @ $500K per Emergency Status parcel 3 months 3 months, add protection, $250K +3 months “ Procure Solution: Beach Cell Environmental State Restoration” Funding via Assessment + Supplemental Certified Private Studies: (Geotech, Biology, Shoreline Sources Archaeology, Marine (Decision by Resources, Identify Sand Part of EA, BOD) Source, wave modeling) $10K +6 months +18 months, $150K+ Supplemental Studies ($250K) Special Management Area Permit Department HI Conservation HI Dept of Health & Shoreline Setback Approval of Army District Use Permit Permit 401 Clean with agency comments Permit Water Act +18 months, $100K……………….
    [Show full text]
  • Pursuant to Chapter 92, Hawaii Revised Statutes As Amended, And
    PURSUANT TO CHAPTER 92, HAWAII REVISED STATUTES AS AMENDED, AND THE GOVERNOR’S EMERGENCY PROCLAMATIONS RELATED TO THE COVID-19 CRISIS, NOTICE IS HEREBY GIVEN OF A REGULAR MEETING OF THE MAUI PLANNING COMMISSION AGENDA (HYPERLINKS TO MEETING MATERIALS ADDED) DATE: JULY 13, 2021 TIME: 9:00 A.M. PLACE: Online only via BlueJeans; Meeting ID: 375 864 204 Members: Christian Tackett (Chairperson), P Denise La Costa (Vice-Chairperson), Jerry Edlao, Kawika Freitas, Mel Hipolito, Jr., Ashley Lindsey, Kellie Pali, Kim Thayer, Dale Thompson A. CALL TO ORDER Public testimony will be taken when each agenda item is discussed. Testimony will be limited to a maximum of three (3) minutes. To listen to the meeting or provide oral testimony via phone, dial 1-888-748-9073 (toll free) or 1-408-915-6290 or 1-408-740-7256 and enter Meeting ID: 375 864 204 To watch the meeting or provide video testimony, use meeting link: https://bluejeans.com/375864204 To provide written testimony, email comments to [email protected] by noon, one business day before the meeting to ensure distribution to the commission. Testifiers will be called by the Chair to offer their testimony and are asked to mute their audio and video when they are not testifying. Testifiers via video are asked to sign-up using the Chat function providing your name and the item you’re wishing to testify on. Testifiers via phone will be called by the Chair after video testimony is finished. Commissioners shall not be contacted by the Chat function B. PUBLIC HEARINGS 1.
    [Show full text]
  • Table 4. Hawaiian Newspaper Sources
    OCS Study BOEM 2017-022 A ‘Ikena I Kai (Seaward Viewsheds): Inventory of Terrestrial Properties for Assessment of Marine Viewsheds on the Main Eight Hawaiian Islands U.S. Department of the Interior Bureau of Ocean Energy Management Pacific OCS Region August 18, 2017 Cover image: Viewshed among the Hawaiian Islands. (Trisha Kehaulani Watson © 2014 All rights reserved) OCS Study BOEM 2017-022 Nā ‘Ikena I Kai (Seaward Viewsheds): Inventory of Terrestrial Properties for Assessment of Marine Viewsheds on the Eight Main Hawaiian Islands Authors T. Watson K. Ho‘omanawanui R. Thurman B. Thao K. Boyne Prepared under BOEM Interagency Agreement M13PG00018 By Honua Consulting 4348 Wai‘alae Avenue #254 Honolulu, Hawai‘i 96816 U.S. Department of the Interior Bureau of Ocean Energy Management Pacific OCS Region August 18, 2016 DISCLAIMER This study was funded, in part, by the US Department of the Interior, Bureau of Ocean Energy Management, Environmental Studies Program, Washington, DC, through Interagency Agreement Number M13PG00018 with the US Department of Commerce, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Office of National Marine Sanctuaries. This report has been technically reviewed by the ONMS and the Bureau of Ocean Energy Management (BOEM) and has been approved for publication. The views and conclusions contained in this document are those of the authors and should not be interpreted as representing the opinions or policies of the US Government, nor does mention of trade names or commercial products constitute endorsement or recommendation for use. REPORT AVAILABILITY To download a PDF file of this report, go to the US Department of the Interior, Bureau of Ocean Energy Management, Environmental Studies Program Information System website and search on OCS Study BOEM 2017-022.
    [Show full text]
  • Sec.106 Statewide Water Bottle Stations DRAFT REVISED
    SECTION 106 CONSULTATION INSTALLATION OF WATER BOTTLE FILLING STATIONS AT HAWAI‘I STATE PARKS STATEWIDE Prepared by: Martha Yent, M.A. Department of Land & Natural Resources Division of State Parks Prepared for: July 2018 INTRODUCTION The Department of Land and Natural Resources (DLNR), Division of State Parks (State Parks) proposes to install 19 water bottle filling stations in 15 parks on the islands of Hawai‘i, Kaua‘i, Maui and O‘ahu. These water bottle filling stations will encourage park users to use refillable water bottles rather than disposable plastic bottles. The project also involves educational outreach, including the installation of interpretive signs to teach both Hawai‘i residents and visitors about the harm that single-use plastic water bottles do if they become marine debris and ways that people can help reduce marine debris that is created in the Hawaiian Islands. These signs will be placed near the water bottle filling stations, either mounted on the walls of the comfort stations or in frames mounted on existing concrete slabs. To implement the water bottle filling station project, DLNR applied for a grant from the Marine Debris Program of the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA). The goal of this federal grant program is to identify, assess, reduce, and prevent the occurrence of marine debris in our waters and to protect and conserve the nation’s marine environment from the impacts of marine debris. There are over 11 million visitors to the Hawai‘i state park system annually with several parks experiencing over 1 million visitors a year. Approximately 70% of these visitors are from out-of-state while the other 30% are local Hawai‘i residents.
    [Show full text]
  • Regional Tsunami Evacuations for the State of Hawaii: a Feasibility Study Based on Historical Runup Data
    REGIONAL TSUNAMI EVACUATIONS FOR THE STATE OF HAWAII: A FEASIBILITY STUDY BASED ON HISTORICAL RUNUP DATA Daniel A. Walker Tsunami Memorial Institute 59-530 Pupukea Road Haleiwa, Hawaii 96712 ABSTRACT Historical runup data for the Hawaiian Islands indicate that evacuations of only limited coastal areas, rather than statewide evacuations, may be appropriate for some small tsunamis originating along the Kamchatka, Aleutian, and Alaskan portion of the circum-Pacific arc. With such limited evacuations most statewide activities can continue with little or no disruptions, saving millions in lost revenues and overtime costs, and maintaining or enhancing credibility in state and federal agencies. However, such evacuations are contingent upon accurate real-time modeling of the maximum expected runup values. Also, data indicate that such evacuations may not be appropriate for small Chilean tsunamis. Furthermore, data from other regions are thus far too limited for an evaluation of the appropriateness of partial evacuations for small tsunamis from those regions. Science_of_Tsunami_Hazards,_Vol_22,_No._1,_page_3_(2004) Introduction Historical data indicate that tsunami runups are generally greatest along the northern coastlines of the Hawaiian Islands for earthquake originating in that portion of the circum-Pacific arc from Kamchatka through the Aleutians Islands to Alaska. A critical question is whether a statewide warning should be issued if tide gauge, magnitude, and modeling data predict a maximum runup of only 1 meter for some portions of those northern shores. [A one meter tsunami is generally considered by the scientific community and civil defense agencies to be a potentially life threatening phenomenon requiring a warning, if possible, of its arrival and location.] The answer to the question depends on the accuracy of the prediction and how much smaller the runups might be on those other coastlines.
    [Show full text]
  • O'ahu: the HEART of HAWAII Let’S Play
    O'AHU: THE HEART OF HAWAII Let’s play. On the island of O'ahu, learn to ride the waves in Waikiki where surfing was born or catch a big-wave surf meet on O'ahu’s famed North Shore. Between sunrise and sunset, you’ll have hours to explore the hottest farm to table restaurants, browse the lat- est designer and local fashions, check out the urban art scene in Chinatown or stroll into Hawaii’s history at Iolani Palace. When the sun goes down, the “Heartbeat of Hawaii” awakens to a new beat, and it’s time to put on your dancing shoes. Your dream vacation is yours to cre- ate. Home to the majority of Hawaii’s population, the state capital of Hon- olulu and world famous Waikiki, O'ahu is often the first stop for visitors to Hawaii. Because this is such an active and vibrant island with so much variety, there’s no shortage of things to do here. Once you’ve checked in, you’ll want to experience all that O'ahu has to offer. Marvel at O'ahu’s spectacular natural wonders like Leahi (Diamond Head) and Hanauma Bay Nature Preserve. Take your first surf lesson in Waikiki then attend a luau at sunset and watch authentic hula. Explore Hawaii’s rich history and culture at the Iolani Palace, King Kamehameha Statue and Kawaiahao Church, all within a block of each other. Then indulge in a taste of Hawaii Regional Cuisine and the best of Hawaii’s nightlife. Or if all else fails, spend the day tanning on one of O'ahu’s beautiful beaches.
    [Show full text]
  • Submarine Groundwater Discharge: Freshwater and Nutrient Input Into Hawaii's Coastal Zone a Thesis Submitted to the Graduate
    SUBMARINE GROUNDWATER DISCHARGE: FRESHWATER AND NUTRIENT INPUT INTO HAWAII'S COASTAL ZONE A THESIS SUBMITTED TO THE GRADUATE DIVISION OF THE UNIVERSITY OF HAWAI'I IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF MASTER OF SCIENCE IN GEOLOGY AND GEOPHYSICS DECEMBER 2004 By Marc P. McGowan Thesis Committee: Craig R. Glenn, Chairperson Fred T. Mackenzie Gary R. McMurtry KenH. Rubin ACKNOWLEDMENTS I would like to first thank Craig Glenn for giving me the opportunity to come Hawaii to work on submarine groundwater discharge and for giving me the freedom to steer the project in the manner I felt fit. I also thank him for his insight into other marine geological disciplines especially with respect to understanding oxygen and carbon isotopes in carbonate rocks and their use in interpreting paleoclimates. GeoffGarrison played a crucial role in getting this project underway and also had useful insightful into Hawaii's geology, hydrology, and local way oflife. I appreciate his consultations even after he departed Hawaii for the mainland. Many thanks to Ken Rubin for taking time to discuss geochemistry with me as well as assisting in the statistical analysis and interpretation ofmy data. This project would not have been possible had it not been for the numerous field assistants who helped with collecting water and sediment samples. I would especially like to thank Chris Stoebenau for being an outstanding dive buddy and overall field assistant. Big mahalos to Eden Feirstein for all the enlightening discussions on submarine groundwater discharge, politics, and life in general as well as assistance in proofreading early drafts ofmy thesis.
    [Show full text]
  • Copyrighted Material Copyrighted 7 3 7
    Index A Aloha Bowl (Honolulu), 72 B Aaron's Dive Shop (Oahu), 214 Aloha Classic Wave Bailey House Museum Shop INDEX A-Bay (Anaehoomalu Bay; Big Championships (Maui), 70 (Wailuku), 553–554 Island), 354, 356 Aloha Festivals, 70 Bailey House Museum Abundant Life Natural Foods Aloha Festivals' Poke Contest (Wailuku), 530 (Hilo), 416–417 (Big Island), 70 Bailey's Antiques & Aloha Shirts Academy Shop (Honolulu), 285 Aloha Kayak (Big Island), 363 (Honolulu), 281 Access Aloha Travel, 84 Aloha Tower Marketplace Baldwin Beach Park (Maui), 511 Accommodations. See also (Honolulu), 260, 287 Baldwin Home Museum specifi c islands; and nightlife, 293 (Lahaina), 533, 555 Accommodations Index restaurants, 184 Bamboo forests (Maui), 521, 547 best, 14–21 American Automobile Bamboo Pantry (Molokai), 601 types of, 101–103 Association (AAA), 729 Bambulei (Kauai), 722–723 Ackerman Gallery (Big Island), American Express, 728 Bank of Hawaii (Honolulu), 255 413 Big Island, 308 Banks, 728 Activities & Attractions Honolulu, 139 Banyan Drive (Hilo), 396 Association of Hawaii Gold Maui, 433 Banyan Tree (Lahaina), 534 Card, 96 America the Beautiful Access Banyan Veranda (Honolulu), 294 Activities desks, 93 Pass, 84–85 Banzai Pipeline (Oahu), 278 Activity Connection, 93 America the Beautiful Senior Barking Sands Beach (Kauai), Admissions Day, 69 Pass, 86 678 Agnes Portuguese Bake Shop Anaehoomalu Bay (A-Bay; Big Barnes & Noble (Honolulu), (Kailua), 290 Island), 354, 356 281–282 Agricultural screening at the ANARA Spa (Kauai), 644 Bar 35 (Honolulu), 294 airports, 75 Ancient
    [Show full text]
  • Managing Maui's Dynamic Shorelines
    MANAGING MAUI’S DYNAMIC SHORELINES Status and Trends Briefing for the Maui Coastal Zone Advocacy Council August 4, 2017 James Buika Tara Owens Coastal Zone Management Planner Coastal Processes & Hazards Specialist County of Maui Planning Department University of Hawaii Sea Grant [email protected] [email protected] 808-270-6271 808-463-3868 WELCOME TO MAUI COUNTY MAUI COUNTY: Moloka’i West Maui North Shore (Lahaina) (Paia) Lana’i East Maui (Hana) South Maui (Kihei) Kaho’olawe Kihei, Halama Street, May 2017 South Kihei Road, January 2017 KahanaBaldwin BeachBeach, (Royal September Kahana), 2016 April 2016 Napili Bay, January 11, 2016 Photo credit: Dana Reed Napili Bay, January 11, 2016 Photo credit: Pat Lindquist Keonenui Bay, October 2016 Keonenui Bay, retaining wall failure, November 2016 North Kaanapali (Kaanapali Beach Club), June 2016 Kahana Beach (Royal Kahana), September 2015 Kahana Beach (Royal Kahana), April 2016 Kahana Beach (Valley Isle), June 2016 June 5, 2016 September 22, 2016 May 23, 2017 EROSION IS WIDESPREAD ON MAUI • 85% of Maui shorelines are eroding over the long-term. • Maui’s beaches are experiencing the highest rates of erosion for the Hawaiian islands. • Maui has the highest percentage of beach loss (11%). Fletcher, Charles et. al., 2011. National Assessment of Shoreline Change: Historical Shoreline Change in the Hawaiian Islands. U.S. Geological Survey Open-file Report 2011-1051, 55p. COASTAL EROSION Combination of Causes: 1. Sea-Level Rise (chronic erosion) 2. Seasonal Wave Conditions & Storms that Move
    [Show full text]