Universidade De São Paulo Faculdade De Filosofia, Letras E

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Universidade De São Paulo Faculdade De Filosofia, Letras E Universidade de São Paulo Faculdade de Filosofia, Letras e Ciências Humanas Departamento de Línguas Clássicas e Vernáculas Programa de Pós-Graduação em Letras Clássicas Alexandre Pinheiro Hasegawa Dispositio e distinção de gêneros nos Epodos de Horácio: estudo acompanhado de tradução em verso SÃO PAULO 2010 ii Universidade de São Paulo Faculdade de Filosofia, Letras e Ciências Humanas Departamento de Línguas Clássicas e Vernáculas Programa de Pós-Graduação em Letras Clássicas Alexandre Pinheiro Hasegawa Dispositio e distinção de gêneros nos Epodos de Horácio: estudo acompanhado de tradução em verso Tese apresentada ao Programa de Pós- Graduação em Letras Clássicas do Departamento de Letras Clássicas e Vernáculas da Faculdade de Filosofia, Letras e Ciências Humanas de Universidade de São Paulo para obtenção do título de Doutor. Orientador: Prof. Dr. João Angelo Oliva Neto Co-orientador: Prof. Dr. Andrea Cucchiarelli SÃO PAULO 2010 iii A Laura, meae lauro , e Letícia, laetae segeti iv AGRADECIMENTOS Agradeço ao Prof. Dr. João Angelo Oliva Neto pela orientação e pela amizade e ao Prof. Dr. Andrea Cucchiarelli pela co-orientação e gentil acolhimento durante o estágio no exterior, ambos nel mezzo del cammin della mia vita foram fundamentais para que o trabalho fosse conduzido por diritta via . Agradeço à CAPES, meo Maecenati , pela bolsa concedida que possibilitou não só discutir a tese com pesquisadores estrangeiros, mas também recolher material indisponível em nossas bibliotecas. Agradeço à Prof. Paula da Cunha Corrêa e ao Prof. Dr. Brunno Vinicius Gonçalves Vieira que me argüiram no exame de qualificação, trazendo importantes contribuições para o desenvolvimento da tese. Agradeço a todos colegas da área que sempre me apoiaram, sobretudo ao Prof. Dr. Adriano Scatolin e ao Prof. Dr. Marcos Martinho dos Santos que contribuíram com valiosas sugestões. Agradeço ao Prof. Dr. Gian Biagio Conte e ao Prof. Dr. Giuliano Ranucci com quem pude discutir parte desta tese e foram muito solícitos. Agradeço aos amigos (impossível mencionar todos) que me apoiaram e aos quais dedico parte deste extremus labor , mormente Adriano Ribeiro, Adriano Scatolin, Alexandre Agnolon, Breno Battistini Sebastiani, Daniele Mazza, João Angelo Oliva Neto, João Batista Toledo Prado, Karen Amaral Sacconi, Mamede Mustafá Jarouche, Marcos Martinho dos Santos, Paulo Martins, Rosângela S. de Souza Amato, Signora Teti e Stefano Rebeggiani. Agradeço aos responsáveis pela biblioteca do Dipartimento di Filologia Greca e Latina da Università di Roma “La Sapienza”, Dr. Alberto Rizzo e Dr. Walter Mazzotta. Agradeço aos parentes todos que me apoiaram, sobretudo Lúcia Maria de Almeida Pedreira e Júlio César ( l’imperatore ) Mei, pela ajuda nos momentos difíceis. Agradeço aos meus amores pela paciência, compreensão, apoio e amor que tornaram suave o duro e longo caminho desta tese. v Quero versos que sejam como jóias para que durem no porvir extenso e os não macule a morte que em cada coisa a espreita, versos onde se esquece o duro e triste lapso curto dos dias e se volve à antiga liberdade que talvez nunca houvemos. Aqui, nestas amigas sombras postas longe, onde menos nos conhece a história lembro os que urdem, cuidados, seus descuidados versos. E mais que a todos te lembrando, screvo sob o vedado sol, e, te lembrando, bebo, imortal Horácio, supérfluo, à tua glória... Ricardo Reis vi RESUMO O presente trabalho tem por objetivo, inicialmente, investigar os modos como Horácio organiza seus poemas e livros e como faz a passagem de um poema a outro, buscando seus antecedentes, seja na poesia grega, seja na latina. Concentra-se, depois, no livro de Epodos , que apresenta duas partes muito claras: a primeira do epod . 1 ao 10 e a segunda do epod . 11 ao 17. Tal divisão é a base da tese que se propõe a distinguir iambo de epodo na obra invectiva de Horácio, que se serviu não só dos modelos gregos, arcaicos e helenísticos, mas também de modelo latino. Do estudo que se fez decorrem alguns critérios da tradução proposta em verso: é a primeira tradução poética em português de todo livro dos Epodos . Recolhem-se, por fim, todas as traduções poéticas em português que foram encontradas, apresentadas por pequena introdução. PALVRAS -CHAVE : Horácio, epodo, poesia iâmbica grega e latina, dispositio , gêneros, tradução. vii ABSTRACT The initial objective of the present work is to investigate how Horace organizes his poems and books and how he operates the transition from one poem to the next. In order to accomplish that, his predecessors both in Greek as in Latin poetry were studied. Subsequently, it focuses on the Book of Epodes , which can be clearly be divided into two parts: the first, from epod . 1 to 10, and the second from epod . 11 to 17. Such division is the basis of this thesis, which proposes a distinction between iambus and epodes in Horace’s invective work. Horace made use not only of Archaic Greek and Hellenistic but also of Latin models. From this study, some criteria for the proposed translation in verse were derived: this is the first poetic translation into Portuguese of the whole Book of Epodes . Finally, all the poetic translations into Portuguese that could be found were gathered and they are preceded by a brief introduction. KEY WORDS : Horace, epode, Greek and Latin iambic poetry, disposition, genres, translation. viii SUMÁRIO INTRODUÇÃO ................................................................................................................... 1 PRIMEIRA PARTE ............................................................................................................. 7 CAPÍTULO 1: 1.1 MOVER -SE E O DETER -SE : INÍCIOS E FINS NAS POESIAS GREGAS E LATINAS ............... 8 1.2 O MOVER -SE E O DETER -SE : INÍCIOS E FINS EM HORÁCIO : 1.2.1 LIVRO 4 DAS ODES ................................................................................................. 20 1.2.2 LIVROS 1-3 DAS ODES ............................................................................................ 25 1.2.3 SERMONES : SÁTIRAS E EPÍSTOLAS .......................................................................... 33 1.2.4 LIVRO DOS EPODOS ................................................................................................ 37 CAPÍTULO 2: 2.1 A ORGANIZAÇÃO PELOS METROS E DISTINÇÃO GENÉRICA NOS EPODOS ................... 50 2.1.1 DISTINÇÃO ENTRE IAMBO E EPODO ........................................................................ 53 2.2 ANÁLISE DOS EPODOS 8 E 12 ..................................................................................... 63 2.3 INVECTIVAS LÍRICAS CONTRA VELHAS ..................................................................... 71 CAPÍTULO 3: 3.1 A IMITAÇÃO , OS MODELOS E A FRAQUEZA DE FLACCUS ........................................... 76 3.2 IAMBO ARCAICO : HIPÔNAX DE ÉFESO ....................................................................... 80 3.3 IAMBO ARCAICO : ARQUÍLOCO DE PAROS .................................................................. 84 3.4 O IAMBO HELENÍSTICO : CALÍMACO .......................................................................... 93 3.4.1 O FRACO FLACO E O MODELO ARQUILOQUIANO .................................................... 96 3.5 O IAMBO LATINO : CATULO ..................................................................................... 102 SEGUNDA PARTE .......................................................................................................... 108 CAPÍTULO 1: 1.1 DA TRADUÇÃO E DOS TRADUTORES : PRIMEIRA PARTE DO LIVRO DOS EPODOS ..... 109 1.2. DA TRADUÇÃO E DOS TRADUTORES : SEGUNDA PARTE DO LIVRO DOS EPODOS .... 116 1. 3. FIGURAS E TROPOS ................................................................................................ 120 CAPÍTULO 2: TRADUÇÃO DO EPODON LIBER – LIVRO DOS EPODOS .................................................... 125 VARIAÇÕES SOBRE MESMO POEMA .............................................................................. 159 SUBPARTE .................................................................................................................... 162 RECOLHA DAS TRADUÇÕES POÉTICAS DOS EPODOS DE HORÁCIO : ix TRADUÇÕES DE BENTO PRADO DE ALMEIDA FERRAZ ................................................... 163 TRADUÇÕES DE DÉCIO PIGNATARI ................................................................................ 171 TRADUÇÕES DE ELPINO DURIENSE ................................................................................ 174 TRADUÇÕES DE JOSÉ AGOSTINHO DE MACEDO ............................................................. 189 TRADUÇÃO DE FILINTO ELÍSIO ...................................................................................... 209 TRADUÇÃO DE PATO MUNIZ ......................................................................................... 210 APÊNDICE ..................................................................................................................... 213 ESQUEMA 1: ODES 3, 1-6 E ESQUEMA 2: ODES 1, 1-10 .................................................. 214 BIBLIOGRAFIA ............................................................................................................... 215 1 INTRODUÇÃO ille [Lucilius] uelut fidis arcana sodalibus olim credebat libris neque, si male cesserat, usquam decurrens alio neque, si bene; quo fit ut omnis uotiua pateat ueluti descripta tabella uita senis. (Hor., sat . 2, 1, 30-34) OS LIVROS , FIÉIS COMPANHEIROS , encerram muitas vezes arcanos de um autor. O satírico Horácio, seguidor de Lucílio
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